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• Where do you find the Bash source files of programs in Linux/Mac OSX?

  - by AndrewKS

  I am currently writing some convenience methods for my terminal in my bash_profile and am sure if what I am writing is "the best way". I figure a good way to verify whether what I'm doing is right or not would be to find some source code of more established programs and see how they do it. My question then is, where can I find this code on my Mac? An example is, with Macports installed, where is the source code that opens the port interactive console when I type nothing but "port" in my shell? (I added Linux in the title even though I am on a Mac because I assume the answer would be the same for both) Edit: The answer I am looking for is in terms of which directory relative to the programs will I find their unix scripts.

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• What do encrypted files' data look like?

  - by Frost Shadow

  I know there are a lot of encryption programs available, that I would guess use different methods for encryption, and thus have different types of output files (.fve .tc .cha .dmg (bitlocker, truecrypt, challenger, ect.)), but if someone didn't know what the file was and just looked at the data, what would it look like? Does it just look like random bits, or can you still pick out a pattern? If it does look random, how is it if I moved the encrypted file to another computer, the other computer can tell it's a file, and is able to decrypt it (how would it even know where to start or stop, if it all looked random)? Also, how is the structure affected by encrypting files twice, using the same method, or a different one? Thanks for any help, and if you know any books or site about encryption for complete idiots, I'd appreciate it!

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• Thoughts on Apache log file sizes?

  - by Nathan Long

  Do you place any limits on the size of Apache log files - access.log and error.log? Specifically, can you give: Reasons to limit log file sizes Disk space Any other? Reasons NOT to limit log file sizes Research into performance issues or security breaches Any other? Methods of doing so Cron job that periodically deletes the file, or the first N lines? Any other? Anything you might salvage before deleting For example, grep out how many times a file was downloaded before deleting the access logs I'd like get the thoughts of experienced sysadmins before I do anything. (Marking as community wiki since this may be a matter of opinion.)

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• What are the best tools for modeling a pre-existing SQL database structure?

  - by Ejoso

  I have a MS SQL database that has been running strong for 10+ years. I'd like to diagram the database structure, without spending hours laying it all out in Visio or something similar... I've seen nice models diagrammed before, but I have no idea how they were created. From what I've seen - those models were created in advance of the database itself to assist in clarifying the relationships... but my database already exists! Anyone have any suggestions for tools that would work, or methods I could employ to tease out a nice clean document describing my database structure? Thanks in advance!

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• Why are there two types of Adobe Flash Player download / update?

  - by w3d

  Adobe Flash Player checks for updates at startup. If updates are required the Adobe dialog pops up with a [Download] button. Usually when I hit the [Download] button it downloads it straight away with a progress bar that zips across the dialog. I then get the option to install it. All good. However, sometimes when I hit the [Download] button it takes me to the website: https://get3.adobe.com/flashplayer/update/plugin/ Which presents me with an [Update now] button (and to install McAfee!). What is this for? Why didn't it download and install in the "usual" way? So, why are there apparently two different update methods for what appears to be the same thing? One is nice and swish and integrated into the updater, the other more long winded. In fact, I don't [Update now] when it takes me to the website, because I'm like "Hey, what's this?!"

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• Is SYN flooding still a threat?

  - by Rob

  Well recently I've been reading about different Denial of Service methods. One method that kind of stuck out was SYN flooding. I'm a member of some not-so-nice forums, and someone was selling a python script that would DoS a server using SYN packets with a spoofed IP address. However, if you sent a SYN packet to a server, with a spoofed IP address, the target server would return the SYN/ACK packet to the host that was spoofed. In which case, wouldn't the spoofed host return an RST packet, thus negating the 75 second long-wait, and ultimately failing in its attempt to DoS the server?

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• Script to set "Hide file extensions"

  - by Ickster

  I'm tired of the multi-step process to set my preferred folder options on every server to which I log on (Mostly Win2008, but also some 2012 and Win7 here and there). I'd love to be able to script the process, but unfortunately, I can't find any commands or extensions to do so for folder options. There are several settings I'd like to change, but in particular, I'd like to set "Hide file extensions for known file types" to false. I figure that if I can do that, I'll be able to manage any additional settings on my own. Methods that work on the vanilla command line would be preferred, but if there are commands in PowerShell, I'll use that.

