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• configure /etc/hosts file so ALL applications always use local network when it makes sense to do so?

  - by gkdsp

  I have two Linux CentOS servers setup in a local network. ServerA is 192.168.0.1 and serverB is 192.168.0.2. There's an application on serverA that communicates with serverB using host2.serverAname.com. But, the traffic is blocked on serverB because the port being used has a firewall that only allows traffic on the local network to pass. Thus, serverB needs to see traffic from serverA as originating from 192.168.0.1 (instead of host2.serverA.com). Is there a way I can configure the /etc/hosts file to ensure traffic always sent between the two servers uses local IP addresses, regardless of what hostname is in use, and for ALL applications? If so, could someone walk me through an example? I only have 2 servers, so the simpler the better.

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• PHP5 extensions

  - by Jack

  I have looked through many tutorials on installing a web server, and some of them have enormous amounts of various PHP extensions. I have a few questions about that: Why would one want to install all those extensions? How to know which extensions you have to install for your site to work properly? Why some tutorials "just" tell you to install them all, when some tell you to install 4 or 5 of them? Thanks! P.S. I'm quite new to Linux, and I'm installing a web server using nginx. Or looking for information about things that look odd to me at the moment. EDIT: Since the question has been answered, I would like to know which ones of these are most likely unnecessary for a Wordpress or SMF installation? php5-fpm php5-mysql php5-xsl php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-xcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc Perhaps there are some extensions that would optimize my website?

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• CNTLM issue with intranet (maybe DNS)

  - by htorque

  On my Linux box I need to use an ISA proxy that requires authentication to reach the internet. I therefore installed CNTLM and configured it to point to the proxy address and listen on port 4321. I then configured my GNOME distribution to use localhost:4321 as global proxy for HTTP and HTTPS. The result: I can connect to the internet. I can ping intranet IPs, I do receive name resolution for intranet sites, yet I cannot ping them or open any intranet site in a browser (configured to use the distributions proxy) unless I use the site's IP address. I tried blocking the intranet IP range in the CNTLM config file without luck.

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• How to convert ext3 partition to use encrypted file system without loosing data?

  - by User1

  My embedded Linux device have 2 partitions: small root partition containing OS. big data partition which uses ext3 I want to encrypt the data partition by using encrypted file system. I don't want loose any data of the partition. Size of the root partition is too small to hold all data of the data partition. It is not possible to use any external data storage. Is there any tools that can convert filesystem of the data partition from ext3 to encrypted fs without copying all files to other place?

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• Deploying web services on a RHEL 5 box using Apache/Tomcat/Axis/Java.

  - by Deepak Konidena

  Hi, I am new to the Web services scene. I currently have access to a RHEL5 box and i need to deploy a java web service on it. It runs apache and i know this because i have a website hosted on this machine. Now, i want to deploy a web service on to this website to be able to just pass a link to someone when they need to access my web service. Could someone point out a resource or explain what all i need to get the webservice deployed using Tomcat/Apache Axis and Java. I have done this on Windows (hosted on localhost) but couldn't quite figure out things on linux. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks. Deepak.

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• Missing eth0 configuration file

  - by Godric Seer

  I have two servers both running Scientific Linux 6 on the same network. Since I want SSH access to both of them, I want to give them both static IPs so I can setup port forwarding and not worry how my router assigns local IPs. I found that I need to edit the configuration file /etc/network-scripts/ifcng-eth0, however that file does not exist. The network card works fine, and I am able to ssh as long as I access the router and find the local ip. Can I simply make my own configuration file, or did I miss some step in configuring the system that I need to complete?

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• How to reference other locations in making multi-boot live cd

  - by Nrew

  There is a tool in pen drive linux that allows you to boot directly with multiple iso files. And here is a sample in the menu.lst which allows you to choose which iso file you want to boot. title Fedora 13 find --set-root /Fedora-12-i686-L.iso map /ubuntu-10.04-desktop-i386.iso (0xff) map --hook root (0xff) kernel /casper/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper persistent iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu-10.04-desktop-i386.iso splash initrd /casper/initrd.lz I'm just using it on my 8gb flash drive and the location of the iso file is in the flash drive itself. Is it possible to reference other locations. So that I could boot from it, without limitations. because the flash drive can only contain 8gb of data. Is it possible? Anyone here tried this before?

