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• ghettoVCB issue

  - by romgo75

  I have setup a ghettoVCB script in order to backup three VM. I put it in a crontab but I have an issue. In my backup folder I have 3 different folders, one for each VM. In each folder I have the following files: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1263 Mar 17 01:51 vm1-2010-03-16--2.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1263 Mar 17 00:41 vm1-2010-03-16--3.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1261 Mar 18 01:22 vm1-2010-03-17--1.gz drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 980 Mar 19 23:39 vm1-2010-03-19 The problem is the last folder. It seems that a backup didn't finish the process. When I read the logs concerning this folder I get: 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_VOLUME = /vmfs/volumes/datastore1/backup/ 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = 3 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = zeroedthick 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - ADAPTER_FORMAT = buslogic 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN = 3 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT = 5 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT = 15 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - LOG_LEVEL = info 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - BACKUP_LOG_OUTPUT = stdout 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP = all http://... 2010-03-19 23:39:35 -- info: Initiate backup for vm1 2010-03-19 23:39:35 -- info: Creating Snapshot "ghettoVCB-snapshot-2010-03-19" for vm1 Destination disk format: VMFS zeroedthick Cloning disk '/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/vm1/vm1_1.vmdk'... ^MClone: 0% done.^MClone: 1% done.^MClone: 2% done.^MClone: 3% done.^MClone: 4% done.^MClone: 5% done.^MClone: 6% done.^MClone: 7% done.^MClone: 8% done.^MClone: 9% done.^MClone Failed to clone disk : The file already exists (39). Destination disk format: VMFS zeroedthick Cloning disk '/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/vm1/vm1.vmdk'... 2010-03-20 00:46:20 -- info: Removing snapshot from vm1 ... one: 7% done.^MClone: 8% done.^MClone: 9% done.^MClone: 10% done.^MClone: 11% done.^MClone: 12% done.^MClone: 13% done.^MClone: 14% done.^MClone: 15% done.^MClone: 16% done.^MCl 2010-03-19 23:51:19 -- info: Removing snapshot from vm1 ... I can't run ghettoVCB anymore because the VM has a snapshot which has not been deleted. I know how to delete the snapshot, but I don't know why the VCB script is not able to handle rotation of the VM backups? Any ideas? Thanks!

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• ghettoVCB issue

  - by romgo75

  Hi, I setup ghettoVCB script in order to backup 3 VM. I put it in a crontab but I have an issue. In my backup folder I have 3 different folder, one for each VM. For each Folder I have th following files : -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1263 Mar 17 01:51 vm1-2010-03-16--2.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1263 Mar 17 00:41 vm1-2010-03-16--3.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1261 Mar 18 01:22 vm1-2010-03-17--1.gz drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 980 Mar 19 23:39 vm1-2010-03-19 The problem is the last folder. It seems that a backup didn't finished the process. When I read the logs concerned by this folder I get : 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_VOLUME = /vmfs/volumes/datastore1/backup/ 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = 3 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = zeroedthick 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - ADAPTER_FORMAT = buslogic 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN = 3 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT = 5 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT = 15 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - LOG_LEVEL = info 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - BACKUP_LOG_OUTPUT = stdout 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = 0 2010-03-19 23:00:01 -- info: CONFIG - VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP = all http://... 2010-03-19 23:39:35 -- info: Initiate backup for vm1 2010-03-19 23:39:35 -- info: Creating Snapshot "ghettoVCB-snapshot-2010-03-19" for vm1 Destination disk format: VMFS zeroedthick Cloning disk '/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/vm1/vm1_1.vmdk'... ^MClone: 0% done.^MClone: 1% done.^MClone: 2% done.^MClone: 3% done.^MClone: 4% done.^MClone: 5% done.^MClone: 6% done.^MClone: 7% done.^MClone: 8% done.^MClone: 9% done.^MClone Failed to clone disk : The file already exists (39). Destination disk format: VMFS zeroedthick Cloning disk '/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/vm1/vm1.vmdk'... 2010-03-20 00:46:20 -- info: Removing snapshot from vm1 ... one: 7% done.^MClone: 8% done.^MClone: 9% done.^MClone: 10% done.^MClone: 11% done.^MClone: 12% done.^MClone: 13% done.^MClone: 14% done.^MClone: 15% done.^MClone: 16% done.^MCl 2010-03-19 23:51:19 -- info: Removing snapshot from vm1 ... I can't run anymore ghetto VCB because the VM has a snapshot which has not been deleted. I know how to delete the snapshot, but I don't know why the VCB script is not able to handle vm abckup rotate ? Any idea ? Thanks !

