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• trying to setup multiple primary partitions on ubuntu linux

  - by JohnMerlino

  I currently have ubuntu desktop installed on a harddrive. I want to partition the harddrive so that I can reserve 30 gigs for ubuntu server and 30 gigs for ubuntu desktop. The drive has 300 gigs available. Right now I am booting from dvd drive and installing ubuntu server. I selected "Guided partitioning" and created a 30 gig primary partition of Ext4 journaling filesystem, set "yes, format it" for format partition and set bootable flag to on. I intend to use this 30 gig partition to hold ubuntu server and allow me to boot from it. Now I have two other partitions. They are both set to "logical", one is currently using 285.8 gigs and is using ext4 (when I try to set bootable flag to true, it gives a warning "You are trying to set the bootable flag on a logical partition. The bootable flag is only useful on the primary partitions"). More alarming it says "No existing file system was detected in this partition". Actually, Im thinking that this is the parittion that is supposed to be holding my current Ubuntu Desktop. And of course I want this to be bootable and be a primary partition, so I could dual boot from this and the server partition. Now the third partition is also set to logical and it is being used as swap area. My question is regarding that second partition. Its supposed to be a primary partition thats holding my existing ubuntu desktop edition. How do I switch it to primary and to make sure that its pointing to my existing desktop installation?

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• Installation on SSD with Windows preinstalled

  - by ebbot

  I bought a laptop with this fancy SSD drive, fancy new UEFI aso. I figured at first Windows out Ubuntu in but after doing 3 DoA on 3 laptops in one day I realized that maybe keeping Windows could come in handy. So dual boot it is. And this is what I've got: Disk 1 - 500 Gb HD 300 Mb Windoze only says "Healthy" don't know what it's for. 600 Mb "Healthy (EFI partition)" 186.30 Gb NTFS "OS (C:)" "Healthy (Boot, Page File, Crash Dump, Primary Partition)" 258.45 Gb NTFS "Data (D:)" "Healthy" 20.00 Gb "Healthy (Recovery Partition)" Disk 2 - 24 Gb SSD 4.00 Gb "Healthy (OEM Partition)" 18.36 Gb "Healthy (Primary Partition)" So I'm not sure what the first partition on each drive does (the 300 Gb on the HD and the OEM Partition on the SSD. Nor do I know what Data (D:). I think the 2nd partition on the SSD is for some speedup of Windoze. I'm debating if I should shrink the OS (C:) drive to around 120 GB or so. Clear the Data (D:) and also use the whole SSD for Ubuntu. That would leave me 24 Gb for e.g. / on the SSD and some 320 Gb on the HD for /home and swap. Is this a reasonable setup? Do I need to configure fstab for the SSD differently to a HD?

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• Bikeshedding: Placeholders in strings

  - by dotancohen

  I find that I sometimes use placeholders in strings, like this: $ cat example-apache <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName ##DOMAIN_NAME## ServerAlias www.##DOMAIN_NAME## DocumentRoot /var/www/##DOMAIN_NAME##/public_html </VirtualHost> Now I am sure that it is a minor issue if the placeholder is ##DOMAIN_NAME##, !!DOMAIN_NAME!!, {{DOMAIN_NAME}}, or some other variant. However, I now need to standardize with other developers on a project, and we all have a vested interest in having our own placeholder format made standard in the organization. Are there any good reasons for choosing any of these, or others? I am trying to quantify these considerations: Aesthetics and usability. For example, __dict__ may be hard to read as we don't know how many underscores are in there. Compatibility. Will some language try to do something funny with {} syntax in a string (such as PHP does with "Welcome to {$siteName} today!")? Actually, I know that PHP and Python won't, but others? Will a C++ preprocessor choke on ## format? If I need to store the value in some SQL engine, will it not consider something a comment? Any other pitfalls to be wary of? Maintainability. Will the new guy mistake ##SOME_PLACEHOLDER## as a language construct? The unknown. Surely the wise folk here will think of other aspects of this decision that I have not thought of. I might be bikeshedding this, but if there are real issues that might be lurking then I would certainly like to know about them before mandating that our developers adhere to a potentially-problematic convention.

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• Not recognized as operating system on startup

  - by mastabruce

  I am new to Ubuntu and just decided to install it in (on my new lenovo thinkpad) in addition to my windows 7 operating system. Now, whenever I reboot the computer, it only runs window 7. I went (in windows) to Control Pannel ? System ? Advanced Settings ? Startup and Ubuntu is not even listed as a choice for operating system. I tried installing ubuntu again, but now it wants to partition the already partitioned windows folder. I can't figure out how to get Ubuntu, which seems to be installed, to run. I saw on another question here that I could be able to edit my mrb settings using EasyBCD but I can not figure out how to choose ubuntu as an operating system. My disk is already partitioned (seen from the attempted second install) so I'm pretty sure it is on the disk. Basically, how can I get ubuntu to run when I can't choose it as an operating system? Thank you for your help.

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• how do I fix 12.04 which has crashed after the latest update

  - by user70261

  I added a new drive to my system because the old one was full and stopped. I installed 12.04 at the same time, onto the new drive using a flash disk while off line. The system performs fine on 12.04 from the flash disk and it booted from the new drive OK and I was able to recover all my old data. The updater suggested that I update, so I went ahead and did so. At the end of which it wanted to reboot. I went ahead but on reboot I get to the log in prompt and then the whole system crashes. It tries to recover and then performs a bug report during which it tells me that a whole bunch of files are out of date (these would be the new ones I just updated!) and the screen goes black. Game over. I've tried to reboot several times ... same result. I can boot off the flash drive OK. How do I restore the system I had before the update, without over writing all my hard earned recovered data? Or how do I identify the "new updates" that are causing me grief?

