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  • Which will be faster? Switching shaders or ignore that some cases don't need full code?

    - by PolGraphic
    I have two types of 2d objects: In first case (for about 70% of objects), I need that code in the shader: float2 texCoord = input.TexCoord + textureCoord.xy But in the second case I have to use: float2 texCoord = fmod(input.TexCoord, texCoordM.xy - textureCoord.xy) + textureCoord.xy I can use second code also for first case, but it will be a little slower (fmod is useless here, input.TexCoord will be always lower than textureCoord.xy - textureCoord.xy for sure). My question is, which way will be faster: Making two independent shaders for both types of rectangles, group rectangles by types and switch shaders during rendering. Make one shader and use some if statement. Make one shader and ignore that sometimes (70% of cases) I don't need to use fmod.

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  • Break the object body

    - by Siddharth
    In my game, I want to break the object body creating slicing effect. After research I found that I have to use ray casting but I don't know how to use it. If some one know how to break the physics body then please provide information to me. EDIT : I don't have any logic how to do that in andengine. Only I have some link to do slicing http://www.emanueleferonato.com/2012/03/05/breaking-objects-with-box2d-the-realistic-way/ Yes I have to slice physics body into two parts. My physics body have 2d objects.

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  • Interview Questions in OOP

    - by Fero
    Hi all, I faced the below interview questions in OOP under PHP language. Kindly clear my clarifications regarding this. I am very confused. As i am a beginner to OOP i got too confused. Could anyone clarify these things clearly? Difference between Abstract class and interface. Interviewer : Let us consider abstract class contains three abstract methods such as a,b,c and interface contains three methods a,b,c. In this case these do the same functionality. Then why are going for abstract and why are we going for interface. Me : ? static keyword. Interviewer: We call static method without creating object by using scope resolution operator in PHP. As well as we can able to call concrete methods also. Then what is need of static keyword there? Me : .... final keyword. Interviewer: Give me any scenario of using final keyword. Me : For db connection related method Interviewer: Other than that? Me: ... Constructor. Interviewer: What is the use of constructor? Me : There is no need for object to access this. It will call automatically when the class calls. Interviewer: Other than that? Me : .... Thanks in advance...

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  • Profiling Startup Of VS2012 &ndash; YourKit Profiler

    - by Alois Kraus
    The YourKit (v7.0.5) profiler is interesting in terms of price (79€ single place license, 409€ + 1 year support and upgrades) and feature set. You do get a performance and memory profiler in one package for which you normally need also to pay extra from the other vendors. As an interesting side note the profiler UI is written in Java because they do also sell Java profilers with the same feature set. To get all methods of a VS startup you need first to configure it to include System* in the profiled methods and you need to configure * to measure wall clock time. By default it does record only CPU times which allows you to optimize CPU hungry operations. But you will never see a Thread.Sleep(10000) in the profiler blocking the UI in this mode. It can profile as all others processes started from within the profiler but it can also profile the next or all started processes. As usual it can profile in sampling and tracing mode. But since it is a memory profiler as well it does by default also record all object allocations > 1MB. With allocation recording enabled VS2012 did crash but without allocation recording there were no problems. The CPU tab contains the time line of the application and when you click in the graph you the call stacks of all threads at this time. This is really a nice feature. When you select a time region you the CPU Usage estimation for this time window. I have seen many applications consuming 100% CPU only because they did create garbage like crazy. For this is the Garbage Collection tab interesting in conjunction with a time range. This view is like the CPU table only that the CPU graph (green) is missing. All relevant information except for GCs/s is already visible in the CPU tab. Very handy to pinpoint excessive GC or CPU bound issues. The Threads tab does show the thread names and their lifetime. This is useful to see thread interactions or which thread is hottest in terms of CPU consumption. On the CPU tab the call tree does exist in a merged and thread specific view. When you click on a method you get below a list of all called methods. There you can sort for methods with a high own time which are worth optimizing. In the Method List you can select which scope you want to see. Back Traces are the methods which did call you. Callees ist the list of methods called directly or indirectly by your method as a flat list. This is not a call stack but still very useful to see which methods were slow so you can see the “root” cause quite quickly without the need to click trough long call stacks. The last view Merged Calles is a call stacked view of the previous view. This does help a lot to understand did call each method at run time. You would get the same view with a debugger for one call invocation but here you get the full statistics (invocation count) as well. Since YourKit is also a memory profiler you can directly see which objects you have on your managed heap and which objects do hold most of your precious memory. You can in in the Object Explorer view also examine the contents of your objects (strings or whatsoever) to get a better understanding which objects where potentially allocating this stuff.   YourKit is a very easy to use combined memory and performance profiler in one product. The unbeatable single license price makes it very attractive to straightly buy it. Although it is a Java UI it is very responsive and the memory consumption is considerably lower compared to dotTrace and ANTS profiler. What I do really like is to start the YourKit ui and then start the processes I want to profile as usual. There is no need to alter your own application code to be able to inject a profiler into your new started processes. For performance and memory profiling you can simply select the process you want to investigate from the list of started processes. That's the way I like to use profilers. Just get out of the way and let the application run without any special preparations.   Next: Telerik JustTrace