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• sudo/su command for Red Hat Server 5.4

  - by rednaxela

  Without going into too much detail, I need to execute one linux command on redhat with root user access. Red Hat Server 5.4 does not recognise the sudo command. The command su can be used to switch to the root user on redhat, but su cannot be done in one line. For example the command: su ; cd opt/storage/RootAccessFolder will not work because this only switches you to root, then executes the cd command once you have logged out from the root user. I guess what i'm looking for is like a.. sudo cd opt/storage/RootAccessFolder but I say again, sudo doesn't work. Any ideas?

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• Is that possible to route all mails sent to a mailbox to another server's mailbox

  - by Chau Chee Yang

  I have a Linux server that has local mail service. There are few user accounts on this server. User may send the mail to each other but that only restrict to LAN environment only. For example, I may # mail user1 to send mail to user1. User are not able to send mail to public. Some service like hylafax using this local mail service to send notification of fax status. I don't want to manage and maintain local mail service anymore. I have subscribed a package from ISP to host a public domain of my own. I wish to have my hylafax service to able to send the notification mails to public mail server, is that possible to do it? It is great if all mails that send to local mail server may forward to public mail server. That makes the local mail service serve mail forward only.

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• Is my Windows partition too far down on the disk?

  - by Trevor Alexander

  I have /boot/ on /dev/sda1 (1GB), followed by my Linux root LVM on /dev/sda2 (1.3GB). Finally, I installed Windows 7 on /dev/sda3 in the remaining 700GB of space. When I select Windows 7 in the grub menu, I get something like the following error and am thrown to grub4dos: find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd /bootmgr Error 15: file not found Unable to locate necessary tables for adjustment. None of the options in grub4dos return anything but the above error. I heard that 1TB is the upper limit for locating Windows 7 partitions; is this true? How can I fix the above?

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• Making a Live Thumb drive boot with Persistent files, settings AND *drivers* that load on boot?

  - by Luke Stanley

  I have seen https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LiveUsbPendrivePersistent but it's a mess. What methods support persistent drivers as well as files and settings and don't screw up lifespan of the flash drive? I'd like to see your personal recommendations on say, Portable Linux, USB Creator, Remastersys + Unetbootin, etc Backstory: I have a Inspiron 1525 that's hard drive has been slowly dying. I want to switch to a live USB/CD/DVD system until I can get it repaired but my laptops internal wifi device requires a network connection by another means for Xubuntu to let it work, and then I have to enter my Wifi key again, and THEN I have to reinstall Skype etc... I'd be damned every time I have to shut the laptop down. I'm ok with making a shell script for installing apps and copying settings as required but a good persistent install should make this old hat and slow and it doesn't take care of drivers. The last time I tried making an ISO with Remastersys it didn't seem to copy all the required settings.

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• MySQL is running VERY slow on CentOS 6x (not 5x)