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• Partitions mixing up

  - by anon

  I am trying to install ubuntu alongside my windows 7. The problem is that ubuntu is not detecting all of my partitions and basically clubs together many of them. The same thing is done by using GParted. However this problem does not arise while I am using Windows - 7. I cant paste the image of GParted since I dont have the required reputation... I think this could be due to stray GPT data but am not sure how to take care of it. Can someone help me figure this out ? The output of fdisk -l is as follows Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x20000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 2047 992+ 42 SFS /dev/sda2 * 2048 206847 102400 42 SFS /dev/sda3 206848 146802687 73297920 42 SFS /dev/sda4 146802688 625140399 239168856 42 SFS However actually I have 4 partitions along with 25 gb unallocated space that I had thought to use for Ubuntu installation.

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• Dual boot :Windows 7 partition deleted after Kubuntu 14.04 install...Weird!

  - by user292152

  I've bought two new SSD's in order to install Kubuntu on one and Win 7 on the other one. Before I had Linux Mint and Win7 together one just one SSD. So first I installed win7 as recommended, and then used the guided installer of Kubuntu to install Kubuntu. I selected the second SSD, chose the option "use entire disk and install", but to my surprise after rebooting and selecting win7 boot loader from grub2, I got a prompt that my windows installation is damaged, and I need to run the repair option from the installation disk. So I booted into Kubuntu again, fired up kparted and saw that indeed my windows partition got deleted, except the recovery partition. I don't understand what happened. I am not new to this topic, and this was not my first time installing Ubuntu alongside windows. I have never ever had that problem. What can I do to make sure this won't happen again, so I won't waste another 2 hours of my life? ?? Thanks a lot !

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• Placeholders in strings

  - by dotancohen

  I find that I sometimes use placeholders in strings, like this: $ cat example-apache <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName ##DOMAIN_NAME## ServerAlias www.##DOMAIN_NAME## DocumentRoot /var/www/##DOMAIN_NAME##/public_html </VirtualHost> Now I am sure that it is a minor issue if the placeholder is ##DOMAIN_NAME##, !!DOMAIN_NAME!!, {{DOMAIN_NAME}}, or some other variant. However, I now need to standardize with other developers on a project, and we all have a vested interest in having our own placeholder format made standard in the organization. Are there any good reasons for choosing any of these, or others? I am trying to quantify these considerations: Aesthetics and usability. For example, __dict__ may be hard to read as we don't know how many underscores are in there. Compatibility. Will some language try to do something funny with {} syntax in a string (such as PHP does with "Welcome to {$siteName} today!")? Actually, I know that PHP and Python won't, but others? Will a C++ preprocessor choke on ## format? If I need to store the value in some SQL engine, will it not consider something a comment? Any other pitfalls to be wary of? Maintainability. Will the new guy mistake ##SOME_PLACEHOLDER## as a language construct? The unknown. Surely the wise folk here will think of other aspects of this decision that I have not thought of. I might be bikeshedding this, but if there are real issues that might be lurking then I would certainly like to know about them before mandating that our developers adhere to a potentially-problematic convention.

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• How to dual boot Ubuntu 12.10 and Windows XP sp3 on Dell Dimension 8250 desktop using 2 hard drives

  - by user106055

  I'd like instructions to dual boot Ubuntu 12.10 and Windows XP (sp3) on my desktop Dell Dimension 8250 (this is old and has 1.5 GB RAM which is maximum). I will be using 2 hard drives. Windows XP is already on a 120 GB drive and and Ubuntu 12.10 will go on a separate 80 GB hard drive. Both drives are IDE using a 80 conductor cable where the 40 pin blue connector connects to the motherboard. The middle connector is gray and is "normally" used for slave (device 1) and the black connector at the very end of the cable is meant for the master drive (device 0) or a single drive if only one is used. First, I do not wish the XP drive to have its boot modified by Ubuntu in any way. It should remain untouched...virgin. Let me know where the XP drive and the Ubuntu drive should be connected based upon the cable I've mentioned above, as well as jumper settings for both during the whole process. I'm just guessing, but should I remove the XP drive and put the empty Ubuntu drive in its place and install Ubuntu? By the way, I already have made the DVD ISO disk. For your information, the BIOS for this machine is version A03. When I tap F12 to get to the boot menu, I have the following choices: Normal (this will take me to a black screen with white type giving me the choice to boot to XP or to my external USB backup recovery drive) Diskette Drive Hard-Disk Drive c: IDE CD-ROM Drive (Note that if the CD Drive is empty, it will then go to the DVD drive) System Setup IDE Drive Diagnostics Boot to Utility Partition (This is Dell's various testing utilities) Thank you in advance for your help. Guy

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• How to repair ubuntu or restore my windows 7 installation? Nothing helps

  - by AFRIKA

  i had windows 7 installed and I installed ubuntu alongside it. Booted ubuntu and explore it for a while. Turned pc off and went to bed. Next morning wanted to boot into windows but no luck... MBR error... Tried to repair windows using installation disk but it doesn't recognize win installation. Tried console bootrec /fixmbr bootrec /fixboot but still same. So I went back to ubuntu and tried with boot-repair, but got a write error. Restarted pc and now I cannot boot to either ubuntu or windows... Tried to recover NTFS partition with hiren's boot but it cannot find partition. Tried every solution there is on the web but no help... Is there any way to fix it because windows installation is very important to me?! btw, i noticed that grub indicates windows 7 to a sdb2 partition that doesn't exists... And when I RUN ubuntu from CD and browse disk, I dont see any files from windows 7. Is that normal or? http://paste.ubuntu.com/6338340/ PLEASE HELP...

