json framework - Page 259

How to fix error "To run this application, you first must install one of the following version of the .Net Framework: v2.0.50727"?

- by Gravitas

How do I fix the error that started popping up in a lot of applications: To run this application, you first must install one of the following version of the .Net Framework: v2.0.50727. Would you like to download an install version v2.0.50727 of the .NET framework now? Unfortunately, this is not as simple as just installing the .NET 2.0 runtime, because its already installed. If I run the recommended installers for .NET 2.0 or .NET 3.5 SP1, it exits silently. Events leading to problem: Installed SQL Server 2008 R2, which installs a toy version of Visual Studio 2008 that only deals with SQL specific projects. Uninstalled Visual Studio 2008.

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Android: Cannot get the httpPost params but can get the httpGet from php

- by jjLin

Here is my android code to send request: // defaultHttpClient DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(serverUrl); List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("abc", "abc2")); httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params)); HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost); HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity(); InputStream is = null; is = httpEntity.getContent(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( is, "UTF-8"), 8); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); String line = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line + "\n"); } is.close(); String json = ""; json = sb.toString(); Log.d("JSON", "JSON is:" + json); and here is my php code to get the request: <?php echo $_POST['abc']; ?> When I run the application, the string json is nothing. I expect to get JSON is:abc2 Then I change the some code, in android part: HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(serverUrl); change to: HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(serverUrl + "?abc=abc3"); in php part: <?php echo $_GET['abc']; ?> This time, the string json in logcat is JSON is:abc3. It is correct!! I have tried lots of time, but seems cannot send HttpPost request with params. Any one can help me to find out what wrongs with my code??

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parsing python to csv

- by user185955

I'm trying to download some game stats to do some analysis, only problem is each season the data their isn't 100% consistent. I grab the json file from the site, then wish to save it to a csv with the first line in the csv containing the heading for that column, so the heading would be essentially the key from the python data type. #!/usr/bin/env python import requests import json import csv base_url = 'http://www.afl.com.au/api/cfs/afl/' token_url = base_url + 'WMCTok' player_url = base_url + 'matchItems/round' def printPretty(data): print(json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=2, separators=(',', ': '))) session = requests.Session() # session makes it simple to use the token across the requests token = session.post(token_url).json()['token'] # get the token session.headers.update({'X-media-mis-token': token}) # set the token Season = 2014 Roundno = 4 if Roundno<10: strRoundno = '0'+str(Roundno) else: strRoundno = str(Roundno) # get some data (could easily be a for loop, might want to put in a delay using Sleep so that you don't get IP blocked) data = session.get(player_url + '/CD_R'+str(Season)+'014'+strRoundno) # print everything printPretty(data.json()) with open('stats_game_test.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile: spamwriter = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter="'",quotechar='|', quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL) for profile in data.json()['items']: spamwriter.writerow(['%s' %(profile)]) #for key in data.json().keys(): # print("key: %s , value: %s" % (key, data.json()[key])) The above code grabs the json and writes it to a csv, but it puts the key in each individual cell next to the value (eg 'venueId': 'CD_V190'), the key needs to be just across the first row as a heading. It gives me a csv file with data in the cells like this Column A B 'tempInCelsius': 17.0 'totalScore': 32 'tempInCelsius': 16.0 'totalScore': 28 What I want is the data like this tempInCelsius totalScore 17 32 16 28 As I mentioned up the top, the data isn't always consistent so if I define what fields to grab with spamwriter.writerow([profile['tempInCelsius'], profile['totalScore']]) then it will error out on certain data grabs. This is why I'm now trying the above method so it just grabs everything regardless of what data is there.

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.net framework sdk version(csc.exe) using vcbuild.exe on the command line.

- by r9r9r9

I create a c# class library project named: testVcBuild, then use vcbuild.exe to build the project in the command line like: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\vcpackages>vcbuild testVcBuild.csproj "Debug|Win32" the out put shows: Microsoft (R) Visual C++ Project Builder - Command Line Version 9.00.21022 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft (R) Build Engine Version 2.0.50727.4927 [Microsoft .NET Framework, Version 2.0.50727.4927] Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 2005. All rights reserved. I found that the vcbuild.exe always call the "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Csc.exe /noconfig .." the problem is how can I change the Framework version to v3.5? I found my project works fine with the v3.5 but it's broken in the v2.0.50727. I try to use msbuild.exe instead of vcbuild.exe, everything goes well, I just don't understand how can I make it with the vcbuild.exe? win7+vs2005+vs2008 installed.