  - by user1032531

  I have two servers: a VPS and a laptop. I recently re-built both of them, and MySQL is running about 20 times slower on the laptop. Both servers used to run CentOS 5.8 and I think MySQL 5.1, and the laptop used to do great so I do not think it is the hardware. For the VPS, my provider installed CentOS 6.4, and then I installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. For the laptop, I installed CentOS 6.4 basic server and then installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. my.cnf for both servers are identical, and I have shown below. For both servers, I've also included below the output from SHOW VARIABLES; as well as output from sysbench, file system information, and cpu information. I have tried adding skip-name-resolve, but it didn't help. The matrix below shows the SHOW VARIABLES output from both servers which is different. Again, MySQL was installed the same way, so I do not know why it is different, but it is and I think this might be why the laptop is executing MySQL so slowly. Why is the laptop running MySQL slowly, and how do I fix it? Differences between SHOW VARIABLES on both servers +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | Variable | Value-VPS | Value-Laptop | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | hostname | vps.site1.com | laptop.site2.com | | max_binlog_cache_size | 4294963200 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_seeks_for_key | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_write_lock_count | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | myisam_max_sort_file_size | 2146435072 | 9223372036853720000 | | myisam_mmap_size | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | plugin_dir | /usr/lib/mysql/plugin | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin | | pseudo_thread_id | 7568 | 2 | | system_time_zone | EST | PDT | | thread_stack | 196608 | 262144 | | timestamp | 1372252112 | 1372252046 | | version_compile_machine | i386 | x86_64 | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ my.cnf for both servers [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid innodb_strict_mode=on sql_mode=TRADITIONAL # sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci log=/var/log/mysqld_all.log [root@server1 ~]# VPS SHOW VARIABLES Info Same as Laptop shown below but changes per above matrix (removed to allow me to be under the 30000 characters as required by ServerFault) Laptop SHOW VARIABLES Info auto_increment_increment 1 auto_increment_offset 1 autocommit ON automatic_sp_privileges ON back_log 50 basedir /usr/ big_tables OFF binlog_cache_size 32768 binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates OFF binlog_format STATEMENT bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608 character_set_client utf8 character_set_connection utf8 character_set_database latin1 character_set_filesystem binary character_set_results utf8 character_set_server latin1 character_set_system utf8 character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ collation_connection utf8_general_ci collation_database latin1_swedish_ci collation_server latin1_swedish_ci completion_type 0 concurrent_insert 1 connect_timeout 10 datadir /var/lib/mysql/ date_format %Y-%m-%d datetime_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s default_week_format 0 delay_key_write ON delayed_insert_limit 100 delayed_insert_timeout 300 delayed_queue_size 1000 div_precision_increment 4 engine_condition_pushdown ON error_count 0 event_scheduler OFF expire_logs_days 0 flush OFF flush_time 0 foreign_key_checks ON ft_boolean_syntax + -><()~*:""&| ft_max_word_len 84 ft_min_word_len 4 ft_query_expansion_limit 20 ft_stopword_file (built-in) general_log OFF general_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.log group_concat_max_len 1024 have_community_features YES have_compress YES have_crypt YES have_csv YES have_dynamic_loading YES have_geometry YES have_innodb YES have_ndbcluster NO have_openssl DISABLED have_partitioning YES have_query_cache YES have_rtree_keys YES have_ssl DISABLED have_symlink DISABLED hostname server1.site2.com identity 0 ignore_builtin_innodb OFF init_connect init_file init_slave innodb_adaptive_hash_index ON innodb_additional_mem_pool_size 1048576 innodb_autoextend_increment 8 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size 8388608 innodb_checksums ON innodb_commit_concurrency 0 innodb_concurrency_tickets 500 innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_data_home_dir innodb_doublewrite ON innodb_fast_shutdown 1 innodb_file_io_threads 4 innodb_file_per_table OFF innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 1 innodb_flush_method innodb_force_recovery 0 innodb_lock_wait_timeout 50 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog OFF innodb_log_buffer_size 1048576 innodb_log_file_size 5242880 innodb_log_files_in_group 2 innodb_log_group_home_dir ./ innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 90 innodb_max_purge_lag 0 innodb_mirrored_log_groups 1 innodb_open_files 300 innodb_rollback_on_timeout OFF