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  • Building applications with WPF, MVVM and Prism(aka CAG)

    - by skjagini
    In this article I am going to walk through an application using WPF and Prism (aka composite application guidance, CAG) which simulates engaging a taxi (cab).  The rules are simple, the app would have3 screens A login screen to authenticate the user An information screen. A screen to engage the cab and roam around and calculating the total fare Metered Rate of Fare The meter is required to be engaged when a cab is occupied by anyone $3.00 upon entry $0.35 for each additional unit The unit fare is: one-fifth of a mile, when the cab is traveling at 6 miles an hour or more; or 60 seconds when not in motion or traveling at less than 12 miles per hour. Night surcharge of $.50 after 8:00 PM & before 6:00 AM Peak hour Weekday Surcharge of $1.00 Monday - Friday after 4:00 PM & before 8:00 PM New York State Tax Surcharge of $.50 per ride. Example: Friday (2010-10-08) 5:30pm Start at Lexington Ave & E 57th St End at Irving Pl & E 15th St Start = $3.00 Travels 2 miles at less than 6 mph for 15 minutes = $3.50 Travels at more than 12 mph for 5 minutes = $1.75 Peak hour Weekday Surcharge = $1.00 (ride started at 5:30 pm) New York State Tax Surcharge = $0.50 Before we dive into the app, I would like to give brief description about the framework.  If you want to jump on to the source code, scroll all the way to the end of the post. MVVM MVVM pattern is in no way related to the usage of PRISM in your application and should be considered if you are using WPF irrespective of PRISM or not. Lets say you are not familiar with MVVM, your typical UI would involve adding some UI controls like text boxes, a button, double clicking on the button,  generating event handler, calling a method from business layer and updating the user interface, it works most of the time for developing small scale applications. The problem with this approach is that there is some amount of code specific to business logic wrapped in UI specific code which is hard to unit test it, mock it and MVVM helps to solve the exact problem. MVVM stands for Model(M) – View(V) – ViewModel(VM),  based on the interactions with in the three parties it should be called VVMM,  MVVM sounds more like MVC (Model-View-Controller) so the name. Why it should be called VVMM: View – View Model - Model WPF allows to create user interfaces using XAML and MVVM takes it to the next level by allowing complete separation of user interface and business logic. In WPF each view will have a property, DataContext when set to an instance of a class (which happens to be your view model) provides the data the view is interested in, i.e., view interacts with view model and at the same time view model interacts with view through DataContext. Sujith, if view and view model are interacting directly with each other how does MVVM is helping me separation of concerns? Well, the catch is DataContext is of type Object, since it is of type object view doesn’t know exact type of view model allowing views and views models to be loosely coupled. View models aggregate data from models (data access layer, services, etc) and make it available for views through properties, methods etc, i.e., View Models interact with Models. PRISM Prism is provided by Microsoft Patterns and Practices team and it can be downloaded from codeplex for source code,  samples and documentation on msdn.  The name composite implies, to compose user interface from different modules (views) without direct dependencies on each other, again allowing  loosely coupled development. Well Sujith, I can already do that with user controls, why shall I learn another framework?  That’s correct, you can decouple using user controls, but you still have to manage some amount of coupling, like how to do you communicate between the controls, how do you subscribe/unsubscribe, loading/unloading views dynamically. Prism is not a replacement for user controls, provides the following features which greatly help in designing the composite applications. Dependency Injection (DI)/ Inversion of Control (IoC) Modules Regions Event Aggregator  Commands Simply put, MVVM helps building a single view and Prism helps building an application using the views There are other open source alternatives to Prism, like MVVMLight, Cinch, take a look at them as well. Lets dig into the source code.  1. Solution The solution is made of the following projects Framework: Holds the common functionality in building applications using WPF and Prism TaxiClient: Start up project, boot strapping and app styling TaxiCommon: Helps with the business logic TaxiModules: Holds the meat of the application with views and view models TaxiTests: To test the application 2. DI / IoC Dependency Injection (DI) as the name implies refers to injecting dependencies and Inversion of Control (IoC) means the calling code has no direct control on the dependencies, opposite of normal way of programming where dependencies are passed by caller, i.e inversion; aside from some differences in terminology the concept is same in both the cases. The idea behind DI/IoC pattern is to reduce the amount of direct coupling between different components of the application, the higher the dependency the more tightly coupled the application resulting in code which is hard to modify, unit test and mock.  Initializing Dependency Injection through BootStrapper TaxiClient is the starting project of the solution and App (App.xaml)  is the starting class that gets called when you run the application. From the App’s OnStartup method we will invoke BootStrapper.   namespace TaxiClient { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for App.xaml /// </summary> public partial class App : Application { protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) { base.OnStartup(e);   (new BootStrapper()).Run(); } } } BootStrapper is your contact point for initializing the application including dependency injection, creating Shell and other frameworks. We are going to use Unity for DI and there are lot of open source DI frameworks like Spring.Net, StructureMap etc with different feature set  and you can choose a framework based on your preferences. Note that Prism comes with in built support for Unity, for example we are deriving from UnityBootStrapper in our case and for any other DI framework you have to extend the Prism appropriately   namespace TaxiClient { public class BootStrapper: UnityBootstrapper { protected override IModuleCatalog CreateModuleCatalog() { return new ConfigurationModuleCatalog(); } protected override DependencyObject CreateShell() { Framework.FrameworkBootStrapper.Run(Container, Application.Current.Dispatcher);   Shell shell = new Shell(); shell.ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize; shell.Show();   return shell; } } } Lets take a look into  FrameworkBootStrapper to check out how to register with unity container. namespace Framework { public class FrameworkBootStrapper { public static void Run(IUnityContainer container, Dispatcher dispatcher) { UIDispatcher uiDispatcher = new UIDispatcher(dispatcher); container.RegisterInstance<IDispatcherService>(uiDispatcher);   container.RegisterType<IInjectSingleViewService, InjectSingleViewService>( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());   . . . } } } In the above code we are registering two components with unity container. You shall observe that we are following two different approaches, RegisterInstance and RegisterType.  With RegisterInstance we are registering an existing instance and the same instance will be returned for every request made for IDispatcherService   and with RegisterType we are requesting unity container to create an instance for us when required, i.e., when I request for an instance for IInjectSingleViewService, unity will create/return an instance of InjectSingleViewService class and with RegisterType we can configure the life time of the instance being created. With ContaienrControllerLifetimeManager, the unity container caches the instance and reuses for any subsequent requests, without recreating a new instance. Lets take a look into FareViewModel.cs and it’s constructor. The constructor takes one parameter IEventAggregator and if you try to find all references in your solution for IEventAggregator, you will not find a single location where an instance of EventAggregator is passed directly to the constructor. The compiler still finds an instance and works fine because Prism is already configured when used with Unity container to return an instance of EventAggregator when requested for IEventAggregator and in this particular case it is called constructor injection. public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public FareViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); PropertyChanged += OnPropertyChanged; } ... 3. Shell Shells are very similar in operation to Master Pages in asp.net or MDI in Windows Forms. And shells contain regions which display the views, you can have as many regions as you wish in a given view. You can also nest regions. i.e, one region can load a view which in itself may contain other regions. We have to create a shell at the start of the application and are doing it by overriding CreateShell method from BootStrapper From the following Shell.xaml you shall notice that we have two content controls with Region names as ‘MenuRegion’ and ‘MainRegion’.  The idea here is that you can inject any user controls into the regions dynamically, i.e., a Menu User Control for MenuRegion and based on the user action you can load appropriate view into MainRegion.    <Window x:Class="TaxiClient.Shell" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Regions="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Regions;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism" Title="Taxi" Height="370" Width="800"> <Grid Margin="2"> <ContentControl Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MenuRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" />   <ContentControl Grid.Row="1" Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MainRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" /> <!--<Border Grid.ColumnSpan="2" BorderThickness="2" CornerRadius="3" BorderBrush="LightBlue" />-->   </Grid> </Window> 4. Modules Prism provides the ability to build composite applications and modules play an important role in it. For example if you are building a Mortgage Loan Processor application with 3 components, i.e. customer’s credit history,  existing mortgages, new home/loan information; and consider that the customer’s credit history component involves gathering data about his/her address, background information, job details etc. The idea here using Prism modules is to separate the implementation of these 3 components into their own visual studio projects allowing to build components with no dependency on each other and independently. If we need to add another component to the application, the component can be developed by in house team or some other team in the organization by starting with a new Visual Studio project and adding to the solution at the run time with very little knowledge about the application. Prism modules are defined by implementing the IModule interface and each visual studio project to be considered as a module should implement the IModule interface.  From the BootStrapper.cs you shall observe that we are overriding the method by returning a ConfiguratingModuleCatalog which returns the modules that are registered for the application using the app.config file  and you can also add module using code. Lets take a look into configuration file.   <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="modules" type="Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Modularity.ModulesConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Practices.Prism"/> </configSections> <modules> <module assemblyFile="TaxiModules.dll" moduleType="TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer, TaxiModules" moduleName="TaxiModules"/> </modules> </configuration> Here we are adding TaxiModules project to our solution and TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer implements IModule interface   5. Module Mapper With Prism modules you can dynamically add or remove modules from the regions, apart from that Prism also provides API to control adding/removing the views from a region within the same module. Taxi Information Screen: Engage the Taxi Screen: The sample application has two screens, ‘Taxi Information’ and ‘Engage the Taxi’ and they both reside in same module, TaxiModules. ‘Engage the Taxi’ is again made of two user controls, FareView on the left and TotalView on the right. We have created a Shell with two regions, MenuRegion and MainRegion with menu loaded into MenuRegion. We can create a wrapper user control called EngageTheTaxi made of FareView and TotalView and load either TaxiInfo or EngageTheTaxi into MainRegion based on the user action. Though it will work it tightly binds the user controls and for every combination of user controls, we need to create a dummy wrapper control to contain them. Instead we can apply the principles we learned so far from Shell/regions and introduce another template (LeftAndRightRegionView.xaml) made of two regions Region1 (left) and Region2 (right) and load  FareView and TotalView dynamically.  To help with loading of the views dynamically I have introduce an helper an interface, IInjectSingleViewService,  idea suggested by Mike Taulty, a must read blog for .Net developers. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel;   namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation {   public interface IInjectSingleViewService : INotifyPropertyChanged { IEnumerable<CommandViewDefinition> Commands { get; } IEnumerable<ModuleViewDefinition> Modules { get; }   void RegisterViewForRegion(string commandName, string viewName, string regionName, Type viewType); void ClearViewFromRegion(string viewName, string regionName); void RegisterModule(string moduleName, IList<ModuleMapper> moduleMappers); } } The Interface declares three methods to work with views: RegisterViewForRegion: Registers a view with a particular region. You can register multiple views and their regions under one command.  When this particular command is invoked all the views registered under it will be loaded into their regions. ClearViewFromRegion: To unload a specific view from a region. RegisterModule: The idea is when a command is invoked you can load the UI with set of controls in their default position and based on the user interaction, you can load different contols in to different regions on the fly.  And it is supported ModuleViewDefinition and ModuleMappers as shown below. namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation { public class ModuleViewDefinition { public string ModuleName { get; set; } public IList<ModuleMapper> ModuleMappers; public ICommand Command { get; set; } }   public class ModuleMapper { public string ViewName { get; set; } public string RegionName { get; set; } public Type ViewType { get; set; } } } 6. Event Aggregator Prism event aggregator enables messaging between components as in Observable pattern, Notifier notifies the Observer which receives notification it is interested in. When it comes to Observable pattern, Observer has to unsubscribes for notifications when it no longer interested in notifications, which allows the Notifier to remove the Observer’s reference from it’s local cache. Though .Net has managed garbage collection it cannot remove inactive the instances referenced by an active instance resulting in memory leak, keeping the Observers in memory as long as Notifier stays in memory.  Developers have to be very careful to unsubscribe when necessary and it often gets overlooked, to overcome these problems Prism Event Aggregator uses weak references to cache the reference (Observer in this case)  and releases the reference (memory) once the instance goes out of scope. Using event aggregator is very simple, declare a generic type of CompositePresenationEvent by inheriting from it. using Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Events; using TaxiCommon.BAO;   namespace TaxiCommon.CompositeEvents { public class TaxiOnMoveEvent:CompositePresentationEvent<TaxiOnMove> { } }   TaxiOnMove.cs includes the properties which we want to exchange between the parties, FareView and TotalView. using System;   namespace TaxiCommon.BAO { public class TaxiOnMove { public TimeSpan MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get; set; } public double MilesAtSixMPH { get; set; } } }   Lets take a look into FareViewodel (Notifier) and how it raises the event.  Here we are raising the event by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() and publishing it with the payload private void OnAddMinutes(object obj) { TaxiOnMove payload = new TaxiOnMove(); if(MilesAtSixMPH != null) payload.MilesAtSixMPH = MilesAtSixMPH.Value; if(MinutesAtTweleveMPH != null) payload.MinutesAtTweleveMPH = new TimeSpan(0,0,MinutesAtTweleveMPH.Value,0);   _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Publish(payload); ResetMinutesAndMiles(); } And TotalViewModel(Observer) subscribes to notifications by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { .... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; ... }   private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); }   ... private void OnTaxiMove(TaxiOnMove taxiOnMove) { OnMoveFare fare = new OnMoveFare(taxiOnMove); Fares.Add(fare); SetTotalFare(new []{fare}); }   .... 7. MVVM through example In this section we are going to look into MVVM implementation through example.  I have all the modules declared in a single project, TaxiModules, again it is not necessary to have them into one project. Once the user logs into the application, will be greeted with the ‘Engage the Taxi’ screen which is made of two user controls, FareView.xaml and TotalView.Xaml. As you can see from the solution explorer, each of them have their own code behind files and  ViewModel classes, FareViewMode.cs, TotalViewModel.cs Lets take a look in to the FareView and how it interacts with FareViewModel using MVVM implementation. FareView.xaml acts as a view and FareViewMode.cs is it’s view model. The FareView code behind class   namespace TaxiModules.Views { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for FareView.xaml /// </summary> public partial class FareView : UserControl { public FareView(FareViewModel viewModel) { InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += (s, e) => { this.DataContext = viewModel; }; } } } The FareView is bound to FareViewModel through the data context  and you shall observe that DataContext is of type Object, i.e. the FareView doesn’t really know the type of ViewModel (FareViewModel). This helps separation of View and ViewModel as View and ViewModel are independent of each other, you can bind FareView to FareViewModel2 as well and the application compiles just fine. Lets take a look into FareView xaml file  <UserControl x:Class="TaxiModules.Views.FareView" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Toolkit="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Controls;assembly=WPFToolkit" xmlns:Commands="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Commands;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism"> <Grid Margin="10" > ....   <Border Style="{DynamicResource innerBorder}" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="11" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Panel.ZIndex="1"/>   <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="Engage the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="1" Content="Select the State"/> <ComboBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" ItemsSource="{Binding States}" Height="auto"> <ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/> </DataTemplate> </ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <ComboBox.SelectedItem> <Binding Path="SelectedState" Mode="TwoWay"/> </ComboBox.SelectedItem> </ComboBox> <Label Grid.Row="2" Content="Select the Date of Entry"/> <Toolkit:DatePicker Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" SelectedDate="{Binding DateOfEntry, ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}" /> <Label Grid.Row="3" Content="Enter time 24hr format"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding TimeOfEntry, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Content="Start the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding StartMeterCommand}" />   <Label Grid.Row="5" Content="Run the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="6" Content="Number of Miles &lt;@6mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="6" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MilesAtSixMPH, TargetNullValue='', ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}"/> <Label Grid.Row="7" Content="Number of Minutes @12mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="7" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MinutesAtTweleveMPH, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="8" Grid.Column="1" Content="Add Minutes and Miles " Commands:Click.Command="{Binding AddMinutesCommand}"/> <Label Grid.Row="9" Content="Other Operations" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Button Grid.Row="10" Grid.Column="1" Content="Reset the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding ResetCommand}"/>   </Grid> </UserControl> The highlighted code from the above code shows data binding, for example ComboBox which displays list of states has it’s ItemsSource bound to States property, with DataTemplate bound to Name and SelectedItem  to SelectedState. You might be wondering what are all these properties and how it is able to bind to them.  The answer lies in data context, i.e., when you bound a control, WPF looks for data context on the root object (Grid in this case) and if it can’t find data context it will look into root’s root, i.e. FareView UserControl and it is bound to FareViewModel.  Each of those properties have be declared on the ViewModel for the View to bind correctly. To put simply, View is bound to ViewModel through data context of type object and every control that is bound on the View actually binds to the public property on the ViewModel. Lets look into the ViewModel code (the following code is not an exact copy of FareViewMode.cs, pasted relevant code for this section)   namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { public List<USState> States { get { return USStates.StateList; } }   public USState SelectedState { get { return _selectedState; } set { _selectedState = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_selectedStatePropertyName); } }   public DateTime? DateOfEntry { get { return _dateOfEntry; } set { _dateOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_dateOfEntryPropertyName); } }   public TimeSpan? TimeOfEntry { get { return _timeOfEntry; } set { _timeOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_timeOfEntryPropertyName); } }   public double? MilesAtSixMPH { get { return _milesAtSixMPH; } set { _milesAtSixMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_distanceAtSixMPHPropertyName); } }   public int? MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get { return _minutesAtTweleveMPH; } set { _minutesAtTweleveMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_minutesAtTweleveMPHPropertyName); } }   public ICommand StartMeterCommand { get { if(_startMeterCommand == null) { _startMeterCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnStartMeter, CanStartMeter); } return _startMeterCommand; } }   public ICommand AddMinutesCommand { get { if(_addMinutesCommand == null) { _addMinutesCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnAddMinutes, CanAddMinutes); } return _addMinutesCommand; } }   public ICommand ResetCommand { get { if(_resetCommand == null) { _resetCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnResetCommand); } return _resetCommand; } }   } private void OnStartMeter(object obj) { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Publish( new TaxiStarted() { EngagedOn = DateOfEntry.Value.Date + TimeOfEntry.Value, EngagedState = SelectedState.Value });   _isMeterStarted = true; OnPropertyChanged(this,null); } And views communicate user actions like button clicks, tree view item selections, etc using commands. When user clicks on ‘Start the Meter’ button it invokes the method StartMeterCommand, which calls the method OnStartMeter which publishes the event to TotalViewModel using event aggregator  and TaxiStartedEvent. namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator;   InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); SubscribeToEvents(); }   public decimal? TotalFare { get { return _totalFare; } set { _totalFare = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_totalFarePropertyName); } } .... private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); }   private void OnTaxiStarted(TaxiStarted taxiStarted) { Fares.Add(new EntryFare()); Fares.Add(new StateTaxFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new NightSurchargeFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new PeakHourWeekdayFare(taxiStarted));   SetTotalFare(Fares); }   private void SetTotalFare(IEnumerable<IFare> fares) { TotalFare = (_totalFare ?? 0) + TaxiFareHelper.GetTotalFare(fares); } ....   } }   TotalViewModel subscribes to events, TaxiStartedEvent and rest. When TaxiStartedEvent gets invoked it calls the OnTaxiStarted method which sets the total fare which includes entry fee, state tax, nightly surcharge, peak hour weekday fare.   Note that TotalViewModel derives from ObservableBase which implements the method RaisePropertyChanged which we are invoking in Set of TotalFare property, i.e, once we update the TotalFare property it raises an the event that  allows the TotalFare text box to fetch the new value through the data context. ViewModel is communicating with View through data context and it has no knowledge about View, helping in loose coupling of ViewModel and View.   I have attached the source code (.Net 4.0, Prism 4.0, VS 2010) , download and play with it and don’t forget to leave your comments.  