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How do I properly add the Kal framework to my iPhone project?

- by BeachRunnerJoe

I'm new to iPhone development and I'm having trouble using the 3rd part Kal framework in my project. I can't find any documentation on how to add the Kal framework to my code, so I assumed it was just a matter of adding the source files to my project's "Groups and Files" and set the Header file search path to include the new code. Is that all I need to do to properly add the Kal framework to my iPhone project? I'm getting this error (shown below), what is it indicating? Undefined symbols: ".objc_class_name_KalViewController", referenced from: literal-pointer@__OBJC@__cls_refs@KalViewController in RootViewController.o ld: symbol(s) not found I get this error when I add the statement... kalViewController = [[[KalViewController alloc] init] autorelease]; to my RootViewController.m viewDidLoad method and #import "Kal.h" Thanks so much for your help!

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Good jquery pagination plugin to use with json Data...

- by bala3569

I am looking for a good jquery pagination plugin to use in my aspx page.... I have the following parameters currentpage,pagesize,TotalRecords,NumberofPages... I would like my plugin to same as stackoverflow paging .... EDIT: It should paginate through json data.... similar to this I use my json data and iterating with jquery var jsonObj = jQuery.parseJSON(HfJsonValue); for (var i = jsonObj.Table.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { var employee = jsonObj.Table[i]; $('<div class="resultsdiv"> ' + employee.Emp_Name + 'Category : ' + employee.Desig_Name + ' Salary Basis : ' + employee.SalaryBasis + 'Salary : ' + employee.FixedSalary + 'Address : ' + employee.Address + '</div>').insertAfter('#ResultsDiv'); } There are 25 divs in my page as a result i want to show first five divs in page 1 and so on... Any suggestion... My HfJsonValue contains the following json data {"Table" : [{"Emp_Id" : "3","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Jerome","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Supervisior","Desig_Description" : "Supervisior of the Construction","SalaryBasis" : "Monthly","FixedSalary" : "25000.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "4","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Mohan","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Acc ","Desig_Description" : "Accountant","SalaryBasis" : "Monthly","FixedSalary" : "200.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "5","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Murugan","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Mason","Desig_Description" : "Mason","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "150.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "6","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Ram","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Mason","Desig_Description" : "Mason","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "120.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "7","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Raja","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Mason","Desig_Description" : "Mason","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "135.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "8","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Raja kumar","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Mason Helper","Desig_Description" : "Mason Helper","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "105.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "9","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Lakshmi","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Mason Helper","Desig_Description" : "Mason Helper","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "100.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "10","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Palani","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Carpenter","Desig_Description" : "Carpenter","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "200.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "11","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Annamalai","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Carpenter","Desig_Description" : "Carpenter","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "220.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "12","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "David","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Steel Fixer","Desig_Description" : "Steel Fixer","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "220.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "13","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Chandru","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Steel Fixer","Desig_Description" : "Steel Fixer","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "220.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "14","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Mani","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Steel Helper","Desig_Description" : "Steel Helper","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "175.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "15","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Karthik","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Wood Fixer","Desig_Description" : "Wood Fixer","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "195.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "16","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Bala","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Wood Fixer","Desig_Description" : "Wood Fixer","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "185.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "17","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Tamil arasi","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Wood Helper","Desig_Description" : "Wood Helper","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "185.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "18","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Perumal","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Cook","Desig_Description" : "Cook","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "105.00"},{"Emp_Id" : "19","Identity_No" : "","Emp_Name" : "Andiappan","Address" : "Madurai","Date_Of_Birth" : "","Desig_Name" : "Watchman","Desig_Description" : "Watchman","SalaryBasis" : "Weekly","FixedSalary" : "150.00"}]}

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Can you handle both json and html datatypes in the same ajax call?

- by Prabhu

Is there anyway I can handle both json and html return types when posting jquery ajax: For example, this ajax call expects html back $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: url data: data, dataType: "html", success: function (response) { var $html = "<li class='list-item'>" + response + "</li>"; $('#a').prepend($html); }, error: function (xhr, status, error) { alert(xhr.statusText); } }); but I wanted to modify it so that I can return a json object if there is a model error. so I can do something like this: success: function (response) { if (response.Error){ alert(response.Message); } else { var $html = "<li class='list-item'>" + response + "</li>"; $('#a').prepend($html); } Is this possible?

