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How does a virtual machine work?

- by Martin

I've been looking into how programming languages work, and some of them have a so-called virtual machines. I understand that this is some form of emulation of the programming language within another programming language, and that it works like how a compiled language would be executed, with a stack. Did I get that right? With the proviso that I did, what bamboozles me is that many non-compiled languages allow variables with "liberal" type systems. In Python for example, I can write this: x = "Hello world!" x = 2**1000 Strings and big integers are completely unrelated and occupy different amounts of space in memory, so how can this code even be represented in a stack-based environment? What exactly happens here? Is x pointed to a new place on the stack and the old string data left unreferenced? Do these languages not use a stack? If not, how do they represent variables internally?

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Is perl's each function worth using?

- by eugene y

From perldoc -f each we read: There is a single iterator for each hash, shared by all each, keys, and values function calls in the program; it can be reset by reading all the elements from the hash, or by evaluating keys HASH or values HASH. The iterator is not reset when you leave the scope containing the each(), and this can lead to bugs: my %h = map { $_, 1 } qw(1 2 3); while (my $k = each %h) { print "1: $k\n"; last } while (my $k = each %h) { print "2: $k\n" } Output: 1: 1 2: 3 2: 2 What are the common workarounds for this behavior? And is it worth using each in general?

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Is perl's each function worth using?

- by eugene y

From perldoc -f each we read: There is a single iterator for each hash, shared by all each, keys, and values function calls in the program; it can be reset by reading all the elements from the hash, or by evaluating keys HASH or values HASH. The iterator is not reset when you leave the scope containing the each(), and this can lead to bugs: my %h = map { $_, 1 } qw(1 2 3); while (my $k = each %h) { print "1: $k\n"; last } while (my $k = each %h) { print "2: $k\n" } Output: 1: 1 2: 3 2: 2 What are the common workarounds for this behavior? And is it worth using each in general?

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retrieving background image from div when dynamically set

- by tixrus

I am having an issue with setting the background-image of a #x to the background image of #y. Correct me if I am wrong but I think you would do this in a simple case by saying $('#x').css('background-image',$('#y').css('background-image')); The problem is that when y was initially set up, it was set up like this: <div id='y' style='background-image: url(./randomcolor.php?ibase=<?php echo $entity->name; ?>) .... So when it does it, it is getting the URL of the generator, and javascript is just regarding that as a string. Do I have to do an ajax get here, or is there some kind of eval I could use.

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C++ Ambiguous call to Overloaded Function (const variety)

- by Joe

After researching this online, I've only found solutions that don't apply to my problem, so please bear with me. Code snippet: typedef my_map_t<int const *, float> _test; my_map_t::const_iterator not_found = my_map_t::end(); if (_test.find(&iKeyValue) == not_found) { _test[iKeyValue] = 4 + 5; // not the actual code, but here for simplicity } The compiler complains that there's an ambiguous call to my_map_t::end(). This makes sense, because the only difference is the return type. Output: error C2668: 'std::_Tree<_Traits>::end' : ambiguous call to overloaded function Normally you can disambiguate the call by casting the parameters, but end() has no parameters. Any ideas?

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Dynamically created operators

- by Gero

I created a program using dev-cpp and wxwidgets which solves a puzzle. The user must fill the operations blocks and the results blocks, and the program will solve it. Im solving it using bruteforce, i generate all non repeated 9 length number combinations using a recursive algorithm. It does it pretty fast. Up to here all is great! But the problem is when my program operates depending the character on the blocks. Its extremely slow (it never gets the answer), because of the chars comparation against +, -, *, etc. Im doing a CASE. Is there some way or some programming language wich allows dinamic creation of operators? So i can define the operator ROW1COL2 to be a +, and the same way to all other operations. I leave a screenshot of the app, so its easier to understand how the puzzle works. http://www.imageshare.web.id/images/9gg5cev8vyokp8rhlot9.png PD: The algorithm works, i tryed it with a trivial puzzle, and solved it in a second.