innodb_stats_method nulls_equal innodb_stats_on_metadata ON innodb_support_xa ON innodb_sync_spin_loops 20 innodb_table_locks ON innodb_thread_concurrency 8 innodb_thread_sleep_delay 10000 innodb_use_legacy_cardinality_algorithm ON insert_id 0 interactive_timeout 28800 join_buffer_size 131072 keep_files_on_create OFF key_buffer_size 8384512 key_cache_age_threshold 300 key_cache_block_size 1024 key_cache_division_limit 100 language /usr/share/mysql/english/ large_files_support ON large_page_size 0 large_pages OFF last_insert_id 0 lc_time_names en_US license GPL local_infile ON locked_in_memory OFF log OFF log_bin OFF log_bin_trust_function_creators OFF log_bin_trust_routine_creators OFF log_error /var/log/mysqld.log log_output FILE log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF log_slave_updates OFF log_slow_queries OFF log_warnings 1 long_query_time 10.000000 low_priority_updates OFF lower_case_file_system OFF lower_case_table_names 0 max_allowed_packet 1048576 max_binlog_cache_size 18446744073709547520 max_binlog_size 1073741824 max_connect_errors 10 max_connections 151 max_delayed_threads 20 max_error_count 64 max_heap_table_size 16777216 max_insert_delayed_threads 20 max_join_size 18446744073709551615 max_length_for_sort_data 1024 max_long_data_size 1048576 max_prepared_stmt_count 16382 max_relay_log_size 0 max_seeks_for_key 18446744073709551615 max_sort_length 1024 max_sp_recursion_depth 0 max_tmp_tables 32 max_user_connections 0 max_write_lock_count 18446744073709551615 min_examined_row_limit 0 multi_range_count 256 myisam_data_pointer_size 6 myisam_max_sort_file_size 9223372036853727232 myisam_mmap_size 18446744073709551615 myisam_recover_options OFF myisam_repair_threads 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size 8388608 myisam_stats_method nulls_unequal myisam_use_mmap OFF net_buffer_length 16384 net_read_timeout 30 net_retry_count 10 net_write_timeout 60 new OFF old OFF old_alter_table OFF old_passwords OFF open_files_limit 1024 optimizer_prune_level 1 optimizer_search_depth 62 optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on pid_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid plugin_dir /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin port 3306 preload_buffer_size 32768 profiling OFF profiling_history_size 15 protocol_version 10 pseudo_thread_id 3 query_alloc_block_size 8192 query_cache_limit 1048576 query_cache_min_res_unit 4096 query_cache_size 0 query_cache_type ON query_cache_wlock_invalidate OFF query_prealloc_size 8192 rand_seed1 rand_seed2 range_alloc_block_size 4096 read_buffer_size 131072 read_only OFF read_rnd_buffer_size 262144 relay_log relay_log_index relay_log_info_file relay-log.info relay_log_purge ON relay_log_space_limit 0 report_host report_password report_port 3306 report_user rpl_recovery_rank 0 secure_auth OFF secure_file_priv server_id 0 skip_external_locking ON skip_name_resolve OFF skip_networking OFF skip_show_database OFF slave_compressed_protocol OFF slave_exec_mode STRICT slave_load_tmpdir /tmp slave_max_allowed_packet 1073741824 slave_net_timeout 3600 slave_skip_errors OFF slave_transaction_retries 10 slow_launch_time 2 slow_query_log OFF slow_query_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld-slow.log socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock sort_buffer_size 2097144 sql_auto_is_null ON sql_big_selects ON sql_big_tables OFF sql_buffer_result OFF sql_log_bin ON sql_log_off OFF sql_log_update ON sql_low_priority_updates OFF sql_max_join_size 18446744073709551615 sql_mode sql_notes ON sql_quote_show_create ON sql_safe_updates OFF sql_select_limit 18446744073709551615 sql_slave_skip_counter sql_warnings OFF ssl_ca ssl_capath ssl_cert ssl_cipher ssl_key storage_engine MyISAM sync_binlog 0 sync_frm ON system_time_zone PDT table_definition_cache 256 table_lock_wait_timeout 50 table_open_cache 64 table_type MyISAM thread_cache_size 0 thread_handling one-thread-per-connection thread_stack 262144 time_format %H:%i:%s time_zone SYSTEM timed_mutexes OFF timestamp 1372254399 tmp_table_size 16777216 tmpdir /tmp transaction_alloc_block_size 8192 transaction_prealloc_size 4096 tx_isolation REPEATABLE-READ unique_checks ON updatable_views_with_limit YES version 5.1.69 version_comment Source distribution version_compile_machine x86_64 version_compile_os redhat-linux-gnu wait_timeout 28800 warning_count 0 VPS Sysbench Info Deleted to stay under 30000 characters. Laptop Sysbench Info [root@server1 ~]# cat sysbench.txt sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 8 Doing OLTP test. Running mixed OLTP test Doing read-only test Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases) Using "BEGIN" for starting transactions Using auto_inc on the id column Threads started! Time limit exceeded, exiting... (last message repeated 7 times) Done. OLTP test statistics: queries performed: read: 634718 write: 0 other: 90674 total: 725392 transactions: 45337 (755.56 per sec.) deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.) read/write requests: 634718 (10577.78 per sec.) other operations: 90674 (1511.11 per sec.) Test execution summary: total time: 60.0048s total number of events: 45337 total time taken by event execution: 479.4912 per-request statistics: min: 2.04ms avg: 10.58ms max: 85.56ms approx. 