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• Double root folder vs single root folder

  - by Tomas

  On my Linux box, in bash, I have access to a "double root" folder denoted by two forward slashes: tomas:~ $ cd / tomas:/ $ ls bin/ cdrom@ ... tomas:/ $ cd // tomas:// $ ls bin/ cdrom@ ... The content of the folder and its subfolder is identical to the "normal" single slash root. The double slash does not go away when I access its subfolders. The annomaly does not repeat itself with three or more slashes; these are simple synonyms for the root: tomas:// $ cd home/tomas tomas://home/tomas $ cd /// tomas:/ $ cd //// tomas:/ $ What kindof place is it? Is it a bug? Can anyone explain the annomaly?

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• Windows 2008 R2: can't extend C drive, mystery partitions

  - by wfaulk

  I have a Windows 2008 R2 server running under VMware ESX 4.0.0. I have reallocated disk space to it in order to extend the C drive, but Disk Management has "Extend Volume" greyed out. DISKPART shows more partitions than Disk Management shows, including one after the volume I'm trying to extend, which would explain why Disk Management isn't allowing the extension. Disk Management shows: System Reserved / 100MB NTFS / Healthy (System) (C:) / 39.39 GB NTFS / Healthy (Boot, Page File, Crash Dump) 10.00 GB / Unallocated DISKPART shows: Partition 1 Dynamic Data 992 KB 31 KB Partition 2 Dynamic Data 100 MB 1024 KB Partition 3 Dynamic Data 39 GB 101 MB Partition 4 Dynamic Data 1024 KB 39 GB My question at this point is: what the heck are partitions 1 and 4, where did they come from, why doesn't Disk Management show them, and, most importantly, can I delete partition 4 in order to extend partition 3?

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• PowerShell filter vs. function

  - by Marcel Janus

  I'm reading currently the Windows PowerShell 3.0 Step by Step book to get some more insights to PowerShell. On page 201 the author demonstrates that a filter is faster than the function with the same functionally. This script takes 2.6 seconds on his computer: MeasureaddOneFilter.ps1 Filter AddOne { "add one filter" $_ + 1 } and this one 4.6 seconds MeasureaddOneFunction.ps1 Function AddOne { "Add One Function" While ($input.moveNext()) { $input.current + 1 } } If I run this code is get the exact opposite of his result: .\MeasureAddOneFilter.ps1 Days : 0 Hours : 0 Minutes : 0 Seconds : 0 Milliseconds : 226 Ticks : 2266171 TotalDays : 2,62288310185185E-06 TotalHours : 6,29491944444444E-05 TotalMinutes : 0,00377695166666667 TotalSeconds : 0,2266171 TotalMilliseconds : 226,6171 .\MeasureAddOneFunction.ps1 Days : 0 Hours : 0 Minutes : 0 Seconds : 0 Milliseconds : 93 Ticks : 933649 TotalDays : 1,08061226851852E-06 TotalHours : 2,59346944444444E-05 TotalMinutes : 0,00155608166666667 TotalSeconds : 0,0933649 TotalMilliseconds : 93,3649 Can someone explain this to me?

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• What is meant by the terms CPU, Core, Die and Package?

  - by lovesh

  Now this might sound like too many previous questions, but I am really confused about these terms. I was trying to understand how "dual core" is different from "Core 2 Duo", and I came across some answers. For example, this answer states: Core 2 Duo has two cores inside a single physical package and dual core is 2 cpu in a package 2 cpu's in a die = 2 cpu's made together 2 cpu's in package = 2 cpu's on small board or linked in some way Now, is a core different from a CPU? What I understand is there is something that does all the heavy computation, decision making, math and other stuff (aka "processing") is called a CPU. Now what is a Core? And what is a processor when somebody says he has got a Core 2 Duo? And in this context what is a Package and what is a Die? I still don't understand the difference between Core 2 Duo and Dual Core. And can somebody explain hyper-threading (symmetric multi-threading) too if they are super generous?

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• yum / rpm / make | When to use which one

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am new to Linux and am running CentOs. When I want to update or install certain software I came across three ways. Sometimes it's: yum install program rpm -i program.rpm wget program.tar.gz unpack ./configure make make install That last one is a real pain, esp when you come from windows where a program install is usually one click and then a nice guide. Now can someone please explain to me: Why are there so many different ways to do this? Which one do you recommend to use and why? Are there any other ways for installing programs?