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struct function

- by gcc

typedef struct phoneEntry { struct phoneEntry* next; char* info; char* number; } phoneEntry; typedef struct contactEntry { struct contactEntry* next; char* name; char* surname; struct phoneEntry* phoneList; } contactEntry; I want write a function that add a new contact to the phone book using given name and surname.(please, Note that a new contact should be located in the proper location which ensures the alphabetical ordering of the contacts.) void addContact(contactEntry** phoneBook, char* name, char* surname) { } I tried to write ,but ,unfortunetely, I cannot question is that there are any person who can help me.

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linq where clause not in select statement

- by Annie

Can someone help me to convert from SQL Query to LINQ VB.NET: select rls.* from Roles rls(nolock) where rls.id not in ( select r.ID from usersRole ur (nolock) inner join Roles r(nolock) on ur.RoleID = r.ID where user_id = 'NY1772') Thanks

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unresolved external symbol __penter referenced in function _WspiapiStrdup@4

- by John Weldon

I started getting this compile error after upgrading to Visual Studio 2010. Not sure if it's related, but I can't figure out what library to reference to satisfy this dependency? Is it just an API change bug or something? Microsoft (R) Program Maintenance Utility Version 10.00.30319.01 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. del wstest.res wstest.obj wstest.pdb wstest.ilk wstest.exe wstest.exe.manifest vc90.pdb cl -Gh -Ox -DNDEBUG -c -DCRTAPI1=_cdecl -DCRTAPI2=_cdecl -nologo -GS -D_X86_=1 -DWIN32 -D_WIN32 -W3 -D_WINNT -D_WIN32_WINNT =0x0501 -DNTDDI_VERSION=0x05010000 -D_WIN32_IE=0x0600 -DWINVER=0x0501 -D_MT -D_DLL -MDd wstest.c wstest.c link /DEBUG /DEBUGTYPE:cv -out:wstest.exe wstest.obj Ws2_32.lib Shlwapi.lib Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 10.00.30319.01 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. wstest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __penter referenced in function _WspiapiStrdup@4 wstest.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals NMAKE : fatal error U1077: '"c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\bin\link.EXE"' : return code '0x460' Stop.

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Which Activator.CreateInstance overload function to call?

- by user299990

Which Activator.CreateInstance overload function to call? I have a type returned from "Type proxyType = GetProxyType(contractType);" and the constructorinfo is "[System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo] = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext)} base {System.Reflection.MemberInfo} = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext)} [System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo] = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.String)} base {System.Reflection.MethodBase} = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.String)} [System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo] = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.String, System.String)} base {System.Reflection.MethodBase} = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.String, System.String)} [System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo] = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.String, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress)} base {System.Reflection.MethodBase} = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.String, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress)} [System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo] = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress)} base {System.Reflection.MethodBase} = {Void .ctor(System.ServiceModel.InstanceContext, System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress)}. Thanks!!

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Comparing 2 columns in the same table with the "Like" function

- by Vic

I'm trying to come up with a way to query the values in two different columns in the same table where the result set will indicate instances where the value of columnB doesn't contain the value of columnA. For example, my "Nodes" table contains columns "NodeName" and "DNS". The values should look similar to the following: NodeName DNS Router1 Router1.mydomain.com I want to run a query to show which rows have a DNS value that does not contain (or begin with) the value of the NodeName field. I think the query should function something similar to the following, but obviously I'm missing something with regard to the use of "Like" in this situation. SELECT NodeName, DNS WHERE DNS NOT LIKE 'NodeName%' I'm using SQL Server 2005, and any suggestions would be greatly appreciated... :)

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Using Build Manager Class to Load ASPX Files and Populate its Controls