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  • Fastest bit-blit in C# ?

    - by AttackingHobo
    I know there is Unity, and XNA that both use C#, but I am don't know what else I could use. The reason I say C# is that the syntax and style is similar to AS3, which I am familiar with, and I want to choose the correct framework to start learning with. What should I use to be able to do the most possible bit-blit(direct pixel copy) objects per frame. EDIT: I should not need to add this, but I am looking for the most possible amount of objects per frame because I am making a few Bullet-Hell SHMUPS. I need thousands and thousands of bullets, particles, and hundreds of enemies on the screen at once. I am looking for a solution to do as many bit-blit operations per frame, I am not looking for a general purpose engine. EDIT2: I want bit-blitting because I do not want to exclude people who have lower end video cards but a fast processor from playing my games.

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  • Another question about handling game states

    - by Eva
    I'm making a game designed with the entity-component paradigm that uses systems to communicate between components as explained here. I've reached the point in my development that I need to add game states (such as paused, playing, level start, round start, game over, etc.), but I'm not sure how to do it with my framework. I've looked at this code example on game states which everyone seems to reference, but I don't think it fits with my framework. It seems to have each state handling its own drawing and updating. My framework has a SystemManager that handles all the updating using systems. For example, here's my RenderingSystem class: public class RenderingSystem extends GameSystem { private GameView gameView_; /** * Constructor * Creates a new RenderingSystem. * @param gameManager The game manager. Used to get the game components. */ public RenderingSystem(GameManager gameManager) { super(gameManager); } /** * Method: registerGameView * Registers gameView into the RenderingSystem. * @param gameView The game view registered. */ public void registerGameView(GameView gameView) { gameView_ = gameView; } /** * Method: triggerRender * Adds a repaint call to the event queue for the dirty rectangle. */ public void triggerRender() { Rectangle dirtyRect = new Rectangle(); for (GameObject object : getRenderableObjects()) { GraphicsComponent graphicsComponent = object.getComponent(GraphicsComponent.class); dirtyRect.add(graphicsComponent.getDirtyRect()); } gameView_.repaint(dirtyRect); } /** * Method: renderGameView * Renders the game objects onto the game view. * @param g The graphics object that draws the game objects. */ public void renderGameView(Graphics g) { for (GameObject object : getRenderableObjects()) { GraphicsComponent graphicsComponent = object.getComponent(GraphicsComponent.class); if (!graphicsComponent.isVisible()) continue; GraphicsComponent.Shape shape = graphicsComponent.getShape(); BoundsComponent boundsComponent = object.getComponent(BoundsComponent.class); Rectangle bounds = boundsComponent.getBounds(); g.setColor(graphicsComponent.getColor()); if (shape == GraphicsComponent.Shape.RECTANGULAR) { g.fill3DRect(bounds.x, bounds.y, bounds.width, bounds.height, true); } else if (shape == GraphicsComponent.Shape.CIRCULAR) { g.fillOval(bounds.x, bounds.y, bounds.width, bounds.height); } } } /** * Method: getRenderableObjects * @return The renderable game objects. */ private HashSet<GameObject> getRenderableObjects() { return gameManager.getGameObjectManager().getRelevantObjects( getClass()); } } Also all the updating in my game is event-driven. I don't have a loop like theirs that simply updates everything at the same time. I like my framework because it makes it easy to add new GameObjects, but doesn't have the problems some component-based designs encounter when communicating between components. I would hate to chuck it just to get pause to work. Is there a way I can add game states to my game without removing the entity-component design? Does the game state example actually fit my framework, and I'm just missing something?

