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  • Why doesn't Python have a "flatten" function for lists?

    - by Hubro
    Erlang and Ruby both come with functions for flattening arrays. It seems like such a simple and useful tool to add to a language. One could do this: >>> mess = [[1, [2]], 3, [[[4, 5]], 6]] >>> mess.flatten() [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Or even: >>> import itertools >>> mess = [[1, [2]], 3, [[[4, 5]], 6]] >>> list(itertools.flatten(mess)) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Instead, in Python, one has to go through the trouble of writing a function for flattening arrays from scratch. This seems silly to me, flattening arrays is such a common thing to do. It's like having to write a custom function for concatenating two arrays. I have Googled this fruitlessly, so I'm asking here; is there a particular reason why a mature language like Python 3, which comes with a hundred thousand various batteries included, doesn't provide a simple method of flattening arrays? Has the idea of including such a function been discussed and rejected at some point?

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  • Web Designer and/or Developer

    - by chimps
    we've outsourced our app development, the dev's have created a DB hosted on Amazon-EC2. we're in talks with a web designer for website but the designer does not do any backend integration. i.e connect the website with DB created by app developers do you recommend getting designs from the designer and getting a freelancer to do the front-back end integration, I mean would there be issues/complications? Or go with designer who provides the complete package?

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  • Difference between a pseudo code and algorithm?

    - by Vamsi Emani
    Technically, Is there a difference between these two words or can we use them interchangeably? Both of them more or less describe the logical sequence of steps that follow in solving a problem. ain't it? SO why do we actually use two such words if they are meant to talk of the same? Or, In case if they aren't synonymous words, What is it that differentiates them? In what contexts are we supposed to use the word pseudo code vs the word algorithm? Thanks.

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  • When should a method of a class return the same instance after modifying itself?

    - by modiX
    I have a class that has three methods A(), B() and C(). Those methods modify the own instance. While the methods have to return an instance when the instance is a separate copy (just as Clone()), I got a free choice to return void or the same instance (return this;) when modifying the same instance in the method and not returning any other value. When deciding for returning the same modified instance, I can do neat method chains like obj.A().B().C();. Would this be the only reason for doing so? Is it even okay to modify the own instance and return it, too? Or should it only return a copy and leave the original object as before? Because when returning the same modified instance the user would maybe admit the returned value is a copy, otherwise it would not be returned? If it's okay, what's the best way to clarify such things on the method?

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  • Why don't we use dynamic (server-side generated) CSS?

    - by ern0
    As server-side generated HTML is trivial (and it was the only way to make dynamic webpages before AJAX), server-side generated CSS is not. Actually, I've never seen it. There are CSS compilers, but they generate CSS files which can be used as static. Technically, it requires no special libraries, the HTML style tag should reference to the PHP(/ASP/whatever) templater script instead of the static CSS file, and the script should send out CSS content-type header - that's all. Does it have cache problems? I don't think so. The script should send out no-cache etc. headers. Is it problem for designers? No, they should edit the CSS template (as they edit the HTML template). Why we don't use dynamic CSS generators? Or if there's any, please let me know.

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  • Is there a constant for "end of time"?

    - by Nick Rosencrantz
    For some systems, the time value 9999-12-31 is used as the "end of time" as the end of the time that the computer can calculate. But what if it changes? Wouldn't it be better to define this time as a builtin variable? In C and other programming languages there usually is a variable such as MAX_INT or similar to get the largest value an integer could have. Why is there not a similar function for MAX_TIME i.e. set the variable to the "end of time" which for many systems usually is 9999-12-31. To avoid the problem of hardcoding to a wrong year (9999) could these systems introduce a variable for the "end of time"?

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  • B.S.in Computer Science, weak eyes => career change

    - by Prometheus
    So I am going to earn B.S. in Computer Science soon. I like computers. I like programming. The problem is that my eyes are very weak. Depending on their condition, I can only put in about 6 hours in front of computer a day. If I push myself, I have trouble even keeping my eyes open because of soreness/pain, consequently headaches. My eyes do not have medical conditions. I was just born with weak eyes. I tried many different approaches to work around this problem - better monitor, breaks every 10 minutes, supplements... I even memorized a lot of shortcuts to reduce my time on computers! But I am finally giving up. I do not think I can be a programmer for the rest of my life. I was the top of my class in high school because all works were paper-based, I did average in college due to the nature of my eyes and the difficulty of the material. So what do you recommend I do? Or, Is there a career that is similar to programming but requires interacting with computers less?

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  • How to protect a peer-to-peer network from inappropriate content?