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  • SharpDX: best practice for multiple RenderForms?

    - by Rob Jellinghaus
    I have an XNA app, but I really need to add multiple render windows, which XNA doesn't do. I'm looking at SharpDX (both for multi-window support and for DX11 / Metro / many other reasons). I decided to hack up the SharpDX DX11 MultiCubeTexture sample to see if I could make it work. My changes are pretty trivial. The original sample had: [STAThread] private static void Main() { var form = new RenderForm("SharpDX - MiniCubeTexture Direct3D11 Sample"); ... I changed this to: struct RenderFormWithActions { internal readonly RenderForm Form; // should just be Action but it's not in System namespace?! internal readonly Action RenderAction; internal readonly Action DisposeAction; internal RenderFormWithActions(RenderForm form, Action renderAction, Action disposeAction) { Form = form; RenderAction = renderAction; DisposeAction = disposeAction; } } [STAThread] private static void Main() { // hackity hack new Thread(new ThreadStart(() = { RenderFormWithActions form1 = CreateRenderForm(); RenderLoop.Run(form1.Form, () = form1.RenderAction(0)); form1.DisposeAction(0); })).Start(); new Thread(new ThreadStart(() = { RenderFormWithActions form2 = CreateRenderForm(); RenderLoop.Run(form2.Form, () = form2.RenderAction(0)); form2.DisposeAction(0); })).Start(); } private static RenderFormWithActions CreateRenderForm() { var form = new RenderForm("SharpDX - MiniCubeTexture Direct3D11 Sample"); ... Basically, I split out all the Main() code into a separate method which creates a RenderForm and two delegates (a render delegate, and a dispose delegate), and bundles them all together into a struct. I call this method twice, each time from a separate, new thread. Then I just have one RenderLoop on each new thread. I was thinking this wouldn't work because of the [STAThread] declaration -- I thought I would need to create the RenderForm on the main (STA) thread, and run only a single RenderLoop on that thread. Fortunately, it seems I was wrong. This works quite well -- if you drag one of the forms around, it stops rendering while being dragged, but starts again when you drop it; and the other form keeps chugging away. My questions are pretty basic: Is this a reasonable approach, or is there some lurking threading issue that might make trouble? My code simply duplicates all the setup code -- it makes a duplicate SwapChain, Device, Texture2D, vertex buffer, everything. I don't have a problem with this level of duplication -- my app is not intensive enough to suffer resource issues -- but nonetheless, is there a better practice? Is there any good reference for which DirectX structures can safely be shared, and which can't? It appears that RenderLoop.Run calls the render delegate in a tight loop. Is there any standard way to limit the frame rate of RenderLoop.Run, if you don't want a 400FPS app eating 100% of your CPU? Should I just Thread.Sleep(30) in the render delegate? (I asked on the sharpdx.org forums as well, but Alexandre is on vacation for two weeks, and my sister wants me to do a performance with my app at her wedding in three and a half weeks, so I'm mighty incented here! http://robjsoftware.org for details of what I'm building....)

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  • The Incremental Architect&rsquo;s Napkin - #5 - Design functions for extensibility and readability