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  • Network: Incoming connections work, outgoing fails

    - by anirvan
    i recently set up my own server at home to run Ubuntu 12.04 server ed. on booting up, i noticed that a message related to networking comes up, and the booting process pauses. the message read something like - waiting for network configuration and after a while - waiting another 60 seconds... on booting up, I realised that any command which requires a network connection was not working - ping, apt-get install, etc. on firing the ifup eth0 command, I get the error RTNETLINK answers: File exists. Failed to bring up eth0. I also realised, while searching the web for this problem, that this is probably one of the most common networking related issues - however, most of the questions are around setting up multiple IPs for the same machine. ifdown eth0 also fails, stating that eth0 is not configured. my /etc/network/interfaces file has a simple configuration for a static IP: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xx netmask xx.xx.xx.xx broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx gateway xx.xx.xx.xx dns-nameservers xx.xx.xx.xx The strangest part of this problem is that, while I can't connect to anything outside, I can ping to this particular server using the static IP configured in the interface file, and, i can even SSH into it! I'm really at ends here with this problem, and any guidance is much appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Lookup Viewer

    - by Geertjan
    The Maven integrated view that I showed yesterday I was able to create because I happened to know that an implementation of SubprojectProvider and LogicalViewProvider are in the Lookup of Maven projects. With that knowledge, I was able to use and even delegate to those implementations. But what if you don't know that those implementations are in the Lookup of the Project object? In the case of the Maven Project implementation, you could look in the source code of the Maven Project implementation, at the "getLookup" method. However, any other module could be putting its own objects into that Lookup, dynamically, i.e., at runtime. So there's no way of knowing what's in the Lookup of any Project object or any other object with a Lookup. But now imagine that you have a Lookup Viewer, as a tool during development, which you would exclude when distributing the application. Whenever new objects are found in the Lookup, the viewer displays them. You could install the Lookup Viewer into NetBeans IDE, or any other NetBeans Platform application, and then get a quick impression of what's actually in the Lookup when you select a different item in the application during development. Here it is (though I vaguely remember someone else writing something similar): Above, a Maven Project is selected. The Lookup Window shows that, among many other classes, an implementation of SubprojectProvider and LogicalViewProvider are found in the Lookup when the Maven Project is selected. If an item in the Lookup Window has its own Lookup, the content of that Lookup is displayed as child nodes of the Lookup, etc, i.e., you can explore all the way down the Lookup of each item found within objects found within the current selection. (What's especially fun is seeing the SaveCookieImpl being added and removed from the Lookup Window when you make/save a change in a document.) Another example is below, showing the Lookup Window installed in a custom application created during a course at MIT in Boston: A small trick I had to apply is that I always show the previous Lookup, since the current Lookup, when you select one of the Nodes in the Lookup Window, would be the Lookup of the Lookup Window itself! If anyone is interested in this, I can publish the NetBeans module providing the above window to the NetBeans update center. 

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  • Can't serve files without extension because they "appear to be script" on IIS7.5

    - by madd0
    I created a certain number of static JSON files with no extension in a subfolder of my site. I want to use them for tests. The problem is that IIS is refusing to serve them because : HTTP Error 404.17 - Not Found The requested content appears to be script and will not be served by the static file handler. The folder is a subfolder of an ASP.NET application and I can't create an application just for it, neither can I change the parent application's application pool. Actually, I don't have access to the IIS configuration other than through the web.config file in the folder in question. I assume there must be a way to get a web server to serve static files, right?

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  • Opengl-es picking object