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• Bypass spam check for Auth users in postfix

  - by magiza83

  I would like to know if there is any option to "FILTER" auth users in postfix. Let me explain me better, I have the amavis and dspam services between postfix(25) and postfix(10026) but I would like to avoid this check if the users are authenticated. postfix(25)->policyd(10031)->amavis(10024)->postfix(10025)->dspam(dspam.sock)->postfix(10026)--->cyrus | /|\ |________auth users______________________________________________________________| my conf is: main.cf ... smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10040, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_rbl_client multi.uribl.com, reject_rbl_client dsn.rfc-ignorant.org, reject_rbl_client dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client ix.dnsbl.manitu.net, reject_rbl_client combined.rbl.msrbl.net, reject_rbl_client rabl.nuclearelephant.com, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031, permit_mynetworks, reject ... I would like something like "FILTER smtp:localhost:10026" in case they are authenticated, because in my actual configuration i'm only avoiding policyd, but not amavis and dspam. Thanks.

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• Automating Disk Cleanup on Windows using commands

  - by Ram

  Hi, I asked this question on MSDN forum but there was no response.. Maybe I had posted in the wrong forum... So I'm posting it again here, hoping that someone might be able to help me out here... I am trying to run Disk Cleanup in the command prompt (and through a C# program) and so I went through all the available options from this link : http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315246 While I am just trying to understand what I can do, it would be good if someone could explain why the drive option /d cannot be set while specifying /sagerun:n Or is it possible, by some way, to run /sagerun for a specific drive? Pls suggest... Thanks, Ram

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• Unexpected behavior in Bash

  - by cYrus

  From man bash: A simple command is a sequence of optional variable assignments followed by blank-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a control operator. The first word specifies the command to be executed, and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command. So it's perfectly legal to write: foo=bar echo $foo but it doesn't work as I expect (it prints just a newline). It's quite strange to me since: $ foo=bar printenv foo=bar TERM=rxvt-unicode [...] Could someone please explain me where I'm doing wrong?

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• McAfee Secure Messaging Service / Postini: false positive?

  - by Martin

  Hello, I'm puzzled by this email message that gets quarantined by McAfee Secure Messaging Service (it's based on Postini) for no reason that I can think of. Here are the Postini headers: X-pstn-2strike: clear X-pstn-neptune: 0/0/0.00/0 X-pstn-levels: (S: 0.02932/98.63596 CV:99.9000 FC:95.5390 LC:95.5390 R:95.9108 P:95.9108 M:97.0282 C:98.6951 ) X-pstn-settings: 3 (1.0000:1.0000) s cv gt3 gt2 gt1 r p m c X-pstn-addresses: from [db-null] X-pstn-disposition: quarantine I read the docs (http://www.mcafee-sms.com/webdocs/admin%5Fee%5Fmcafee/wwhelp/wwhimpl/common/html/wwhelp.htm?context=MACAFFHelp&file=header%5Foverview.html#951634) and in short, the x-pstn-settings header tells me that NONE of the filters was triggered, but the x-pstn-levels header tells me that the final score (0.02932) is low enough to classify the email as bulk/spam. Can anyone explain to me why the final score is so low when none of the filters were triggered? Does anyone have any suggestions on how to prevent this from happening? Regards, Martin

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• Permission denied message when starting gfs2

  - by sashang

  Can anyone please explain why I get this permission denied error? I try starting the script and it fails with a permission denied message. So I create a copy of it and run that instead and that works. [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/gfs2 stop Unmounting GFS2 filesystem (/drbd): [ OK ] [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/gfs2 start Mounting GFS2 filesystem (/drbd): gfs_controld join connect error: Permission denied error mounting lockproto lock_dlm [FAILED] [root@node2 ~]# cp /etc/init.d/gfs2 /etc/init.d/gfs2_test [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/gfs2_test start Mounting GFS2 filesystem (/drbd): [ OK ] [root@node2 ~]# [root@node2 ~]# ls -l /etc/init.d/gfs2* -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3365 Jan 15 12:11 /etc/init.d/gfs2 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3365 Jan 15 12:19 /etc/init.d/gfs2_test [root@node2 ~]#

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• OpenGL - What softwares are needed to learn Open GL on Osx

  - by sugar

  I strongly believe that - my question isn't related to programing, so that I asked my question here ( super user ). Here, I am not asking what links should I follow to learn OpenGL. I am asking that - What software are needed for learning Open Gl? Let me explain more briefly, I want to learn openGL for iPhone game development. Tools for creating 3D objects which are preferable tools are targeted for osx would be preferable. In short I would like to know, The list of application which are used by iPhone professional game developers on osx. Thanks in advance for sharing your knowledge. Please add comment before down voting. Sagar.