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• Windows 7 external 2.5 hard drive read write permissions format

  - by user76918

  Working with Windows 7 professional. While trying to format western digital 250GB sata laptop drive; receiving error not initialized. Went to elevated command line to diskpart to clean all; received error message write protected. Went to Disk Management & Virtual disk drive shows as disk 2 not initialized. No format options available greyed out. Went back to command line tried to see attributes disk is read only. How do I take owner ship to change the permissions & format.

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• Lost partition after restarting

  - by nxhoaf

  I have Window 7 Professional Service pack installed in my Laptop Lenovo Thinkpad t420. After formatting the disk, and install Window 7 (detailed as above), I went to Computer -- Manager -- Storage -- Disk Management to split my 300gb C partition into 2 partition: C (which is 162gb) E (which is 140gb) Is work fine for about 2 days. Today, when I turn on my computer, I'm very suprise that the E partition is disappear. I can surely confirm that I didn't do any stupid thing yesterday. And before I shut down my computer, everything was fine. In general, here is what I did during the last today (from the point that I formatted the disk, and installed Window) Format 300gb hard disk Install window 7 Install eclipse, db2, .... ( I'm a developer) Install some other tools (Open office, Skype...) Install PGP (http://www.symantec.com/encryption) <--- I'm forced to used that due to my company policy Use Computer -- Manager -- Storage -- Disk Management to split my 300gb C partition into 2 partition as described above. It worked quite well for two last days. Until day... Can you please help me to recover my lost partition ? Thank you! For more info, here is my partition info: You can also see the image here

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• How to do an automated installation of Ubuntu on 100 Remote machines?

  - by user40876

  Help!  I desperately need some advice / help... I want an automated install (via CD or USB) of Ubuntu 10.04 ...on 100 remote machines located all over the country, using a Kickstart configuration file accessible from my web server. How do I create the boot CD (or USB)? How do I specifically add the boot parameters to that boot CD (or USB) to tell it the URL to use for it's automated Kickstart install?

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• Switching BIOS SATA RAID/AHCI setting causes BSOD at Windows Start - Why?

  - by thephatp

  I just changed my disk setup from: 1 SATA HDD Primary OS Disk 2x SATA HDD Backup Disks in RAID 1 TO: 1 SATA SSD Primary OS Disk 1 SATA HDD Backup Disk [No RAID] Everything worked great, no problem. So, since I don't have a RAID array anymore, I decided that I could change my BIOS setting to AHCI instead of RAID. I have a Gigabyte GA-P35-DS3R v1.0 mobo. These are my steps: Settings Integrated Peripherals "SATA RAID/AHCI Mode" = RAID -- Changed this setting to AHCI Reboot Windows Start screen shows up, but as the color orbs are spinning into focus, BSOD and immediate restart Repeated reboot several times, same outcome Next Step: Launch BIOS settings Integrated Peripherals "Onboard SATA/IDE Ctrl Mode" = RAID -- Changed this setting to AHCI Reboot Windows Start screen shows up, but as the color orbs are spinning into focus, BSOD and immediate restart Repeated reboot several times, same outcome Switch both settings back to RAID, reboot, and Windows starts up just fine, no issues. What am I missing? Why can't I set it to AHCI mode without BSODs?

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• How do I use a self encrypting drive?