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Mono Project: How to install Mono framework on Red Hat Linux which is compiled on centOS ?

- by funwithcoding

We have Red Hat Enterprise Linux servers at work place. However we dont have Red Hat Linux desktops. So I used CentOS 5.4 to compile the Mono sources and generated the Mono framework for CentOS and tested with some sample codes and I am satisfied. I want to transfer this compiled framework to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. How Can I do that? Do I have to compile the Mono framework statically or do I have to copy the linked libraries as well? I am not familiar with linux much. Any help is highly appreciated.

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[jQuery] JSON response is null, but the URL is echoing correctly.

- by b. e. hollenbeck

I have a form being AJAX'd in by jQuery on a page with multiple forms. I'm performing the following function, which is a wrapper for the $.ajax function: function do_json_get(uri){ var ret = ''; var url = AJAX_URL + uri; $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: url, async: false, success: function(data) { ret = data.html; }, dataType: 'json' }); return ret; } When I go to the AJAX server directly (which is rendering the form in PHP), I get the raw JSON response - so I know the server is outputting to the browser, and the AJAX server is doing other things like setting the proper cookies, so I know that the connection is good (I get a 200 response code). Yet the data object is coming back null. What else could I be missing?

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Add SQL Azure database to Azure Web Role and persist data with entity framework code first.

- by MagnusKarlsson

In my last post I went for a warts n all approach to set up a web role on Azure. In this post I’ll describe how to add an SQL Azure database to the project. This will be described with an as minimal as possible amount of code and screen dumps. All questions are welcome in the comments area. Please don’t email since questions answered in the comments field is made available to other visitors. As an example we will add a comments section to the site we used in the previous post (Länk här). Steps: 1. Create a Comments entity and then use Scaffolding to set up controller and view, and add ConnectionString to web.config. 2. Create SQL Azure database in Management Portal and link the new database 3. Test it online! 1. Right click Models folder, choose add, choose “class…” . Name the Class Comment. 1.1 Replace the Code in the class with the following: using System.Data.Entity; namespace MvcWebRole1.Models { public class Comment { public int CommentId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Content { get; set; } } public class CommentsDb : DbContext { public DbSet<Comment> CommentEntries { get; set; } } } Now Entity Framework can create a database and a table named Comment. Build your project to assert there are no build errors. 1.2 Right click Controllers folder, choose add, choose “class…” . Name the Class CommentController and fill out the values as in the example below. 1.3 Click Add. Visual Studio now creates default View for CRUD operations and a Controller adhering to these and opens them. 1.3 Open Web.config and add the following connectionstring in <connectionStrings> node. <add name="CommentsDb” connectionString="data source=(LocalDB)\v11.0;Integrated Security=SSPI;AttachDbFileName=|DataDirectory|\CommentsDb.mdf;Initial Catalog=CommentsDb;MultipleActiveResultSets=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> 1.4 Save All and press F5 to start the application. 1.5 Go to http://127.0.0.1:81/Comments which will redirect you through CommentsController to the Index View which looks like this: Click Create new. In the Create-view, add name and content and press Create. 1: // 2: // POST: /Comments/Create 3: 4: [HttpPost] 5: public ActionResult Create(Comment comment) 6: { 7: if (ModelState.IsValid) 8: { 9: db.CommentEntries.Add(comment); 10: db.SaveChanges(); 11: return RedirectToAction("Index"); 12: } 13: 14: return View(comment); 15: } 16: The default View() is Index so that is the View you will come to. Looking like this: 1: // 2: // GET: /Comments/ 3: 4: public ActionResult Index() 5: { 6: return View(db.CommentEntries.ToList()); 7: } Resulting in the following screen dump(success!): 2. Now, go to the Management portal and Create a new db. 2.1 With the new database created. Click the DB icon in the left most menu. Then click the newly created database. Click DASHBOARD in the top menu. Finally click Connections strings in the right menu to get the connection string we need to add in our web.debug.config file. 2.2 Now, take a copy of the connection String earlier added to the web.config and paste in web.debug.conifg in the connectionstrings node. Replace everything within “ “ in the copied connectionstring with that you got from SQL Azure. You will have something like this: 2.3 Rebuild the application, right click the cloud project and choose “Package…” (if you haven’t set up publishing profile which we will do in our next blog post). Remember to choose the right config file, use debug for staging and release for production so your databases won’t collide. You should see something like this: 2.4 Go to Management Portal and click the Web Services menu, choose your service and click update in the bottom menu. 2.5 Link the newly created database to your application. Click the LINKED RESOURCES in the top menu and then click “Link” in the bottom menu. You should get something like this. 3. Alright then. Under the Dashboard you can find the link to your application. Click it to open it in a browser and then go to ~/Comments to try it out just the way we did locally. Success and end of this story!