- by Sandhurst

I am using BuildManager Class to Load a dynamically generated ASPX File, please note that it does not have a corresponding .cs file. Using Following code I am able to load the aspx file, I am even able to loop through the control collection of the dynamically created aspx file, but when I am assigning values to controls they are not showing it up. for example if I am binding the value "Dummy" to TextBox control of the aspx page, the textbox remains empty. Here's the code that I am using protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { LoadPage("~/Demo.aspx"); } public static void LoadPage(string pagePath) { // get the compiled type of referenced path Type type = BuildManager.GetCompiledType(pagePath); // if type is null, could not determine page type if (type == null) throw new ApplicationException("Page " + pagePath + " not found"); // cast page object (could also cast an interface instance as well) // in this example, ASP220Page is a custom base page System.Web.UI.Page pageView = (System.Web.UI.Page)Activator.CreateInstance(type); // call page title pageView.Title = "Dynamically loaded page..."; // call custom property of ASP220Page //pageView.InternalControls.Add( // new LiteralControl("Served dynamically...")); // process the request with updated object ((IHttpHandler)pageView).ProcessRequest(HttpContext.Current); LoadDataInDynamicPage(pageView); } private static void LoadDataInDynamicPage(Page prvPage) { foreach (Control ctrl in prvPage.Controls) { //Find Form Control if (ctrl.ID != null) { if (ctrl.ID.Equals("form1")) { AllFormsClass cls = new AllFormsClass(); DataSet ds = cls.GetConditionalData("1"); foreach (Control ctr in ctrl.Controls) { if (ctr is TextBox) { if (ctr.ID.Contains("_M")) { TextBox drpControl = (TextBox)ctr; drpControl.Text = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0][ctr.ID].ToString(); } else if (ctr.ID.Contains("_O")) { TextBox drpControl = (TextBox)ctr; drpControl.Text = ds.Tables[1].Rows[0][ctr.ID].ToString(); } } } } } } }

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Cascading input control is empty while accessing a Jasper Report

- by Yogesh R

I call a jasper report through an independent URL through which I pass one of the input controls needed to run the report. E.g. http:// localhost:8080/jasperserver/flow.html?_flowId=viewReportFlow&standAlone=true&reportUnit=xyz&ParentFolderUri=abcd&j_username=xyz&j_password=xyz&parameter1=value1& . . . As you can see in the URL, I pass the JasperServer username and password, reportUnit name and location and other mandatory parameters, along with the report input parameter, i.e., "parameter1" which can have a value like "value1". I used a mandatory, read-only and visible input control for this input value. Its value would come from the URL, showed in the box but was read-only and hence could not be changed. The report was working absolutely fine upto this point. But the tragedy began when my client rejected this idea. He wanted a completely invisible input control to my report and the input value would be passed through the URL, just like illustrated above. And then my client asked me to refer to this and made me work on cascading input controls. Recently I added a cascading input control to this report. The input control type is a single select query, which utilizes two parameters that I pass to the report through the URL. Now when the Jasper server responds to the URL with the input parameters, all the other static parameters work properly, except for the cascaded one. When I click the select box of the cascaded input, I can see the desired options for a second, and then, it just goes empty while I'm viewing the select list. But when I make the "Parameter1" input control visible, the cascading input control works! And then I turn in invisible, the cascading input control turns into a beast that does things by itself and not listen to his master. I am not able to understand why this is happening. Could anybody please provide me a solution to this?

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Intercept Properties With Castle Windsor IInterceptor

- by jeffn825

Does anyone have a suggestion on a better way to intercept a properties with Castle DynamicProxy? Specifcally, I need the PropertyInfo that I'm intercepting, but it's not directly on the IInvocation, so what I do is: public static PropertyInfo GetProperty(this MethodInfo method) { bool takesArg = method.GetParameters().Length == 1; bool hasReturn = method.ReturnType != typeof(void); if (takesArg == hasReturn) return null; if (takesArg) { return method.DeclaringType.GetProperties() .Where(prop => prop.GetSetMethod() == method).FirstOrDefault(); } else { return method.DeclaringType.GetProperties() .Where(prop => prop.GetGetMethod() == method).FirstOrDefault(); } } Then in my IInterceptor: #region IInterceptor Members public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation) { bool doSomething = invocation.Method.GetProperty().GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<SomeAttribute>().Count() > 0; } #endregion Thanks.

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Help Understanding Function

- by Fred F.