    - by Ralf Westphal
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/08/24/the-incremental-architectrsquos-napkin---5---design-functions-for.aspx The functionality of programs is entered via Entry Points. So what we´re talking about when designing software is a bunch of functions handling the requests represented by and flowing in through those Entry Points. Designing software thus consists of at least three phases: Analyzing the requirements to find the Entry Points and their signatures Designing the functionality to be executed when those Entry Points get triggered Implementing the functionality according to the design aka coding I presume, you´re familiar with phase 1 in some way. And I guess you´re proficient in implementing functionality in some programming language. But in my experience developers in general are not experienced in going through an explicit phase 2. “Designing functionality? What´s that supposed to mean?” you might already have thought. Here´s my definition: To design functionality (or functional design for short) means thinking about… well, functions. You find a solution for what´s supposed to happen when an Entry Point gets triggered in terms of functions. A conceptual solution that is, because those functions only exist in your head (or on paper) during this phase. But you may have guess that, because it´s “design” not “coding”. And here is, what functional design is not: It´s not about logic. Logic is expressions (e.g. +, -, && etc.) and control statements (e.g. if, switch, for, while etc.). Also I consider calling external APIs as logic. It´s equally basic. It´s what code needs to do in order to deliver some functionality or quality. Logic is what´s doing that needs to be done by software. Transformations are either done through expressions or API-calls. And then there is alternative control flow depending on the result of some expression. Basically it´s just jumps in Assembler, sometimes to go forward (if, switch), sometimes to go backward (for, while, do). But calling your own function is not logic. It´s not necessary to produce any outcome. Functionality is not enhanced by adding functions (subroutine calls) to your code. Nor is quality increased by adding functions. No performance gain, no higher scalability etc. through functions. Functions are not relevant to functionality. Strange, isn´t it. What they are important for is security of investment. By introducing functions into our code we can become more productive (re-use) and can increase evolvability (higher unterstandability, easier to keep code consistent). That´s no small feat, however. Evolvable code can hardly be overestimated. That´s why to me functional design is so important. It´s at the core of software development. To sum this up: Functional design is on a level of abstraction above (!) logical design or algorithmic design. Functional design is only done until you get to a point where each function is so simple you are very confident you can easily code it. Functional design an logical design (which mostly is coding, but can also be done using pseudo code or flow charts) are complementary. Software needs both. If you start coding right away you end up in a tangled mess very quickly. Then you need back out through refactoring. Functional design on the other hand is bloodless without actual code. It´s just a theory with no experiments to prove it. But how to do functional design? An example of functional design Let´s assume a program to de-duplicate strings. The user enters a number of strings separated by commas, e.g. a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a. And the program is supposed to clear this list of all doubles, e.g. a, b, c, d, e. There is only one Entry Point to this program: the user triggers the de-duplication by starting the program with the string list on the command line C:\>deduplicate "a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a" a, b, c, d, e …or by clicking on a GUI button. This leads to the Entry Point function to get called. It´s the program´s main function in case of the batch version or a button click event handler in the GUI version. That´s the physical Entry Point so to speak. It´s inevitable. What then happens is a three step process: Transform the input data from the user into a request. Call the request handler. Transform the output of the request handler into a tangible result for the user. Or to phrase it a bit more generally: Accept input. Transform input into output. Present output. This does not mean any of these steps requires a lot of effort. Maybe it´s just one line of code to accomplish it. Nevertheless it´s a distinct step in doing the processing behind an Entry Point. Call it an aspect or a responsibility - and you will realize it most likely deserves a function of its own to satisfy the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP). Interestingly the above list of steps is already functional design. There is no logic, but nevertheless the solution is described - albeit on a higher level of abstraction than you might have done yourself. But it´s still on a meta-level. The application to the domain at hand is easy, though: Accept string list from command line De-duplicate Present de-duplicated strings on standard output And this concrete list of processing steps can easily be transformed into code:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var output = Deduplicate(input); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } Instead of a big problem there are three much smaller problems now. If you think each of those is trivial to implement, then go for it. You can stop the functional design at this point. But maybe, just maybe, you´re not so sure how to go about with the de-duplication for example. Then just implement what´s easy right now, e.g.private static string Accept_string_list(string[] args) { return args[0]; } private static void Present_deduplicated_string_list( string[] output) { var line = string.Join(", ", output); Console.WriteLine(line); } Accept_string_list() contains logic in the form of an API-call. Present_deduplicated_string_list() contains logic in the form of an expression and an API-call. And then repeat the functional design for the remaining processing step. What´s left is the domain logic: de-duplicating a list of strings. How should that be done? Without any logic at our disposal during functional design you´re left with just functions. So which functions could make up the de-duplication? Here´s a suggestion: De-duplicate Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Processing step 2 obviously was the core of the solution. That´s where real creativity was needed. That´s the core of the domain. But now after this refinement the implementation of each step is easy again:private static string[] Parse_string_list(string input) { return input.Split(',') .Select(s => s.Trim()) .ToArray(); } private static Dictionary<string,object> Compile_unique_strings(string[] strings) { return strings.Aggregate( new Dictionary<string, object>(), (agg, s) => { agg[s] = null; return agg; }); } private static string[] Serialize_unique_strings( Dictionary<string,object> dict) { return dict.Keys.ToArray(); } With these three additional functions Main() now looks like this:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var strings = Parse_string_list(input); var dict = Compile_unique_strings(strings); var output = Serialize_unique_strings(dict); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } I think that´s very understandable code: just read it from top to bottom and you know how the solution to the problem works. It´s a mirror image of the initial design: Accept string list from command line Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Present de-duplicated strings on standard output You can even re-generate the design by just looking at the code. Code and functional design thus are always in sync - if you follow some simple rules. But about that later. And as a bonus: all the functions making up the process are small - which means easy to understand, too. So much for an initial concrete example. Now it´s time for some theory. Because there is method to this madness ;-) The above has only scratched the surface. Introducing Flow Design Functional design starts with a given function, the Entry Point. Its goal is to describe the behavior of the program when the Entry Point is triggered using a process, not an algorithm. An algorithm consists of logic, a process on the other hand consists just of steps or stages. Each processing step transforms input into output or a side effect. Also it might access resources, e.g. a printer, a database, or just memory. Processing steps thus can rely on state of some sort. This is different from Functional Programming, where functions are supposed to not be stateful and not cause side effects.[1] In its simplest form a process can be written as a bullet point list of steps, e.g. Get data from user Output result to user Transform data Parse data Map result for output Such a compilation of steps - possibly on different levels of abstraction - often is the first artifact of functional design. It can be generated by a team in an initial design brainstorming. Next comes ordering the steps. What should happen first, what next etc.? Get data from user Parse data Transform data Map result for output Output result to user That´s great for a start into functional design. It´s better than starting to code right away on a given function using TDD. Please get me right: TDD is a valuable practice. But it can be unnecessarily hard if the scope of a functionn is too large. But how do you know beforehand without investing some thinking? And how to do this thinking in a systematic fashion? My recommendation: For any given function you´re supposed to implement first do a functional design. Then, once you´re confident you know the processing steps - which are pretty small - refine and code them using TDD. You´ll see that´s much, much easier - and leads to cleaner code right away. For more information on this approach I call “Informed TDD” read my book of the same title. Thinking before coding is smart. And writing down the solution as a bunch of functions possibly is the simplest thing you can do, I´d say. It´s more according to the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle than returning constants or other trivial stuff TDD development often is started with. So far so good. A simple ordered list of processing steps will do to start with functional design. As shown in the above example such steps can easily be translated into functions. Moving from design to coding thus is simple. However, such a list does not scale. Processing is not always that simple to be captured in a list. And then the list is just text. Again. Like code. That means the design is lacking visuality. Textual representations need more parsing by your brain than visual representations. Plus they are limited in their “dimensionality”: text just has one dimension, it´s sequential. Alternatives and parallelism are hard to encode in text. In addition the functional design using numbered lists lacks data. It´s not visible what´s the input, output, and state of the processing steps. That´s why functional design should be done using a lightweight visual notation. No tool is necessary to draw such designs. Use pen and paper; a flipchart, a whiteboard, or even a napkin is sufficient. Visualizing processes The building block of the functional design notation is a functional unit. I mostly draw it like this: Something is done, it´s clear what goes in, it´s clear what comes out, and it´s clear what the processing step requires in terms of state or hardware. Whenever input flows into a functional unit it gets processed and output is produced and/or a side effect occurs. Flowing data is the driver of something happening. That´s why I call this approach to functional design Flow Design. It´s about data flow instead of control flow. Control flow like in algorithms is of no concern to functional design. Thinking about control flow simply is too low level. Once you start with control flow you easily get bogged down by tons of details. That´s what you want to avoid during design. Design is supposed to be quick, broad brush, abstract. It should give overview. But what about all the details? As Robert C. Martin rightly said: “Programming is abot detail”. Detail is a matter of code. Once you start coding the processing steps you designed you can worry about all the detail you want. Functional design does not eliminate all the nitty gritty. It just postpones tackling them. To me that´s also an example of the SRP. Function design has the responsibility to come up with a solution to a problem posed by a single function (Entry Point). And later coding has the responsibility to implement the solution down to the last detail (i.e. statement, API-call). TDD unfortunately mixes both responsibilities. It´s just coding - and thereby trying to find detailed implementations (green phase) plus getting the design right (refactoring). To me that´s one reason why TDD has failed to deliver on its promise for many developers. Using functional units as building blocks of functional design processes can be depicted very easily. Here´s the initial process for the example problem: For each processing step draw a functional unit and label it. Choose a verb or an “action phrase” as a label, not a noun. Functional design is about activities, not state or structure. Then make the output of an upstream step the input of a downstream step. Finally think about the data that should flow between the functional units. Write the data above the arrows connecting the functional units in the direction of the data flow. Enclose the data description in brackets. That way you can clearly see if all flows have already been specified. Empty brackets mean “no data is flowing”, but nevertheless a signal is sent. A name like “list” or “strings” in brackets describes the data content. Use lower case labels for that purpose. A name starting with an upper case letter like “String” or “Customer” on the other hand signifies a data type. If you like, you also can combine descriptions with data types by separating them with a colon, e.g. (list:string) or (strings:string[]). But these are just suggestions from my practice with Flow Design. You can do it differently, if you like. Just be sure to be consistent. Flows wired-up in this manner I call one-dimensional (1D). Each functional unit just has one input and/or one output. A functional unit without an output is possible. It´s like a black hole sucking up input without producing any output. Instead it produces side effects. A functional unit without an input, though, does make much sense. When should it start to work? What´s the trigger? That´s why in the above process even the first processing step has an input. If you like, view such 1D-flows as pipelines. Data is flowing through them from left to right. But as you can see, it´s not always the same data. It get´s transformed along its passage: (args) becomes a (list) which is turned into (strings). The Principle of Mutual Oblivion A very characteristic trait of flows put together from function units is: no functional units knows another one. They are all completely independent of each other. Functional units don´t know where their input is coming from (or even when it´s gonna arrive). They just specify a range of values they can process. And they promise a certain behavior upon input arriving. Also they don´t know where their output is going. They just produce it in their own time independent of other functional units. That means at least conceptually all functional units work in parallel. Functional units don´t know their “deployment context”. They now nothing about the overall flow they are place in. They are just consuming input from some upstream, and producing output for some downstream. That makes functional units very easy to test. At least as long as they don´t depend on state or resources. I call this the Principle of Mutual Oblivion (PoMO). Functional units are oblivious of others as well as an overall context/purpose. They are just parts of a whole focused on a single responsibility. How the whole is built, how a larger goal is achieved, is of no concern to the single functional units. By building software in such a manner, functional design interestingly follows nature. Nature´s building blocks for organisms also follow the PoMO. The cells forming your body do not know each other. Take a nerve cell “controlling” a muscle cell for example:[2] The nerve cell does not know anything about muscle cells, let alone the specific muscel cell it is “attached to”. Likewise the muscle cell does not know anything about nerve cells, let a lone a specific nerve cell “attached to” it. Saying “the nerve cell is controlling the muscle cell” thus only makes sense when viewing both from the outside. “Control” is a concept of the whole, not of its parts. Control is created by wiring-up parts in a certain way. Both cells are mutually oblivious. Both just follow a contract. One produces Acetylcholine (ACh) as output, the other consumes ACh as input. Where the ACh is going, where it´s coming from neither cell cares about. Million years of evolution have led to this kind of division of labor. And million years of evolution have produced organism designs (DNA) which lead to the production of these different cell types (and many others) and also to their co-location. The result: the overall behavior of an organism. How and why this happened in nature is a mystery. For our software, though, it´s clear: functional and quality requirements needs to be fulfilled. So we as developers have to become “intelligent designers” of “software cells” which we put together to form a “software organism” which responds in satisfying ways to triggers from it´s environment. My bet is: If nature gets complex organisms working by following the PoMO, who are we to not apply this recipe for success to our much simpler “machines”? So my rule is: Wherever there is functionality to be delivered, because there is a clear Entry Point into software, design the functionality like nature would do it. Build it from mutually oblivious functional units. That´s what Flow Design is about. In that way it´s even universal, I´d say. Its notation can also be applied to biology: Never mind labeling the functional units with nouns. That´s ok in Flow Design. You´ll do that occassionally for functional units on a higher level of abstraction or when their purpose is close to hardware. Getting a cockroach to roam your bedroom takes 1,000,000 nerve cells (neurons). Getting the de-duplication program to do its job just takes 5 “software cells” (functional units). Both, though, follow the same basic principle. Translating functional units into code Moving from functional design to code is no rocket science. In fact it´s straightforward. There are two simple rules: Translate an input port to a function. Translate an output port either to a return statement in that function or to a function pointer visible to that function. The simplest translation of a functional unit is a function. That´s what you saw in the above example. Functions are mutually oblivious. That why Functional Programming likes them so much. It makes them composable. Which is the reason, nature works according to the PoMO. Let´s be clear about one thing: There is no dependency injection in nature. For all of an organism´s complexity no DI container is used. Behavior is the result of smooth cooperation between mutually oblivious building blocks. Functions will often be the adequate translation for the functional units in your designs. But not always. Take for example the case, where a processing step should not always produce an output. Maybe the purpose is to filter input. Here the functional unit consumes words and produces words. But it does not pass along every word flowing in. Some words are swallowed. Think of a spell checker. It probably should not check acronyms for correctness. There are too many of them. Or words with no more than two letters. Such words are called “stop words”. In the above picture the optionality of the output is signified by the astrisk outside the brackets. It means: Any number of (word) data items can flow from the functional unit for each input data item. It might be none or one or even more. This I call a stream of data. Such behavior cannot be translated into a function where output is generated with return. Because a function always needs to return a value. So the output port is translated into a function pointer or continuation which gets passed to the subroutine when called:[3]void filter_stop_words( string word, Action<string> onNoStopWord) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } If you want to be nitpicky you might call such a function pointer parameter an injection. And technically you´re right. Conceptually, though, it´s not an injection. Because the subroutine is not functionally dependent on the continuation. Firstly continuations are procedures, i.e. subroutines without a return type. Remember: Flow Design is about unidirectional data flow. Secondly the name of the formal parameter is chosen in a way as to not assume anything about downstream processing steps. onNoStopWord describes a situation (or event) within the functional unit only. Translating output ports into function pointers helps keeping functional units mutually oblivious in cases where output is optional or produced asynchronically. Either pass the function pointer to the function upon call. Or make it global by putting it on the encompassing class. Then it´s called an event. In C# that´s even an explicit feature.class Filter { public void filter_stop_words( string word) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } public event Action<string> onNoStopWord; } When to use a continuation and when to use an event dependens on how a functional unit is used in flows and how it´s packed together with others into classes. You´ll see examples further down the Flow Design road. Another example of 1D functional design Let´s see Flow Design once more in action using the visual notation. How about the famous word wrap kata? Robert C. Martin has posted a much cited solution including an extensive reasoning behind his TDD approach. So maybe you want to compare it to Flow Design. The function signature given is:string WordWrap(string text, int maxLineLength) {...} That´s not an Entry Point since we don´t see an application with an environment and users. Nevertheless it´s a function which is supposed to provide a certain functionality. The text passed in has to be reformatted. The input is a single line of arbitrary length consisting of words separated by spaces. The output should consist of one or more lines of a maximum length specified. If a word is longer than a the maximum line length it can be split in multiple parts each fitting in a line. Flow Design Let´s start by brainstorming the process to accomplish the feat of reformatting the text. What´s needed? Words need to be assembled into lines Words need to be extracted from the input text The resulting lines need to be assembled into the output text Words too long to fit in a line need to be split Does sound about right? I guess so. And it shows a kind of priority. Long words are a special case. So maybe there is a hint for an incremental design here. First let´s tackle “average words” (words not longer than a line). Here´s the Flow Design for this increment: The the first three bullet points turned into functional units with explicit data added. As the signature requires a text is transformed into another text. See the input of the first functional unit and the output of the last functional unit. In between no text flows, but words and lines. That´s good to see because thereby the domain is clearly represented in the design. The requirements are talking about words and lines and here they are. But note the asterisk! It´s not outside the brackets but inside. That means it´s not a stream of words or lines, but lists or sequences. For each text a sequence of words is output. For each sequence of words a sequence of lines is produced. The asterisk is used to abstract from the concrete implementation. Like with streams. Whether the list of words gets implemented as an array or an IEnumerable is not important during design. It´s an implementation detail. Does any processing step require further refinement? I don´t think so. They all look pretty “atomic” to me. And if not… I can always backtrack and refine a process step using functional design later once I´ve gained more insight into a sub-problem. Implementation The implementation is straightforward as you can imagine. The processing steps can all be translated into functions. Each can be tested easily and separately. Each has a focused responsibility. And the process flow becomes just a sequence of function calls: Easy to understand. It clearly states how word wrapping works - on a high level of abstraction. And it´s easy to evolve as you´ll see. Flow Design - Increment 2 So far only texts consisting of “average words” are wrapped correctly. Words not fitting in a line will result in lines too long. Wrapping long words is a feature of the requested functionality. Whether it´s there or not makes a difference to the user. To quickly get feedback I decided to first implement a solution without this feature. But now it´s time to add it to deliver the full scope. Fortunately Flow Design automatically leads to code following the Open Closed Principle (OCP). It´s easy to extend it - instead of changing well tested code. How´s that possible? Flow Design allows for extension of functionality by inserting functional units into the flow. That way existing functional units need not be changed. The data flow arrow between functional units is a natural extension point. No need to resort to the Strategy Pattern. No need to think ahead where extions might need to be made in the future. I just “phase in” the remaining processing step: Since neither Extract words nor Reformat know of their environment neither needs to be touched due to the “detour”. The new processing step accepts the output of the existing upstream step and produces data compatible with the existing downstream step. Implementation - Increment 2 A trivial implementation checking the assumption if this works does not do anything to split long words. The input is just passed on: Note how clean WordWrap() stays. The solution is easy to understand. A developer looking at this code sometime in the future, when a new feature needs to be build in, quickly sees how long words are dealt with. Compare this to Robert C. Martin´s solution:[4] How does this solution handle long words? Long words are not even part of the domain language present in the code. At least I need considerable time to understand the approach. Admittedly the Flow Design solution with the full implementation of long word splitting is longer than Robert C. Martin´s. At least it seems. Because his solution does not cover all the “word wrap situations” the Flow Design solution handles. Some lines would need to be added to be on par, I guess. But even then… Is a difference in LOC that important as long as it´s in the same ball park? I value understandability and openness for extension higher than saving on the last line of code. Simplicity is not just less code, it´s also clarity in design. But don´t take my word for it. Try Flow Design on larger problems and compare for yourself. What´s the easier, more straightforward way to clean code? And keep in mind: You ain´t seen all yet ;-) There´s more to Flow Design than described in this chapter. In closing I hope I was able to give you a impression of functional design that makes you hungry for more. To me it´s an inevitable step in software development. Jumping from requirements to code does not scale. And it leads to dirty code all to quickly. Some thought should be invested first. Where there is a clear Entry Point visible, it´s functionality should be designed using data flows. Because with data flows abstraction is possible. For more background on why that´s necessary read my blog article here. For now let me point out to you - if you haven´t already noticed - that Flow Design is a general purpose declarative language. It´s “programming by intention” (Shalloway et al.). Just write down how you think the solution should work on a high level of abstraction. This breaks down a large problem in smaller problems. And by following the PoMO the solutions to those smaller problems are independent of each other. So they are easy to test. Or you could even think about getting them implemented in parallel by different team members. Flow Design not only increases evolvability, but also helps becoming more productive. All team members can participate in functional design. This goes beyon collective code ownership. We´re talking collective design/architecture ownership. Because with Flow Design there is a common visual language to talk about functional design - which is the foundation for all other design activities.   PS: If you like what you read, consider getting my ebook “The Incremental Architekt´s Napkin”. It´s where I compile all the articles in this series for easier reading. I like the strictness of Function Programming - but I also find it quite hard to live by. And it certainly is not what millions of programmers are used to. Also to me it seems, the real world is full of state and side effects. So why give them such a bad image? That´s why functional design takes a more pragmatic approach. State and side effects are ok for processing steps - but be sure to follow the SRP. Don´t put too much of it into a single processing step. ? Image taken from www.physioweb.org ? My code samples are written in C#. C# sports typed function pointers called delegates. Action is such a function pointer type matching functions with signature void someName(T t). Other languages provide similar ways to work with functions as first class citizens - even Java now in version 8. I trust you find a way to map this detail of my translation to your favorite programming language. I know it works for Java, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, Go. And if you´re using a Functional Programming language it´s of course a no brainer. ? Taken from his blog post “The Craftsman 62, The Dark Path”. ?

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  • Silverlight Cream for May 08, 2010 -- #858

    - by Dave Campbell
    In this Issue: Phil Middlemiss, Jaime Rodriguez, Senthil Kumar, Mike Snow, DaveDev, Gergely Orosz, Kirupa, Cheryl Simmons, András Velvárt, Dan Wahlin, Michael D. Brown, and Ben Rush. Shoutouts: Erik Mork and crew have their latest up: This Week In Silverlight – Where’s the Tablet? Chris Rouw has a good link post and instructions on WCF RIA services: Deploying and Configuring Silverlight 4 and WCF RIA Services From SilverlightCream.com: Quick and Easy Sscalable Rounded Bevels Phil Middlemiss duplicates some bevel-edged rectangles in Blend, and they look great. Now you don't have to import all the other PhotoShop bits to get those things looking the way you want! A transparent Windows PHONE FAQ Jaime Rodriguez combined a bunch of information into a WP7 FAQ that he's going to keep up to date, so bookmark the page. He also has links to the Training Kit, on and offline versions. Windows Phone Developer Training Kit April Refresh is now available for Download Thanks to Senthil Kumar, I found out there is an April refresh of the WP7 Training kit at Channel 9 -- go get yours now --- I'll still be here when you get back! Silverlight Tip of the Day #16 – Working with IgnoreImageCache Mike Snow's Tip of the day #16 covers IgnoreImageCache and like many other things in life, until you read Mike's post you may be surprised at how it works. DoodlePad – A fun, free, sketching application for Windows Phone 7 DaveDev has a new WP7 App up that lets you or your kids 'Doodle' on the phone... could be a note, or could be a drawing... good post with all the links you need to get this cranked up on the emulator. Printing in Silverlight: Printing Charts and Auto Scaling Gergely Orosz's latest post is a very useful one on auto-scaling charts to fit a printed page and then getting them to print. Smoothly Scrolling a ListBox Check out the smooth scrolling Kirupa has on the ListBox near the top of his post... all good stuff... you wanna know how to do that! Plus... it's dead simple and all in Blend :) http://www.sparklingclient.com/wheres-the-silverlight-tablet/ Cheryl Simmons has a great tip up at the SilverlightSDK if you haven't burned through to figure it out yet ... changing the watermark on a DatePicker control... looks great! The story of a wicked bug András Velvárt tells a story of a bug that just defied logic or being found. Read how he tracked it down and what it actually was... could save you some time. Story learned: if I have a problem that bad, I'm calling András :) Text Trimming in Silverlight 4 Dan Wahlin gives a quick run-through of what TextBox trimming is, and then by a good real example... check it out and start using it in your projects. Enterprise Patterns with WCF RIA Services Michael D. Brown has an article in MSDN Magazine on RIA Services. Great information and link-packed article, with all the source avialable for download. Building Custom Players with the Silverlight Media Framework Ben Rush has a nice long tutorial on the Silverlight Media Framework up on the MSDN Magazine site ... lots of information in there. Stay in the 'Light! Twitter SilverlightNews | Twitter WynApse | WynApse.com | Tagged Posts | SilverlightCream Join me @ SilverlightCream | Phoenix Silverlight User Group Technorati Tags: Silverlight    Silverlight 3    Silverlight 4    Windows Phone MIX10

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  • Why is this beat detection code failing to register some beats properly?