  - by Unique_Key

  I recently purchased a Micron RealSSD c400 self encrypting drive, and I am having a few issues when trying to get it recognized by my laptop (HP Elitebook 8440p running Windows 7 x64; also tried on a custom-built desktop). When I try to initialize the drive from disk management, I get a CRC error; also, when attempting to partition it from Windows setup, the program can't create the partitions. I also tried with UBCD, nothing. I assume this is due to drive security, but I haven't been able to find much information about this online; do I need a management software or something? I'm completely stumped here. EDIT As requested, when I try partitioning the device from Windows setup I get a 0x80300024 error; when I try initializing it from disk management, I get a "Data error (cyclic redundancy check)" message, and the event log shows the following under System: Source: VDS Basic Provider, message: unexpected failure. error code 490@01010004 (2x) Source: Virtual Disk Service, message: VDS fails to write boot code on a disk during clean operation. Error code: 80070001@02070008 (1x) Source: Disk, message: The device \Device\Harddisk2\DR2 has a bad block (2x) The security logs show nothing related. Also, when attempting to configure it from UBCD (utility: HDAT2), I get an error along the lines of "can't edit partition information" or something to that tune.

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• Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS on Hyper-V 2012

  - by user137533

  I have the following scenario: Hyper-V 2012 server core installation. On top of this i created a virtual machine on which i tried installing Ubuntu Server 12.04 which should not have any compatibility issues according to what Microsoft and Ubuntu are saying (although it is not officially supported). I start, run the installation and everything is ok, no problems detecting the network device or the hard drive (unlike debian which didn't even detect the hard drive). Once the installation is complete it asks me to reboot, it unmounts the "dvd drive" and reboots. Once it tries to start again i get the following error: Boot failure. Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in the selected Boot device. It seems to not be booting up from the virtual hard drive. The hard drive is set up in SCSI mode, nothing mounted on the IDE controller (no iso image or anything else. Does anyone have any ideas on what i can do to solve this?

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• No device file for partition on logical volume (Linux LVM)

  - by Brian

  I created a logical volume (scandata) containing a single ext3 partition. It is the only logical volume in its volume group (case4t). Said volume group is comprised by 3 physical volumes, which are three primary partitions on a single block device (/dev/sdb). When I created it, I could mount the partition via the block device /dev/mapper/case4t-scandatap1. Since last reboot the aforementioned block device file has disappeared. It may be of note -- I'm not sure -- that my superior (a college professor) had prompted this reboot by running sudo chmod -R [his name] /usr/bin, which obliterated all suid in its path, preventing the both of us from sudo-ing. That issue has been (temporarily) rectified via this operation. Now I'll cut the chatter and get started with the terminal dumps: $ sudo pvs; sudo vgs; sudo lvs Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Scanning for physical volume names PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 case4t lvm2 a- 819.32G 0 /dev/sdb2 case4t lvm2 a- 866.40G 0 /dev/sdb3 case4t lvm2 a- 47.09G 0 Wiping internal VG cache Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "case4t" VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree case4t 3 1 0 wz--n- 1.69T 0 Wiping internal VG cache Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all logical volumes LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert scandata case4t -wi-a- 1.69T Wiping internal VG cache $ sudo vgchange -a y Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:43:14 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "case4t" 1 logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" already active 1 existing logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" monitored Found volume group "case4t" Activated logical volumes in volume group "case4t" 1 logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" now active Wiping internal VG cache $ ls /dev | grep case4t case4t $ ls /dev/mapper case4t-scandata control $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/case4t/scandata Disk /dev/case4t/scandata: 1860.5 GB, 1860584865792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 226203 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00049bf5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/case4t/scandata1 1 226203 1816975566 83 Linux $ sudo parted /dev/case4t/scandata print Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/case4t-scandata: 1861GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 1861GB 1861GB primary ext3 $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 1860.5 GB, 1860593254400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 226204 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000081 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 106955 859116006 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 113103 226204 908491815 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 106956 113102 49375777+ 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order $ sudo parted /dev/sdb print Model: DELL PERC 6/i (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1861GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 880GB 880GB primary reiserfs 3 880GB 930GB 50.6GB primary 2 930GB 1861GB 930GB primary I find it a bit strange that partition one above is said to be reiserfs, or if it matters -- it was previously reiserfs, but LVM recognizes it as a PV. To reiterate, neither /dev/mapper/case4t-scandatap1 (which I had used previously) nor /dev/case4t/scandata1 (as printed by fdisk) exists. And /dev/case4t/scandata (no partition number) cannot be mounted: $sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/case4t/scandata /mnt/new mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/case4t-scandata, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so All I get on syslog is: [170059.538137] VFS: Can't find ext3 filesystem on dev dm-0. Thanks in advance for any help you can offer, Brian P.S. I am on Ubuntu GNU/Linux 2.6.28-11-server (Jaunty) (out of date, I know -- that's on the laundry list).