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• How could I portably split large backup files over multiple discs?

  - by sourcejedi

  Context: I make backups / archives, primarily of photos. I'm experimenting with Bup, which is designed for backup to hard disk. Basically it creates Git repos which include packfiles of up to 1GB. But I still need last-ditch backups to keep offline and move offsite (and keeping them on read-only media is good too!). What are the options for archiving and splitting large files over several discs like CDs (and reading them back!)? I'd prefer methods which will stay readable in future. are portable e.g. to Windows. have known simple implementations, so I could re-implement them myself if necessary. (Using Bup packs will stretch my robustness budget. So I want to be confident about how other parts of the system would behave). I heard split archives are possible with both ZIP and 7-Zip. Is that right?

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• How to recover from broken file?

  - by Earlz

  Hello I have a broken file. It was encrypted(by me) and I did get it unencrypted though I can not remember if it is tar or tar.gz. I believe whichever one it is though is corrupted. I've tried both methods and everything else I could think of for what kind of archive format it could be(7z, zip, etc) and it errors out. What is a possible course of action to take here? The files on it are not extremely important though they are irreplaceable. Are there any tools out there for "fixing" tar or tar.gz formats?

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• Is there a faster way to deploy an OVA template?

  - by Luke

  I need to deploy vSphere Server Appliance 5.1. I have vSphere Client running locally and my internet upload is capped at 3 Mbps. It says it's going to take about 200 minutes to upload. When selecting a URL as opposed to a local file, does vSphere Client download it locally and then upload, or does it download the OVA directly to the server? My goal is to avoid waiting 3 1/2 hours for this to upload. If specifying a URL isn't any faster, are there any other methods that would allow me to deploy from the datacenter instead of my office? We don't have any Windows VM's installed on our cluster. So unfortunately I don't have a Windows machine with faster upload speed.

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• Mirroring MySQL server with diffrent configuration

  - by HTF

  I have to migrate MySQL server to a different data centre so I would like to create another MySQL slave server in new DC and then promote it to a master later on. I previously used LVM snapshots and Percona Xtrabackup for this purpose but this time I've optimized MySQL configuration file that prevents me from using these methods. Old server (backup): innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 New server (restore): innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 The Xtrabackup script and LVM snapshots copy the whole directory structure so the MySQL server won't start because there is a different size for InnoDB logs. Is there any solution to avoid a downtime in this case? I can't use mysqldumps as there is around 8000 databases so I would have to take the server down for a couple of hours. I was also thinking to use the old settings with Xtrabackup and then change it once the new server is promoted to a master - less downtime but I'm not sure if this will work? Thank you Regards

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• Is there anyway I can secure my connection when I try to log in to my router remotely?

  - by HardwareMuch

  I'm trying to configure my desktop to be accessed remotely. Here's what I've done so far: enabled wake on lan / remote wake up on all interfaces. I'm using logmein as my remote desktop application. setup DDNS so that I can log in to my router. When I try to remotely log in to my router it says that it is not encrypted there anyone can see my log in information. What can I do to make this a more secure setup? Any other suggestions or different methods will be greatly appreciated.

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• How much RAM 64bit Windows 8 reserves to OS internal use?

  - by Barleyman

  Windows reserves some memory for it's internal use which is not normally allocated to applications. This reserve is seen most easily if you run without a page file or limit the pagefile to relatively small size (such as 3GB). Windows will allocate primarily RAM up to the limit, fill up remaining free space in the page file (if any) and issue a low memory warning when there is no page file space left and the allocated RAM limit is exceeded. The limit appears to be a percentage of the total system RAM. Windows 7 x64 limit is discussed here and methods for circumventing the "low memory warning" is discussed here. Disabling the low memory warning has some advantages - You can use some 600MB more RAM on 8GB machine) But there is a serious disadvantage - When you're out of ram, programs will crash. How much RAM can you allocate on 8GB Windows 8 x64 before you get the low memory warning? Is it possible to adjust the warning threshold?