    - by Quincy
    I made this SoundAnalyzer class to detect beats in songs: class SoundAnalyzer { public SoundBuffer soundData; public Sound sound; public List<double> beatMarkers = new List<double>(); public SoundAnalyzer(string path) { soundData = new SoundBuffer(path); sound = new Sound(soundData); } // C = threshold, N = size of history buffer / 1024 B = bands public void PlaceBeatMarkers(float C, int N, int B) { List<double>[] instantEnergyList = new List<double>[B]; GetEnergyList(B, ref instantEnergyList); for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { PlaceMarkers(instantEnergyList[i], N, C); } beatMarkers.Sort(); } private short[] getRange(int begin, int end, short[] array) { short[] result = new short[end - begin]; for (int i = 0; i < end - begin; i++) { result[i] = array[begin + i]; } return result; } // get a array of with a list of energy for each band private void GetEnergyList(int B, ref List<double>[] instantEnergyList) { for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { instantEnergyList[i] = new List<double>(); } short[] samples = soundData.Samples; float timePerSample = 1 / (float)soundData.SampleRate; int sampleIndex = 0; int nextSamples = 1024; int samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; // for the whole song while (sampleIndex + nextSamples < samples.Length) { complex[] FFT = FastFourier.Calculate(getRange(sampleIndex, nextSamples + sampleIndex, samples)); // foreach band for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { double energy = 0; for (int j = 0; j < samplesPerBand; j++) energy += FFT[i * samplesPerBand + j].GetMagnitude(); energy /= samplesPerBand; instantEnergyList[i].Add(energy); } if (sampleIndex + nextSamples >= samples.Length) nextSamples = samples.Length - sampleIndex - 1; sampleIndex += nextSamples; samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; } } // place the actual markers private void PlaceMarkers(List<double> instantEnergyList, int N, float C) { double timePerSample = 1 / (double)soundData.SampleRate; int index = N; int numInBuffer = index; double historyBuffer = 0; //Fill the history buffer with n * instant energy for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[i]; } // If instantEnergy / samples in buffer < instantEnergy for the next sample then add beatmarker. while (index + 1 < instantEnergyList.Count) { if(instantEnergyList[index + 1] > (historyBuffer / numInBuffer) * C) beatMarkers.Add((index + 1) * 1024 * timePerSample); historyBuffer -= instantEnergyList[index - numInBuffer]; historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[index + 1]; index++; } } } For some reason it's only detecting beats from 637 sec to around 641 sec, and I have no idea why. I know the beats are being inserted from multiple bands since I am finding duplicates, and it seems that it's assigning a beat to each instant energy value in between those values. It's modeled after this: http://www.flipcode.com/misc/BeatDetectionAlgorithms.pdf So why won't the beats register properly?

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  • Certificate Trusts Lists in IIS7

    - by BrettRobi
    I am trying to enable mutual authentication for my WebService hosted in IIS7. I have the server side cert setup and working but cannot figure out how to get a Certificate Trust List created and setup in IIS7 so that I can require and validate client side certificates. All of my client side certs are signed by my own root cert so I need to create a CTL that contains just my root cert and then have IIS validate client provided certs against the CTL. Can anyone shed some light on how to do this? IIS6 had a UI for assigning a CTL, but I can find nothing similar in IIS7. Update: I have now successfully used MakeCTL in wizard mode to create a CTL with a Friendly Name. However I don't have adsutil support on my IIS7 box so via other posts elsewhere I am trying to use the 'netsh http add sslcert' command to assign the CTL to my site. Before I could use this command I had to remove the existing SSL cert that was assigned to my site for server authentication. Then in my netsh command I specify the thumbprint of that very same SSL cert I removed, plus a made up appid, plus 'sslctlidentifier=MyCTL sslctlstorename=CA'. The resulting command is: netsh http add sslcert ipport=10.10.10.10:443 certhash=adfdffa988bb50736b8e58a54c1eac26ed005050 appid={ffc3e181-e14b-4a21-b022-59fc669b09ff} sslctlidentifier=MyCTL sslctlstorename=CA (the IP addr is munged), but I am getting this error: SSL Certificate add failed, Error: 1312 A specified logon session does not exist. It may already have been terminated. I am sure the error is related to the CTL options because if I remove them it works (though no CTL is assigned of course). Can anyone help me take this last step and make this work? UPDATE 01-07-2010: I never resolved this with IIS 7.0 and have since migrated our app to IIS 7.5 and am giving this another try. Per the response from Taras Chuhay I installed IIS6 Compatibility on my test server and tried the steps he documented using adsutil.vbs (which can also be found here). I immediately ran into this error: ErrNumber: -2147023584 Error trying to SET the Property: SslCtlIdentifier when running this command: adsutil.vbs set w3svc/1/SslCtlIdentifier MyFriendlyName I then went on to try the next adsutil.vbs command documented and it failed with the same error. I have verified that the CTL I created has a Friendly Name of MyFriendlyName and that it exists in the 'Intermediate Certification Authorities\Certificate Trust List' store of LocalComputer. So once again I am at a dead standstill. I don't know what else to try. Has anyone ever gotten CTL's to work with IIS7 or 7.5? Ever? Am I beating a DEAD horse. Google turns up nothing but my own posts and other similar stories. Update 2/23/10 - I've confirmed with Microsoft that this is a bug with IIS 7.5, but it does work with IIS 7. Check out this link for details: http://viisual.net/configuration/IIS7-CTLs.htm Update 6/08/10 - I can now confirm that KB981506 resolves this issue. There is a patch associated with this KB that must be applied to Server 2008 R2 machines to enable this functionality. Once that is installed all works flawlessly for me.

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  • TS-7800 Hangs on bootup

    - by Reid
    I have a TS-7800, and it typically boots from the SD card inserted in it. When I tried to boot it up today, it hung on the syslog line. I am now having "Read only file system" problems. What has gone wrong? Bootup console: >> Copyright (c) 2008, Technologic Systems >> Booting from SD card... . . . . >> Booting to SD Card... INIT: version 2.86 booting Starting the hotplug events dispatcher: udevd. Synthesizing the initial hotplug events...done. Waiting for /dev to be fully populated...done. mount: can't find / in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab Cleaning up ifupdown...rm: cannot remove `/etc/network/run/ifstate': Read-only file system Loading kernel modules...done. Checking all file systems... fsck 1.37 (21-Mar-2005) ... done. none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /etc/init.d/rcS: line 39: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system Setting up networking...done. Setting up IP spoofing protection: rp_filter. Enabling packet forwarding...done. Configuring network interfaces...ifup: failed to open statefile /etc/network/run/ifstate: Read-only file system done. Starting portmap daemon: portmap. /etc/init.d/rcS: line 39: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system /etc/init.d/rcS: line 24: /var/run/utmp: Read-only file system rm: cannot remove `/var/lib/urandom/random-seed': Read-only file system urandom start: failed. Recovering nvi editor sessions... done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 Starting system log daemon: syslogd . Starting kernel log daemon: klogd. Starting MTA: open: Read-only file system touch: cannot touch `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp': Read-only file system chown: cannot access `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp': No such file or directory chmod: cannot access `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp': No such file or directory chmod: changing permissions of `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated': Read-only file system /usr/sbin/update-exim4.conf: line 260: cannot create temp file for here document: Read-only file system /usr/sbin/update-exim4.conf: line 387: /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp: Read-only file system 2002-01-01 01:31:36 Cannot open main log file "/var/log/exim4/mainlog": Read-only file system: euid=0 egid=0 2002-01-01 01:31:36 non-existent configuration file(s): /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp 2002-01-01 01:31:36 Cannot open main log file "/var/log/exim4/mainlog": Read-only file system: euid=0 egid=0 exim: could not open panic log - aborting: see message(s) above Invalid new configfile /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp not installing /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp to /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated Starting internet superserver: inetd. Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd. Starting NFS common utilities: statdStarting periodic command scheduler: cron/usr/sbin/cron: can't open or create /var/run/crond.pid: Read-only file system . Starting web server (apache2)...(30)Read-only file system: apache2: could not open error log file /var/log/apache2/error.log. Unable to open logs failed! Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 ts7800 ttyS0 ts7800 login:

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  • Useful Command-line Commands on Windows

    - by Sung Meister
    The aim for this Wiki is to promote using a command to open up commonly used applications without having to go through many mouse clicks - thus saving time on monitoring and troubleshooting Windows machines. Answer entries need to specify Application name Commands Screenshot (Optional) Shortcut to commands && - Command Chaining %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\rcimlby.exe -LaunchRA - Remote Assistance (Windows XP) appwiz.cpl - Programs and Features (Formerly Known as "Add or Remove Programs") appwiz.cpl @,2 - Turn Windows Features On and Off (Add/Remove Windows Components pane) arp - Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by address resolution protocol (ARP) at - Schedule tasks either locally or remotely without using Scheduled Tasks bootsect.exe - Updates the master boot code for hard disk partitions to switch between BOOTMGR and NTLDR cacls - Change Access Control List (ACL) permissions on a directory, its subcontents, or files calc - Calculator chkdsk - Check/Fix the disk surface for physical errors or bad sectors cipher - Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions cleanmgr.exe - Disk Cleanup clip - Redirects output of command line tools to the Windows clipboard cls - clear the command line screen cmd /k - Run command with command extensions enabled color - Sets the default console foreground and background colors in console command.com - Default Operating System Shell compmgmt.msc - Computer Management control.exe /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter - Network and Sharing Center control keyboard - Keyboard Properties control mouse(or main.cpl) - Mouse Properties control sysdm.cpl,@0,3 - Advanced Tab of the System Properties dialog control userpasswords2 - Opens the classic User Accounts dialog desk.cpl - opens the display properties devmgmt.msc - Device Manager diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management diskpart - Disk management from the command line dsa.msc - Opens active directory users and computers dsquery - Finds any objects in the directory according to criteria dxdiag - DirectX Diagnostic Tool eventvwr - Windows Event Log (Event Viewer) explorer . - Open explorer with the current folder selected. explorer /e, . - Open explorer, with folder tree, with current folder selected. F7 - View command history find - Searches for a text string in a file or files findstr - Find a string in a file firewall.cpl - Opens the Windows Firewall settings fsmgmt.msc - Shared Folders fsutil - Perform tasks related to FAT and NTFS file systems ftp - Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service getmac - Shows the mac address(es) of your network adapter(s) gpedit.msc - Group Policy Editor gpresult - Displays the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) information for a target user and computer httpcfg.exe - HTTP Configuration Utility iisreset - To restart IIS InetMgr.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 7 InetMgr6.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 6 intl.cpl - Regional and Language Options ipconfig - Internet protocol configuration lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups Administrator msconfig - System Configuration notepad - Notepad? ;) mmsys.cpl - Sound/Recording/Playback properties mode - Configure system devices more - Displays one screen of output at a time mrt - Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool mstsc.exe - Remote Desktop Connection nbstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT ncpa.cpl - Network Connections netsh - Display or modify the network configuration of a computer that is currently running netstat - Network Statistics net statistics - Check computer up time net stop - Stops a running service. net use - Connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections odbcad32.exe - ODBC Data Source Administrator pathping - A traceroute that collects detailed packet loss stats perfmon - Opens Reliability and Performance Monitor ping - Determine whether a remote computer is accessible over the network powercfg.cpl - Power management control panel applet quser - Display information about user sessions on a terminal server qwinsta - See disconnected remote desktop sessions reg.exe - Console Registry Tool for Windows regedit - Registry Editor rasdial - Connects to a VPN or a dialup network robocopy - Backup/Restore/Copy large amounts of files reliably rsop.msc - Resultant Set of Policy (shows the combined effect of all group policies active on the current system/login) runas - Run specific tools and programs with different permissions than the user's current logon provides sc - Manage anything you want to do with services. schtasks - Enables an administrator to create, delete, query, change, run and end scheduled tasks on a local or remote system. secpol.msc - Local Security Settings services.msc - Services control panel set - Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables. set DIRCMD - Preset dir parameter in cmd.exe start - Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command start. - opens the current directory in the Windows Explorer. shutdown.exe - Shutdown or Reboot a local/remote machine subst.exe - Associates a path with a drive letter, including local drives systeminfo -Displays a comprehensive information about the system taskkill - terminate tasks by process id (PID) or image name tasklist.exe - List Processes on local or a remote machine taskmgr.exe - Task Manager telephon.cpl - Telephone and Modem properties timedate.cpl - Date and Time title - Change the title of the CMD window you have open tracert - Trace route wmic - Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line winver.exe - Find Windows Version wscui.cpl - Windows Security Center wuauclt.exe - Windows Update AutoUpdate Client

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  • MySQL my.cnf file not being read, Ubuntu 10.04 64bit

    - by reallyordinary
    I've been researching this for a few hours with no luck. Basically it looks like my server's my.cnf file isn't being read at all. I've searched my server, and there's only one my.cnf file on it, located at /etc/mysql/my.cnf. Its ownership is root:root. I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 64bit on a Linode.com server. I have the latest versions of MySQL and PHP installed. I've edited the my.cnf file, commented out "skip-innodb", and have set innodb to be the default storage engine using default-storage-engine = innodb And then restarted mysql. But when I do show engines, MyISAM is still coming up as the default engine. Also - none of the innodb settings I've added to the my.cnf file are being read. For example, I have this in my.cnf: innodb_buffer_pool_size=4G But in phpmyadmin, InnoDB is showing as having a buffer pool size of 8,192 KiB. Similarly, I have this in the my.cnf: innodb_data-file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend But in phpmyadmin, it's reading as ibdata1:10M:autoextend. It doesn't look like MyISAM info is being read from the my.cnf file either. The my.cnf file has skip-external-locking queried out, but it's showing as "on" in phpmyadmin. So - yeah, it looks like nothing in the my.cnf file is being read at all. But the server still works. I'm running a Drupal site on it and it seems to operate fine. So mysql seems to be drawing default settings from... some mysterious secret location. Any idea how I can make mysql see and use this my.cnf file? Actually, wait - it looks like it may be being read, not sure. I checked the error.log and found this: 101128 4:28:52 [ERROR] Cannot find or open table databasename/cache_apachesolr from the internal data dictionary of InnoDB though the .frm file for the table exists. Maybe you have deleted and recreated InnoDB data files but have forgotten to delete the corresponding .frm files of InnoDB tables, or you have moved .frm files to another database? or, the table contains indexes that this version of the engine doesn't support. See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html how you can resolve the problem. InnoDB: Error: auto-extending data file ./ibdata1 is of a different size InnoDB: 640 pages (rounded down to MB) than specified in the .cnf file: InnoDB: initial 32000 pages, max 0 (relevant if non-zero) pages! InnoDB: Could not open or create data files. InnoDB: If you tried to add new data files, and it failed here, InnoDB: you should now edit innodb_data_file_path in my.cnf back InnoDB: to what it was, and remove the new ibdata files InnoDB created InnoDB: in this failed attempt. InnoDB only wrote those files full of InnoDB: zeros, but did not yet use them in any way. But be careful: do not InnoDB: remove old data files which contain your precious data! 101128 4:28:52 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 101128 4:28:52 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 101128 4:28:52 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown variable 'innodb_lock_wait_timout=50' 101128 4:28:52 [ERROR] Aborting 101128 4:28:52 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