    - by Mike
    I’m developing a simple peer-to-peer app in .Net which should enable users to share specific content (text and picture files). As I've learned with my last question, inappropriate content can “relatively” easily be identified / controlled in a centralized environment. But what about a peer-to-peer network, what are the best methods to protect a decentralized system from unwanted (illegal) content? At the moment I only see the following two methods: A protocol (a set of rules) defines what kind of data (e.g. only .txt and jpg-files, not bigger than 20KB etc.) can be shared over the p2p-network and all clients (peers) must implement this protocol. If a peer doesn’t, it gets blocked by other peers. Pro: easy to implement. Con: It’s not possible to define the perfect protocol (I think eMail-Spam filters have the same problem) Some kind of rating/reputation system must be implemented (similar to stackoverflow), so “bad guys” and inappropriate content can be identified / blocked by other users. Pro: Would be very accurate. Con: Would be slow and in my view technically very hard to implement. Are there other/better solutions? Any answer or comment is highly appreciated.

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  • Eclipse vs. Aptana

    - by RPK
    I know that Eclipse is a universal IDE and variety of plugins are available to scale it. What is the difference between: The original Eclipse IDE, Aptana and NetBeans. I looked into Wikipedia and came to know that the latter two originate from the main Eclipse. For Aptana specially, what was the need to reproduce a new variant that resembles too much with its base IDE? If your preferred choice is Eclipse itself, what makes it unique as compared to the other two.

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  • Releasing an open source project without getting embarrassed

    - by Hopeful
    I've been working by myself on a fairly large open source project for quite a while and it's nearing the point where I'd like to release it. However, I'm self-taught and I don't really know anyone who could adequately review my project. A few years ago, I had released a small bit of code which pretty much got ripped apart (in a critical sense) on the forum where I released it. Even though the code worked, the criticism was accurate but brutal. It prompted me to begin searching for best practices for everything and in the end I feel that it made me a much better developer. I've gone over everything in my project so many times trying to make it perfect that I've lost count. I believe in my project and think it has the potential to help a lot of people and I feel like I've done some cool things in interesting ways with it. Still, because I'm self-taught, I can't help but wonder what gaps exist in my self-education. The way my code was ripped apart last time isn't something I'd like to repeat. I think my two biggest fears with releasing my project that I've poured countless hours into are being absolutely embarrassed because I missed some patently obvious things because of my self-education or, worse, releasing it to the sound of crickets. Is there anyone who has been in a similar situation? I'm not afraid of constructive criticism, so long as it is constructive and not just a rant on how I screwed up. I know there is a code review site on StackExchange, but it's not really set up for large projects and I didn't feel like the community there is large enough yet to get good feedback if I were to post parts of my project piecemeal (I tried with one file). What can I do to give my project at least some measure of success without getting embarrassed or devestated in the process?

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  • Builder Pattern: When to fail?

    - by skiwi
    When implementing the Builder Pattern, I often find myself confused with when to let building fail and I even manage to take different stands on the matter every few days. First some explanation: With failing early I mean that building an object should fail as soon as an invalid parameter is passed in. So inside the SomeObjectBuilder. With failing late I mean that building an object only can fail on the build() call that implicitely calls a constructor of the object to be built. Then some arguments: In favor of failing late: A builder class should be no more than a class that simply holds values. Moreover, it leads to less code duplication. In favor of failing early: A general approach in software programming is that you want to detect issues as early as possible and therefore the most logical place to check would be in the builder class' constructor, 'setters' and ultimately in the build method. What is the general concensus about this?

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  • Designing a Database Application with OOP

    - by Tim C
    I often develop SQL database applications using Linq, and my methodology is to build model classes to represent each table, and each table that needs inserting or updating gets a Save() method (which either does an InsertOnSubmit() or SubmitChanges(), depending on the state of the object). Often, when I need to represent a collection of records, I'll create a class that inherits from a List-like object of the atomic class. ex. public class CustomerCollection : CoreCollection<Customer> { } Recently, I was working on an application where end-users were experiencing slowness, where each of the objects needed to be saved to the database if they met a certain criteria. My Save() method was slow, presumably because I was making all kinds of round-trips to the server, and calling DataContext.SubmitChanges() after each atomic save. So, the code might have looked something like this foreach(Customer c in customerCollection) { if(c.ShouldSave()) { c.Save(); } } I worked through multiple strategies to optimize, but ultimately settled on passing a big string of data to a SQL stored procedure, where the string has all the data that represents the records I was working with - it might look something like this: CustomerID:34567;CurrentAddress:23 3rd St;CustomerID:23456;CurrentAddress:123 4th St So, SQL server parses the string, performs the logic to determine appropriateness of save, and then Inserts, Updates, or Ignores. With C#/Linq doing this work, it saved 5-10 records / s. When SQL does it, I get 100 records / s, so there is no denying the Stored Proc is more efficient; however, I hate the solution because it doesn't seem nearly as clean or safe. My real concern is that I don't have any better solutions that hold a candle to the performance of the stored proc solution. Am I doing something obviously wrong in how I'm thinking about designing database applications? Are there better ways of designing database applications?