What does the following function perform? public static double CleanAngle(double angle) { while (angle < 0) angle += 2 * System.Math.PI; while (angle > 2 * System.Math.PI) angle -= 2 * System.Math.PI; return angle; } This is how it is used with ATan2. I believe the actually values passed to ATan2 are always positive. static void Main(string[] args) { int q = 1; //'x- and y-coordinates will always be positive values //'therefore, do i need to "clean"? foreach (Point oPoint in new Point[] { new Point(8,20), new Point(-8,20), new Point(8,-20), new Point(-8,-20)}) { Debug.WriteLine(Math.Atan2(oPoint.Y, oPoint.X), "unclean " + q.ToString()); Debug.WriteLine(CleanAngle(Math.Atan2(oPoint.Y, oPoint.X)), "cleaned " + q.ToString()); q++; } //'output //'unclean 1: 1.19028994968253 //'cleaned 1: 1.19028994968253 //'unclean 2: 1.95130270390726 //'cleaned 2: 1.95130270390726 //'unclean 3: -1.19028994968253 //'cleaned 3: 5.09289535749705 //'unclean 4: -1.95130270390726 //'cleaned 4: 4.33188260327232 }

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Initialize Pointer Through Function

- by SoulBeaver

I was browsing my teacher's code when I stumbled across this: Order* order1 = NULL; then order1 = order(customer1, product2); which calls Order* order(Customer* customer, Product* product) { return new Order(customer, product); } This looks like silly code. I'm not sure why, but the teacher initialized all pointers to NULL instead of declaring them right away(looking at the code it's entirely possible, but he chose not to). My question is: is this good or acceptable code? Does the function call have any benefits over calling a constructor explicitely? And how does new work in this case? Can I imagine the code now as kind of like: order1 = new Order(customer, product);

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Object not disposed after calling the Dispose() function.

- by Pavan Navali

Hi, I have query regarding the disposing of an object. The scenario is as follows. In a Desktop Appication, developed in C#, I have a function in which a object in created like this. namespace Class 1 { variables section; .... .... Function1() { local variables; try { Object1 obj = new Object1(); .... .... if(true) { .... } else { **obj.Dispose();** } } catch() {} finally {} } } The object is not disposed when the else part is executed. The msdn link for this is http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.componentmodel.component.dispose(VS.90).aspx according to which the component should realase all the resources used by it. I would like to know, why the object is not disposed. Thank you. Pavan Navali.

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Finding missing symbols in libstd++ on Debian/squeeze

- by Florian Le Goff

I'm trying to use a pre-compiled library provided as a .so file. This file is dynamically linked against a few librairies : $ ldd /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so linux-gate.so.1 = (0xb770d000) libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2 = not found libm.so.6 = /lib/i686/cmov/libm.so.6 (0xb75e1000) libc.so.6 = /lib/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 (0xb7499000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb770e000) libgcc_s.so.1 = /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0xb747c000) Unfortunately, in Debian/squeeze, there is no libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.* file. Only a libstdc++.so.* file provided by the libstdc++6 package. I tried to link (using ln -s) libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2 to the libstdc++.so.6 file. It does not work, a batch of symbols seems to be lacking when I'm trying to ld my .o files with this lib. /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `__builtin_vec_delete' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `istrstream::istrstream(int, char const *, int)' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `__rtti_user' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `__builtin_new' /usr/local/test/lib/libtest.so: undefined reference to `istream::ignore(int, int)' What would you do ? How may I find in which lib those symbols are exported ?

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Advantages/disadvantages of Python and Ruby

- by Seburdis

I know this is going to seem a little like all the other python vs ruby question out there, but I'm not looking specifically to pick one over the other all the time. My question is, essentially, why would you use one language over the other when you are starting a new project? What features does ruby have that python doesn't that would make you decide on it for a given project? What about python over ruby? I was just recently thinking about the differentiation between the two languages because of Jamis Buck's "There is no magic, only awesome" series of articles (4 parts, available here) when I realized I really don't know enough about the two languages to know when to choose one over the other. I'm hoping to get objective answers from people who have experience with both languages, rather than just "python is better, ruby sucks" kind of responses. If you know of a feature in one language that doesn't exist in the other and is great in a certain situation, feel free to chime in and say why you think it's awesome. If you have another language comparable to these that you'd like to suggest pros/cons for, like groovy for example, that would be appreciated too. Some thing I know each language has going for it: Ruby: Awesome metaprogramming Great community Wide selection of Gems Rails Great code readability, usually MacRuby is great for native development on Mac without objc Amazing testing tools (cucumber, rspec, shoulda, autotest, etc.) Python: Whitespace indentation List comprehensions Better functional programming support? Lots of support on linux Easy_install isn't far from gems Great variety of libraries available