95 percentile: 19.70ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 5667.1250/42.18 execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9364/0.00 [root@server1 ~]# VPS File Info [root@vps ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs simfs 20971520 16187440 4784080 78% / none tmpfs 6224432 4 6224428 1% /dev none tmpfs 6224432 0 6224432 0% /dev/shm [root@vps ~]# Laptop File Info [root@server1 ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_server1-lv_root ext4 72383800 4243964 64462860 7% / tmpfs tmpfs 956352 0 956352 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 ext4 495844 60948 409296 13% /boot [root@server1 ~]# VPS CPU Info Removed to stay under the 30000 character limit required by ServerFault Laptop CPU Info [root@server1 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: [root@server1 ~]# EDIT New Info requested by shakalandy [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2044804 kB MemFree: 761464 kB Buffers: 68868 kB Cached: 369708 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 881080 kB Inactive: 246016 kB Active(anon): 688312 kB Inactive(anon): 4416 kB Active(file): 192768 kB Inactive(file): 241600 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 4095992 kB SwapFree: 4095992 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 688428 kB Mapped: 65156 kB Shmem: 4216 kB Slab: 92428 kB SReclaimable: 31260 kB SUnreclaim: 61168 kB KernelStack: 2392 kB PageTables: 28356 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 5118392 kB Committed_AS: 1530212 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 343604 kB VmallocChunk: 34359372920 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 520192 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 8556 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501360 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3036 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14449 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501356 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3048 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14470 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 742172 76376 371064 0 0 6 6 78 202 2 1 97 1 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371060 0 0 0 16 191 467 2 1 93 5 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 388 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 418 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 145 380 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 166 429 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 373 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 149 382 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 168 408 2 0 97 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 165 394 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 354 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371060 0 0 0 16 180 447 2 0 91 6 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371064 0 0 0 0 143 344 2 1 98 0 0 0 1 0 742784 76416 370044 0 0 28 580 360 678 3 1 74 23 0 1 0 0 744768 76496 367772 0 0 40 1036 437 865 3 1 53 43 0 0 1 0 747248 76596 365412 0 0 48 1224 561 923 3 2 53 43 0 0 1 0 749232 76696 363092 0 0 32 1132 512 883 3 2 52 44 0 0 1 0 751340 76772 361020 0 0 32 1008 472 872 2 1 52 45 0 0 1 0 753448 76840 358540 0 0 36 1088 512 860 2 1 51 46 0 0 1 0 755060 76936 357636 0 0 28 1012 481 922 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 755060 77064 357988 0 0 12 896 444 902 2 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 754688 77148 358448 0 0 16 1096 506 1007 1 1 56 42 0 0 2 0 754192 77268 358932 0 0 12 1060 481 957 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 753696 77380 359392 0 0 12 1052 512 1025 2 1 55 42 0 0 1 0 751028 77480 359828 0 0 8 984 423 909 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 750524 77620 360200 0 0 8 788 367 869 1 2 54 44 0 0 1 0 749904 77700 360664 0 0 8 928 439 924 2 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 749408 77796 361084 0 0 12 976 468 967 1 1 56 43 0 0 1 0 748788 77896 361464 0 0 12 992 453 944 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 748416 77992 361996 0 0 12 784 392 868 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 747920 78092 362336 0 0 4 896 382 874 1 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 745252 78172 362780 0 0 12 1040 444 923 1 1 56 42 0 0 1 0 744764 78288 363220 0 0 8 1024 448 934 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 744144 78408 363668 0 0 8 1000 461 982 2 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 743648 78488 364148 0 0 8 872 443 888 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 743152 78548 364468 0 0 16 1020 511 995 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 742656 78632 365024 0 0 12 928 431 913 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 