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  • Broken cups installation on a ubuntu server 64

    - by user67046
    Hi, I am having trouble with an cups installation. It seems to be in a broken state. When i try to reinstall it it stalls, the same if i try to remove it completely. I am running the server version 64 bit of Ubuntu 10.10 with kernel Linux version 2.6.35-22-server. When i try to start the cups daemon with the following command sudo service cups start It just stays there and nothing happens. I have tried to remove it, to be able to reinstall it, with the following command sudo apt-get purge cups It finally stalls with the following message Removing cups ... After that nothing happens. The process tree for the apt-get command looks like this. 1404 1404 1404 ? 00:00:00 sshd 26495 26495 26495 ? 00:00:00 sshd 26581 26495 26495 ? 00:00:00 sshd 26582 26582 26582 pts/4 00:00:00 bash 27158 27158 26582 pts/4 00:00:00 apt-get 27172 27172 27172 pts/2 00:00:00 dpkg 27176 27172 27172 pts/2 00:00:00 cups.prerm 27178 27172 27172 pts/2 00:00:00 stop I have tried to leave the process running for a while to see if i get any error messages but without success. To get out of it I have to kill the processes. sudo dpkg --configure cups dpkg: error processing cups (--configure): package cups is already installed and configured Errors were encountered while processing: cups sudo dpkg --status cups Package: cups Status: purge ok installed Priority: optional Section: net Installed-Size: 8292 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]> Architecture: amd64 Version: 1.4.4-6ubuntu2.3 Replaces: cupsddk-drivers (<< 1.4.0) Provides: cupsddk-drivers Depends: libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libc6 (>= 2.7), libcups2 (>= 1.4.4-3~), libcupscgi1 (>= 1.4.2), libcupsdriver1 (>= 1.4.0), libcupsimage2 (>= 1.4.0), libcupsmime1 (>= 1.4.0), libcupsppdc1 (>= 1.4.0), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.0.2), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libgnutls26 (>= 2.7.14-0), libgssapi-krb5-2 (>= 1.8+dfsg), libijs-0.35, libkrb5-3 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2), libldap-2.4-2 (>= 2.4.7), libpam0g (>= 0.99.7.1), libpaper1, libpoppler7, libslp1, libstdc++6 (>= 4.1.1), libusb-0.1-4 (>= 2:0.1.12), zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4), debconf (>= 1.2.9) | debconf-2.0, upstart-job, poppler-utils (>= 0.12), procps, ghostscript, lsb-base (>= 3), cups-common (>= 1.4.4), cups-client (>= 1.4.4-6ubuntu2.3), ssl-cert (>= 1.0.11), adduser, bc, ttf-freefont, cups-ppdc Recommends: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0), cups-driver-gutenprint, ghostscript-cups Suggests: cups-bsd, foomatic-db-compressed-ppds | foomatic-db, hplip, xpdf-korean | xpdf-japanese | xpdf-chinese-traditional | xpdf-chinese-simplified, cups-pdf, smbclient (>= 3.0.9), udev Breaks: foomatic-filters (<< 4.0) Conflicts: cupsddk-drivers (<< 1.4.0) Conffiles: /etc/fonts/conf.d/99pdftoopvp.conf a5221cfad70a981c80864229ef56586d /etc/logrotate.d/cups 5bb41fa9900f0d1c565954405a2bd7c4 /etc/default/cups 2b436fbb1a32b82b6aba45a76a1d7e40 /etc/pam.d/cups ff2488324854f7b1e892bb0df062d5f0 /etc/init/cups.conf 1a3cd022e8474e3d2b44640f33ce68e3 /etc/ufw/applications.d/cups 29e98a6d850da251e180c3d68dec2bd3 /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.cupsd 60c4b26bfd5c033baa3dd48a3b2e9911 /etc/cups/cupsd.conf e2c7ec15835ea0939e5e86f7c6efcc03 /etc/cups/snmp.conf 2326a8af1e112676d55245bc5eb459ca /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.default a68d54d76021e857dd1d64edf57d36c5 Description: Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - server The Common UNIX Printing System (or CUPS(tm)) is a printing system and general replacement for lpd and the like. It supports the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), and has its own filtering driver model for handling various document types. . This package provides the CUPS scheduler/daemon and related files. Original-Maintainer: Debian CUPS Maintainers <[email protected]> Would be greatful if someone could provide some help on how to solve this issue.

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  • How to get rid of a stubborn 'removed' device in mdadm

    - by T.J. Crowder
    One of my server's drives failed and so I removed the failed drive from all three relevant arrays, had the drive swapped out, and then added the new drive to the arrays. Two of the arrays worked perfectly. The third added the drive back as a spare, and there's an odd "removed" entry in the mdadm details. I tried both mdadm /dev/md2 --remove failed and mdadm /dev/md2 --remove detached as suggested here and here, neither of which complained, but neither of which had any effect, either. Does anyone know how I can get rid of that entry and get the drive added back properly? (Ideally without resyncing a third time, I've already had to do it twice and it takes hours. But if that's what it takes, that's what it takes.) The new drive is /dev/sda, the relevant partition is /dev/sda3. Here's the detail on the array: # mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 26 12:27:49 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Used Dev Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 12 17:48:53 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : 2fdbf68c:d572d905:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host blah) Events : 0.34665 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - spare /dev/sda3 If it's relevant, it's a 64-bit server. It normally runs Ubuntu, but right now I'm in the data centre's "rescue" OS, which is Debian 7 (wheezy). The "removed" entry was there the last time I was in Ubuntu (it won't, currently, boot from the disk), so I don't think that's not some Ubuntu/Debian conflict (and they are, of course, closely related). Update: Having done extensive tests with test devices on a local machine, I'm just plain getting anomalous behavior from mdadm with this array. For instance, with /dev/sda3 removed from the array again, I did this: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --force --raid-devices=1 And that got rid of the "removed" device, leaving me just with /dev/sdb3. Then I nuked /dev/sda3 (wrote a file system to it, so it didn't have the raid fs anymore), then: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=2 ...which gave me an array with /dev/sdb3 in slot 0 and "removed" in slot 1 as you'd expect. Then mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3 ...added it — as a spare again. (Another 3.5 hours down the drain.) So with the rebuilt spare in the array, given that mdadm's man page says RAID-DEVICES CHANGES ... When the number of devices is increased, any hot spares that are present will be activated immediately. ...I grew the array to three devices, to try to activate the "spare": mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=3 What did I get? Two "removed" devices, and the spare. And yet when I do this with a test array, I don't get this behavior. So I nuked /dev/sda3 again, used it to create a brand-new array, and am copying the data from the old array to the new one: rsync -r -t -v --exclude 'lost+found' --progress /mnt/oldarray/* /mnt/newarray This will, of course, take hours. Hopefully when I'm done, I can stop the old array entirely, nuke /dev/sdb3, and add it to the new array. Hopefully, it won't get added as a spare!

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  • Excel: conditionally format a cell using the format of another, content-matching cell

    - by Eric A. Meyer
    I have an Excel spreadsheet where I’d like to be able to create a “key” of formatted cells with unique values, and then in another sheet format cells using the key formatting. So for example, my key is as follows, with one value per cell and the visual formatting indicated in parentheses: A (red background) B (green background) C (blue background) So that’s on one sheet (or in a remote corner of the current sheet—whichever is better). Then, in an area that I mark for conditional formatting, I can type one of those three letters and have the cell where I typed it visually formatted according to the key. So if I type a “B” into one of the conditionally formatted cells, it gets a green background. (Note that I’m using backgrounds here solely for ease of explanation: ideally I want to have all visual formatting copied over, whether it’s foreground color, background color, font weight, borders, or whatever. But I’ll take what I can get, obviously.) And—just to make it extra-tricky—if I change the formatting in the key, that change should be reflected in cells that reference the key. Thus, if I change the “B” formatting in the key from a green background to a purple background, any “B” in the main sheet should switch to the new color. Similarly, it should be possible to add or remove values from the key and have those changes applied to the main data set. I’m okay with the formatting-update-on-key-change being triggered by clicking a button or something. I suspect that if any of this is possible it will require VBA, but I’ve never used it so I’ve no idea where to start if that’s the case. I’m hoping it’s possible without VBA. I know it’s possible to just use multiple conditional formats, but my use case here is that I’m trying to create the above-described capability for someone who isn’t conversant with conditional formatting. I’d like to let them be able to define a key, update it if necessary, and keep on truckin’ without me having to rewrite the spreadsheet’s formatting rules for them. --- UPDATE --- So I think I was a bit unclear about my original request. Let me try again with an image. The image shows the “key” on the left, where values and styles are defined using keyboard and mouse input. On the right, you see the data that should be formatted to match the key. Thus if I type a “C” into a cell in the Data area, it should be blue-backed. Furthermore, if I change the formatting of “C” in the Key to have a purple background, all the “C” cells should switch from blue to purple. For further craziness, if I add more to the Key (say, “D” with a yellow background) then any “D” cells will be styled to match; if I remove a Key entry, then matching values in the Data area should revert to default styling. So. Is that more clear? Is it possible, in whole or in part? I don’t have to use conditional formatting for this; in fact, at this point I suspect I probably shouldn’t. But I’m open to any approach!

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  • Deploying play! 2.0 application on an apache server with a reverse proxy

    - by locrizak
    I'm trying to deploy my play! 2.0 application on an Ubuntu 11.10 server and I have been running into error after error and hope someone can help me here. I am try to deploy my Play! application using a reverse proxy on Apache 2. I have enabled the apache proxy modules and configured the proxy.conf file in mods_enabled. The vhost for my domain looks like this: <Directory /var/www/stage.domain.com AllowOverride None Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </Directory <VirtualHost *:80 DocumentRoot /var/www/stage.domain.com/web ServerName stage.domain.com ServerAdmin [email protected] # ProxyRequests Off # ProxyPreserveHost On <Proxy * Order allow,deny Allow from all </Proxy # ProxyVia On # ProxyPass /play/ http://localhost:9000/ # ProxyPassReverse /play/ http://localhost:9000/ ErrorLog /var/log/ispconfig/httpd/stage.domain.com/error.log ErrorDocument 400 /error/400.html ErrorDocument 401 /error/401.html ErrorDocument 403 /error/403.html ErrorDocument 404 /error/404.html ErrorDocument 405 /error/405.html ErrorDocument 500 /error/500.html ErrorDocument 502 /error/502.html ErrorDocument 503 /error/503.html <IfModule mod_ssl.c </IfModule <Directory /var/www/stage.domain.com/web Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory <Directory /var/www/clients/client2/web7/web Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory # Clear PHP settings of this website <FilesMatch "\.ph(p3?|tml)$" SetHandler None </FilesMatch # mod_php enabled AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .php3 .php4 .php5 php_admin_value sendmail_path "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i [email protected]" php_admin_value upload_tmp_dir /var/www/clients/client2/web7/tmp php_admin_value session.save_path /var/www/clients/client2/web7/tmp # PHPIniDir /var/www/conf/web7 php_admin_value open_basedir /var/www/clients/client2/web7/:/var/www/clients/client2/web7/web:/va$ # add support for apache mpm_itk <IfModule mpm_itk_module AssignUserId web7 client2 </IfModule <IfModule mod_dav_fs.c # Do not execute PHP files in webdav directory <Directory /var/www/clients/client2/web7/webdav <FilesMatch "\.ph(p3?|tml)$" SetHandler None </FilesMatch </Directory # DO NOT REMOVE THE COMMENTS! # IF YOU REMOVE THEM, WEBDAV WILL NOT WORK ANYMORE! # WEBDAV BEGIN # WEBDAV END </IfModule # <Location /play/ # ProxyPass http://localhost:9000/ # SetEnv force-proxy-request-1.0 1 # SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1 # </Location ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass /play/ http://localhost:9000/ ProxyPassReverse /play/ localhost:9000/ ProxyPass /play http://localhost:9000/ ProxyPassReverse /play http://localhost:9000/ # SetEnv force-proxy-request-1.0 1 # SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1 </VirtualHost This vhost file was generated by ispconfig and I have not touched anything that was there before just added onto. As you can see by the commented out parts I have tried a lot of different things based on random tutorials I have found but all of them have ended up in Internal Server Error, 503 and most often a '502 Bad Gateway`. I can start play and it does connect successfully to my database. I can get a page to show up when there is an error and the play! stack trace error pages comes up but where everything is fine I get one of the errors above. My application.conf file looks like this: db info ....... application.mode=PROD logger.root=ERROR # Logger used by the framework: logger.play=INFO # Logger provided to your application: logger.application=DEBUG http.path="/play/" XForwardedSupport="127.0.0.1" And my hosts file looks like this (I have never changed or added anything to the host file): 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 matrix # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters Any insights onto what I might be doing wrong or if theres anything I can try please let me know! Thanks!! Edit Again the reverse proxy will work (I checked with sending to to google.com). Its when there is a successful connection to Netty. It's like Netty refuses the connection to the page. Edit 2 output from apachectl -S _default_:8081 127.0.0.1 (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-apps.vhost:10) *:8090 is a NameVirtualHost default server 127.0.0.1 (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-ispconfig.vhost:10) port 8090 namevhost 127.0.0.1 (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-ispconfig.vhost:10) *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server 127.0.0.1 (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost 127.0.0.1 (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost domain.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/100-domain.com.vhost:7) port 80 namevhost domain.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/100-domain.com.vhost:7) port 80 namevhost domain.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/100-domain.com.vhost:7) port 80 namevhost domain.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/100-domain.com.vhost:7) port 80 namevhost domain.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/100-domain.com.vhost:7) port 80 namevhost stage.domain.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/100-stage.domain.com.vhost:7) port 80 namevhost domain.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/100-domain.com.vhost:7)

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  • Why wireless adatper stop to work?