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• Using mixed disks and OpenFiler to create RAID storage

  - by Cylindric

  I need to improve my home storage to add some resilience. I currently have four disks, as follows: D0: 500Gb (System, Boot) D1: 1Tb D2: 500Gb D3: 250Gb There's a mix of partitions on there, so it's not JBOD, but data is pretty spread out and not redundant. As this is my primary PC and I don't want to give up the entire OS to storage, my plan is to use OpenFiler in a VM to create a virtual SAN. I will also use Windows Software RAID to mirror the OS. Partitions will be created as follows: D0 P1: 100Mb: System-Reserved Boot D0 P2: 50Gb: Virtual Machine VMDKs for OS D0 P3: 350Gb: Data D1 P1: 100Mb: System-Reserved Boot D1 P2: 50Gb: Virtual Machine VMDKs for OS D1 P3: 800Gb: Data D2 P1: 450Gb: Data D3 P1: 200Gb: Data This will result in: Mirrored boot partition Mirrored Operating system Mirrored Virtual machine O/S disks Four partitions for data In the four data partitions I will create several large VMDK files, which I will "mount" into OpenFiler as block-storage devices, combined into three RAID arrays (due to the differing disk sizes) In effect, I'll end up with the following usable partitions SYSTEM 100Mb the small boot partition created by the Windows 7 installer (RAID-1) HOST 50Gb the Windows 7 partition (RAID-1) GUESTS 50Gb Virtual machine Guest VMDK's (RAID-1) VG1 900Gb Volume group consisting of a RAID-5 and two RAID-1 VG2 300Gb Volume group consisting of a single disk On VG1 I can dynamically assign storage for my media, photographs, documents, whatever, and it will be safe. On VG2 I can dynamically assign storage for my data that is not critical, and easily recoverable, as it is not safe. Are there any particular 'gotchas' when implementing a virtual OpenFiler like this? Is the recovery process for a failing disk going to be very problematic? Thanks.

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• Booting large ISO through PXE

  - by Devator

  I currently have a FOG server (which works perfectly fine) and I'm trying to boot Windows 7 through it (with memdisk). But, since the ISO is rather large (more than 6 GB) it will try to put the ISO into memory and then boot however it crashes with the error message not enough memory to load specified image. The systems here don't have 6 GB of RAM so I need another way to boot it. I am aware of WDS and SCCM, however I want todo this with FOG. Is there any way to boot the ISO and install Windows through FOG?

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• Booting Fedora guest VBox on /dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-root

  - by NevilleDNZ

  I already have the following logical volumes: host:/dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-boot (guestOS:/dev/hdb) formatted as ext4 (no partition table) host:/dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-root (guestOS:/dev/hdc) formatted as ext4 (no partition table) Do I have to create the following grub partition to boot a guest VM under VirtualBox? host:/dev/mapper/vg-fc17-mbr (guestOS:/dev/hda) with a partition table and install grub MBR here? Or is there a better way? (Maybe grub on vg0-fc17-boot?)

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• Why after deleting a 110+ GB collection, my /var/lib/mongodb directory still have same size?

  - by tunnuz

  I am having some troubles with MongoDB and space usage. In particular, I once used to have a large collection of about 600 million records totaling 110+ GB on disk. Recently I decided to drop it because the data was outdated, to do so I dropped the collection through rockmongo's web interface. Accordingly, rockmongo doesn't show me the collection anymore, however my disk usage hasn't changed at all. Is there any clean operation which I am not aware of, which must be run in order to synchronize the database with database files on disk? I have tried to perform a "repair" but the system complains that there's not enough space on disk ... that's because it is all used by MongoDB.