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Updating Silverlight with data. JSON or WCF?

- by Alastair Pitts

We will be using custom Silverlight 4.0 controls on our ASP.NET MVC web page to display data from our database and was wondering what the most efficient method was? We will be having returned values of up to 100k records (of 2 properties per record). We have a test that uses the HTML Bridge from Javascript to Silverlight. First we perform a post request to a controller action in the MVC web app and return JSON. This JSON is then passed to the Silverlight where it is parsed and the UI updated. This seems to be rather slow, with the stored procedure (the select) taking about 3 seconds and the entire update in the browser about 10-15sec. Having a brief look on the net, it seems that WCF is another option, but not having used it, I wasn't sure of it's capability or suitability. Does anyone have any experiences or recommendations?

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Android framework. What is it?

- by Confused

I've few questions on Android Framework. Can someone please answer them i) What does an Android Framework do? What is it's job? ii) What are these managers - Activity Manager, Location Manager etc? Are they APIs or libraries? iii) I heard that the definition of a framework is - a set of libraries that say “Don’t call us, we’ll call you.” So can I say that Activity Manager, Location Manager etc are such libraries? Or is it that they are not libraries but APIs (used to access underlying c/c++ libraries) and the actual libraries that do "Don't call us, we'll call you." are hidden from us?

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How to configure a OCUnit test bundle for a framework?

- by GuidoMB

I've been developing a Mac OS X framework and I want to use OCUnit in my XCode 3.2.1 project. I've followed several tutorials on how to configure a OCUnit test bundle. The problem is that when I create a test case that uses a function that is defined in one of the framework's sources, I get a building error telling me that the symbol is not found. I made the test bundle dependent of my project's target as the tutorial said, but that doesn't seem to be problem. First I thought that I could solve this problem by dragging the framework's source files into the compile sources section within the Test bundle target, but then all the symbols referenced from that source file started to show up in the build errors, so that seems to not be a good solution/idea. How can I configure my unit test bundle so it builds properly?

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How can I return JSON from node.js backend to frontend without reloading or re-rendering the page?

- by poleapple

I am working with node.js. I want to press a search button, make some rest api calls to another server in the backend and return the json back to the front end, and reload a div in the front end so that I won't have to refresh the page. Now I know I can reload just a div with jQuery or just Javascript dom manipulation. But how do I make it call a method on the server side? I could have a submit button and it will make a post request and I can catch it and make my api calls from there, however from the node.js side, when I return, I will have to render the page again. How do I go about returning JSON from the back end to the front end without re-rendering or refreshing my page? Thanks.

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What's exactly the nature of .Net Framework 3.5 Service Pack1?

- by Richard77

Hello, I did some recovery disk operations with my laptop because it became instable. Now, I'm about to re-install SQL Server 2008 Professional, but it keeps telling me that I need to install .net framework 3.5 with service pack1. What's strange is I was asked to do the same when I installed Visual Studio 2008 Professional earlier. I'd like to know: what's .Net Framework Service Pack1? is it One piece of software sitting on top of windows ? Several software having the same name so that Visual Studio has it, SQL Server also has it, and do on... And why the naming Service Pack1 behind .Net Framework? I'm really lost. Thanks for helping

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Recommendation for tool/framework that follows the naked objects pattern?

- by Marcus Munzert

I am searching for a tool/framework that follows the naked objects pattern and is written in Java. I know about tools like for instance JMatter, Naked Objects and Domain Object Explorer. That's not exactly what I am searching for, though. Open source would be great, but doesn't need to be. My intention is to use that tool/framework for the purpose of model-driven software development to do the modeling part. Ideally, such a tool/framework would provide the option to use JPA to store/load objects.