    - by AndreaNobili
    today I correctly installed the driver for the TP-LINK TL-WN725N USB wireless adapter on my RaspBerry Pi (I use RaspBian that is a Debian), then I setted up the wifi using the wpa-supplicant as explained in this tutorial: http://www.maketecheasier.com/setup-wifi-on-raspberry-pi/ This worked fine untill this evening. Then suddenly it stopped to work when I try to connect in SSH and the Raspberry is on the wireless (or rather it should be, as this is not in the list of my router's DHCP connected Client) The strange thing is that the USB wirless adapter blink so I think that this is not a driver problem. If I try to connect it by the ethernet I have no problem. It appear in my router's DHCP connected Client and I can connect to it by SSH. When I connect to it using ethernet if I perform an ifconfig command I obtain: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:2a:9f:b0 inet addr:192.168.1.9 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6006 (5.8 KiB) TX bytes:8268 (8.0 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:94:f6:19:80:4c UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) So it seems that the wlan0 USB wireless adapter driver is correctly loaded. If I remove the USB wireless adapter and put it again into the USB port, the lasts lines of dmesg log is: [ 20.303172] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: hardware isn't capable of remote wakeup [ 20.306340] RTL871X: set bssid:00:00:00:00:00:00 [ 20.306726] RTL871X: set ssid [g\xffffffc6isQ\xffffffffJ\xffffffec)\xffffffcd\xffffffba\xffffffba\xffffffab\xfffffff2\xfffffffb\xffffffe3F|\xffffffc2T\xfffffff8\x1b\xffffffe8\xffffffe7\xffffff8dvZ.c3\xffffff9f\xffffffc9\xffffff9a\xffffff9aD\xffffffa7\x1a\xffffffa0\x1a\xffffff8b] fw_state=0x00000008 [ 21.614585] RTL871X: indicate disassoc [ 21.908495] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1 [ 25.006282] Adding 102396k swap on /var/swap. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:102396k SSFS [ 26.247997] RTL871X: nolinked power save enter As you can see some of these line are related to the RTL871X that is my USB wireless adapter, but I don't know is that these line report an error or if it is all ok. Looking at the adapter status I obtain: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ip link list dev wlan0 3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DORMANT qlen 1000 link/ether e8:94:f6:19:80:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff As you can see the mode is DORMANT but I think that this is normal because now I am connected using ethernet. I tryied to set up the adapter but it seems that I obtain no result, infact: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ip link set dev wlan0 up pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ip link list dev wlan0 3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DORMANT qlen 1000 link/ether e8:94:f6:19:80:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ip link set dev wlan0 up This is my /etc/network/interfaces file content and it is ok: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp and it is the /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf that I think is ok (I did not change it compared to when it worked): ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 network={ ssid="MY-NETWORK" psk="mypassword" key_mgmt=WPA-PSK } and infact if I execute a network scan I correctly find MY-NETWORK in the network list,infact: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID ESSID:"TeleTu_74888B0060AD" ESSID:"MY-NETWORK" ESSID:"FASTWEB-1-PT6NtjL4TOSe" ESSID:"DC" So I reboot the system and I remove the ethernet cable but when I try to connect again to my raspberry I obatin the following error message: andrea@andrea-virtual-machine:~$ sudo ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.1.9 port 22: No route to host It seems that it can't connect using wireless. What could be the problem? What am I missing? How can I solve this situation? Tnx

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  • the font of xubuntu

    - by ubuntu
    HI: How to set the default font for different language in the xubuntu? For example, I am using xubuntu9.10(English release),and I do not like the default English and Chinese font. I have tried to use "Application-setting-appearance-fonts" to edit the default font,however it just work for the English. The default font of Chinese is "WenQuanYi Zen Hei". I do not like it. I want to use "Microsoft YaHei", I copy this file from my Win7 system. And I tried remove the "WenQuanYi Zen Hei" by "sudo aptitude remove ttf-wqy",it show me it is successfully removed. Also I have modify the file: /etc/fonts/conf.avail/69-language-selector-zh-cn.conf to: <fontconfig> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>serif</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>Bitstream Vera Serif</string> <string>DejaVu Serif</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>sans-serif</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Bitstream Vera Sans</string> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>DejaVu Sans</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>monospace</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</string> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>DejaVu Sans Mono</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> </fontconfig> However when I use the firefox, I found the title of the firefox window is not YaHei. See the image here So what is the problem?

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  • the font of xubuntu

    - by ubuntu
    HI: How to set the default font for different language in the xubuntu? For example, I am using xubuntu9.10(English release),and I do not like the default English and Chinese font. I have tried to use "Application-setting-appearance-fonts" to edit the default font,however it just work for the English. The default font of Chinese is "WenQuanYi Zen Hei". I do not like it. I want to use "Microsoft YaHei", I copy this file from my Win7 system. And I tried remove the "WenQuanYi Zen Hei" by "sudo aptitude remove ttf-wqy",it show me it is successfully removed. Also I have modify the file: /etc/fonts/conf.avail/69-language-selector-zh-cn.conf to: <fontconfig> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>serif</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>Bitstream Vera Serif</string> <string>DejaVu Serif</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>sans-serif</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Bitstream Vera Sans</string> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>DejaVu Sans</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>monospace</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</string> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>DejaVu Sans Mono</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> </fontconfig> However when I use the firefox, I found the title of the firefox window is not YaHei. See the image here So what is the problem?

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  • the font of xubuntu

    - by ubuntu
    HI: How to set the default font for different language in the xubuntu? For example, I am using xubuntu9.10(English release),and I do not like the default English and Chinese font. I have tried to use "Application-setting-appearance-fonts" to edit the default font,however it just work for the English. The default font of Chinese is "WenQuanYi Zen Hei". I do not like it. I want to use "Microsoft YaHei", I copy this file from my Win7 system. And I tried remove the "WenQuanYi Zen Hei" by "sudo aptitude remove ttf-wqy",it show me it is successfully removed. Also I have modify the file: /etc/fonts/conf.avail/69-language-selector-zh-cn.conf to: <fontconfig> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>serif</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>Bitstream Vera Serif</string> <string>DejaVu Serif</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>sans-serif</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Bitstream Vera Sans</string> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>DejaVu Sans</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="any" name="family"> <string>monospace</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"> <string>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</string> <string>Microsoft YaHei</string> <string>DejaVu Sans Mono</string> <string>AR PL UMing CN</string> <string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string> <string>AR PL UKai CN</string> <string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string> </edit> </match> </fontconfig> However when I use the firefox, I found the title of the firefox window is not YaHei. See the image here So what is the problem?

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  • duplicate cache pages: Varnish

    - by Sukhjinder Singh
    Recently we have configured Varnish on our server, it was successfully setup but we noticed that if we open any page in multiple browsers, the Varnish send request to Apache not matter page is cached or not. If we refresh twice on each browser it creates duplicate copies of the same page. What exactly should happen: If any page is cached by Varnish, the subsequent request should be served from Varnish itself when we are opening the same page in browser OR we are opening that page from different IP address. Following is my default.vcl file backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "80"; } sub vcl_recv { if( req.url ~ "^/search/.*$") { }else { set req.url = regsub(req.url, "\?.*", ""); } if (req.restarts == 0) { if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip; } else { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } } if (!req.backend.healthy) { unset req.http.Cookie; } set req.grace = 6h; if (req.url ~ "^/status\.php$" || req.url ~ "^/update\.php$" || req.url ~ "^/admin$" || req.url ~ "^/admin/.*$" || req.url ~ "^/flag/.*$" || req.url ~ "^.*/ajax/.*$" || req.url ~ "^.*/ahah/.*$") { return (pass); } if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(pdf|asc|dat|txt|doc|xls|ppt|tgz|csv|png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?.*)?$") { unset req.http.Cookie; } if (req.http.Cookie) { set req.http.Cookie = ";" + req.http.Cookie; set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "; +", ";"); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";(SESS[a-z0-9]+|SSESS[a-z0-9]+|NO_CACHE)=", "; \1="); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";[^ ][^;]*", ""); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "^[; ]+|[; ]+$", ""); if (req.http.Cookie == "") { unset req.http.Cookie; } else { return (pass); } } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") {return(pipe);} /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */ if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { return (pass); } if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$") { # No point in compressing these remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { # unknown algorithm remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } return (lookup); } sub vcl_deliver { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "MISS"; } } sub vcl_fetch { if (beresp.status == 404 || beresp.status == 301 || beresp.status == 500) { set beresp.ttl = 10m; } if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(pdf|asc|dat|txt|doc|xls|ppt|tgz|csv|png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?.*)?$") { unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } set beresp.grace = 6h; } sub vcl_hash { hash_data(req.url); if (req.http.host) { hash_data(req.http.host); } else { hash_data(server.ip); } return (hash); } sub vcl_pipe { set req.http.connection = "close"; } sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") {ban_url(req.url); error 200 "Purged";} if (!obj.ttl > 0s) {return(pass);} } sub vcl_miss { if (req.request == "PURGE") {error 200 "Not in cache";} }

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  • Debian dependency problems / partially installed

    - by Michael
    I tried to install curl support for php 5 on my debian squeeze machine and since I'm having problems. After trying to install curl I got dependency issues which I tried to solve by removing what started the issues. From one thing came another and I'm currently looking at ~29 issues when I try to do an apt-get upgrade. These issues vary from unable to config, dependency and unable to remove errors. I tried apt-get upgrade -f and installing packages using dpkg command. I tried removing using purge and force. I manually removed stuff to try and fix it. I tried running dpkg --configure -a. I've to say I'm still pretty new to linux so I'm out of idea's and cant seem to find an answer online that matches my problems. Here's a part of the apt-get upgrade command output: Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 29 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Setting up libgeoip1 (1.4.7~beta6+dfsg-1) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libgeoip1 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libisc62 (1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze3) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libisc62 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libdns69: libdns69 depends on libgeoip1 (>= 1.4.7~beta6+dfsg); however: Package libgeoip1 is not configured yet. libdns69 depends on libisc62; however: Package libisc62 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing libdns69 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libisccc60: libisccc60 depends on libisc62; however: Package libisc62 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing libisccc60 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libisccfg62: libisccfg62 depends on libdns69; however: Package libdns69 is not configured yet. .. continues Errors were encountered while processing: libgeoip1 libisc62 libdns69 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libbind9-60 liblwres60 bind9-host libavahi-core7 libdaemon0 avahi-daemon libexif12 libffi5 libgomp1 libgphoto2-port0 libgphoto2-2 libperl5.10 libsensors4 libsnmp15 libhpmud0 libieee1284-3 libnss-mdns libossp-uuid16 libpq5 libv4l-0 libsane libsane-hpaio libssh2-1 python-gobject dpkg --configure -a Setting up libpq5 (8.4.8-0squeeze2) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libpq5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libperl5.10 (5.10.1-17squeeze2) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libperl5.10 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libffi5 (3.0.9-3) ... Bus error dpkg: error processing libffi5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 135 Setting up libexif12 (0.6.19-1) ... .. continues Suggestions are really welcome I really don't know what to do. Michael.

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  • unmet dependencies in Ubuntu 12.04

    - by lee.O
    I tried today to install a dvb-card on my Ubuntu 12.04 (Linux blauhai-linux 3.2.0-25-generic #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 20:30:51 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux ). The installation failed with an error. After that, i tried to install python (it was already installed but i got this error): linux:~$ sudo apt-get install git Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done git is already the newest version. You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: python-glade2:i386 : Depends: python:i386 (< 2.5) but it is not going to be installed Depends: python-support:i386 (= 0.3.4) but it is not installable Depends: python:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libglade2-0:i386 (= 1:2.5.1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: python-gtk2:i386 (= 2.8.6-8) but it is not going to be installed python-numeric:i386 : Depends: python:i386 (< 2.5) but it is not going to be installed Depends: python:i386 (= 2.3) but it is not going to be installed Depends: python-central:i386 (= 0.5.7) but it is not installable E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution). well, i can read and tried the proposed command, but then i get this: linux:~$ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libopenal1:i386 libsdl-ttf2.0-0:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libgconf-2-4:i386 libsm-dev libatk1.0-0:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libstdc++5:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386 libxcomposite1:i386 libice-dev libgail18:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libao-common libv4l-0:i386 liblcms1:i386 libqt4-qt3support:i386 libroken18-heimdal:i386 libunistring0:i386 libcupsimage2:i386 libgphoto2-port0:i386 libidn11:i386 libnss3:i386 libcaca0:i386 gtk2-engines:i386 libgudev-1.0-0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libpthread-stubs0 libcairo-gobject2:i386 libavc1394-0:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libotr2 libaio1:i386 libsane:i386 odbcinst1debian2 odbcinst1debian2:i386 libqt4-test:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-designer:i386 libsdl-mixer1.2:i386 libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libcap2:i386 libproxy1:i386 ibus-gtk:i386 libdbus-glib-1-2:i386 libtdb1:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libspeex1:i386 libxslt1.1:i386 libgomp1:i386 libcapi20-3:i386 libibus-1.0-0:i386 libcairo2:i386 libgnutls26:i386 libopenal-data odbcinst libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libcanberra0:i386 libtasn1-3:i386 libfreetype6:i386 x11proto-kb-dev gtk2-engines-murrine:i386 libwavpack1:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libsoup-gnome2.4-1:i386 libv4lconvert0:i386 gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:i386 libc6-i386 lib32gcc1 libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 librsvg2-common:i386 libdatrie1:i386 xtrans-dev libavahi-common-data:i386 libiec61883-0:i386 lib32asound2 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 libsdl-image1.2:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 x11proto-input-dev libwind0-heimdal:i386 libpixman-1-0:i386 libsdl1.2debian:i386 libxaw7:i386 libgdbm3:i386 libcups2:i386 libcurl3:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libxinerama1:i386 libesd0:i386 libmikmod2:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 libxft2:i386 libxt-dev libcroco3:i386 libpulse-mainloop-glib0:i386 libice6:i386 libaa1:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libthai0:i386 libao4:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libxmu6:i386 libcanberra-gtk0:i386 libvorbisfile3:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 esound-common libxpm4:i386 libqt4-svg:i386 libusb-0.1-4:i386 libgail-common:i386 libxrender1:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libraw1394-11:i386 libnspr4:i386 libshout3:i386 libdv4:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 libxau-dev libqt4-xml:i386 gstreamer0.10-x:i386 libgettextpo0:i386 libxss1:i386 libgd2-xpm:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libtiff4:i386 libsdl-net1.2:i386 libjasper1:i386 libgnome-keyring0:i386 libxtst6:i386 gtk2-engines-pixbuf:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libtag1c2a:i386 librsvg2-2:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libssl0.9.8:i386 libmpg123-0:i386 libmad0:i386 libsasl2-2:i386 xorg-sgml-doctools libgsoap1 gtk2-engines-oxygen:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 xaw3dg:i386 libpango1.0-0:i386 libsm6:i386 libx11-dev libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libpulsedsp:i386 lib32stdc++6 libx11-doc libqt4-sql-mysql:i386 libxcb-render0:i386 libodbc1:i386 libexif12:i386 libqt4-scripttools:i386 librtmp0:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libxi6:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libxcb1-dev libxp6:i386 libaudio2:i386 libxcursor1:i386 libxcb-shm0:i386 libxt6:i386 libxv1:i386 libsasl2-modules:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libxrandr2:i386 x11proto-core-dev libsqlite3-0:i386 libmng1:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386 libxdmcp-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libltdl7:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 glib-networking:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libsoup2.4-1:i386 libgphoto2-2:i386 libtag1-vanilla:i386 libaudiofile1:i386 libglade2-0:i386 Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: default-jre default-jre-headless icedtea-6-jre-cacao icedtea-6-jre-jamvm icedtea-netx icedtea-netx-common libglade2-0:i386 libpython3.2 openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-lib python3 python3-minimal python3-uno python3.2 python3.2-minimal Suggested packages: icedtea-plugin sun-java6-fonts fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho ttf-telugu-fonts ttf-oriya-fonts ttf-kannada-fonts ttf-bengali-fonts python3-doc python3-tk python3.2-doc binfmt-support The following packages will be REMOVED: activity-log-manager-control-center aisleriot alacarte apparmor apport apport-gtk apt-xapian-index aptdaemon apturl apturl-common bluez bluez-alsa bluez-alsa:i386 bluez-gstreamer checkbox checkbox-qt command-not-found compiz compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-main-default compizconfig-backend-gconf deja-dup duplicity eog evolution-data-server firefox firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support foomatic-db-compressed-ppds gconf-editor gconf2 gdb gedit gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-ubuntuoneui-3.0 gksu gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-bluetooth gnome-contacts gnome-control-center gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-orca gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session-fallback gnome-shell gnome-sudoku gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes-standard gnome-tweak-tool gnome-user-share gstreamer0.10-gconf gwibber gwibber-service gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica gwibber-service-twitter hplip hplip-data ia32-libs ia32-libs-multiarch:i386 ibus ibus-pinyin ibus-table indicator-datetime indicator-power jockey-common jockey-gtk landscape-client-ui-install language-selector-common language-selector-gnome launchpad-integration libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcompizconfig0 libfolks-eds25 libgksu2-0 libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0 libgnome2-0 libgnome2-common libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-common libgweather-3-0 libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk2 libgwibber2 libmetacity-private0 libmutter0 libpeas-1.0-0 libpurple-bin libpython2.7 libreoffice-gnome librhythmbox-core5 libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libtotem0 libubuntuoneui-3.0-1 light-themes lsb-release metacity metacity-common mutter-common nautilus-dropbox nautilus-share network-manager-gnome nvidia-common nvidia-settings nvidia-settings-updates onboard oneconf openjdk-7-jdk openjdk-7-jre openprinting-ppds pidgin pidgin-libnotify pidgin-otr printer-driver-foo2zjs printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-pxljr printer-driver-sag-gdi printer-driver-splix python python-appindicator python-apport python-apt python-apt-common python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-aptdaemon.pkcompat python-brlapi python-cairo python-central python-chardet python-configglue python-crypto python-cups python-cupshelpers python-dateutil python-dbus python-debian python-debtagshw python-defer python-dirspec python-egenix-mxdatetime python-egenix-mxtools python-gconf python-gdbm python-gi python-gi-cairo python-glade2:i386 python-gmenu python-gnomekeyring python-gnupginterface python-gobject python-gobject-2 python-gpgme python-gst0.10 python-gtk2 python-httplib2 python-ibus python-imaging python-keyring python-launchpadlib python-lazr.restfulclient python-lazr.uri python-libproxy python-libxml2 python-louis python-mako python-markupsafe python-minimal python-notify python-numeric:i386 python-oauth python-openssl python-packagekit python-pam python-pexpect python-piston-mini-client python-pkg-resources python-problem-report python-protobuf python-pyatspi2 python-pycurl python-pyinotify python-renderpm python-reportlab python-reportlab-accel python-serial python-simplejson python-smbc python-software-properties python-speechd python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-twisted-names python-twisted-web python-ubuntu-sso-client python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-control-panel python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python-virtkey python-wadllib python-xapian python-xdg python-xkit python-zeitgeist python-zope.interface python2.7 python2.7-minimal rhythmbox rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins rhythmbox-ubuntuone screen-resolution-extra sessioninstaller skype software-center software-center-aptdaemon-plugins software-properties-common software-properties-gtk system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev texlive-extra-utils totem totem-mozilla totem-plugins ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-sso-client ubuntu-sso-client-gtk ubuntu-standard ubuntu-system-service ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-control-panel ubuntuone-couch ubuntuone-installer ufw unattended-upgrades unity unity-2d unity-common unity-lens-applications unity-lens-video unity-scope-musicstores unity-scope-video-remote update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier update-notifier-common usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk virtualbox virtualbox-dkms virtualbox-qt xdiagnose xul-ext-ubufox zeitgeist zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub The following NEW packages will be installed: default-jre default-jre-headless icedtea-6-jre-cacao icedtea-6-jre-jamvm icedtea-netx icedtea-netx-common libglade2-0:i386 libpython3.2 openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-lib python3 python3-minimal python3-uno python3.2 python3.2-minimal WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed. This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing! python-minimal python2.7-minimal (due to python-minimal) 0 upgraded, 16 newly installed, 273 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 2 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 39.1 MB of archives. After this operation, 324 MB disk space will be freed. You are about to do something potentially harmful. To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!' ?] Thats not good, is it?! Should i run this command or should i run another command to fix this problem? Would be great if somebody can help me. :) Thanks in advance. best regards