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• Help trying/downloading ubuntu

  - by koolomwee

  I can't try ubuntu. Every time i put in my disk and press try, it shows the ubuntu sign with the dots under it than it shows a command screen basically blinking saying that it closed and canceled applications belonging to ubuntu... Than I tried to download it from the disk... same thing. Than, because I have windows, I tried to download it from the website and it worked. I rebooted my computer and went into the Ubuntu option just to find a blinking command screen again... How do I get ubuntu to work? What does happen (with the command screen) is that it shows commands that are blinking to fast for me to read the whole thing, and then it stops after like a minute or two of blinking. The only thing I do get to read is that Ubuntu commanded some applications to shut down. In the CD one it only has like 5 error messages, and when I reboot and select Ubuntu, there are over a hundred error messages. With the live-cd I have to shut down my computer to use it again. With the reboot and clicking ubuntu option it reboots by itself. I expect it to actually start up with no error messages. UPDATE I've been trying to start Ubuntu for the last couple of days, and I noticed on my last try that it said "SIGNAL 15 RECEIVED"... It also said that it's stopping Bluetooth and all other programs, and that its rebooting Maybe that'll help a little with answering my question... thanks :) this also might help: computer brand/model: HP Windows 7 Home Premium Service Pack 1, HPE240f graphics card: ATI Radeon HD 5570 I also wrote the same question here: https://answers.launchpad.net/wubi/+question/194537 might help a little more with information

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• Unable to mount location ubuntu 12.10

  - by Rajesh

  I'm new to Ubuntu. I installed Ubuntu 12.10 replacing windows. Now I'm getting Unable to mount location error while opening the drive. $ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=5fa63194-c19e-4117-95c6-679eb6453d3b / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=70f1ec8d-aa45-4de7-a206-747dccd2472b none swap sw 0 0 $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001f10f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 970561535 485279744 83 Linux /dev/sda2 970563582 976771071 3103745 5 Extended /dev/sda5 970563584 976771071 3103744 82 Linux swap / Solaris

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• SDL beginner: create Rectangle surface filled with color

  - by user3689

  im learning SDL , i like to create Rectangle surface with color that is not image . here is my code that compiles fine but dosnt work : im passing the function this params: SDL_Surface* m_screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT,SCREEN_BPP,SDL_SWSURFACE); SDL_FillRect(m_screen,&m_screen->clip_rect,SDL_MapRGB(m_screen->format,0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)); ... Button button(m_screen,0,0,50,50,255,0,0) ... ... Button::Button(SDL_Surface* screen,int x,int y,int w,int h,int R, int G, int B) { SDL_Rect box; SDL_Surface * ButtonSurface; ButtonSurface = NULL ; Uint32 rmask, gmask, bmask, amask; #if SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN rmask = 0xff000000; gmask = 0x00ff0000; bmask = 0x0000ff00; amask = 0x000000ff; #else rmask = 0x000000ff; gmask = 0x0000ff00; bmask = 0x00ff0000; amask = 0xff000000; #endif box.x = x; box.y = y; box.w = w; box.h = h; ButtonSurface = SDL_CreateRGBSurface(SDL_SWSURFACE, box.w,box.h, 32, rmask, gmask, bmask, amask); if(ButtonSurface == NULL) { LOG_MSG("Button::Button Button failed"); } SDL_FillRect(screen,&box,SDL_MapRGB ( ButtonSurface->format, R, G, B )); //ut.ApplySurface(0,0,ButtonSurface,screen); SDL_BlitSurface(ButtonSurface,NULL,screen,&box); } what im doing here wrong ?

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• Cannot find GRUB - Ubuntu/Windows 8 dual-boot

  - by ubeatlenine

  Hello Ubuntu community, I find myself in an interesting situation. I have a Dell Inspiron 531 with Windows Vista. Recently my brother decided it would be a good idea to overwrite Vista with the Windows 8 consumer preview. Since we have had this PC for a very long time, we have long since lost the Vista CD, and according to the Windows 8 preview website you cannot recover your previous OS without it. I thought this would be a good opportunity to try out Ubuntu (since we obviously cannot keep the preview as an OS), but it appears that Ubuntu 11.10 Desktop is not compatible with Win8. Ubuntu doesn't run from the LiveUSB I made, instead it freezes on the loading screen and then disintegrates into black and white stripes. I blamed this failure on Ubuntu not being compatible with win8 yet and tried to install Ubuntu from the USB on a partition made from the remaining space on my hard drive - about 100GB. However the installer crashed while loading modules and told me I didn't have enough disk space. Since then, I have not been able to load either Ubuntu or Windows, BIOS is shifted over to the left of my screen, and I always get the same message: error: unknown filesystem grub rescue> typing "ls" at the prompt gives me the following: (hd0) (hd0,msdos7) (hd0,msdos6) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) does this mean I have multiple partitions running windows on my computer? Is it possible to recover Vista without the disk? Are all of my problems stemming from Ubuntu not being compatible with Win8 preview? (I realize the majority of my questions are about Windows, but seeing as the prompt I get is for grub I thought I would ask here first.) Any insight anyone has on this predicament would be greatly appreciated.