742160 78728 365468 0 0 12 996 470 955 2 2 54 44 0 1 1 0 739492 78840 365896 0 0 8 988 447 939 1 2 52 46 0 0 1 0 738872 78996 366352 0 0 12 972 442 928 1 1 55 44 0 1 1 0 738244 79148 366812 0 0 8 948 549 1126 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 737624 79312 367188 0 0 12 996 456 953 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 736880 79456 367660 0 0 12 960 444 918 1 1 53 46 0 0 1 0 736260 79584 368124 0 0 8 884 414 921 1 1 54 44 0 0 1 0 735648 79716 368488 0 0 12 976 450 955 2 1 56 41 0 0 1 0 733104 79840 368988 0 0 12 932 453 918 1 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 732608 79996 369356 0 0 16 916 444 889 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 731476 80128 369800 0 0 16 852 514 978 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 731244 80252 370200 0 0 8 904 398 870 2 1 55 43 0 1 1 0 730624 80384 370612 0 0 12 1032 447 977 1 2 57 41 0 0 1 0 730004 80524 371096 0 0 12 984 469 941 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 729508 80636 371544 0 0 12 928 438 922 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 728888 80756 371948 0 0 16 972 439 943 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 726468 80900 372272 0 0 8 960 545 1024 2 1 54 43 0 1 1 0 726344 81024 372272 0 0 8 464 490 1057 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 726096 81148 372276 0 0 4 328 441 1063 2 1 53 45 0 1 1 0 726096 81256 372292 0 0 0 296 387 975 1 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 725848 81380 372284 0 0 4 332 425 1034 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 725848 81496 372300 0 0 4 308 386 992 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 725600 81616 372296 0 0 4 328 404 1060 1 1 54 44 0 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 1 0 725600 81732 372296 0 0 4 328 439 1011 1 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 725476 81848 372308 0 0 0 316 441 1023 2 2 52 46 0 1 1 0 725352 81972 372300 0 0 4 344 451 1021 1 1 55 43 0 2 1 0 725228 82088 372320 0 0 0 328 427 1058 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82220 372300 0 0 4 336 419 999 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82328 372320 0 0 4 320 430 1019 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724732 82436 372328 0 0 0 388 363 942 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724608 82560 372312 0 0 4 308 419 993 1 2 54 44 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372320 0 0 0 304 421 1028 2 1 55 42 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372388 0 0 0 0 158 416 2 1 98 0 0 1 1 0 724236 82720 372360 0 0 0 6464 243 855 3 2 84 12 0 1 0 0 724112 82748 372360 0 0 0 5356 266 895 3 1 84 12 0 2 1 0 724112 82764 372380 0 0 0 3052 221 511 2 2 93 4 0 1 0 0 724112 82796 372372 0 0 0 4548 325 1067 2 2 81 16 0 1 0 0 724112 82816 372368 0 0 0 3240 259 829 3 1 90 6 0 1 0 0 724112 82836 372380 0 0 0 3260 309 822 3 2 88 8 0 1 1 0 724112 82876 372364 0 0 0 4680 326 978 3 1 77 19 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372380 0 0 0 512 207 508 2 1 95 2 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 138 361 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 158 397 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 146 395 2 1 98 0 0 2 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 160 395 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 163 382 1 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 176 422 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 134 351 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 190 429 2 1 97 0 0 0 0 0 724104 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 139 358 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724848 82884 372392 0 0 0 4 211 432 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 166 370 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 164 397 2 1 98 0 0 ^C [root@localhost ~]# Database size mysql> SELECT table_schema "Data Base Name", sum( data_length + index_length ) / 1024 / 1024 "Data Base Size in MB", sum( data_free )/ 1024 / 1024 "Free Space in MB" FROM information_schema.TABLES GROUP BY table_schema; +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Data Base Name | Data Base Size in MB | Free Space in MB | +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | bidjunction | 4.68750000 | 0.00000000 | | information_schema | 0.00976563 | 0.00000000 | | mysql | 0.63899899 | 0.00105286 | +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> Before Query mysql> SHOW SESSION STATUS like '%Tmp%'; +-------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+-------+ | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 0 | | Created_tmp_files | 6 | | Created_tmp_tables | 0 | +-------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> After Query mysql> SHOW SESSION STATUS like '%Tmp%'; +-------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+-------+ | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 0 | | Created_tmp_files | 6 | | Created_tmp_tables | 2 | +-------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>