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  • Am I permitted to use an LGPL library without releasing the source to the rest of my application, if I dynamically reference the library?

    - by user185812
    I am a bit confused as to what I am/am not allowed to do with a LGPL Library that I intend on using in a small scale commercial C++ Application that I am developing. My current understanding, although I don't know if I am correct, is that I am permitted use the library without releasing the source to the rest of my application if I dynamically reference the library. Does anyone know if this is correct? Are there any restrictions as to how I reference the library? Thank You! I am not a native English speaker and don't understand the licence entirely.

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  • The C++ web stack, is there one?

    - by NimChimpsky
    Java would be jsps and servlets (or a framework such as Spring) running on the JVM and tomcat (or glassfish etc). C# would be asp and C# running on dot.net framework and IIS ? (I have no experience with this please correct and improve my terminology) Is there an equivalent for C++ ? I could happily call some C++ from a java servlet/controller but was wondering if there are existing frameworks and libraries out there specifically for creating business logic in C++ with a web front end.

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  • IL and case-sensitivity

    - by Ali .NET
    Quoted from A Brief Introduction To IL code, CLR, CTS, CLS and JIT In .NET CLS stands for Common Language Specifications. It is a subset of CTS. CLS is a set of rules or guidelines which if followed ensures that code written in one .NET language can be used by another .NET language. For example one rule is that we cannot have member functions with same name with case difference only i.e we should not have add() and Add(). This may work in C# because it is case-sensitive but if try to use that C# code in VB.NET, it is not possible because VB.NET is not case-sensitive. Based on above text I want to confirm two points here: Does the case-sensitivity of IL is a condition for member functions only, and not for member properties? Is it true that C# wouldn't be inter-operable with VB.NET if it didn't take care of the case sensitivity?

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  • Dark themes in IDE with multiple monitors

    - by nivlam
    There has been numerous posts about developers that prefer a dark color scheme in their IDE. Most of the themes at studiostyl.es are dark themes. Back when I had a single monitor, I did enjoy using a dark theme since it was easier on the eyes. But now that I utilize multiple monitors, I find dark themes actually hurt my eyes. Most of the time I have my IDE open on one monitor and a browser/email/documentation open on my other monitors. Only my IDE has a dark theme and most of websites/documentation have a white background. This forces my eyes to constantly adjust between my dark IDE and the white website, which puts strain on my eyes. I'm sure I'm not the only person who tries to use a dark theme for the IDE and have multiple monitors. How do other people deal with this issue?

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  • Did the developers of Java conciously abandon RAII?

    - by JoelFan
    As a long-time C# programmer, I have recently come to learn more about the advantages of Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII). In particular, I have discovered that the C# idiom: using (my dbConn = new DbConnection(connStr) { // do stuff with dbConn } has the C++ equivalent: { DbConnection dbConn(connStr); // do stuff with dbConn } meaning that remembering to enclose the use of resources like DbConnection in a using block is unnecessary in C++ ! This seems to a major advantage of C++. This is even more convincing when you consider a class that has an instance member of type DbConnection, for example class Foo { DbConnection dbConn; // ... } In C# I would need to have Foo implement IDisposable as such: class Foo : IDisposable { DbConnection dbConn; public void Dispose() { dbConn.Dispose(); } } and what's worse, every user of Foo would need to remember to enclose Foo in a using block, like: using (var foo = new Foo()) { // do stuff with "foo" } Now looking at C# and its Java roots I am wondering... did the developers of Java fully appreciate what they were giving up when they abandoned the stack in favor of the heap, thus abandoning RAII? (Similarly, did Stroustrup fully appreciate the significance of RAII?)