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• Configuring network to set wlan0 as primary

  - by Sheed

  I recently had to rebuild my pc and decided to go for ubuntu 14.04. I think the mistake I made was I started from a 12.04 install disk instead of the 12.10 disk I'd used previously and when given the option set my primary connection as ethernet (because the wireless option didn't work). After upgrading to 14.04 etc, I managed to get the wireless working, or more using steps like ifconfig -a and the likes I managed to prove that the wireless card etc. is all installed and working. However every time I boot without a hard wired connection plugged in I get the message "waiting for network configuration". I can then once it's booted without a network get my wirless working using sudo ifconfig wlan0 up iwlist wlan0 scan This seems to kick the wireless module into life and it appears in the GUI and I can then select a network, however all the options like edit network and disconnect etc are all greyed out. What I would like of course is if the WLAN0 was just set as my primary default network so I've been looking for a solution to this and it would seem that I need to adjust the old /etc/network/interfaces file but when I try to do so using the sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces command I, well I simply have no idea what I'm doing. Other than that typing :q! gets me out of there before I do to much damage! As far as I can tell (by navigating to the file in the GUI) the output of my /etc/network/interfaces is as follows: (obviously not including the " in each line that's just to break the heading rule of the #) "# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system "# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). "# The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback "# The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp If this is the case then this clearly doesn't contain what it should do but I don't how to fix it. Nor do I even know if I'm on the right track. Any help would be appreciated thanks :)

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• How can I create a rectangular SDL surface filled with a particular color?

  - by user3689

  I'm learning SDL. I'd like to create rectangular surface filled with a flat color (not an image). Below is my code -- it compiles fine, but doesn't work. I'm passing the function these parameters: SDL_Surface* m_screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_BPP, SDL_SWSURFACE ); SDL_FillRect( m_screen, &m_screen->clip_rect, SDL_MapRGB(m_screen->format,0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF) ); ... Button button(m_screen,0,0,50,50,255,0,0) ... ... Button::Button(SDL_Surface* screen,int x,int y,int w,int h,int R, int G, int B) { SDL_Rect box; SDL_Surface * ButtonSurface; ButtonSurface = NULL ; Uint32 rmask, gmask, bmask, amask; #if SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN rmask = 0xff000000; gmask = 0x00ff0000; bmask = 0x0000ff00; amask = 0x000000ff; #else rmask = 0x000000ff; gmask = 0x0000ff00; bmask = 0x00ff0000; amask = 0xff000000; #endif box.x = x; box.y = y; box.w = w; box.h = h; ButtonSurface = SDL_CreateRGBSurface(SDL_SWSURFACE, box.w,box.h, 32, rmask, gmask, bmask, amask); if(ButtonSurface == NULL) { LOG_MSG("Button::Button Button failed"); } SDL_FillRect(screen,&box,SDL_MapRGB ( ButtonSurface->format, R, G, B )); //ut.ApplySurface(0,0,ButtonSurface,screen); SDL_BlitSurface(ButtonSurface,NULL,screen,&box); } What am I doing wrong here?

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• Problem installing Ubuntu 14.04 into a laptop using Windows 8.1

  - by AlexanderFreud

  I have used Ubuntu on my LG laptop for several years. I lately bought an Acer Aspire V5 laptop which included Windows 8.1. I don't have any data on it; I would like to just remove it completely (that horrible Windows 8.1) and install Ubuntu. I tried using a USB device with Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit version) saved on it. I changed the BIOS configuration, putting USB device first on boot order, Windows Boot Manager last. When I try to run with USB device it doesn't work. Messages like these show up: System doesn't have any USB boot option. Please select other boot option in Boot Manager Menu. Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem: 1. insert your windows installation disc and restart your computer 2. choose your language settings, and then click "next" 3. click "repair your computer" If you do not have this disk, contact your system administrator manufacturer for assistance File \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr Status: 0xc000007b Info: the application or operating system couldn't be load...[?] required file is missing or contains errors. Could someone please write step-by-step procedures to install Ubuntu 14.04 after removing Windows 8.1 ? I already have done a second partition on the hard disk just in case.

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• Upgraded from ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10 issues

  - by ubuntu novice user

  I recently upgraded 12.04 to 12.10 ubuntu and then all hell broke loose. Being more specific, I have a Compaq machine and its hard disk is partitioned into 3 parts, so when I installed Ubuntu 10.04, I installed it in windows, since then have upgraded with each new ubuntu release via the update manager without any problems. I have installed the 64 bit versions. 12.10 downloaded via update manager, and initial downloading of packages was without problems, however, as it tried to install the packages, error messages appeared. The first was one about missing lib files, but I clicked to continue, since I am a relative novice on ubuntu. It continued, and during the restart process, when it was powering down, the computer hanged on the shutting down bit without rebooting for more than half an hour, so I manually shut down the machine and restarted it. Then a new error message appeared stating could not find disk, and I hit the manual fix option, and it now boots to an empty ubuntu desktop with my wallpaper but no launcher and the graphics appears as if this was put on a 640 x 480 resolution, and the screen no longer fits onto my 19" LCD. I had to use Ctrl-Alt-T to log out and then restart from there. How can I resolve this issue. Please help!