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• btrfs: can i create a btrfs file system with data as jbod and metadata mirrored

  - by Yogi

  I am trying to build a home server that will be my NAS/Media server as well a the XBMC front end. I am planning on using Ubuntu with btrfs for the NAS part of it. The current setup consists of 1TB hdd for the OS etc and two 2TB hdd's for data. I plan to have the 2TB hdd's used as JBOD btrfs system in which i can add hdd's as needed later, basically growing the filesystem online. They way I had setup the file system for testing was while installing the OS just have one of the HDD's connected and have btrfs on it mounted as /data. Later on add another hdd to this file system. When the second disk was added btrfs made as RAID 0, with metadata being RAID 1. However, this presents a problem: even if one of the disk fails I loose all my data (mostly media). Also most of the time the server will be running without doing any disk access, i.e. the HDD's can be spun down, when a access request comes in this with the current RAID 0 setup both disks will spin up. in case I manage a JBOD only the disk that has the file needs to be spun up. This should hopefully reduce the MTBF for each disk. So, is there a way in which I can have btrfs setup such that metadata is mirrored but data stays in a JBOD formation? Another question I have is this, I understand that a full drive failure in JBOD will lose data on the drive, but having metadeta mirrored across all drives, will this help the filesytem correct errors that migh creep in (ex bit rot?) and is btrfs capable of doing this.

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• What does "link to unknown" mean?

  - by Question Overflow

  I just upgraded my server to Fedora 17 which made a switch of my bootloader from GRUB Legacy to GRUB2. There are two symbolic links in the /etc folder that points to the files grub.conf and grub.cfg in /boot/grub and /boot/grub2 respectively. Though the targets seem correct, the link icons are displaying an X status which seems to indicate that the links are broken. Upon right-clicking the property type, it states "link to unknown". The file size of the link corresponds exactly with the file size of the target file, so, why does the links appear to be broken? The image of the link icons: As requested, the following are the outputs from the commands: $ ls -l /etc/grub.conf lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 14 2011 /etc/grub.conf -> ../boot/grub/grub.conf $ ls -l /etc/grub2.cfg lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Dec 10 18:57 /etc/grub2.cfg -> ../boot/grub2/grub.cfg

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• GRUB-2 Bootloader fails to load for lack of floppy drive. Ubuntu 10.4 & Windows XP

  - by kammer

  2010.07.21 while trying to install Ubuntu 10.4 Hello all, I've been trying to install Ubuntu 10.04 on my Dell workstation and am unable to get the Grub-2 bootloader to load properly. It seems to be failing for lack of a floppy drive on the system resulting in an error message that reads : error: fd0 cannot get C/H/S values. I've gone through the Grub-2 page at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2 to no avail and other sources having similar problems have likewise turned up no solutions. I would certainly appreciate any insight, here's the background: A while back I was trying to install a different version of Linux and had the same problems, then had to set the project aside for a bit. I don't think this has anything to do with Linux or Ubuntu per se, but rather Grub. The system is an old (4-5 years) Dell workstation that has one drive (128 GB) set up for Windows XP and a second new drive (500GB) which I installed for Linux. There is a DVD/CD drive and the system contains no floppy drive at all. In one attempt to get this working I tried modifying the BIOS to indicate there was a floppy drive - this created a failure earlier in the chain with the BIOS failing to load properly, not unexpected, just a shot in the dark at that point. At the moment I am considering just running out to buy and install a cheap floppy drive to see if that helps. I'll never use the thing though so I'd rather find a solution that doesn't require me to spend money on useless hardware. In any case, here's the /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then saved_entry=${chosen} save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi insmod play play 480 440 1 ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 6ef0d4b4f0d4842d drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### Thoughts anyone? Thanks in advance.