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• apticron, apt-get dist-upgrade and aptitude

  - by Kai

  I'm confused, on my debian server I've gotten the daily "updates available" message by apticron. I normally then just use aptitude to install the upgrades. Today I got a message which shows two upgrades. But they don't show up in aptitude. When I do a apt-get dist-upgrade they show up as "NEW" packages to be installed. aptitude dist-upgrade seems to ignore them. Can anyone explain to me why this is happening and how to get rid of the messages (It doesn't seem like I really need the new packages)

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• How to redirect the output of the vmrun listProcessesInGuest command on windows?

  - by mark

  I run vmrun.exe with listProcessesInGuest on the command line and get the list of processes displayed in the console window. The exact command line is: "C:\VIX\vmrun.exe" -T vc -h "https://myserver/sdk" -u "mydomain\myuser" -p 123 -gu Administrator -gp 123 listProcessesInGuest "[Storage1] QA-W-7-SP1-64-0/QA-W-7-SP1-64-0.vmx" It works fine. Now I wish to redirect the output, however, neither 2> nor 1> work! The former has no effect - the output is still displayed in the console window, so I conclude it is send to stdout. But the latter does not work too - now nothing is displayed in the console window, but the redirection file is empty! It is created all right, but it has the zero size! Can someone explain what is going on?

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• Hyper-V Cluster with failover - NETWORKING

  - by Adam

  Hi We are looking to setup a 3 node Hyper-V cluster with live migration and failover using: 3 x Dell R710's with dual quad core Xeon & 128 GB RAM & 6 NICs in each 1 x Dell MD 3220i SAN We will be running this setup from a data center and so co-locating our kit. Can anybody explain how we should setup the network connections to make the system redundant? We have looked into this great article but are not sure how to get a 3 server setup correctly and reliably: http://faultbucket.ca/2011/01/hyper-v-failover-cluster-setup/. I believe we need network connections for: live migration, heartbeat, management, hyper-v etc. I assume as we are running it from a DC all IPs will have to be public IPs? Are AD servers will be VMs. One on each Hyper-V server and setup not to be HA.

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• DNS A vs NS record

  - by Tiddo

  I'm trying to understand DNS a bit better, but I still don't get A and NS records completely. As far as I understood, the A record tells which IP-address belongs to a (sub) domain, so far it was still clear to me. But as I understood, the NS record tells which nameserver points belongs to a (sub) domain, and that nameserver should tell which IP-address belongs to a (sub) domain. But that was already specified in the A record in the same DNS file. So can someone explain to me what the NS records and nameservers exactly do, because probably I understood something wrong. edit: As I understand you correctly, a NS record tells you were to find the DNS server with the A record for a certain domain, and the A record tells you which ip-address belongs to a domain. But what is the use of putting an A and an NS record in the same DNS file? If there is already an A record for a certain domain, then why do you need to point to another DNS server, which would probably give you the same information?

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• DB2 users and groups

  - by Arun Srini

  Just want to know everyone's experience and take on managing users/authentication on a multi-node db2 cluster with users groups. I have 17 apps in production (project based company, only 2 online apps), and some 30 users with 7 groups. prodsel - group that has select privilege on all tables produpdt - update group on selective tables (as required by the apps) proddel - delete prodins - insert permissions for the group Now what my company does is when an app uses certain user (called app1user), and needs select and insert privilege on a table, they 1. grant select and insert for prodsel, prodins respectively 2. add the user under those two groups... now this creates one to many relationship between user and privileges, and this app1user also gets select on other tables granted for the prodsel group. I know this is wrong. Before I explain, I need to know how this is done elsewhere. Please share your experiences, even if you use other Databases that uses OS level authentication.

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• sql and web encoding problem

  - by Marki

  Guys, I've got an encoding problem I believe. I have upgraded from phpBB2 to phpBB3. The old databases were in latin1, the new ones have utf8 encoding. Already during the upgrade process some rows of the DB were only read partly into the new version, because of strange characters as it turned out. When I use PHP's mb_convert_encoding() function to convert those strings to UTF8 they end up e.g. as 0x0093, i.e. they must have been some kind of double quotes. Even after doing this conversion, they still show up as 0x0093 in the browser (the squares with 0093 in them when the browser does not know what to display). Can someone explain the problem here? I'm a little confused and afraid I don't see all the dependencies that need to work to have the correct encodings and the correct display thereof...

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• How do I configure an ordinary TV remote control to work with lirc on Linux?