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• Why does Ubuntu 12.10 Beta2 insist on commiting changes to the partition table?

  - by Uten

  Why does Ubuntu 12.10 Beta2 insist on commiting changes to the partition table even as no real changes has been done? This is a show stopper for me as I'm installing without a CD/DVD ROM. This is how I go about it. I downloaded the iso image and extracted vmlinuz and initrd.lz to the same folder I keep the iso image. Configured grub (0.9x) to boot /ubuntu/vmlinuz with the iso image like this: title ubuntu live-cd kernel /ubuntu/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu/ubuntu-12.10-beta2-desktop-i386.iso ro quiet splash initrd /ubuntu/initrd.lz boot This works well and I get a running livecd session. The iso image is mounted on /isomedia (or something similar). The spare HD space where I want to install Ubuntu is in the logical area (at the wery end of the disk). I have tried both to use the space as empty and preformated with ext4. After selecting the partition and selecting "use as ext4" and selecting a mountpoint (/) I get the message: "The installer needs to commit changes to partition tables, but cannot do so because partitions on the following mount points could not be unmounted" "/isomedia" (or something similar). Is this a "feature" of the installer? To insist that everything is unmounted even if no changes is nescesary (as fare as I understand). It's probably a safety feature but is it needed? I have cahnged layouts with parted and gparted (at the end of the disk) for years without any failures. I understand that booting the iso image like this is not the common way. But it is just such a beautifull way of doing it when you hav a running system and want to play with another. Any one had any success installing Ubuntu (12.10 beta2 ) like this? Best regards Uten

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• How do OSes work on multiple CPUs? [on hold]

  - by user3691093

  Assumption: "OS es (atleast in some part) should be written in assembly.Assembly programs are CPU specefic." If so how can one os run on different CPUs ? For example: how is that I can load Ubuntu on different systems having different CPUs (like intel i3,i5,i7, amd a8,a6,etc) from the same bootable disk? Does the disk contain seporate assembly programs for each CPU? Are these CPUs 'similar' enough to run the same assembly program? Is my assumption wrong? Something else.... Thanks for responding. I tried to find out in what way are the CPUs that I mentioned 'similar'. I came across the concepts of Instruction Set Architecture and Microarchitecture of CPUs.A CPU will understand a program if it is combatible with its ISA. Even if CPUs are 'wired up' differently (different microarchitecture) , as long as the ISA implemented on top is same ,the program will work. ARM and x86 have different ISA ( that why there are 2 windows 8 versions, right?). And if an app program is written in an HLL with compilers for both platforms we will saved from wasting time writing 2 programs. Did I understand anything wrong? Are there programs that can take a compiled program as input and produce a program executable on another CPU as output? Is it possible? (Virtualisation?) 32 bit windows programs do install on 64 bit windows ,dont they? Arent 64 bit CPUs 'differerent' from 32 bit CPUs? They do get seporate OS versions, right? Is this backward combatibility achieved using programes mentioned in (3) ?

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• ?12c????RAC Cluster Hub Node-Leaf Node

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  ?12c?cluster?????????????,?????????????flex cluster?flux asm?? ??Hub Node?Leaf Node,?????Hub Node?Leaf Node. Hub Node????: A node in and Oracle Flex Cluster that is tightly connected with other servers and has direct access to a shared disk. Leaf Node????: Servers that are loosely coupled with Hub Nodes, which may not have direct access to the shared storage. ?????????? Leaf Node??????shared storage ,????leaf node??share disk?? ??Hub Node?12c?????cluster node???, ?Leaf Node????? Leaf Node???: ? Hub Node?? ?????cluster?? ????????Hub Node ????Hub Node????? Hub Node????????????Leaf Node??? ??????????? ?Hub Node????? ??Leaf Node??Flex Cluster???????: hub-and-spoke???cluster?????????? ????Hub Node????OCR?Votedisk ????HUB node???,???????clusterware?????,??ocr?Votedisk ? ?????????????? ??????????,???????? ????????,12???Flex cluster??12?????, ???????? [ n * (n-1)]/2?66?????? ???1000?????,?????????????40?Hub Node,???Hub Node??24?Leaf Node,?Flex Cluster???1740??????  ????,??Cluster??499500?????? ?Flex Cluster??????????????,??cluster software????? ??Hub Node ?? ????????? , ??????????relocate???Hub Node ?Hub Node???Leaf Node??????,????????relocate???Leaf Node? ??Leaf Node?? ?????????,????????relocate????Leaf Node?