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How to CURL and avoid timeout death (Twitter Down) [migrated]

- by David

Twitter is down right now, and one of my site's home pages relies on getting data from Twitter (relies is the problem - it should be more of an accessory feature, as it just shows follow count from its feed). Here's the code in question: function socials_Twitter_GetFollowerCount($username) { $method = function () use ($username) { return file_get_contents('https://api.twitter.com/1/users/show.json?screen_name='.$username.'&include_entities=true'); }; $json = cache('bmdtwitter', 3600, $method, false); $json = json_decode($json, true); return intval($json['followers_count']); } What is a good way to make it so if Twitter is down (or not responsive for some reasonable amount of time), our site doesn't appear to be down (I think the timeout maybe defaulting to 30-60 seconds or more).

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How do I return a Json object from Action Attribute?

- by zsharp

when overriding OnActionExecuting, how do I return a Json result without passing to action?

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What is the business case for a dependency injection (DI) framework?

- by kalkie

At my company we want to start using a dependency injection (DI) framework for managing our dependencies. I have some difficulty with explaining the business value of such a framework. Currently I have come up with these reasons. Less source code, delete all the builder patterns in the code. Increase in flexibility. Easier to switch dependencies. Better separation of concern. The framework is responsible for creating instances instead of our code. Has anybody else had to persuade management? How did you do that? What reasons did you use?

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Is there a Ruby on Rails framework like equivalent for .NET development?

- by wgpubs

Answers like ASP.NET MVC or Entity Framework really aren't acceptable as they address just one aspect of the problem domain. I'm looking for a framework ... a REAL framework that gives me the same features out of the box that Rails does. As such it should include at minimum: MVC for presentation ORM Ability to provide simple configuration for whatever environment (dev, QA, Production, etc...) Migration like functionality Ability to generate code in all layers (similar to scaffolding like behavior, etc...) Project template so as to create similar functionality as the "rails my_app" command. Thanks.

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If I write a framework that gets information from the Internet, should I make a degelate or use blocks?

- by Time Machine

Say I'm writing a publicly available framework for the Vimeo API. This framework needs to get information from the Internet. Because this can take some time, I need to use threadin to prevent the UI from hanging. Foundation uses delegates for this, like NSURLConnectionDelegate. However, Game Kit uses blocks as callback functions. What is the recommended way of doing this? I know blocks aren't supported in standard GCC versions, but they require less, much less code for the one that uses my framework. Delegates, on the other hand, are real methods and when protocols are used, I'm sure the methods are implemented. Thanks.

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I did my own web framework: now, how keep it sync with applications? must I use versions?

- by Daniel Koch

... and I did the first web application using it, now I'm going to create the second. In this first web application I enhanced the framework's core library with new things and promptly updated framework branch. I'm using bazaar to keep framework and web application committed. The application was in the beginning, a full branch of framework source tree, now I'm updating framework manually at every change on core files. (copying changed files from web app to framework's branch). With this second web application that I'm going to create, I need to know about versions (or revisions) which the application is based. If I found a bug in this version I can fix and then sync files with first web application no worrying: functions will be the same to this application. If I'm going to make changes in core (new behavior, new functions in library or something new in source tree) it must be named as "new version". What's the best way to do this? Because I'm using a Distributed Version Control System (bazaar), I'm not dealing with VERSIONS, but revision numbers that change every time. Please fresh my mind with new ideas.

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Mocking the Unmockable: Using Microsoft Moles with Gallio