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Setting the colour scheme for a Silverlight app from an external resource

- by Alex Angas

I have a Silverlight 3 application containing six custom user controls. I'd like to load the colour scheme for these controls from an external resource. The code and XAML containing a default colour scheme would be built in the XAP. Then a parameter on the object tag would contain a URL from where alternate colours can be dynamically loaded. By the way, the Silverlight 3 application theme feature could be used if that's possible but is really overkill. Only colours need to be changed. Is this possible and how would you recommend to do it?

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Clojure: Equivalent to Common Lisp READ function?

- by jkndrkn

Hi there. When I want to read in an S-expression stored in a file into a running Common Lisp program, I do the following: (defun load-file (filename) "Loads data corresponding to a s-expression in file with name FILENAME." (with-open-file (stream filename) (read stream))) If, for example, I have a file named foo.txt that contains the S-expression (1 2 3), the above function will return that S-expression if called as follows: (load-file "foo.txt"). I've been searching and searching and have not found an equally elegant solution in Clojure. Any ideas? Thanks!

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PHP incomplete code - scan dir, include only if name starts or end with x

- by Adrian M.

I posted a question before but I am yet limited to mix the code without getting errors.. I'm rather new to php :( ( the dirs are named in series like this "id_1_1" , "id_1_2", "id_1_3" and "id_2_1" , "id_2_2", "id_2_3" etc.) I have this code, that will scan a directory for all the files and then include a same known named file for each of the existing folders.. the problem is I want to modify a bit the code to only include certain directories which their names: ends with "_1" starts with "id_1_" I want to create a page that will load only the dirs that ends with "_1" and another file that will load only dirs that starts with "id_1_".. <?php include_once "$root/content/common/header.php"; include_once "$root/content/common/header_bc.php"; include_once "$root/content/" . $page_file . "/content.php"; $page_path = ("$root/content/" . $page_file); $includes = array(); $iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator( new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($page_path), RecursiveIteratorIterator::SELF_FIRST); foreach($iterator as $file) { if($file->isDir()) { $includes[] = strtoupper($file . '/template.php'); } } $includes = array_reverse($includes); foreach($includes as $file){ include $file; } include_once "$root/content/common/footer.php"; ?> Many Thanks!

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Generic function to handle DataType Conversion

- by Tommo1977

I have the following function in C#, that I want to pass a MySQL DataReader value/object. If the value of the object passed is a DBNull I need to handle it and return a Null value of that data type e.g null int. Otherwise I want to convert the returned value like Convert.ToInt32(value) or similar. public static T ConvertFromDB<T>(object value) { return value == DBNull.Value ? default(T) : (T)value; } Can anyone offer any help on this ?

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Function with missing return value, behavior at runtime

- by nabulke

As expected, the compiler (VisualStudio 2008) will give a warning warning C4715: 'doSomethingWith' : not all control paths return a value when compiling the following code: int doSomethingWith(int value) { int returnValue = 3; bool condition = false; if(condition) // returnValue += value; // DOH return returnValue; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int foo = 10; int result = doSomethingWith(foo); return 0; } But the program runs just fine. The return value of function doSomethingWith() is 0. Is is just undefined behavior, or is there a certain rule how the result value is created/computed at runtime. What happens with non-POD datatypes as return value?

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Using AJAX to load WordPress pages

- by Wade D Ouellet

Hi, I am trying to get it so that when a link is clicked in my WordPress template, it will load that page content with AJAX without changing the page. It needs to load dynamically into my content area depending on which link is clicked. I have never used AJAX before so I would love it if someone could help me out or point me in the right direction. Thanks, Wade

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