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• Trouble determining proper decoding of a REST response from an ArcGIS REST service using IHttpModule

  - by Ryan Taylor

  First a little background on what I am trying to achieve. I have an application that is utilizing REST services served by ArcGIS Server and IIS7. The REST services return data in one of several different formats. I am requesting a JSON response. I want to be able to modify the response (remove or add parameters) before the response is sent to the client. However, I am having difficulty converting the stream to a string that I can modify. To that end, I have implemented the following code in order to try to inspect the stream. SecureModule.cs using System; using System.Web; namespace SecureModuleTest { public class SecureModule : IHttpModule { public void Init(HttpApplication context) { context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(OnBeginRequest); } public void Dispose() { } public void OnBeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication) sender; HttpContext context = application.Context; HttpRequest request = context.Request; HttpResponse response = context.Response; response.Filter = new ServicesFilter(response.Filter); } } } ServicesFilter.cs using System; using System.IO; using System.Text; namespace SecureModuleTest { class ServicesFilter : MemoryStream { private readonly Stream _outputStream; private StringBuilder _content; public ServicesFilter(Stream output) { _outputStream = output; _content = new StringBuilder(); } public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { _content.Append(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, offset, count)); using (TextWriter textWriter = new StreamWriter(@"C:\temp\content.txt", true)) { textWriter.WriteLine(String.Format("Buffer: {0}", _content.ToString())); textWriter.WriteLine(String.Format("Length: {0}", buffer.Length)); textWriter.WriteLine(String.Format("Offset: {0}", offset)); textWriter.WriteLine(String.Format("Count: {0}", count)); textWriter.WriteLine(""); textWriter.Close(); } // Modify response _outputStream.Write(buffer, offset, count); } } } The module is installed in the /ArcGIS/rest/ virtual directory and is executed via the following GET request. http://localhost/ArcGIS/rest/services/?f=json&pretty=true The web page displays the expected response, however, the text file tells a very different (encoded?) story. Expect Response {"currentVersion" : "10.0", "folders" : [], "services" : [ ] } Text File Contents Buffer: ? ?`I?%&/m?{J?J??t??`$?@??????iG#)?*??eVe]f@????{???{???;?N'????\fdl??J??!????~|?"~?G?u]???'?)??G?????G??7N????W??{?????,??|?OR????q? Length: 4096 Offset: 0 Count: 168 Buffer: ? ?`I?%&/m?{J?J??t??`$?@??????iG#)?*??eVe]f@????{???{???;?N'????\fdl??J??!????~|?"~?G?u]???'?)??G?????G??7N????W??{?????,??|?OR????q?K???!P Length: 4096 Offset: 0 Count: 11 Interestingly, Fiddler depicts a similar picture. Fiddler Request GET http://localhost/ArcGIS/rest/services/?f=json&pretty=true HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.375.70 Safari/533.4 Referer: http://localhost/ArcGIS/rest/services Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: a=mWz_JFOusuGPnS3w5xx1BSUuyKGB3YZo92Dy2SUntP2MFWa8MaVq6a4I_IYBLKuefXDZANQMeqvxdGBgQoqTKz__V5EQLHwxmKlUNsaK7do. Fiddler Response - Before Clicking Decode HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain;charset=utf-8 Content-Encoding: gzip ETag: 719143506 Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2010 01:08:43 GMT Content-Length: 179 ????????`I?%&/m?{J?J??t??`$?@??????iG#)?*??eVe]f@????{???{???;?N'????\fdl??J??!????~|?"~?G?u]???'?)??G?????G??7N????W??{?????,??|?OR????q?K???! P??? Fiddler Response - After Clicking Decode HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain;charset=utf-8 ETag: 719143506 Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2010 01:08:43 GMT Content-Length: 80 {"currentVersion" : "10.0", "folders" : [], "services" : [ ] } I think that the problem may be a result of compression and/or chunking of data (this might be why I am receiving two calls to ServicesFilter.Write(...), however, I have not yet been able to solve the issue. How might I decode, unzip, and otherwise convert the byte stream into the string I know it should be for modification by my filter?

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• Looking for feedback on a first SAML implementation.

  - by morgancodes

  Hello, I've been tasked with designing a very simple SSO (single sign-on) process. My employer has specified that it should be implimented in SAML. I'd like to create messages that are absolutely as simple as possible while confirming to the SAML spec. I'd be really grateful if some of you would look at my request and response messages and tell me if they make sense for my purpose, if they include anything that doesn't need to be there, and if they are missing anything that does need to be there. Addionally, I'd like to know where in the response I should put additional information about the subject; in particular, the subject's email address. The interaction needs to work as follows: 1) User requests service from service provider at this point, the service provider knows nothing about the user. 2) Service provider requests authentication for user from identity provider 3) User is authenticated/registered by identity provider 4) Identity provider responds to Service provider with authentication success message, PLUS user's email address. Here's what I think the request should be: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <samlp:AuthnRequest xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol" ID="abc" IssueInstant="1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z" Version="2.0" AssertionConsumerServiceURL="http://www.IdentityProvider.com/loginPage"> <saml:Issuer xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion"> http://www.serviceprovider.com </saml:Issuer> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameID Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:transient">3f7b3dcf-1674-4ecd-92c8-1544f346baf8</saml:NameID> </saml:Subject> Here's what I think the response should be: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <samlp:Response xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol" Destination="http://www.serviceprovider.com/desitnationURL" ID="123" IssueInstant="2008-11-21T17:13:42.872Z" Version="2.0"> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" Version="2.0"> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameID Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:transient">3f7b3dcf-1674-4ecd-92c8-1544f346baf8</saml:NameID> <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:profiles:SSO:browser"> <saml:SubjectConfirmationData InResponseTo="abc"/> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2008-11-21T17:13:42.899Z"> <saml:AuthnContext> <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport</saml:AuthnContextClassRef> </saml:AuthnContext> </saml:AuthnStatement> </saml:Assertion> </samlp:Response> So, again, my questions are: 1) Is this a valid SAML interaction? 2) Can either the request or response xml be simplified? 3) Where in the response should I put the subject's email address? I really apprecaite your help. Thanks so much! -Morgan