  - by Allan Lewis

  I am running MythTV on Ubuntu 9.10 and I would like to use a TV remote to control it. I know that lirc needs a configuration file for the remote, but none of my remotes is in the official database. If I point a remote at the receiver on my TV card (a Pinnacle PCTV "Solo", model 72e) and press a button, dmesg logs the code generated by the remote, so I assume I just have to make a config file with a list of commands assigned to these codes. I've read a few how-tos but I still don't understand exactly how to create the config file. Some of the guides I've read refer to IR receivers on TV cards working at a "higher level of abstraction", which I take to mean that they decode the signal and provide a code, like the ones I can see in dmesg, rather than just giving raw data, but none of them explain where to go from there! Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• Is there a way to bridge two outgoing TCP connections in order to bypass firewalls and NAT?

  - by TK Kocheran

  We're all familiar with the problem of port-forwarding and NAT: if you want to expose something to accepting an incoming connection, you need to configure port-forwarding on the router or conjure up some other black magickery to "punch holes" in the firewall using UDP or something. I'm fairly new to the whole "hole-punching" concept so could someone explain how it works? Essentially, I'd like to understand how hole-punching would work and the theory behind it, as well as if two TCP connections could be bridged via a third party. Since there's no issue with outgoing TCP connections since it's handled with NAT, could a third party bridge the connections so that the two parties are still connected but without the bandwidth cost of traffic going through the third party?

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• what is mda (fetchmail) and mta (sendmail)?

  - by ajsie

  i have read some articles about mda and mta but still don't have a hang on it. what is exactly is the difference between a mda like fetchmail and a mta like sendmail. in my computer, do i have to have a mta installed? if im using Apple Mail to send messages, is it using a mta application in my computer to send the mail? where does it send the mail? and if i receive mails with it, does it receives it with mda installed in my computer? would be great if someone could explain how it works for me, or give me good links to good tutorials. thanks

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• Can't communicate with Primary DNS Server

  - by horsley

  A computer, with Windows 7, can't access any website by domain suddenly. Whether this computer use a wired link or connect to the WLAN, The fault persists IP and DNS obtained automatically, and seems normal (ipconfig /all return the correct info) I can visit websites by using HTTP proxy The DNS server is available, other computer in my room works properly. I can ping myself, the gateway and any other IP, but domains I can use nslookup and obtain the correct IP info There are some error information in the event log about dns client events explaining the client can not verify the DNS server available Windows network diagnosis explain that Windows can't communicate with the device or resource (Primary DNS Server) I guess the dns client should be blame. I tried to do the following things but the fault persist. Reinstall the driver of network adapter Reset TCP/IP (netsh int ip reset) Reset Winsock (netsh winsock reset) Reset LSP I don't want to reinstall the whole os, what should I do?

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• My (C:) drive changed from Basic to Dynamic, is this bad?

  - by bbman225

  I'm really worried here. My computer still runs, so I take this as a good sign, however let me explain my situation: I am trying to install Ubuntu Linux, and the installer was having problems, so I went back into the partitioning tool on my Windows 7 (after having successfully shrunken my C drive and created 55 GB unallocated space) and I attempted to create a new partition out of the 55 GB and make it a simple NTFS drive so that I could let the installer wipe it clean again and format it in whatever file system it prefers. Now, after googling it and running through the process I noticed that all of my drives, including the C drive and the one I just made changed from type "Basic" to type "Dynamic." What is a dynamic drive and should I be worried?

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• Explanation of command to uppercase the first letter of a filename

  - by hazielquake

  I'm trying to learn to rename files with the command line, and after browsing around a lot of pages I finally found a command that uppercases the first letter of a file, but the problem is that I want to understand the meaning of each command. The command is: for i in *; do new=`echo "$i" | sed -e 's/^./\U&/'`; mv "$i" "$new";done I understand the 'for' kinda... but not the 'echo' or '`' and especially the sed command. if someone has a little patience to explain the meaning of each thing that'd be awesome! Thanks!

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• How does syslog-ng handles flush_lines(0) ?

  - by Luke404

  I wanted to make sure my syslog-ng was doing async logging. Reading through the documentation I see the flush_lines() option for file() destinations, if unspecified, will use the global default. Then I see that the global setting defaults to 0 but it doesn't explain what that means. Is it going to do synchronous logging when set to 0? is it going to buffer an unlimited number of lines (flushing just every flush_timeout() number of seconds)? is it going to bite me?

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• Latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks

  - by aix

  What resources (books, Web pages etc) would you recommend that: explain the causes of latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks; mention tools for looking out for things that cause latency (e.g. certain entries in netstat -s); suggest ways to tweak the Linux TCP stack to reduce TCP latency (Nagle, socket buffers etc). The closest I am aware of is this document, but it's rather brief. Alternatively, you're welcome to answer the above questions directly. edit To be clear, the question isn't just about "abnormal" latency, but about latency in general. Additionally, it is specifically about TCP/IP-over-Ethernet and not about other protocols (even if they have better latency characteristics.)

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