    - by lacas
    I saw a lot of picking code opengl-es, but nothing worked. Can someone give me what am I missing? My code is (from tutorials/forums) Vec3 far = Camera.getPosition(); Vec3 near = Shared.opengl().getPickingRay(ev.getX(), ev.getY(), 0); Vec3 direction = far.sub(near); direction.normalize(); Log.e("direction", direction.x+" "+direction.y+" "+direction.z); Ray mouseRay = new Ray(near, direction); for (int n=0; n<ObjectFactory.objects.size(); n++) { if (ObjectFactory.objects.get(n)!=null) { IObject obj = ObjectFactory.objects.get(n); float discriminant, b; float radius=0.1f; b = -mouseRay.getOrigin().dot(mouseRay.getDirection()); discriminant = b * b - mouseRay.getOrigin().dot(mouseRay.getOrigin()) + radius*radius; discriminant = FloatMath.sqrt(discriminant); double x1 = b - discriminant; double x2 = b + discriminant; Log.e("asd", obj.getName() + " "+discriminant+" "+x1+" "+x2); } } my camera vectors: //cam Vec3 position =new Vec3(-obj.getPosX()+x, obj.getPosZ()-0.3f, obj.getPosY()+z); Vec3 direction =new Vec3(-obj.getPosX(), obj.getPosZ(), obj.getPosY()); Vec3 up =new Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); Camera.set(position, direction, up); and my picking code: public Vec3 getPickingRay(float mouseX, float mouseY, float mouseZ) { int[] viewport = getViewport(); float[] modelview = getModelView(); float[] projection = getProjection(); float winX, winY; float[] position = new float[4]; winX = (float)mouseX; winY = (float)Shared.screen.width - (float)mouseY; GLU.gluUnProject(winX, winY, mouseZ, modelview, 0, projection, 0, viewport, 0, position, 0); return new Vec3(position[0], position[1], position[2]); } My camera moving all the time in 3d space. and my actors/modells moving too. my camera is following one actor/modell and the user can move the camera on a circle on this model. How can I change the above code to working?

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  • How to improve programming skills?

    - by Mike
    I'm very new to programming. I started learning PHP about half a year ago, so I do know something. I can write small functions, I can export and import information from a database and I can make a website. I don't know OOP principles and I don't know about objects and classes. Should I move to OOP principles and learn about classes, methods and objects? If not, what should I do? Continue writing simple code? How can a programmer write his/her own API? Is OOP necessary to do this? So how can i improve my skills? I love programming. I spend my 24/7 on it, so any help will be appreciated.

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  • Switching from abstract class to interface

    - by nischayn22
    I have an abstract class which has all abstract methods except one which constructs objects of the subclasses. Now my mentor asked me to move this abstract class to an interface. Having an interface is no problem except with the method used to construct subclass objects. Where should this method go now? Also, I read somewhere that interfaces are more efficient than abstract classes. Is this true? Here's an example of my classes abstract class Animal { //many abstract methods getAnimalobject(some parameter) { return //appropriate subclass } } class Dog extends Animal {} class Elephant extends Animal {}

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  • How many tiers should my models have in a DB driven web app?

    - by Hanno Fietz
    In my experience, the "Model" in MVC is often not really a single layer. I would regularly have "backend" models and "frontend" models, where the backend ones would have properties that I want to hide from the UI code, and the frontend ones have derived or composite properties which are more meaningful in the context of the UI. Recently, I have started to introduce a third layer in between when database normalization created tables that did not really match the conceptual domain objects anymore. In those projects I have model classes that are equivalent with the DB structure, these become components of objects that represent the domain model, and finally these are filtered and amended for displaying information to the user. Are there patterns or guidelines for how, when and why to organize the data model across application layers?

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  • API always returns JSONObject or JSONArray Best practices

    - by Michael Laffargue
    I'm making an API that will return data in JSON. I also wanted on client side to make an utility class to call this API. Something like : JSONObject sendGetRequest(Url url); JSONObject sendPostRequest(Url url, HashMap postData); However sometimes the API send back array of object [{id:1},{id:2}] I now got two choices (): Make the method test for JSONArray or JSONObject and send back an Object that I will have to cast in the caller Make a method that returns JSONObject and one for JSONArray (like sendGetRequestAndReturnAsJSONArray) Make the server always send Arrays even for one element Make the server always send Objects wrapping my Array I going for the two last methods since I think it would be a good thing to force the API to send consistent type of data. But what would be the best practice (if one exist). Always send arrays? or always send objects?

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  • How to create realistic 2d lighting using colour temperature

    - by Truncheon
    I'm looking for a lighting algorithm that produces realistic lights expressed in kelvins, from about 2500k to 6500k. What I'm confused about is how to make the lights properly interact with the colors of game objects. If a whole level is fully lit (overcast daylight) then it would seem that I should use just the color of the object. But what if I'm in a closed room with no windows, and there is an incandescent bulb shining light in the room? How would that light properly light up the objects in the room? There does not seem to be an obvious solution to the problem. And simply mixing the color of the light with the colors of the object, seems an inaccurate approach.