- by Thomas Weller

Usual opensource mocking frameworks (like e.g. Moq or Rhino.Mocks) can mock only interfaces and virtual methods. In contrary to that, Microsoft’s Moles framework can ‘mock’ virtually anything, in that it uses runtime instrumentation to inject callbacks in the method MSIL bodies of the moled methods. Therefore, it is possible to detour any .NET method, including non-virtual/static methods in sealed types. This can be extremely helpful when dealing e.g. with code that calls into the .NET framework, some third-party or legacy stuff etc… Some useful collected resources (links to website, documentation material and some videos) can be found in my toolbox on Delicious under this link: http://delicious.com/thomasweller/toolbox+moles A Gallio extension for Moles Originally, Moles is a part of Microsoft’s Pex framework and thus integrates best with Visual Studio Unit Tests (MSTest). However, the Moles sample download contains some additional assemblies to also support other unit test frameworks. They provide a Moled attribute to ease the usage of mole types with the respective framework (there are extensions for NUnit, xUnit.net and MbUnit v2 included with the samples). As there is no such extension for the Gallio platform, I did the few required lines myself – the resulting Gallio.Moles.dll is included with the sample download. With this little assembly in place, it is possible to use Moles with Gallio like that: [Test, Moled] public void SomeTest() { ... What you can do with it Moles can be very helpful, if you need to ‘mock’ something other than a virtual or interface-implementing method. This might be the case when dealing with some third-party component, legacy code, or if you want to ‘mock’ the .NET framework itself. Generally, you need to announce each moled type that you want to use in a test with the MoledType attribute on assembly level. For example: [assembly: MoledType(typeof(System.IO.File))] Below are some typical use cases for Moles. For a more detailed overview (incl. naming conventions and an instruction on how to create the required moles assemblies), please refer to the reference material above. Detouring the .NET framework Imagine that you want to test a method similar to the one below, which internally calls some framework method: public void ReadFileContent(string fileName) { this.FileContent = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(fileName); } Using a mole, you would replace the call to the File.ReadAllText(string) method with a runtime delegate like so: [Test, Moled] [Description("This 'mocks' the System.IO.File class with a custom delegate.")] public void ReadFileContentWithMoles() { // arrange ('mock' the FileSystem with a delegate) System.IO.Moles.MFile.ReadAllTextString = (fname => fname == FileName ? FileContent : "WrongFileName"); // act var testTarget = new TestTarget.TestTarget(); testTarget.ReadFileContent(FileName); // assert Assert.AreEqual(FileContent, testTarget.FileContent); } Detouring static methods and/or classes A static method like the below… public static string StaticMethod(int x, int y) { return string.Format("{0}{1}", x, y); } … can be ‘mocked’ with the following: [Test, Moled] public void StaticMethodWithMoles() { MStaticClass.StaticMethodInt32Int32 = ((x, y) => "uups"); var result = StaticClass.StaticMethod(1, 2); Assert.AreEqual("uups", result); } Detouring constructors You can do this delegate thing even with a class’ constructor. The syntax for this is not all too intuitive, because you have to setup the internal state of the mole, but generally it works like a charm. For example, to replace this c’tor… public class ClassWithCtor { public int Value { get; private set; } public ClassWithCtor(int someValue) { this.Value = someValue; } } … you would do the following: [Test, Moled] public void ConstructorTestWithMoles() { MClassWithCtor.ConstructorInt32 = ((@class, @value) => new MClassWithCtor(@class) {ValueGet = () => 99}); var classWithCtor = new ClassWithCtor(3); Assert.AreEqual(99, classWithCtor.Value); } Detouring abstract base classes You can also use this approach to ‘mock’ abstract base classes of a class that you call in your test. Assumed that you have something like that: public abstract class AbstractBaseClass { public virtual string SaySomething() { return "Hello from base."; } } public class