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  • Why is comparing against "end()" iterator legal?

    - by sharptooth
    According to C++ standard (3.7.3.2/4) using (not only dereferencing, but also copying, casting, whatever else) an invalid pointer is undefined behavior (in case of doubt also see this question). Now the typical code to traverse an STL containter looks like this: std::vector<int> toTraverse; //populate the vector for( std::vector<int>::iterator it = toTraverse.begin(); it != toTraverse.end(); ++it ) { //process( *it ); } std::vector::end() is an iterator onto the hypothetic element beyond the last element of the containter. There's no element there, therefore using a pointer through that iterator is undefined behavior. Now how does the != end() work then? I mean in order to do the comparison an iterator needs to be constructed wrapping an invalid address and then that invalid address will have to be used in a comparison which again is undefined behavior. Is such comparison legal and why?

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  • Determining if Memory Pointer is Valid - C++

    - by Jim Fell
    It has been my observation that if free( ptr ) is called where ptr is not a valid pointer to system-allocated memory, an access violation occurs. Let's say that I call free like this: LPVOID ptr = (LPVOID)0x12345678; free( ptr ); This will most definitely cause an access violation. Is there a way to test that the memory location pointed to by ptr is valid system-allocated memory? It seems to me that the the memory management part of the Windows OS kernel must know what memory has been allocated and what memory remains for allocation. Otherwise, how could it know if enough memory remains to satisfy a given request? (rhetorical) That said, it seems reasonable to conclude that there must be a function (or set of functions) that would allow a user to determine if a pointer is valid system-allocated memory. Perhaps Microsoft has not made these functions public. If Microsoft has not provided such an API, I can only presume that it was for an intentional and specific reason. Would providing such a hook into the system prose a significant threat to system security? Situation Report Although knowing whether a memory pointer is valid could be useful in many scenarios, this is my particular situation: I am writing a driver for a new piece of hardware that is to replace an existing piece of hardware that connects to the PC via USB. My mandate is to write the new driver such that calls to the existing API for the current driver will continue to work in the PC applications in which it is used. Thus the only required changes to existing applications is to load the appropriate driver DLL(s) at startup. The problem here is that the existing driver uses a callback to send received serial messages to the application; a pointer to allocated memory containing the message is passed from the driver to the application via the callback. It is then the responsibility of the application to call another driver API to free the memory by passing back the same pointer from the application to the driver. In this scenario the second API has no way to determine if the application has actually passed back a pointer to valid memory.

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  • c++/cli pass (managed) delegate to unmanaged code

    - by Ron Klein
    How do I pass a function pointer from managed C++ (C++/CLI) to an unmanaged method? I read a few articles, like this one from MSDN, but it describes two different assemblies, while I want only one. Here is my code: 1) Header (MyInterop.ManagedCppLib.h): #pragma once using namespace System; namespace MyInterop { namespace ManagedCppLib { public ref class MyManagedClass { public: void DoSomething(); }; }} 2) CPP Code (MyInterop.ManagedCppLib.cpp) #include "stdafx.h" #include "MyInterop.ManagedCppLib.h" #pragma unmanaged void UnmanagedMethod(int a, int b, void (*sum)(const int)) { int result = a + b; sum(result); } #pragma managed void MyInterop::ManagedCppLib::MyManagedClass::DoSomething() { System::Console::WriteLine("hello from managed C++"); UnmanagedMethod(3, 7, /* ANY IDEA??? */); } I tried creating my managed delegate and then I tried to use Marshal::GetFunctionPointerForDelegate method, but I couldn't compile.

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  • Objective-c pointer assignment and reassignment dilema

    - by moshe
    Hi, If I do this: 1 NSMutableArray *near = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; 2 NSMutableArray *all = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; 3 NSMutableArray *current = near; 4 current = all; What happens to near? At line 3, am I setting current to point to the same address as near so that I now have two variables pointing to the same place in memory, or am I setting current to point to the location of near in memory such that I now have this structure: current - near - NSMutableArray The obvious difference would be the value of near at line 4. If the former is happening, near is untouched and still points to its initial place in memory. If the latter is happening,

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  • Event Dispatching, void pointer and alternatives