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  • IP assignment in a /28 block

    - by mks
    Need help on setting up firewall router. My config is as below: Public static network ID: x.x.x.48/28 gateway: x.x.x.49 available IP for the hosts: x.x.x.52 to 62 gw_eth0 <-- fw_eth0 - fw_eth1 <-- dmz_switch Four servers are connected on dmz_switch (say s1, s2, s3, s4) all have to use public static IP address from the above block. Any recommendation on IP assignment and route setup? Do I need to subnet the above block further or simply use /32 netmask and point-to-point static routes in the above setup?

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  • Creating a Sandboxed Instance

    - by Ricardo Peres
    In .NET 4.0 the policy APIs have changed a bit. Here's how you can create a sandboxed instance of a type, which must inherit from MarshalByRefObject: static T CreateRestrictedType<T>(SecurityZone zone, params Assembly [] fullTrustAssemblies) where T : MarshalByRefObject, new() { return(CreateRestrictedType<T>(zone, fullTrustAssemblies, new IPermission [0]); } static T CreateRestrictedType<T>(SecurityZone zone, params IPermission [] additionalPermissions) where T : MarshalByRefObject, new() { return(CreateRestrictedType<T>(zone, new Assembly [0], additionalPermissions); } static T CreateRestrictedType<T>(SecurityZone zone, Assembly [] fullTrustAssemblies, IPermission [] additionalPermissions) where T : MarshalByRefObject, new() { Evidence evidence = new Evidence(); evidence.AddHostEvidence(new Zone(zone)); PermissionSet evidencePermissionSet = SecurityManager.GetStandardSandbox(evidence); foreach (IPermission permission in additionalPermissions ?? new IPermission[ 0 ]) { evidencePermissionSet.AddPermission(permission); } StrongName [] strongNames = (fullTrustAssemblies ?? new Assembly[0]).Select(a = a.Evidence.GetHostEvidence<StrongName>()).ToArray(); AppDomainSetup adSetup = new AppDomainSetup(); adSetup.ApplicationBase = Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(T).Assembly.Location); AppDomain newDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Sandbox", evidence, adSetup, evidencePermissionSet, strongNames); ObjectHandle handle = Activator.CreateInstanceFrom(newDomain, typeof(T).Assembly.ManifestModule.FullyQualifiedName, typeof(T).FullName); return (handle.Unwrap() as T); } SyntaxHighlighter.config.clipboardSwf = 'http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.0.320/scripts/clipboard.swf'; SyntaxHighlighter.brushes.CSharp.aliases = ['c#', 'c-sharp', 'csharp']; SyntaxHighlighter.all();

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  • Logging in JSON Effect on Performance

    - by Pius
    I see more and more articles about logging in JSON. You can also find one on NodeJS blog. Why does everyone like it so much? I can only see more operations getting involved: A couple new objects being created. Stringifying objects, which either involves calculating string length or multiple string allocations. GCing all the crap that was created. Is there any test on performance when using JSON logging and regular string logging? Do people use JSON (for logging) in enterprise projects?

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  • Test Driven Development Code Order

    - by Bobby Kostadinov
    I am developing my first project using test driven development. I am using Zend Framework and PHPUnit. Currently my project is at 100% code coverage but I am not sure I understand in what order I am supposed to write my code. Am I supposed to write my test FIRST with what my objects are expected to do or write my objects and then test them? Ive been working on completing a controller/model and then writing at test for it but I am not sure this is what TDD is about? Any advice? For example, I wrote my Auth plugin and my Auth controller and tested that they work properly in my browser, and then I sat down to write the tests for them, which proved that there were some logical errors in the code that did work in the browser.

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  • a program called football team

    - by bosco
    how do you solve the following using java?Soccer team A is made up of the bench and people on the lineup. The program should enable the user to select a lineup and assign positions to players. It should also allow for the manipulation of attributes such as age, jersey number, fitness status, yellow and red cards, state whether one is a goalkeeper, defender, etc. Information such as losses ,wins and points of the entire team are also important. the above task requires the to use of: Static members for attributes with values common to all objects of the same class The “this” keyword to distinguish constructor parameters and data members Constructor overloading Method overloading Use two collections of the type Arraylist to store objects.