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• Linux and GeForce 8400 dual monitor

  - by Andrea Polci

  I'm trying to install a linux distribution on my PC. I have a GeForce 8400 GS with two connected monitors. I tried with Fedora 12 and Ubuntu 9.10 (both 64 and 32 bit) and the live cd cannot boot properly. I don't get a visible error on Ubuntu, it simply hangs up during the boot. With Fedora I get this error: [drm] Modeset on unsupported output type [drm] Table 0x0000 not found for 1/1 using first I tried to disconnect one of the two monitor and was able to install on my HD and boot from there, but if I try to connect the second monitor again I cannot boot. Do I need to install something else? (a driver for my video card for example).

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• How to unmount a VHD in Windows 7. There is no unmount option.

  - by Triynko

  I mounted a VHD file in Windows 7 using the Disk Manager. Once mounted, there is no option to Unmount it. The only thing close to such an option that I can find is if I click the icon in the taskbar notification area that I use to remove USB devices... there's an option to eject the virtual hard disk. However, when I click that, it says that it's in use and cannot be ejected. Even though... it's not in use, I never even browsed the drive. The disk manager is closed... and the only open files handles to the drive (according to disk performance in task manager) is SYSTEM. Ejecting devices cleanly has been a problem since Windows XP, and it sickens me to see it persist into windows 7.

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• Defragment a file or folder? Windows 7

  - by acidzombie24

  Is there a built-in way to defragment a folder? I am using VM Player so I would like my 3 GB disk image to be defragmented if possible. FYI my disk partition that the image lies in has 12 GB left and has roughly 90% of the disk used. I probably would not need a defrag but I would like to do it if it's possible.

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• Win7 - DVD drive spins up but fails to read, fails write

  - by MA

  Running Windows 7 x64. DVD drive is a BenQ DC DQ60 ATA dvd-dl rw. Everything functions correctly in linux, and I can boot to cd/dvds, so the drive itself does work. Symptom: when I insert any CD or DVD (burned or retail), the drive spins up the disk, and (usually) displays the disk title in My Computer, but just continues to spin indefinitely. I cannot browse the disk in the drive, install from it, or read anything.

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• Is putting the swapfile & temp folder to ramdisk a good idea in Windows 7 64 bit with lots of RAM?

  - by Tony_Henrich

  I want my Windows to run as fast as possible. If I have 12GB RAM in Windows 7 64bit, quad core CPU, and all apps fit in memory, will the swap file ever be used for anything? The question is about if it's a good idea to put the swap file in a RAM disk. Would a RAM disk help in any way or will Windows intelligently use all the available memory for all its work? I am also thinking of putting the temp folder on a RAM disk. I know the RAM disk is volatile memory and I don't care about its content if it gets lost.

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• Partial-stroking / Short-stroking / Half-stroking Hard Drives?

  - by Daniel Magliola

  Could anyone here explain to me what is implied by this term? (I've seen the same thing mentioned with the 3 terms). At first when I read about it, for some reason I understood that it was some way of splitting the bytes across the platters of the disk, which sounded like a good idea and obviously doesn't make sense, because that wouldn't cut disk size in half (and disk are probably already splitting bytes across platters)... The best I've come to understand is that basically instead of creating one partition for the whole size of the disk, you create 2 partitions, and use only one of them, either the one in the "center" or the one in the "rim" of the platters, and since one of the two is faster (people didn't seem to agree on which one was faster), that makes everything better. Am I understanding this correctly? Has anyone tried this with their drives and had a good outcome? Thanks!

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• Windows 8 freezes after every other reboot on Lenovo W520 after about 10 seconds

  - by John Nevermore

  I have a Lenovo W520 laptop with i7-2760QM, intel 520 SSD and Nvidia Quadro 1000m. When i boot the PC with discrete graphics SET in BIOS, the computer totally freezes and the only thing left to do is reboot. This only happens with NVidia drivers for Windows 8 x64 installed (I've tried about 4 different drivers on Nvidia's site). When i boot the PC with integrated graphics set in BIOS, there is a momentary "hickup" after about 10 seconds (instead of freezing) and then everything is working fine. When i boot the PC with discrete graphics ON and no Nvidia drivers installed, the same thing happens as described above with integrated graphics. I've tried doing 1) bcdedit /set disabledynamictick yes 2) Disabling VT-x in BIOS (Seriously would prefer not to disable it, since i use VM-s almost every day) but no dice. The only thing that worked was to enable the Hyper-v feature. I was then able to boot properly with discrete graphics and Nvidia drivers installed, but since i use VMWare for VM development this was no solution (VMWare complained about not being able to launch because of Hyper-v being installed). I followed the instructions in this tutorial, to be able to run VMWare. Then the computer just booted into a black screen past Windows logo. How to boot Windows 8 x64 without freezing with Quadro 1000M enabled, Nvidia Drivers installed and Hyper-v feature preferably disabled ?