    - by PeeS
    i have my event dispatching / handling functionality working fine, but there is one issue that i need to resolve. Long story short, here are the details. // The event structure struct tEventMessage { // Type of the event int Type; // (void*) Allows those to be casted into per-Type objects void *pArgument1; void *pArgument2; }; I am sending events from different modules in my engine by using the above structure, which requires a pointer to an argument. All messages are queued, and then dispatched on the next ::Tick(). It works fine, untill i try to send something that doesn't exist in next ::Tick, for example: When a mouse click is being handled, it calculates the click coordinates in world space. This is being sent with a pointer to a vector representing that position, but after my program quits that method, this pointer gets invalid obviously, cause local CVector3 is destructed: CVector2 vScreenSpacePosition = vAt; CVector3 v3DPositionA = CVector3(0,0,0); CVector3 v3DPositionB = CVector3(0,0,0); // Screen space to World space calculation for depth zNear v3DPositionA = CMath::UnProject(vScreenSpacePosition, m_vScreenSize, m_Level.GetCurrentCamera()->getViewMatrix(), m_Level.GetCurrentCamera()->getProjectionMatrix(), -1.0 ); // Screen space to World space calculation for depth zFar v3DPositionB = CMath::UnProject(vScreenSpacePosition, m_vScreenSize, m_Level.GetCurrentCamera()->getViewMatrix(), m_Level.GetCurrentCamera()->getProjectionMatrix(), 1.0); // Send zFar position and ScreenSpace position to the handlers // Obviously both vectors won't be valid after this method quits.. CEventDispatcher::Get()->SendEvent(CIEventHandler::EVENT_SYSTEM_FINGER_DOWN, static_cast<void*>(&v3DPositionB), static_cast<void*>(&vScreenSpacePosition)); What i want to ask is, if there is any chance i could make my tEventMessage more 'template', so i can handle sending objects like in the above situation + use what is already implemented? Can't figure it out at the moment.. What else can be done here to allow me to pass some locally available data ? Please can somebody shed a bit of light on this please?

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  • Adding and sorting a linked list in C

    - by user1202963
    In my assignment, I have to write a function that takes as arguments a pointer to a "LNode" structure and an integer argument. Then, I have to not only add that integer into the linked list, but also put place it so that the list is in proper ascending order. I've tried several various attempts at this, and this is my code as of posting. LNode* AddItem(LNode *headPtr, int newItem) { auto LNode *ptr = headPtr; ptr = malloc(sizeof(LNode)); if (headPtr == NULL) { ptr->value = newItem; ptr->next = headPtr; return ptr; } else { while (headPtr->value > newItem || ptr->next != NULL) { printf("While\n"); // This is simply to let me know how many times the loop runs headPtr = headPtr->next; } ptr->value = newItem; ptr->next = headPtr; return ptr; } } // end of "AddItem" When I run it, and try to insert say a 5 and then a 3, the 5 gets inserted, but then the while loop runs once and I get a segmentation fault. Also I cannot change the arguments as it's part of a skeletal code for this project. Thanks to anyone who can help. If it helps this is what the structure looks like typedef struct LNode { int value; struct LNode *next; } LNode;

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  • The unary increment operator in pointer arithmetic

    - by RhymesWithDuck
    Hello, this is my first post. I have this function for reversing a string in C that I found. void reverse(char* c) { if (*c != 0) { reverse(c + 1); } printf("%c",*c); } It works fine but if I replace: reverse(c + 1); with: reverse(++c); the first character of the original string is truncated. My question is why would are the statements not equivalent in this instance? Thanks

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  • C Structure Pointer Problem

    - by Halo
    I have this struct; #define BUFSIZE 10 struct shared_data { pthread_mutex_t th_mutex_queue; int count; int data_buffer_allocation[BUFSIZE]; int data_buffers[BUFSIZE][100]; }; and I want to allocate one of the data_buffers for a process, for that purpose I execute the following function; int allocate_data_buffer(int pid) { int i; for (i = 0; i < BUFSIZE; i++) { if (sdata_ptr->data_buffer_allocation[i] == NULL) { sdata_ptr->data_buffer_allocation[i] = pid; return i; } } return -1; } but the compiler warns me that I'm comparing pointer to a value. When I put a & in front of sdata_ptr it calms down but I'm not sure if it will work. Isn't what I wrote above supposed to be true?

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  • Can a pointer ever point to itself?