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• Tapestry / JDBC - Storing Date

  - by Ben

  So Im using Tapestry and trying to store a date from a beaneditform into a simple Access database. It wont work, Im getting Null pointer exceptions and I cannot understand why. String onSuccess() { System.out.println("in on success!"); String nextPage = null; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:FYP_Users"); DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy"); Date ed = occasion.getEventDate(); String reportDate = df.format(ed); statement.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO Events (UserName, EventName, EventDate, EventTime, EventDetails, People, Rating) " + "VALUES ('" + login.getUserName() + "', '" + occasion.getEventName()+ "', '" + reportDate + "', '" + occasion.getEventTime() + "', '" + occasion.getEventDetails() + "', '" + occasion.getPeople() + "', '"+ "1" +"')"); connection.close(); occasion = new Occasion(); //occasion.setUserName(occasion.getUserName()); occasion.setEventName(occasion.getEventName()); occasion.setEventDate(occasion.getEventDate()); occasion.setEventTime(occasion.getEventTime()); occasion.setEventDetails(occasion.getEventDetails()); occasion.setPeople(occasion.getPeople()); //occasion.setRating(occasion.getRating()); nextPage = "UserIndex"; } catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} return nextPage; } Stack trace java.util.Calendar.setTime(Unknown Source) java.text.SimpleDateFormat.format(Unknown Source) java.text.SimpleDateFormat.format(Unknown Source) java.text.DateFormat.format(Unknown Source) myappj.pages.CreateOccasion.onSuccess(CreateOccasion.java:61) myappj.pages.CreateOccasion.dispatchComponentEvent(CreateOccasion.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.structure.ComponentPageElementImpl.dispatchEvent(ComponentPageElementImpl.java:902) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.structure.ComponentPageElementImpl.triggerContextEvent(ComponentPageElementImpl.java:1081) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.structure.InternalComponentResourcesImpl.triggerContextEvent(InternalComponentResourcesImpl.java:263) org.apache.tapestry5.corelib.components.Form._$advised$onAction(Form.java:398) org.apache.tapestry5.corelib.components.Form$onAction$invocation_128ef468876.invokeAdvisedMethod(Form$onAction$invocation_128ef468876.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.AbstractComponentMethodInvocation.proceed(AbstractComponentMethodInvocation.java:71) org.apache.tapestry5.ioc.internal.services.LoggingAdvice.advise(LoggingAdvice.java:37) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.transform.LogWorker$1.advise(LogWorker.java:54) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.AbstractComponentMethodInvocation.proceed(AbstractComponentMethodInvocation.java:80) org.apache.tapestry5.corelib.components.Form.onAction(Form.java) org.apache.tapestry5.corelib.components.Form.dispatchComponentEvent(Form.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.structure.ComponentPageElementImpl.dispatchEvent(ComponentPageElementImpl.java:910) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.structure.ComponentPageElementImpl.triggerContextEvent(ComponentPageElementImpl.java:1081) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.ComponentEventRequestHandlerImpl.handle(ComponentEventRequestHandlerImpl.java:75) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.ImmediateActionRenderResponseFilter.handle(ImmediateActionRenderResponseFilter.java:42) $ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bf4a.handle($ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bf4a.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.AjaxFilter.handle(AjaxFilter.java:42) $ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bf4a.handle($ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bf4a.java) org.apache.tapestry5.services.TapestryModule$36.handle(TapestryModule.java:2164) $ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bf4a.handle($ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bf4a.java) $ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bea5.handle($ComponentEventRequestHandler_128ef45bea5.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.ComponentRequestHandlerTerminator.handleComponentEvent(ComponentRequestHandlerTerminator.java:43) $ComponentRequestHandler_128ef45be99.handleComponentEvent($ComponentRequestHandler_128ef45be99.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.ComponentEventDispatcher.dispatch(ComponentEventDispatcher.java:46) $Dispatcher_128ef45be9b.dispatch($Dispatcher_128ef45be9b.java) $Dispatcher_128ef45be92.dispatch($Dispatcher_128ef45be92.java) org.apache.tapestry5.services.TapestryModule$RequestHandlerTerminator.service(TapestryModule.java:245) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.RequestErrorFilter.service(RequestErrorFilter.java:26) $RequestHandler_128ef45be93.service($RequestHandler_128ef45be93.java) org.apache.tapestry5.services.TapestryModule$4.service(TapestryModule.java:778) $RequestHandler_128ef45be93.service($RequestHandler_128ef45be93.java) org.apache.tapestry5.services.TapestryModule$3.service(TapestryModule.java:767) $RequestHandler_128ef45be93.service($RequestHandler_128ef45be93.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.StaticFilesFilter.service(StaticFilesFilter.java:85) $RequestHandler_128ef45be93.service($RequestHandler_128ef45be93.java) myappj.services.AppModule$1.service(AppModule.java:90) $RequestFilter_128ef45be8e.service($RequestFilter_128ef45be8e.java) $RequestHandler_128ef45be93.service($RequestHandler_128ef45be93.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.CheckForUpdatesFilter$2.invoke(CheckForUpdatesFilter.java:90) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.CheckForUpdatesFilter$2.invoke(CheckForUpdatesFilter.java:81) org.apache.tapestry5.ioc.internal.util.ConcurrentBarrier.withRead(ConcurrentBarrier.java:85) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.CheckForUpdatesFilter.service(CheckForUpdatesFilter.java:103) $RequestHandler_128ef45be93.service($RequestHandler_128ef45be93.java) $RequestHandler_128ef45be88.service($RequestHandler_128ef45be88.java) org.apache.tapestry5.services.TapestryModule$HttpServletRequestHandlerTerminator.service(TapestryModule.java:197) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.gzip.GZipFilter.service(GZipFilter.java:53) $HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be8a.service($HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be8a.java) org.apache.tapestry5.internal.services.IgnoredPathsFilter.service(IgnoredPathsFilter.java:62) $HttpServletRequestFilter_128ef45be87.service($HttpServletRequestFilter_128ef45be87.java) $HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be8a.service($HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be8a.java) org.apache.tapestry5.services.TapestryModule$2.service(TapestryModule.java:726) $HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be8a.service($HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be8a.java) $HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be85.service($HttpServletRequestHandler_128ef45be85.java) org.apache.tapestry5.TapestryFilter.doFilter(TapestryFilter.java:127) org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1084) org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.handle(ServletHandler.java:360) org.mortbay.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:216) org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.SessionHandler.handle(SessionHandler.java:181) org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.handle(ContextHandler.java:722) org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.handle(WebAppContext.java:404) org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:139) org.mortbay.jetty.Server.handle(Server.java:324) org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handleRequest(HttpConnection.java:505) org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection$RequestHandler.content(HttpConnection.java:842) org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseNext(HttpParser.java:648) org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseAvailable(HttpParser.java:211) org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handle(HttpConnection.java:380) org.mortbay.io.nio.SelectChannelEndPoint.run(SelectChannelEndPoint.java:395) org.mortbay.thread.BoundedThreadPool$PoolThread.run(BoundedThreadPool.java:450)