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  • WiX 3 Tutorial: Generating file/directory fragments with Heat.exe

    - by Mladen Prajdic
    In previous posts I’ve shown you our SuperForm test application solution structure and how the main wxs and wxi include file look like. In this post I’ll show you how to automate inclusion of files to install into your build process. For our SuperForm application we have a single exe to install. But in the real world we have 10s or 100s of different files from dll’s to resource files like pictures. It all depends on what kind of application you’re building. Writing a directory structure for so many files by hand is out of the question. What we need is an automated way to create this structure. Enter Heat.exe. Heat is a command line utility to harvest a file, directory, Visual Studio project, IIS website or performance counters. You might ask what harvesting means? Harvesting is converting a source (file, directory, …) into a component structure saved in a WiX fragment (a wxs) file. There are 2 options you can use: Create a static wxs fragment with Heat and include it in your project. The pro of this is that you can add or remove components by hand. The con is that you have to do the pro part by hand. Automation always beats manual labor. Run heat command line utility in a pre-build event of your WiX project. I prefer this way. By always recreating the whole fragment you don’t have to worry about missing any new files you add. The con of this is that you’ll include files that you otherwise might not want to. There is no perfect solution so pick one and deal with it. I prefer using the second way. A neat way of overcoming the con of the second option is to have a post-build event on your main application project (SuperForm.MainApp in our case) to copy the files needed to be installed in a special location and have the Heat.exe read them from there. I haven’t set this up for this tutorial and I’m simply including all files from the default SuperForm.MainApp \bin directory. Remember how we created a System Environment variable called SuperFormFilesDir? This is where we’ll use it for the first time. The command line text that you have to put into the pre-build event of your WiX project looks like this: "$(WIX)bin\heat.exe" dir "$(SuperFormFilesDir)" -cg SuperFormFiles -gg -scom -sreg -sfrag -srd -dr INSTALLLOCATION -var env.SuperFormFilesDir -out "$(ProjectDir)Fragments\FilesFragment.wxs" After you install WiX you’ll get the WIX environment variable. In the pre/post-build events environment variables are referenced like this: $(WIX). By using this you don’t have to think about the installation path of the WiX. Remember: for 32 bit applications Program files folder is named differently between 32 and 64 bit systems. $(ProjectDir) is obviously the path to your project and is a Visual Studio built in variable. You can view all Heat.exe options by running it without parameters but I’ll explain some that stick out the most. dir "$(SuperFormFilesDir)": tell Heat to harvest the whole directory at the set location. That is the location we’ve set in our System Environment variable. –cg SuperFormFiles: the name of the Component group that will be created. This name is included in out Feature tag as is seen in the previous post. -dr INSTALLLOCATION: the directory reference this fragment will fall under. You can see the top level directory structure in the previous post. -var env.SuperFormFilesDir: the name of the variable that will replace the SourceDir text that would otherwise appear in the fragment file. -out "$(ProjectDir)Fragments\FilesFragment.wxs": the full path and name under which the fragment file will be saved. If you have source control you have to include the FilesFragment.wxs into your project but remove its source control binding. The auto generated FilesFragment.wxs for our test app looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Wix xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/wi"> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="SuperFormFiles"> <ComponentRef Id="cmp5BB40DB822CAA7C5295227894A07502E" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmpCFD331F5E0E471FC42A1334A1098E144" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmp4614DD03D8974B7C1FC39E7B82F19574" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmpDF166522884E2454382277128BD866EC" /> </ComponentGroup> </Fragment> <Fragment> <DirectoryRef Id="INSTALLLOCATION"> <Component Id="cmp5BB40DB822CAA7C5295227894A07502E" Guid="{117E3352-2F0C-4E19-AD96-03D354751B8D}"> <File Id="filDCA561ABF8964292B6BC0D0726E8EFAD" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.exe" /> </Component> <Component Id="cmpCFD331F5E0E471FC42A1334A1098E144" Guid="{369A2347-97DD-45CA-A4D1-62BB706EA329}"> <File Id="filA9BE65B2AB60F3CE41105364EDE33D27" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.pdb" /> </Component> <Component Id="cmp4614DD03D8974B7C1FC39E7B82F19574" Guid="{3443EBE2-168F-4380-BC41-26D71A0DB1C7}"> <File Id="fil5102E75B91F3DAFA6F70DA57F4C126ED" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.vshost.exe" /> </Component> <Component Id="cmpDF166522884E2454382277128BD866EC" Guid="{0C0F3D18-56EB-41FE-B0BD-FD2C131572DB}"> <File Id="filF7CA5083B4997E1DEC435554423E675C" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.vshost.exe.manifest" /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment></Wix> The $(env.SuperFormFilesDir) will be replaced at build time with the directory where the files to be installed are located. There is nothing too complicated about this. In the end it turns out that this sort of automation is great! There are a few other ways that Heat.exe can compose the wxs file but this is the one I prefer. It just seems the clearest. Play with its options to see what can it do. It’s one awesome little tool.   WiX 3 tutorial by Mladen Prajdic navigation WiX 3 Tutorial: Solution/Project structure and Dev resources WiX 3 Tutorial: Understanding main wxs and wxi file WiX 3 Tutorial: Generating file/directory fragments with Heat.exe

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  • How To Activate Your Free Office 2007 to 2010 Tech Guarantee Upgrade

    - by Matthew Guay
    Have you purchased Office 2007 since March 5th, 2010?  If so, here’s how you can activate and download your free upgrade to Office 2010! Microsoft Office 2010 has just been released, and today you can purchase upgrades from most retail stores or directly from Microsoft via download.  But if you’ve purchased a new copy of Office 2007 or a new computer that came with Office 2007 since March 5th, 2010, then you’re entitled to an absolutely free upgrade to Office 2010.  You’ll need enter information about your Office 2007 and then download the upgrade, so we’ll step you through the process. Getting Started First, if you’ve recently purchased Office 2007 but haven’t installed it, you’ll need to go ahead and install it before you can get your free Office 2010 upgrade.  Install it as normal.   Once Office 2007 is installed, run any of the Office programs.  You’ll be prompted to activate Office.  Make sure you’re connected to the internet, and then click Next to activate. Get your Free Upgrade to Office 2010 Now you’re ready to download your upgrade to Office 2010.  Head to the Office Tech Guarantee site (link below), and click Upgrade now. You’ll need to enter some information about your Office 2007.  Check that you purchased your copy of Office 2007 after March 5th, select your computer manufacturer, and check that you agree to the terms. Now you’re going to need the Product ID number from Office 2007.  To find this, open Word or any other Office 2007 application.  Click the Office Orb, and select Options on the bottom. Select the Resources button on the left, and then click About. Near the bottom of this dialog, you’ll see your Product ID.  This should be a number like: 12345-123-1234567-12345   Go back to the Office Tech Guarantee signup page in your browser, and enter this Product ID.  Select the language of your edition of Office 2007, enter the verification code, and then click Submit. It may take a few moments to validate your Product ID. When it is finished, you’ll be taken to an order page that shows the edition of Office 2010 you’re eligible to receive.  The upgrade download is free, but if you’d like to purchase a backup DVD of Office 2010, you can add it to your order for $13.99.  Otherwise, simply click Continue to accept. Do note that the edition of Office 2010 you receive may be different that the edition of Office 2007 you purchased, as the number of editions has been streamlined in the Office 2010 release.  Here’s a chart you can check to see what edition you’ll receive.  Note that you’ll still be allowed to install Office on the same number of computers; for example, Office 2007 Home and Student allows you to install it on up to 3 computers in the same house, and your Office 2010 upgrade will allow the same. Office 2007 Edition Office 2010 Upgrade You’ll Receive Office 2007 Home and Student Office Home and Student 2010 Office Basic 2007Office Standard 2007 Office Home and Business 2010 Office Small Business 2007Office Professional 2007Office Ultimate 2007 Office Professional 2010 Office Professional 2007 AcademicOffice Ultimate 2007 Academic Office Professional Academic 2010 Sign in with your Windows Live ID, or create a new one if you don’t already have one. Enter your name, select your country, and click Create My Account.  Note that Office will send Office 2010 tips to your email address; if you don’t wish to receive them, you can unsubscribe from the emails later.   Finally, you’re ready to download Office 2010!  Click the Download Now link to start downloading Office 2010.  Your Product Key will appear directly above the Download link, so you can copy it and then paste it in the installer when your download is finished.  You will additionally receive an email with the download links and product key, so if your download fails you can always restart it from that link. If your edition of Office 2007 included the Office Business Contact Manager, you will be able to download it from the second Download link.  And, of course, even if you didn’t order a backup DVD, you can always burn the installers to a DVD for a backup.   Install Office 2010 Once you’re finished downloading Office 2010, run the installer to get it installed on your computer.  Enter your Product Key from the Tech Guarantee website as above, and click Continue. Accept the license agreement, and then click Upgrade to upgrade to the latest version of Office.   The installer will remove all of your Office 2007 applications, and then install their 2010 counterparts.  If you wish to keep some of your Office 2007 applications instead, click Customize and then select to either keep all previous versions or simply keep specific applications. By default, Office 2010 will try to activate online automatically.  If it doesn’t activate during the install, you’ll need to activate it when you first run any of the Office 2010 apps.   Conclusion The Tech Guarantee makes it easy to get the latest version of Office if you recently purchased Office 2007.  The Tech Guarantee program is open through the end of September, so make sure to grab your upgrade during this time.  Actually, if you find a great deal on Office 2007 from a major retailer between now and then, you could also take advantage of this program to get Office 2010 cheaper. And if you need help getting started with Office 2010, check out our articles that can help you get situated in your new version of Office! Link Activate and Download Your free Office 2010 Tech Guarantee Upgrade Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Remove Office 2010 Beta and Reinstall Office 2007Upgrade Office 2003 to 2010 on XP or Run them Side by SideCenter Pictures and Other Objects in Office 2007 & 2010Change the Default Color Scheme in Office 2010Show Two Time Zones in Your Outlook 2007 Calendar TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips HippoRemote Pro 2.2 Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Windows Media Player Plus! – Cool WMP Enhancer Get Your Team’s World Cup Schedule In Google Calendar Backup Drivers With Driver Magician TubeSort: YouTube Playlist Organizer XPS file format & XPS Viewer Explained Microsoft Office Web Apps Guide

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  • Create a Bootable Ubuntu 9.10 USB Flash Drive