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• Resize a RAID 1 volume on OSX Snow Leopard - how? (Note: software raid)

  - by Emmel

  I've scoured the Internet in search of an answer to this question, and as usual with OSX-related topics, I often don't find any deep-dive technical explanations sufficient enough to feel confident doing dangerous things. Here is my question: I have a Mac Pro, running OSX 10.6.2. I have, as my main root/boot disk, a RAID 1 volume called "Mirror1". Mirror1 is comprised of two 1 TB disks. Mirror1, however, is fixed at 640 GB. That's because, I originally took a 640GB disk, bought a terabyte disk, mirrored it (using diskutil appleraid enable...), when it synced I removed the 640GB and replaced it with a second 1 TB disk, and synced again. Voila! A single 640 GB replaced by two 1 TB disks in a mirror.. Actually, no. There's still something missing from the equation: Mirror1 needs to be expanded from 640GB to 1 TB to match the partition sizes on each of those disks. How do I do this? Perhaps the diskutil output will help: -> diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk1s3 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *640.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Mac Disk 2 536.7 GB disk2s2 3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 103.1 GB disk2s3 /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Mirror1 *639.8 GB disk3 -> diskutil appleraid list AppleRAID sets (1 found) =============================================================================== Name: Macintosh HD Unique ID: 1953F864-B474-4EB6-8E69-41834EBD0247 Type: Mirror Status: Online Size: 639.8 GB (639791038464 Bytes) Rebuild: manual Device Node: disk3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Device Node UUID Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 disk1s2 25109BAE-5697-40EA-B612-0217851444F7 Online 1 disk0s2 11B83AB0-8148-4DB6-8761-DEF08C855F8D Online =============================================================================== Thanks in advance.

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• Safer RAID5 rebuilds using partially failed disks?

  - by arcticmac

  There have been lots of articles posted recently about how RAID5 is dangerous because of long resilver times, and in particular because of increasing chances of encountering a URE during the resilver. Obviously this is a significant concern. However, it seems that in many cases of interest (as long as you're keeping some kind of eye on your disks), when it comes time to rebuild the array, the disk that I'm replacing is still mostly readable. If you try to explain this predicament to the average layperson, they are typically very confused as to why you have two almost completely functional disks but can't produce one working array. It seems to me that there ought to be some way to take advantage of this to make rebuilds safer, as long as I'm willing to have the RAID5 be read-only for a couple of days while it rebuilds. Conceptually, what I have in mind looks something like this: When a disk fails, immediately take the RAID5 offline or mount it read-only Attach a new disk (either in a spare bay, or externally via eSATA) and begin rebuilding it to replace the failed one. If known, perhaps start with the stripes in which the failure occurred, to minimize the chances of losing those if another disk fails. In the event that a second disk experiences a URE or other failure during the rebuild, try to source that data from the disk that is being replaced. Presumably if this happens, more rebuilding would be necessary. When complete, shut down the server, swap the replacement drive into the original bay if desired, and bring the array back up. Obviously such a process would not be appropriate for applications where uptime is critical or data loss cannot be tolerated, but it seems to me that this could help considerably to improve the reliability of RAID5. I assume that there's not a good way to implement a recovery like this at present, given that I haven't seen any indication of tools that are designed to do this, and that it seems like it would be rather obtuse to work out manually. Are there also technical issues with it that I haven't thought of (I'm still fairly new to RAID stuff)? Any thoughts on how hard something like this would be to implement (e.g. in linux md raid)?

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