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  • asp.net mvc vs angular.js model binding

    - by aw04
    So I've noticed a trend lately of .net web developers using angular.js on the client side of applications and I've become more curious as I play around with angular and compare it to how I would do things in asp.net mvc. I'll give a quick example of what really got me thinking. I recently came across a situation at work (I work in a .net environment) where I needed to create a table bound to a collection of objects that had the ability to add and remove rows/items from the collection. I had an add button that created a new object and appended a row to the end of the table, and a remove button in each row to remove a particular object/row. Using asp.net mvc, I first found myself making an ajax call to the server for each operation, updating the server side model, and refreshing part of the page to show the result in the table. This worked but I didn't really like the idea of calling the server to update the model each time, so I tried to come up with a solution to do this on the client side. It turned out to be quite a task, as I had to generate the html on add with validation and all and the correct indexing for the model binding to work. It got worse on remove, as I ended up with a crazy string replace function to recreate the indexes on each item to satisfy the binding requirements (if an item other than the last is removed, the indexes are no longer correct). Now out of curiosity, I tried to recreate this at home in angular (which I had no experience with) and it took me all of about 10 minutes with simple functions to add and remove items from the client side model. This is just one example, but it seems to me that I'm able to achieve the same results with far fewer calls to the server in angular because of the fact that it binds to a client side model. So my question is, is this a distinct advantage of using a javascript mvc framework or am I somehow under utilizing the power of asp.net mvc and am I right in thinking that these operations should be done on the client and have no business requiring calls to the server?

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  • One page using querystring or many folders and pages?

    - by ClarkeyBoy
    I have an application where I have the 'core' code in one folder for which there is a virtual directory in the root, such that I can include any core files using /myApp/core/bla.asp. I then have two folders outside of this with a default.asp which currently use the querystring to define what page should be displayed. One page is for general users, the other will only be accessible to users who have permission to manage users / usergroups / permissions. The core code checks the querystring and then checks the permissions for that user. An example of this as it is now is default.asp?action=view&viewtype=list&objectid=server. I am not worried about SEO as this is an internal app and uses Windows Auth. My question is, is it better the way it is now or would it be better to have something like the following: /server/view/list/ /server/view/?id=123 /server/create/ /server/edit/?id=123 /server/remove/?id=123 In the above folders I would have a home page which defines all the variables which are currently determined by the querystring - in /server/create/ for example, I would define the action as 'create', object name as 'server' and so on. In terms of future development, I really have no idea which method would be best. I think the 2nd method would be best in terms of following what page does what but this is such a huge change to make at this stage that I would really like some opinions, preferably based on experience. PS Sorry if the tags are wrong - I am new to this forum and thought this was a bit too much of a discussion for StackOverflow as that is very much right / wrong answer based. I got the idea SE is more discussion based.

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  • Why was Objective-C popularity so sudden on TIOBE index?

    - by l46kok
    I'd like to ask a question that is pretty similar to the one being asked here, but for Objective-C. According to TIOBE rankings, the rise of popularity of Objective-C is unprecedented. This is obviously tied to the popularity of Apple products, but I feel like this might be a hasty conclusion to make since it doesn't really explain the stagnant growth of Java (1. There are way more Android O/S devices distributed worldwide, 2. Java is used in virtually every platform one can imagine) Now I haven't programmed in Objective-C at all, but I'd like to ask if there are any unique features or advantages about the language itself compared to other prevalent languages such as C++, Java, C#, Python etc. What are some other factors that contributed into the rise of Objective-C in this short span of time?

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  • Work Item Traceability in TFS 2010

    - by Sam Patrick
    I have created a Windows Form project (VS solution) under a TFS 2010 project. I may eventually add more solutions to the TFS project. My question: Can we create a Use Case WIT for a specific solution within a TFS project? Furthermore, is it possible to create a "traceability matrix" that starts at the Use Case level and goes down to the the code level (at least the namespace level) of that particular VS solution?

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  • Equivalent of #map in ruby in golang

    - by Oct
    I'm playing with Go and run into something I'm unable to find in Google, although there is certainly something that exists: I'm using the following struct: type Syntax struct { name string extensions *regexp.Regexp } type Scanner struct { classifier * bayesian.Classifier save_file string name_to_syntax map[string] *Syntax extensions_to_syntax map[*regexp.Regexp] *Syntax } I'd like to perform the following using Go and I'm quoting ruby because it's how I'd do that using ruby: test_regexpes = my_scanner.extensions_to_syntax.keys My goal is to get an array of *regexp.Regexp . Any idea on how to do that in a simple way ? Thank you !