    - by eSKay
    This question was mentioned here. My doubt is: If a pointer variable has the same address as its value, is it really pointing to itself? For example - in the following piece of code, is a a pointer to itself? #include<stdio.h> int main(){ int* a; int b = (int)&a; a = b; printf("address of a = %d\n", &a); printf(" value of a = %d\n", a); } If a is not a pointer to itself, then the same question poses again: Can a pointer point to itself? Also, how is a self pointing pointer useful?

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  • Loop with pointer arithmetic refuse to stay within boundary in C. Gives me segfault.

    - by Fred
    Hi have made this function which is made to replicate an error that I can't get past. It looks like this: void enumerate(double *c, int size){ while(c < &c[size]){ printf("%lf\n", *c); c++; } } I have added some printf's in there and it gives me: Adressof c: 0x100100080, Adressof c + size: 0x1001000a8 I then also print the address of c for each iteration of the loop, it reaches 0x1001000a8 but continues past this point even though the condition should be false as far as I can tell until I get a segfault. If anyone can spot the problem, please tell me, I have been staring at this for a while now. Thanks.

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  • C++ function-pointer and inheritance

    - by pingvinus
    In parent class I have function, that operates under an array of functions, declared in child-class, number of functions for every child-class may vary. But since every function uses some object-variables, I can't declare them as static. I've try to do something like this: class A { public: typedef int (A::*func)(); func * fs; void f() { /*call functions from this->fs*/ } }; class B : public A { public: int smth; B(int smth) { this->smth = smth; this->fs = new func[1]; fs[0] = &B::f; } int f() { return smth + 1; } }; But, obviously it doesn't work. Any suggestions?

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  • Writing a printList method for a Scheme interpreter in C

    - by Rehan Rasool
    I am new to C and working on making an interpreter for Scheme. I am trying to get a suitable printList method to traverse through the structure. The program takes in an input like: (a (b c)) and internally represent it as: [""][ ][ ]--> [""][ ][/] | | ["A"][/][/] [""][ ][ ]--> [""][ ][/] | | ["B"][/][/] ["C"][/][/] Right now, I just want the program to take in the input, make the appropriate cell structure internally and print out the cell structure, thereby getting (a (b c)) at the end. Here is my struct: typedef struct conscell *List; struct conscell { char symbol; struct conscell *first; struct conscell *rest; }; void printList(char token[20]){ List current = S_Expression(token, 0); printf("("); printf("First Value? %c \n", current->first->symbol); printf("Second value? %c \n", current->rest->first->first->symbol); printf("Third value? %c \n", current->rest->first->rest->first->symbol); printf(")"); } In the main method, I get the first token and call: printList(token); I tested the values again for the sublists and I think it is working. However, I will need a method to traverse through the whole structure. Please look at my printList code again. The print calls are what I have to type, to manually get the (a (b c)) list values. So I get this output: First value? a First value? b First value? c It is what I want, but I want a method to do it using a loop, no matter how complex the structure is, also adding brackets where appropriate, so in the end, I should get: (a (b c)) which is the same as the input. Can anyone please help me with this?

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  • How to pass a member function to a function used in another member function?

    - by Tommaso Ferrari
    I found something about my problem, but I don't already understand very well. I need to do something like this: class T{ double a; public: double b; void setT(double par){ a=par; }; double funct(double par1) { return par1/a; } void exec(){ b=extfunct(funct, 10); } } double extfunct(double (*f)(double),double par2){ return f(par2)+5; } Operation and function are only for example, but the structure is that. The reason of this structure is that I have a precostituited class which finds the minimum of a gived function (it's extfunct in the example). So I have to use it on a function member of a class. I understood the difference between pointer to function and pointer to member function, but I don't understand how to write it. Thanks, and sorry for the poor explanation of the problem.

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  • What is "null pointer assignment error"?

    - by sharptooth
    One of job interview questions on C pointer here is the following: what is null pointer assignment error? I've googled for a while and don't see any reasonable explanation. What is that? Trying to write through a null pointer? Something architecture- or environment-specific? What exactly is that error?

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  • How does compiler understand the pointer type?

    - by Narek
    How c++ compiler understands the pointer type? As I know pointer has a size equal to WORD of the OS (32 or 64). So does it store dome info in that 32(or 64) bits about type? Just because you can not have a pointer on one type and assign to that pointer another pointer with a different type.