ChildClass : AbstractBaseClass { public override string SaySomething() { return string.Format( "Hello from child. Base says: '{0}'", base.SaySomething()); } } Then you would set up the child’s underlying base class like this: [Test, Moled] public void AbstractBaseClassTestWithMoles() { ChildClass child = new ChildClass(); new MAbstractBaseClass(child) { SaySomething = () => "Leave me alone!" } .InstanceBehavior = MoleBehaviors.Fallthrough; var hello = child.SaySomething(); Assert.AreEqual("Hello from child. Base says: 'Leave me alone!'", hello); } Setting the moles behavior to a value of MoleBehaviors.Fallthrough causes the ‘original’ method to be called if a respective delegate is not provided explicitly – here it causes the ChildClass’ override of the SaySomething() method to be called. There are some more possible scenarios, where the Moles framework could be of much help (e.g. it’s also possible to detour interface implementations like IEnumerable<T> and such…). One other possibility that comes to my mind (because I’m currently dealing with that), is to replace calls from repository classes to the ADO.NET Entity Framework O/R mapper with delegates to isolate the repository classes from the underlying database, which otherwise would not be possible… Usage Since Moles relies on runtime instrumentation, mole types must be run under the Pex profiler. This only works from inside Visual Studio if you write your tests with MSTest (Visual Studio Unit Test). While other unit test frameworks generally can be used with Moles, they require the respective tests to be run via command line, executed through the moles.runner.exe tool. A typical test execution would be similar to this: moles.runner.exe <mytests.dll> /runner:<myframework.console.exe> /args:/<myargs> So, the moled test can be run through tools like NCover or a scripting tool like MSBuild (which makes them easy to run in a Continuous Integration environment), but they are somewhat unhandy to run in the usual TDD workflow (which I described in some detail here). To make this a bit more fluent, I wrote a ReSharper live template to generate the respective command line for the test (it is also included in the sample download – moled_cmd.xml). - This is just a quick-and-dirty ‘solution’. Maybe it makes sense to write an extra Gallio adapter plugin (similar to the many others that are already provided) and include it with the Gallio download package, if there’s sufficient demand for it. As of now, the only way to run tests with the Moles framework from within Visual Studio is by using them with MSTest. From the command line, anything with a managed console runner can be used (provided that the appropriate extension is in place)… A typical Gallio/Moles command line (as generated by the mentioned R#-template) looks like that: "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Moles\bin\moles.runner.exe" /runner:"%ProgramFiles%\Gallio\bin\Gallio.Echo.exe" "Gallio.Moles.Demo.dll" /args:/r:IsolatedAppDomain /args:/filter:"ExactType:TestFixture and Member:ReadFileContentWithMoles" -- Note: When using the command line with Echo (Gallio’s console runner), be sure to always include the IsolatedAppDomain option, otherwise the tests won’t use the instrumentation callbacks! -- License issues As I already said, the free mocking frameworks can mock only interfaces and virtual methods. if you want to mock other things, you need the Typemock Isolator tool for that, which comes with license costs (Although these ‘costs’ are ridiculously low compared to the value that such a tool can bring to a software project, spending money often is a considerable gateway hurdle in real life...). The Moles framework also is not totally free, but comes with the same license conditions as the (closely related) Pex framework: It is free for academic/non-commercial use only, to use it in a ‘real’ software project requires an MSDN Subscription (from VS2010pro on). The demo solution The sample solution (VS 2008) can be downloaded from here. It contains the Gallio.Moles.dll which provides the here described Moled attribute, the above mentioned R#-template (moled_cmd.xml) and a test fixture containing the above described use case scenarios. To run it, you need the Gallio framework (download) and Microsoft Moles (download) being installed in the default locations. Happy testing…