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• Deploying a Windows 7 image, which way is the fastest?

  - by MatF

  I captured an image of a basic Windows 7 installation with some modifications using imagex. Before the image was captured, I ran sysprep generalizing and selecting to enter OOBE after it's done. Which way would be the fastest to deploy that image again? Using imagex /apply. Or naming the image install.wim and put it in the source folder of a normal installation (on a bootable USB device), running a normal setup afterwards. Currently I have only tried the second approach. However I just found out about the imagex way and wondered if it would be faster. Or are the even more methods that would be better?

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• Best method(s) to backup VMs running on HyperV?

  - by Kara Marfia

  We're in the middle of P2V'ing most of the network, so the current backup method is likely the worst - the backup agent is still installed on the guest OSs, and the backup device is dutifully pulling them onto tape, one file at a time. I suspect there's a clever way to script (PowerShell?) a suspend on the VMs, then backup of the .vhd files, and unsuspend the VMs. This seems like it would provide big speed benefits, while losing file-level restore (might be best for things like DCs and app servers). What methods/policies have you hammered out?

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• Virtual hosting in Varnish with individual vcl files for configuration

  - by Michael Sørensen

  I wish to use varnish to put in front of an apache and a tomcat on the same server. Depending on the ip requested, it goes to a different backend. This works. Now for most of the sites the default varnish logic will work just fine. However for some specific sites I wish to use custom VCL code. I can test for host name and include config files for the specific domains, but this only works inside the individual methods recv etc. Is there a way to include a complete set of instructions, in one file, per domain, without having to manage separate files for subdomain_recv, subdomain_fetch etc? And preferably without running seperate instances of varnish. When I try to include a file on the "root level" of default.vcl, I get a compilation error. Best regards, Michael

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• How to download a url as a file?

  - by Michelle

  A website url has "hidden" some mp3 files by embedding them as shockwave files, as follows: <span class="caption"><!-- Odeo player --><embed src="http://odeo.com/flash/audio_player_tiny_gray.swf"quality="high" name="audio_player_tiny_gray" align="middle" allowScriptAccess="always" wmode="transparent" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" flashvars="valid_sample_rate=true external_url=http://podcast.cbc.ca/mp3/sundayeditionstream_20081125_9524.mp3" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></embed></span> How can I download the files for off-line listening? I've found two methods: 1. The StackOverflow Method Create a new local html file with just the links eg <a href="http://podcast.cbc.ca/mp3/sundayeditionstream_20081125_9524.mp3">Sunday Edition 25Nov2008</a> Open the file in the browser, right click the link and File Save Link As. 2. The SuperUser Method Install the Firefox addin Iget. (Be sure to use the right version for your Firefox version.) Tools Downloads Enter url in field. Are there any other ways?

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• Huge area of stuck pixels

  - by pixelady

  A toddler slammed down my laptop screen while an iPod was laying on top of the keyboard. The damage resulted in a massive area of stuck pixels on the laptop screen, approximately 2 inches by 10 inches in area. I've tried running various programs that rapidly flick the pixels in different colors, as well as massaging the screen with heat and also without heat. These are the standard methods I read about for fixing a stuck pixel. But none of the online articles I read said how to fix a huge area of pixels, not just single pixels. What else can I try to get the many pixels unstuck? My computer is no longer under warranty and I don't want to buy a new one.

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• Practical tips when transitioning to xmonad?

  - by meder

  I like the idea and concept of xmonad, however I still keep going back to gnome after an hour or so. This feels like when I first tried to learn vim, but I've gotten past the learning curve point and can't live without vim nowadays. I'm sure the time will come for xmonad too, but I was wondering if current xmonad users can provide transitional tips? FYI, I'm on dual monitors ( 19 inch and 17 inch ). Example of an issue I'm having while in this "transitional" stage: How do you manage keeping the browser and other programs that are most commonly used in full screen mode, since by default I think it opens up in a small tile that takes up a portion of the screen? Do you just shortcut it to make it open full screen, or do you actually not maximize it? Or are there advanced methods through preferences in the conf file, making certain programs take up X space?