    - by Trevor Bekolay
    The Ubuntu Live CD isn’t just useful for trying out Ubuntu before you install it, you can also use it to maintain and repair your Windows PC. Even if you have no intention of installing Linux, every Windows user should have a bootable Ubuntu USB drive on hand in case something goes wrong in Windows. Creating a bootable USB flash drive is surprisingly easy with a small self-contained application called UNetbootin. It will even download Ubuntu for you! Note: Ubuntu will take up approximately 700 MB on your flash drive, so choose a flash drive with at least 1 GB of free space, formatted as FAT32. This process should not remove any existing files on the flash drive, but to be safe you should backup the files on your flash drive. Put Ubuntu on your flash drive UNetbootin doesn’t require installation; just download the application and run it. Select Ubuntu from the Distribution drop-down box, then 9.10_Live from the Version drop-down box. If you have a 64-bit machine, then select 9.10_Live_x64 for the Version. At the bottom of the screen, select the drive letter that corresponds to the USB drive that you want to put Ubuntu on. If you select USB Drive in the Type drop-down box, the only drive letters available will be USB flash drives. Click OK and UNetbootin will start doing its thing. First it will download the Ubuntu Live CD. Then, it will copy the files from the Ubuntu Live CD to your flash drive. The amount of time it takes will vary depending on your Internet speed, an when it’s done, click on Exit. You’re not planning on installing Ubuntu right now, so there’s no need to reboot. If you look at the USB drive now, you should see a bunch of new files and folders. If you had files on the drive before, they should still be present. You’re now ready to boot your computer into Ubuntu 9.10! How to boot into Ubuntu When the time comes that you have to boot into Ubuntu, or if you just want to test and make sure that your flash drive works properly, you will have to set your computer to boot off of the flash drive. The steps to do this will vary depending on your BIOS – which varies depending on your motherboard. To get detailed instructions on changing how your computer boots, search for your motherboard’s manual (or your laptop’s manual for a laptop). For general instructions, which will suffice for 99% of you, read on. Find the important keyboard keys When your computer boots up, a bunch of words and numbers flash across the screen, usually to be ignored. This time, you need to scan the boot-up screen for a few key words with some associated keys: Boot menu and Setup. Typically, these will show up at the bottom of the screen. If your BIOS has a Boot Menu, then read on. Otherwise, skip to the Hard: Using Setup section. Easy: Using the Boot Menu If your BIOS offers a Boot Menu, then during the boot-up process, press the button associated with the Boot Menu. In our case, this is ESC. Our example Boot Menu doesn’t have the ability to boot from USB, but your Boot Menu should have some options, such as USB-CDROM, USB-HDD, USB-FLOPPY, and others. Try the options that start with USB until you find one that works. Don’t worry if it doesn’t work – you can just restart and try again. Using the Boot Menu does not change the normal boot order on your system, so the next time you start up your computer it will boot from the hard drive as normal. Hard: Using Setup If your BIOS doesn’t offer a Boot Menu, then you will have to change the boot order in Setup. Note: There are some options in BIOS Setup that can affect the stability of your machine. Take care to only change the boot order options. Press the button associated with Setup. In our case, this is F2. If your BIOS Setup has a Boot tab, then switch to it and change the order such that one of the USB options occurs first. There may be several USB options, such as USB-CDROM, USB-HDD, USB-FLOPPY, and others; try them out to see which one works for you. If your BIOS does not have a boot tab, boot order is commonly found in Advanced CMOS Options. Note that this changes the boot order permanently until you change it back. If you plan on only plugging in a bootable flash drive when you want to boot from it, then you could leave the boot order as it is, but you may find it easier to switch the order back to the previous order when you reboot from Ubuntu. Booting into Ubuntu If you set the right boot option, then you should be greeted with the UNetbootin screen. Press enter to start Ubuntu with the default options, or wait 10 seconds for this to happen automatically. Ubuntu will start loading. It should go straight to the desktop with no need for a username or password. And that’s it! From this live desktop session, you can try out Ubuntu, and even install software that is not included in the live CD. Installed software will only last for the duration of your session – the next time you start up the live CD it will be back to its original state. Download UNetbootin from sourceforge.net Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Create a Bootable Ubuntu USB Flash Drive the Easy WayReset Your Ubuntu Password Easily from the Live CDHow-To Geek on Lifehacker: Control Your Computer with Shortcuts & Speed Up Vista SetupHow To Setup a USB Flash Drive to Install Windows 7Speed up Your Windows Vista Computer with ReadyBoost TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 PCmover Professional New Stinger from McAfee Helps Remove ‘FakeAlert’ Threats Google Apps Marketplace: Tools & Services For Google Apps Users Get News Quick and Precise With Newser Scan for Viruses in Ubuntu using ClamAV Replace Your Windows Task Manager With System Explorer Create Talking Photos using Fotobabble

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  • HttpContext.Items and Server.Transfer/Execute

    - by Rick Strahl
    A few days ago my buddy Ben Jones pointed out that he ran into a bug in the ScriptContainer control in the West Wind Web and Ajax Toolkit. The problem was basically that when a Server.Transfer call was applied the script container (and also various ClientScriptProxy script embedding routines) would potentially fail to load up the specified scripts. It turns out the problem is due to the fact that the various components in the toolkit use request specific singletons via a Current property. I use a static Current property tied to a Context.Items[] entry to handle this type of operation which looks something like this: /// <summary> /// Current instance of this class which should always be used to /// access this object. There are no public constructors to /// ensure the reference is used as a Singleton to further /// ensure that all scripts are written to the same clientscript /// manager. /// </summary> public static ClientScriptProxy Current { get { if (HttpContext.Current == null) return new ClientScriptProxy(); ClientScriptProxy proxy = null; if (HttpContext.Current.Items.Contains(STR_CONTEXTID)) proxy = HttpContext.Current.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] as ClientScriptProxy; else { proxy = new ClientScriptProxy(); HttpContext.Current.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] = proxy; } return proxy; } } The proxy is attached to a Context.Items[] item which makes the instance Request specific. This works perfectly fine in most situations EXCEPT when you’re dealing with Server.Transfer/Execute requests. Server.Transfer doesn’t cause Context.Items to be cleared so both the current transferred request and the original request’s Context.Items collection apply. For the ClientScriptProxy this causes a problem because script references are tracked on a per request basis in Context.Items to check for script duplication. Once a script is rendered an ID is written into the Context collection and so considered ‘rendered’: // No dupes - ref script include only once if (HttpContext.Current.Items.Contains( STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER + fileId ) ) return; HttpContext.Current.Items.Add(STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER + fileId, string.Empty); where the fileId is the script name or unique identifier. The problem is on the Transferred page the item will already exist in Context and so fail to render because it thinks the script has already rendered based on the Context item. Bummer. The workaround for this is simple once you know what’s going on, but in this case it was a bitch to track down because the context items are used in many places throughout this class. The trick is to determine when a request is transferred and then removing the specific keys. The first issue is to determine if a script is in a Trransfer or Execute call: if (HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler != HttpContext.Current.Handler) Context.Handler is the original handler and CurrentHandler is the actual currently executing handler that is running when a Transfer/Execute is active. You can also use Context.PreviousHandler to get the last handler and chain through the whole list of handlers applied if Transfer calls are nested (dog help us all for the person debugging that). For the ClientScriptProxy the full logic to check for a transfer and remove the code looks like this: /// <summary> /// Clears all the request specific context items which are script references /// and the script placement index. /// </summary> public void ClearContextItemsOnTransfer() { if (HttpContext.Current != null) { // Check for Server.Transfer/Execute calls - we need to clear out Context.Items if (HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler != HttpContext.Current.Handler) { List<string> Keys = HttpContext.Current.Items.Keys.Cast<string>().Where(s => s.StartsWith(STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER) || s == STR_ScriptResourceIndex).ToList(); foreach (string key in Keys) { HttpContext.Current.Items.Remove(key); } } } } along with a small update to the Current property getter that sets a global flag to indicate whether the request was transferred: if (!proxy.IsTransferred && HttpContext.Current.Handler != HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler) { proxy.ClearContextItemsOnTransfer(); proxy.IsTransferred = true; } return proxy; I know this is pretty ugly, but it works and it’s actually minimal fuss without affecting the behavior of the rest of the class. Ben had a different solution that involved explicitly clearing out the Context items and replacing the collection with a manually maintained list of items which also works, but required changes through the code to make this work. In hindsight, it would have been better to use a single object that encapsulates all the ‘persisted’ values and store that object in Context instead of all these individual small morsels. Hindsight is always 20/20 though :-}. If possible use Page.Items ClientScriptProxy is a generic component that can be used from anywhere in ASP.NET, so there are various methods that are not Page specific on this component which is why I used Context.Items, rather than the Page.Items collection.Page.Items would be a better choice since it will sidestep the above Server.Transfer nightmares as the Page is reloaded completely and so any new Page gets a new Items collection. No fuss there. So for the ScriptContainer control, which has to live on the page the behavior is a little different. It is attached to Page.Items (since it’s a control): /// <summary> /// Returns a current instance of this control if an instance /// is already loaded on the page. Otherwise a new instance is /// created, added to the Form and returned. /// /// It's important this function is not called too early in the /// page cycle - it should not be called before Page.OnInit(). /// /// This property is the preferred way to get a reference to a /// ScriptContainer control that is either already on a page /// or needs to be created. Controls in particular should always /// use this property. /// </summary> public static ScriptContainer Current { get { // We need a context for this to work! if (HttpContext.Current == null) return null; Page page = HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler as Page; if (page == null) throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.ERROR_ScriptContainer_OnlyWorks_With_PageBasedHandlers); ScriptContainer ctl = null; // Retrieve the current instance ctl = page.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] as ScriptContainer; if (ctl != null) return ctl; ctl = new ScriptContainer(); page.Form.Controls.Add(ctl); return ctl; } } The biggest issue with this approach is that you have to explicitly retrieve the page in the static Current property. Notice again the use of CurrentHandler (rather than Handler which was my original implementation) to ensure you get the latest page including the one that Server.Transfer fired. Server.Transfer and Server.Execute are Evil All that said – this fix is probably for the 2 people who are crazy enough to rely on Server.Transfer/Execute. :-} There are so many weird behavior problems with these commands that I avoid them at all costs. I don’t think I have a single application that uses either of these commands… Related Resources Full source of ClientScriptProxy.cs (repository) Part of the West Wind Web Toolkit Static Singletons for ASP.NET Controls Post © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET  

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  • Introducing Oracle VM Server for SPARC

    - by Honglin Su
    As you are watching Oracle's Virtualization Strategy Webcast and exploring the great virtualization offerings of Oracle VM product line, I'd like to introduce Oracle VM Server for SPARC --  highly efficient, enterprise-class virtualization solution for Sun SPARC Enterprise Systems with Chip Multithreading (CMT) technology. Oracle VM Server for SPARC, previously called Sun Logical Domains, leverages the built-in SPARC hypervisor to subdivide supported platforms' resources (CPUs, memory, network, and storage) by creating partitions called logical (or virtual) domains. Each logical domain can run an independent operating system. Oracle VM Server for SPARC provides the flexibility to deploy multiple Oracle Solaris operating systems simultaneously on a single platform. Oracle VM Server also allows you to create up to 128 virtual servers on one system to take advantage of the massive thread scale offered by the CMT architecture. Oracle VM Server for SPARC integrates both the industry-leading CMT capability of the UltraSPARC T1, T2 and T2 Plus processors and the Oracle Solaris operating system. This combination helps to increase flexibility, isolate workload processing, and improve the potential for maximum server utilization. Oracle VM Server for SPARC delivers the following: Leading Price/Performance - The low-overhead architecture provides scalable performance under increasing workloads without additional license cost. This enables you to meet the most aggressive price/performance requirement Advanced RAS - Each logical domain is an entirely independent virtual machine with its own OS. It supports virtual disk mutipathing and failover as well as faster network failover with link-based IP multipathing (IPMP) support. Moreover, it's fully integrated with Solaris FMA (Fault Management Architecture), which enables predictive self healing. CPU Dynamic Resource Management (DRM) - Enable your resource management policy and domain workload to trigger the automatic addition and removal of CPUs. This ability helps you to better align with your IT and business priorities. Enhanced Domain Migrations - Perform domain migrations interactively and non-interactively to bring more flexibility to the management of your virtualized environment. Improve active domain migration performance by compressing memory transfers and taking advantage of cryptographic acceleration hardware. These methods provide faster migration for load balancing, power saving, and planned maintenance. Dynamic Crypto Control - Dynamically add and remove cryptographic units (aka MAU) to and from active domains. Also, migrate active domains that have cryptographic units. Physical-to-virtual (P2V) Conversion - Quickly convert an existing SPARC server running the Oracle Solaris 8, 9 or 10 OS into a virtualized Oracle Solaris 10 image. Use this image to facilitate OS migration into the virtualized environment. Virtual I/O Dynamic Reconfiguration (DR) - Add and remove virtual I/O services and devices without needing to reboot the system. CPU Power Management - Implement power saving by disabling each core on a Sun UltraSPARC T2 or T2 Plus processor that has all of its CPU threads idle. Advanced Network Configuration - Configure the following network features to obtain more flexible network configurations, higher performance, and scalability: Jumbo frames, VLANs, virtual switches for link aggregations, and network interface unit (NIU) hybrid I/O. Official Certification Based On Real-World Testing - Use Oracle VM Server for SPARC with the most sophisticated enterprise workloads under real-world conditions, including Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). Affordable, Full-Stack Enterprise Class Support - Obtain worldwide support from Oracle for the entire virtualization environment and workloads together. The support covers hardware, firmware, OS, virtualization, and the software stack. SPARC Server Virtualization Oracle offers a full portfolio of virtualization solutions to address your needs. SPARC is the leading platform to have the hard partitioning capability that provides the physical isolation needed to run independent operating systems. Many customers have already used Oracle Solaris Containers for application isolation. Oracle VM Server for SPARC provides another important feature with OS isolation. This gives you the flexibility to deploy multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single Sun SPARC T-Series server with finer granularity for computing resources.  For SPARC CMT processors, the natural level of granularity is an execution thread, not a time-sliced microsecond of execution resources. Each CPU thread can be treated as an independent virtual processor. The scheduler is naturally built into the CPU for lower overhead and higher performance. Your organizations can couple Oracle Solaris Containers and Oracle VM Server for SPARC with the breakthrough space and energy savings afforded by Sun SPARC Enterprise systems with CMT technology to deliver a more agile, responsive, and low-cost environment. Management with Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center The Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Virtualization Management Pack provides full lifecycle management of virtual guests, including Oracle VM Server for SPARC and Oracle Solaris Containers. It helps you streamline operations and reduce downtime. Together, the Virtualization Management Pack and the Ops Center Provisioning and Patch Automation Pack provide an end-to-end management solution for physical and virtual systems through a single web-based console. This solution automates the lifecycle management of physical and virtual systems and is the most effective systems management solution for Oracle's Sun infrastructure. Ease of Deployment with Configuration Assistant The Oracle VM Server for SPARC Configuration Assistant can help you easily create logical domains. After gathering the configuration data, the Configuration Assistant determines the best way to create a deployment to suit your requirements. The Configuration Assistant is available as both a graphical user interface (GUI) and terminal-based tool. Oracle Solaris Cluster HA Support The Oracle Solaris Cluster HA for Oracle VM Server for SPARC data service provides a mechanism for orderly startup and shutdown, fault monitoring and automatic failover of the Oracle VM Server guest domain service. In addition, applications that run on a logical domain, as well as its resources and dependencies can be controlled and managed independently. These are managed as if they were running in a classical Solaris Cluster hardware node. Supported Systems Oracle VM Server for SPARC is supported on all Sun SPARC Enterprise Systems with CMT technology. UltraSPARC T2 Plus Systems ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5140 Server ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5240 Server ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5440 Server ·   Sun Netra T5440 Server ·   Sun Blade T6340 Server Module ·   Sun Netra T6340 Server Module UltraSPARC T2 Systems ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120 Server ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5220 Server ·   Sun Netra T5220 Server ·   Sun Blade T6320 Server Module ·   Sun Netra CP3260 ATCA Blade Server Note that UltraSPARC T1 systems are supported on earlier versions of the software.Sun SPARC Enterprise Systems with CMT technology come with the right to use (RTU) of Oracle VM Server, and the software is pre-installed. If you have the systems under warranty or with support, you can download the software and system firmware as well as their updates. Oracle Premier Support for Systems provides fully-integrated support for your server hardware, firmware, OS, and virtualization software. Visit oracle.com/support for information about Oracle's support offerings for Sun systems. For more information about Oracle's virtualization offerings, visit oracle.com/virtualization.

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