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Why Is Faulty Behaviour In The .NET Framework Not Fixed?

- by Alois Kraus

Here is the scenario: You have a Windows Form Application that calls a method via Invoke or BeginInvoke which throws exceptions. Now you want to find out where the error did occur and how the method has been called. Here is the output we do get when we call Begin/EndInvoke or simply Invoke The actual code that was executed was like this: private void cInvoke_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { InvokingFunction(CallMode.Invoke); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] void InvokingFunction(CallMode mode) { switch (mode) { case CallMode.Invoke: this.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(GenerateError)); The faulting method is called GenerateError which does throw a NotImplementedException exception and wraps it in a NotSupportedException. [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] void GenerateError() { F1(); } private void F1() { try { F2(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new NotSupportedException("Outer Exception", ex); } } private void F2() { throw new NotImplementedException("Inner Exception"); } It is clear that the method F2 and F1 did actually throw these exceptions but we do not see them in the call stack. If we directly call the InvokingFunction and catch and print the exception we can find out very easily how we did get into this situation. We see methods F1,F2,GenerateError and InvokingFunction directly in the stack trace and we see that actually two exceptions did occur. Here is for comparison what we get from Invoke/EndInvoke System.NotImplementedException: Inner Exception StackTrace: at System.Windows.Forms.Control.MarshaledInvoke(Control caller, Delegate method, Object[] args, Boolean synchronous) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.Invoke(Delegate method, Object[] args) at WindowsFormsApplication1.AppForm.InvokingFunction(CallMode mode) at WindowsFormsApplication1.AppForm.cInvoke_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e) The exception message is kept but the stack starts running from our Invoke call and not from the faulting method F2. We have therefore no clue where this exception did occur! The stack starts running at the method MarshaledInvoke because the exception is rethrown with the throw catchedException which resets the stack trace. That is bad but things are even worse because if previously lets say 5 exceptions did occur .NET will return only the first (innermost) exception. That does mean that we do not only loose the original call stack but all other exceptions and all data contained therein as well. It is a pity that MS does know about this and simply closes this issue as not important. Programmers will play a lot more around with threads than before thanks to TPL, PLINQ that do come with .NET 4. Multithreading is hyped quit a lot in the press and everybody wants to use threads. But if the .NET Framework makes it nearly impossible to track down the easiest UI multithreading issue I have a problem with that. The problem has been reported but obviously not been solved. .NET 4 Beta 2 did not have changed that dreaded GetBaseException call in MarshaledInvoke to return only the innermost exception of the complete exception stack. It is really time to fix this. WPF on the other hand does the right thing and wraps the exceptions inside a TargetInvocationException which makes much more sense. But Not everybody uses WPF for its daily work and Windows forms applications will still be used for a long time. Below is the code to repro the issues shown and how the exceptions can be rendered in a meaningful way. The default Exception.ToString implementation generates a hard to interpret stack if several nested exceptions did occur. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Threading; using System.Globalization; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class AppForm : Form { enum CallMode { Direct = 0, BeginInvoke = 1, Invoke = 2 }; public AppForm() { InitializeComponent(); Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; Application.ThreadException += new System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventHandler(Application_ThreadException); } void Application_ThreadException(object sender, System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventArgs e) { cOutput.Text = PrintException(e.Exception, 0, null).ToString(); } private void cDirectUnhandled_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { InvokingFunction(CallMode.Direct); } private void cDirectCall_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { InvokingFunction(CallMode.Direct); } catch (Exception ex) { cOutput.Text = PrintException(ex, 0, null).ToString(); } } private void cInvoke_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { InvokingFunction(CallMode.Invoke); } private void cBeginInvokeCall_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { InvokingFunction(CallMode.BeginInvoke); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] void InvokingFunction(CallMode mode) { switch (mode) { case CallMode.Direct: GenerateError(); break; case CallMode.Invoke: this.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(GenerateError)); break; case CallMode.BeginInvoke: IAsyncResult res = this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(GenerateError)); this.EndInvoke(res); break; } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] void GenerateError() { F1(); } private void F1() { try { F2(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new NotSupportedException("Outer Exception", ex); } } private void F2() { throw new NotImplementedException("Inner Exception"); } StringBuilder PrintException(Exception ex, int identLevel, StringBuilder sb) { StringBuilder builtStr = sb; if( builtStr == null ) builtStr = new StringBuilder(); if( ex == null ) return builtStr; WriteLine(builtStr, String.Format("{0}: {1}", ex.GetType().FullName, ex.Message), identLevel); WriteLine(builtStr, String.Format("StackTrace: {0}", ShortenStack(ex.StackTrace)), identLevel + 1); builtStr.AppendLine(); return PrintException(ex.InnerException, ++identLevel, builtStr); } void WriteLine(StringBuilder sb, string msg, int identLevel) { foreach (string trimmedLine in SplitToLines(msg) .Select( (line) => line.Trim()) ) { for (int i = 0; i < identLevel; i++) sb.Append('\t'); sb.Append(trimmedLine); sb.AppendLine(); } } string ShortenStack(string stack) { int nonAppFrames = 0; // Skip stack frames not part of our app but include two foreign frames and skip the rest // If our stack frame is encountered reset counter to 0 return SplitToLines(stack) .Where((line) => { nonAppFrames = line.Contains("WindowsFormsApplication1") ? 0 : nonAppFrames + 1; return nonAppFrames < 3; }) .Select((line) => line) .Aggregate("", (current, line) => current + line + Environment.NewLine); } static char[] NewLines = Environment.NewLine.ToCharArray(); string[] SplitToLines(string str) { return str.Split(NewLines, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); } } }

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MacPorts pHash not showing up in Python

- by Nitzan Wilnai

I am having a problem where python does not show pHash installed even though I installed it using macports. I made sure I am using the MacPorts version of Python by doing: sudo port select --set python python27 I then installed pHash by doing: sudo port install pHash. It installed without any errors. When I call help('modules'), I do not see pHash listed among the installed packages. Any ideas on why python is not seeing the pHash install by MacPorts? Calling port select --list python shows the following: Available versions for python: none python25-apple python26-apple python27 (active) python27-apple Printing out sys.path outputs the following: (reformatted to make it easier to read here) ['/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/boto-2.9.9-py2.7.egg', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.9.8-py2.7.egg', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python27.zip', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages'] Can anyone help? Thanks.

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