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  • Tic Tac Toe Winner in Javascript and html [closed]

    - by Yehuda G
    I am writing a tic tac toe game using html, css, and JavaScript. I have my JavaScript in an external .js file being referenced into the .html file. Within the .js file, I have a function called playerMove, which allows the player to make his/her move and switches between player 'x' and 'o'. What I am trying to do is determine the winner. Here is what I have: each square, when onclick(this), references playerMove(piece). After each move is made, I want to run an if statement to check for the winner, but am unsure if the parameters would include a reference to 'piece' or a,b, and c. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Javascript: var turn = 0; a = document.getElementById("topLeftSquare").innerHTML; b = document.getElementById("topMiddleSquare").innerHTML; c = document.getElementById("topRightSquare").innerHTML; function playerMove(piece) { var win; if(piece.innerHTML != 'X' && piece.innerHTML != 'O'){ if(turn % 2 == 0){ document.getElementById('playerDisplay').innerHTML= "X Plays " + printEquation(1); piece.innerHTML = 'X'; window.setInterval("X", 10000) piece.style.color = "red"; if(piece.innerHTML == 'X') window.alert("X WINS!"); } else { document.getElementById('playerDisplay').innerHTML= "O Plays " + printEquation(1); piece.innerHTML = 'O'; piece.style.color = "brown"; } turn+=1; } html: <div id="board"> <div class="topLeftSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="topMiddleSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="topRightSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="middleLeftSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="middleSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="middleRightSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="bottomLeftSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="bottomMiddleSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> <div class="bottomRightSquare" onclick="playerMove(this)"> </div> </div>

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  • Productivity vs Security [closed]

    - by nerijus
    Really do not know is this right place to ask such a questions. But it is about programming in a different light. So, currently contracting with company witch pretends to be big corporation. Everyone is so important that all small issues like developers are ignored. Give you a sample: company VPN is configured so that if you have VPN then HTTP traffic is banned. Bearing this in mind can you imagine my workflow: Morning. Ok time to get latest source. Ups, no VPN. Let’s connect. Click-click. 3 sec. wait time. Ok getting source. Do I have emails? Ups. VPN is on, can’t check my emails. Need to wait for source to come up. Finally here it is! Ok Click-click VPN is gone. What is in my email. Someone reported a bug. Good, let’s track it down. It is in TFS already. Oh, dam, I need VPN. Click-click. Ok, there is description. Yea, I have seen this issue in stachoverflow.com. Let’s go there. Ups, no internet. Click-click. No internet. What? IPconfig… DHCP server kicked me out. Dam. Renew ip. 1..2..3. Ok internet is back. Google: site: stachoverflow.com 3 min. I have solution. Great I love stackoverflow.com. Don’t want to remember days where there was no stackoveflow.com. Ok. Copy paste this like to studio. Dam, studio is stalled, can’t reach files on TFS. Click-click. VPN is back. Get source out, paste my code. Grand. Let’s see what other comments about an issue in stackoverflow.com tells. Hmm.. There is a link. Click. Dammit! No internet. Click-click. No internet. DHCP kicked me out. Dammit. Now it is even worse: this happens 3-4 times a day. After certain amount of VPN connections open\closed my internet goes down solid. Only way to get internet back is reboot. All my browser tabs/SQL windows/studio will be gone. This happened just now when I am typing this. Back to issue I am solving right now: I am getting frustrated - I do not care about better solution for this issue. Let’s do it somehow and forget. This Click-click barrier between internet and TFS kills me… Sounds familiar? You could say there are VPN settings to change. No! This is company laptop, not allowed to do changes. I am very very lucky to have admin privileges on my machine. Most of developers don’t. So just learned to live with this frustration. It takes away 40-60 minutes daily. Tried to email company support, admins. They are too important ant too busy with something that just ignored my little man’s problem. Politely ignored. Question is: Is this normal in corporate world? (Have been in States, Canada, Germany. Never seen this.)

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  • How relevant is UTF-7 when it comes to parsing emails?

    - by J. Pablo Fernández
    I recently implemented incoming emails for an application and boy, did I open the gates of hell? Since then every other day an email arrives that makes the app fail in a different way. One of those things is emails encoded as UTF-7. Most emails come as ASCII, some of the Latin encodings, or thankfully, UTF-8. Hotmail error messages (like email address doesn't exist or quota exceeded) seem to come as UTF-7. Unfortunately, UTF-7 is not an encoding Ruby understands: > "hello world".encode("utf-8", "utf-7") Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError: code converter not found (UTF-7 to UTF-8) > Encoding::UTF_7 => #<Encoding:UTF-7 (dummy)> My application doesn't crash, it actually handles the email quite well, but it does send me a notification about the potential error. I spent some time googling and I can't find anyone that implemented the conversion, at least not as a Ruby 1.9.3 Encoding::Converter. So, my question is, since I never got an email with actual content, from an actual person, in UTF-7, how relevant is that encoding? can I safely ignore it?

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