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  • segmentation fault when using pointer to pointer

    - by user3697730
    I had been trying to use a pointer to pointer in a function,but is seems that I am not doing the memory allocation correctly... My code is: #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> #include<ctype.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> struct list{ int data; struct list *next; }; void abc (struct list **l,struct list **l2) { *l2=NULL; l2=(struct list**)malloc( sizeof(struct list*)); (*l)->data=12; printf("%d",(*l)->data); (*l2)->next=*l2; } int main() { struct list *l,*l2; abc(&l,&l2); system("pause"); return(0); } This code compiles,but I cannot run thw program..I get a segmentation fault..What should I do?Any help would be appreciated!

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  • system crash after declaring global object of the class

    - by coming out of void
    hi, i am very new to c++. i am getting system crash (not compilation error) in doing following: i am declaring global pointer of class. BGiftConfigFile *bgiftConfig; class BGiftConfigFile : public EftBarclaysGiftConfig { } in this class i am reading tags from xml file. it is crashing system when this pointer is used to retrieve value. i am doing coding for verifone terminal. int referenceSetting = bgiftConfig->getreferencesetting(); //system error getreferencesetting() is member fuction of class EftBarclaysGiftConfig i am confused about behavior of pointer in this case. i know i am doing something wrong but couldn't rectify it. When i declare one object of class locally it retrieves the value properly. BGiftConfigFile bgiftConfig1; int referenceSetting = bgiftConfig1->getreferencesetting(); //working But if i declare this object global it also crashes the system. i need to fetch values at different location in my code so i forced to use someting global. please suggest me how to rectify this problem.

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  • C++ compilation error when passing a function into remove_if

    - by garsh0p
    So here's a snippet of my code. void RoutingProtocolImpl::removeAllInfinity() { dv.erase(std::remove_if(dv.begin(), dv.end(), hasInfCost), dv.end()); } bool RoutingProtocolImpl::hasInfCost(RoutingProtocolImpl::dv_entry *entry) { if (entry-link_cost == INFINITY_COST) { free(entry); return true; } else { return false; } } I'm getting the following error when compiling: RoutingProtocolImpl.cc:368: error: argument of type bool (RoutingProtocolImpl::)(RoutingProtocolImpl::dv_entry*)' does not matchbool (RoutingProtocolImpl::*)(RoutingProtocolImpl::dv_entry*)' Sorry, I'm kind of a C++ newb.

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  • C++ destructor problem with boost::scoped_ptr

    - by bb-generation
    I have a question about the following code: #include <iostream> #include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp> class Interface { }; class A : public Interface { public: A() { std::cout << "A()" << std::endl; } virtual ~A() { std::cout << "~A()" << std::endl; } }; Interface* get_a() { A* a = new A; return a; } int main() { { std::cout << "1" << std::endl; boost::scoped_ptr<Interface> x(get_a()); std::cout << "2" << std::endl; } std::cout << "3" << std::endl; } It creates the following output: 1 A() 2 3 As you can see, it doesn't call the destructor of A. The only way I see to get the destructor of A being called, is to add a destructor for the Interface class like this: virtual ~Interface() { } But I really want to avoid any Implementation in my Interface class and virtual ~Interface() = 0; doesn't work (produces some linker errors complaining about a non existing implementation of ~Interface(). So my question is: What do I have to change in order to make the destructor being called, but (if possible) leave the Interface as an Interface (only abstract methods).

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  • C++ dynamic array causes segmentation fault at assigment

    - by opc0de
    I am doing a application witch uses sockets so I am holding in an array the sockets handles.I have the following code: while(0 == 0){ int * tx = (int*)(malloc((nr_con + 2) * sizeof(int))); if (conexiuni != NULL) { syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Ajung la eliberare %d",nr_con); memcpy(&tx[0],&conexiuni[0],(sizeof(int) * (nr_con))); syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Ajung la eliberare %d",nr_con); free(conexiuni); } conexiuni = tx; syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Ajung la mama %d",nr_con); //The line bellow causes a segfault at second connection if ((conexiuni[nr_con] = accept(hsock,(sockaddr*)(&sadr),&addr_size)) != -1) { nr_con++; syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Primesc de la %s",inet_ntoa(sadr.sin_addr)); syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"kkt %d",conexiuni[nr_con - 1]); int * sz = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); *sz = conexiuni[nr_con - 1]; syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"after %d",*sz); pthread_create(&tidi,0,&ConexiuniHandler, sz); } } When I connect the second time when I assign the array the program crashes. What am I doing wrong? I tried the same code on Windows and it works well but on Linux it crashes.

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