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• Monitor ESXi hosts with Nagios

  - by Kyle Brandt

  Does anyone recommend any methods for monitoring ESXi 4.1 hosts with Nagios? I have looked into SNMP but it seems to be in a pretty sorry state. Net-SNMP does not seem to be included and there is a built it SNMP daemon that I set up. However from the standard MIBs there only seems to really be network interface counters and the VMWare MIBs seem quite useless. Right now I am considering SNMP for the interface speed and trying the plugins listed at http://unimpressed.org/post/96949609/monitoring-esxi-performance-through-nagios . Anyone have a better idea? I would like to monitor the hosts directly, not through something like vCenter.

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• Extract first page from multiple pdfs

  - by Tim Alexander

  Have got about 500 PDFs to go through and extract the first page of. They then need to go through some time consuming conversion process so was hoping to try and save some time by have a batch process to extract just the first page from the 500 pdfs and place it in a new pdf. Have had a poke around Acrobat but can find no real method of doing this for multiple files. Does anyone know any other programs or methods that this could be achieved? Free and open source are obviously more favourable :) EDIT: Have actually had some success using GhostScript to extract just one page. Am now looking at how to batch that and take the list of files and use those.

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• Alternative shell apps for OS X

  - by Joseph Silvashy

  This might sound ridiculous, but my eyes are tired of looking at the crappy font rendering in OS X's Terminal.app, is there anything you guys recommend? I know it's like one of those things that you can easily say, "It's shell! what more can you ask for!" but really, all these great methods for rendering fonts and anti-aliasing, and we developers haven't even integrated that into our most trusty tool... at least that I know of. Anyhow, let's discus shell alternatives, thoughts?

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• Unable to deactivate windows xp by modifying the license in the registry

  - by ConorWalsh

  I need to deactivate windows xp so I can set it up with a new license. Every tutorial I've visited follow the same steps. (Example http://www.ehow.com/how_6665848_deactivate-windows-xp-pro.html) The tutorials state that the 00BE timer file located in the registry needs to be modified. It is found by going to the registry and navigating through "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE," "Software," "Microsoft," "WindowsNT," "CurrentVersion" and "WPAEvents." After the file is modified Windows should be deactivated. However it never does. The value changes but when I run the command to add a new license key it states "windows is already activated". I've done this before on other machines at it worked fine. I can't find any other methods to change the license in XP. Has anyone ever had this issue or knows of another way of deactivating windows?

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• Which is prefered internet security + Antivirus solution for Windows, with good detection rate? [clo

  - by metal gear solid

  Possible Duplicate: Free antivirus solutions for Windows Which is the best internet security + Antivirus solution for Windows? free/opensource or commercial it doesn't matter I need best solution. Is Kaspersky best ? or any other? http://www.kaspersky.com/kaspersky_internet_security Award-winning technologies in Kaspersky Internet Security 2010 protect you from cybercrime and a wide range of IT threats: * Viruses, Trojans, worms and other malware, spyware and adware * Rootkits, bootkits and other complex threats * Identity theft by keyloggers, screen capture malware or phishing scams * Botnets and various illegal methods of taking control of your PC or Netbook * Zero-day attacks, new fast emerging and unknown threats * Drive-by download infections, network attacks and intrusions * Unwanted, offensive web content and spam

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• how to remotely setup powershell to accept Enter-PSSession

  - by user1399195

  I have some computers I'm trying to remotely execute powershell commands but I'm running into some snags. For one thing, the computers do not have Enable-PSRemoting enabled so I am unable to simply Enter-PSSession. I tried to run a powershell script through psexec but I have yet to Set-Execution Policy on the machine. My thoughts were to execute a powershell logon script that accomplished this but before I tried this I was going to see if there were any other methods to enable-psremoting on a machine. Thanks in advance!

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