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  • Making particle bounce off a line with friction

    - by Dlaor
    So I'm making a game and I need a particle to bounce off a line. I've got this so far: public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis) //vec is velocity { Vector2f result = vec - 2f * axis * axis.Dot(vec); return result; } Which works fine, but then I decided I wanted to be able to change the bounciness and friction of the bounce. I got bounciness down... public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis, float bounciness) //Bounciness goes from 0 to 1, 0 being not bouncy and 1 being perfectly bouncy { var reflect = (1 + bounciness); //2f Vector2f result = vec - reflect * axis * axis.Dot(vec); return result; } But when I tried to add friction, everything went to hell and back... public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis, float bounciness, float friction) //Does not work at all! { var reflect = (1 + bounciness); //2f Vector2f subtract = reflect * axis * axis.Dot(vec); Vector2f subtract2 = axis * axis.Dot(vec); Vector2f result = vec - subtract; result -= axis.PerpendicularLeft() * subtract2.Length() * friction; return result; } Any physics guys willing to help me out with this? (if you're not sure what I mean with the friction of a bounce see this: http://www.metanetsoftware.com/technique/diagrams/A-1_particle_collision.swf)

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  • Is encoding needed in this decryption?

    - by Lijo
    I have a Encryption – Decryption scenario as shown below. //[Clear text ID string as input] -- [(ASCII GetByte) + Encoding] -- [Encrption as byte array] -- [Database column is in VarBinary] -- [Pass byte[] as VarBinary parameter to SP for comparison] //[ID stored as VarBinary in Database] -- [Read as byte array] -- [(Decrypt as byte array) + Encoding + (ASCII Get String)] -- Show as string in the UI My question is in the decryption scenario. After decryption I get a byte array. I am doing an encoding (IBM037) after that. Is it correct? Is there something wrong in the flow shown above? private static byte[] GetEncryptedID(string id) { Interface_Request input = new Interface_Request(); input.RequestText = Encodeto64(id); input.RequestType = Encryption; ProgramInterface inputRequest = new ProgramInterface(); inputRequest.Test_Trial_Request = input; using (KTestService operation = new KTestService()) { return ((operation.KTrialOperation(inputRequest)).Test_Trial_Response.ResponseText); } } private static string GetDecryptedID(byte[] id) { Interface_Request input = new Interface_Request(); input.RequestText = id; input.RequestType = Decryption; ProgramInterface request = new ProgramInterface(); request.Test_Trial_Request = input; using (KTestService operationD = new KTestService()) { ProgramInterface1 response = operationD.KI014Operation(request); byte[] decryptedValue = response.ICSF_AES_Response.ResponseText; Encoding sourceByteFormat = Encoding.GetEncoding("IBM037"); Encoding destinationByteFormat = Encoding.ASCII; //Convert from one byte format to other (IBM to ASCII) byte[] ibmEncodedBytes = Encoding.Convert(sourceByteFormat, destinationByteFormat,decryptedValue); return System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(ibmEncodedBytes); } } private static byte[] EncodeTo64(string toEncode) { byte[] dataInBytes = System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(toEncode); Encoding destinationByteFormat = Encoding.GetEncoding("IBM037"); Encoding sourceByteFormat = Encoding.ASCII; //Convert from one byte format to other (ASCII to IBM) byte[] asciiBytes = Encoding.Convert(sourceByteFormat, destinationByteFormat, dataInBytes); return asciiBytes; }

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  • C# 4.0 Optional/Named Parameters Beginner&rsquo;s Tutorial