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• .NET 4.0 Dynamic object used statically?

  - by Kevin Won

  I've gotten quite sick of XML configuration files in .NET and want to replace them with a format that is more sane. Therefore, I'm writing a config file parser for C# applications that will take a custom config file format, parse it, and create a Python source string that I can then execute in C# and use as a static object (yes that's right--I want a static (not the static type dyanamic) object in the end). Here's an example of what my config file looks like: // my custom config file format GlobalName: ExampleApp Properties { ExternalServiceTimeout: "120" } Python { // this allows for straight python code to be added to handle custom config def MyCustomPython: return "cool" } Using ANTLR I've created a Lexer/Parser that will convert this format to a Python script. So assume I have that all right and can take the .config above and run my Lexer/Parser on it to get a Python script out the back (this has the added benefit of giving me a validation tool for my config). By running the resultant script in C# // simplified example of getting the dynamic python object in C# // (not how I really do it) ScriptRuntime py = Python.CreateRuntime(); dynamic conf = py.UseFile("conftest.py"); dynamic t = conf.GetConfTest("test"); I can get a dynamic object that has my configuration settings. I can now get my config file settings in C# by invoking a dynamic method on that object: //C# calling a method on the dynamic python object var timeout = t.GetProperty("ExternalServiceTimeout"); //the config also allows for straight Python scripting (via the Python block) var special = t.MyCustonPython(); of course, I have no type safety here and no intellisense support. I have a dynamic representation of my config file, but I want a static one. I know what my Python object's type is--it is actually newing up in instance of a C# class. But since it's happening in python, it's type is not the C# type, but dynamic instead. What I want to do is then cast the object back to the C# type that I know the object is: // doesn't work--can't cast a dynamic to a static type (nulls out) IConfigSettings staticTypeConfig = t as IConfigSettings Is there any way to figure out how to cast the object to the static type? I'm rather doubtful that there is... so doubtful that I took another approach of which I'm not entirely sure about. I'm wondering if someone has a better way... So here's my current tactic: since I know the type of the python object, I am creating a C# wrapper class: public class ConfigSettings : IConfigSettings that takes in a dynamic object in the ctor: public ConfigSettings(dynamic settings) { this.DynamicProxy = settings; } public dynamic DynamicProxy { get; private set; } Now I have a reference to the Python dynamic object of which I know the type. So I can then just put wrappers around the Python methods that I know are there: // wrapper access to the underlying dynamic object // this makes my dynamic object appear 'static' public string GetSetting(string key) { return this.DynamicProxy.GetProperty(key).ToString(); } Now the dynamic object is accessed through this static proxy and thus can obviously be passed around in the static C# world via interface, etc: // dependency inject the dynamic object around IBusinessLogic logic = new BusinessLogic(IConfigSettings config); This solution has the benefits of all the static typing stuff we know and love while at the same time giving me the option of 'bailing out' to dynamic too: // the DynamicProxy property give direct access to the dynamic object var result = config.DynamicProxy.MyCustomPython(); but, man, this seems rather convoluted way of getting to an object that is a static type in the first place! Since the whole dynamic/static interaction world is new to me, I'm really questioning if my solution is optimal or if I'm missing something (i.e. some way of casting that dynamic object to a known static type) about how to bridge the chasm between these two universes.

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