    - by mbcrump
    One of the interesting features of C# 4.0 is for both named and optional arguments.  They are often very useful together, but are quite actually two different things.  Optional arguments gives us the ability to omit arguments to method invocations. Named arguments allows us to specify the arguments by name instead of by position.  Code using the named parameters are often more readable than code relying on argument position.  These features were long overdue, especially in regards to COM interop. Below, I have included some examples to help you understand them more in depth. Please remember to target the .NET 4 Framework when trying these samples. Code Snippet using System;   namespace ConsoleApplication3 {     class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {               //C# 4.0 Optional/Named Parameters Tutorial               Foo();                              //Prints to the console | Return Nothing 0             Foo("Print Something");             //Prints to the console | Print Something 0             Foo("Print Something", 1);          //Prints to the console | Print Something 1             Foo(x: "Print Something", i: 5);    //Prints to the console | Print Something 5             Foo(i: 5, x: "Print Something");    //Prints to the console | Print Something 5             Foo("Print Something", i: 5);       //Prints to the console | Print Something 5             Foo2(i3: 77);                       //Prints to the console | 77         //  Foo(x:"Print Something", 5);        //Positional parameters must come before named arguments. This will error out.             Console.Read();         }           static void Foo(string x = "Return Nothing", int i = 0)         {             Console.WriteLine(x + " " + i + Environment.NewLine);         }           static void Foo2(int i = 1, int i2 = 2, int i3 = 3, int i4 = 4)         {             Console.WriteLine(i3);         }     } }

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  • What is a good design model for my new class?

    - by user66662
    I am a beginning programmer who, after trying to manage over 2000 lines of procedural php code, now has discovered the value of OOP. I have read a few books to get me up to speed on the beginning theory, but would like some advice on practical application. So,for example, let's say there are two types of content objects - an ad and a calendar event. what my application does is scan different websites (a predefined list), and, when it finds an ad or an event, it extracts the data and saves it to a database. All of my objects will share a $title and $description. However, the Ad object will have a $price and the Event object will have $startDate. Should I have two separate classes, one for each object? Should I have a 'superclass' with the $title and $description with two other Ad and Event classes with their own properties? The latter is at least the direction I am on now. My second question about this design is how to handle the logic that extracts the data for $title, $description, $price, and $date. For each website in my predefined list, there is a specific regex that returns the desired value for each property. Currently, I have an extremely large switch statement in my constructor which determines what website I am own, sets the regex variables accordingly, and continues on. Not only that, but now I have to repeat the logic to determine what site I am on in the constructor of each class. This doesn't feel right. Should I create another class Algorithms and store the logic there for each site? Should the functions of to handle that logic be in this class? or specific to the classes whos properties they set? I want to take into account in my design two things: 1) I will add different content objects in the future that share $title and $description, but will have their own properties, so, I want to be able to easily grow these as needed. 2) I will add more websites constantly (each with their own algorithms for data extraction) so I would like to plan efficienty managing and working with these now. I thought about extending the Ad or Event class with 'websiteX' class and store its functions there. But, this didn't feel right either as now I have to manage 100s of little website specific class files. Note, I didn't know if this was the correct site or stackoverflow was the better choice. If so, let me know and I'll post there.

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  • How to set up VirtualBox Bridged Network on Windows 7 Host?

    - by Tong Wang
    I have virtualbox running on a Windows 2008 server, with a guest running ubuntu 10.04. The ubuntu guest is given a static IP of 192.168.1.4, which also has openssh installed. The guest has bridged network setup, I can ping 192.168.1.4 from any machine in the LAN, the ubuntu guest can also access the LAN. However, when I try to PuTTY into the ubuntu machine, I always get "connection refused". Below are some setup details: ubuntu IP: 192.168.1.4 hosts.allow sshd : 192.168.1.38 hosts.deny ALL : ALL when I the following command, I can see that sshd is listening on port 22: lsof -i tcp:22 Any idea? EDIT: It turned out to be a wrong VirtualBox Bridged Network setup. I give the Ubuntu guest a static IP of 192.168.1.4 (assigned to eth0). Then in the Windows 7 host, in the Network and Sharing Center, there is a new connection named "VirtualBox Host-Only Network" after the bridge is setup, that connection is again given the same static IP of 192.168.1.4. Once I change the "VirtualBox Host-Only Network" to automatically obtain an IP address, it's getting a different IP address of 169.254.249.70(Tentative). And now I can SSH into 192.168.1.4 with no problem, even without touching hosts.allow and hosts.deny. I've also noticed that in the properties windows (see screenshot below) of the "VirtualBox Host-Only Network", the second checkbox, "VirtualBox Bridged Networking Driver" is unchecked. While the same checkbox of the physical NIC (that is bridged to) is checked. So my further question is: is this how VBox bridged networking supposed to be setup? Any rationale behind this? I'd appreciate if someone could provide some explaination on VBox bridged networking setup on Windows host and I'll accept it as an answer.

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