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• How can i resolve all external addresses to internal address?

  - by Darian

  I am currently setting up a Linux server for a WIFI access-point. When ever someone who is connected to the hotspot/access-point? tries to reload a page they get forced onto the one page. Note: this wont have internet access! ie: user tries accessing www.google.com = it returns 192.168.1.200 or example.domain I've read that "dnsmasq" can be used to redirect any external addresses to an internal address. but haven't had any luck. Anyone have an example of a config for "dnsmasq"? I have also read that this can be done through a proxy?

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• How can I tell if ZFS (zfs-fuse) dedup/compression is applied to a particular file?

  - by asari

  I have a zfs formatted partition using zfs-fuse for linux (Ubuntu). I had used it for a while, and then enabled dedup and compression on it (zfs set compression=on/dedup=on). Now I think I have some files that are dedup'ed and compressed, and file that are not yet. It was OK, but sometimes I was confused. Let's see, following command would consume almost 4GB of my zfs storage: cp oldfile.4GB newfile.4GB .. and this would consume almost zero: cp newfile.4GB newfile.4GB.2 This is because the old file is not yet compressed, so dedup not happened, I think. My idea is -- if I can find old files that are not yet dedup/compressed, I can perform batch copy/rename/remove them to eliminate duplicity and redundancy. But how I can check that? I know I can re-copy whole contents of my storage should work (even better with checking the time stamp of each file), but I'd be happier if I have zfsstat-like tool that shows some file properties.

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• Can't find my.cnf on my VPS

  - by dan

  Ok i am a total noob when it comes to servers (but eager to learn). I am renting a VPS so i can host a magento store. The VPS is using Centos5 and DirectAdmin and XEN virtualization. I've read a bit about how to optimize magento and one suggestion is to edit 'my.cnf'. However i can't find this file anywhere from within DirectAdmin. I also can't connect to the VPS via console as my host has a console access via their website but it won't let me enter my root password it just hangs...(how do people normally connected to their linux VPS?) Please help? ThankYou.

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• Calculate data transferred in a local LAN

  - by ramdaz

  How do you calculate the data flown between a computer and the gateway computer. I have a Linux router/gateway running IP Tables which routes internet traffic in a LAN. I have individual users with IP/MAC Address mapped who access Interet through the gateway computer. I would like to find out the traffic utilized by individual users. Is it possible for us to find out what kind of traffic was HTTP, SMTP, FTP etc. Is it also possible to pool the information on hourly basis, and get specific info so that I can store information in a database? I have heard of IP Accounting? Is that the right way

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• Nearest PC equivalent to Mac Target Disk Mode?

  - by username

  Mac firmware has a special boot mode that allows you to offer its internal hdd to another computer as an external disk (you just connect the two machines via an IEEE 1394 cable). Only the second machine needs a functioning OS installed. Any good suggestions for something similar on the PC side of things? Block level access isn't important to me, I'd just like to be able to copy files off it. It doesn't matter to me if it uses Ethernet, IEEE 1394, or wifi - I just like having a quick way to access files on a client PC. Is there any single-purpose Linux distro specially designed to do this? It'd be nice to have something super simple, quickbooting, and small that I could install on a USB drive. I used to use Knoppix, but it's overkill as a Target Mode replacement.

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• Which FLOSS text editor is most like kwrite without being KDE-based?

  - by darenw

  Among text editors on Linux, I usually prefer KWrite. I like that I can quickly turn on/off line numbers and line wrap in the View menu. Other settings are easy to change. Other text editors I've used in the past, such as Gnome's gedit, bury line numbering and wrapping checkboxes deeper into the menu system, making it more distracting to change while concentrating on real work. However, KWrite is a KDE app. On Ubuntu it drags in over a dozen other packages, which I suspect I don't really need. Why would a text editor need all that? It's slower to start up than some other editors I've tried. I'm also trying to run an all-gnome system w/o any KDE, just to see how far I get with it. So, what GUI text editor isn't KDE-based, has few dependencies and quick start-up, easy to change line wrap and numbering, and general similarity to KWrite? What comes closest?

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• Unable to write into character device file in Ubuntu

  - by Surjya Narayana Padhi

  I just written a linux character driver. I created one character device file named X. I can see that file in /dev folder. Now I want to do some read/write operation into this file. I opened the filed in VI editor and write some text into it. I used :wq and exited. It didn't show any error. Now when I do cat on that same file I am not able to see any content. I tried it several times. The same situation. Please let me know If I am doing something wrong....

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• DPMS, keep screen off when lid shut

  - by Evan Teran

  I have a laptop running linux. In my xorg configuration, I have DPMS setup so that the screen automatically turns off during several events. In addition to that I have to the following script tied to ACPI lid open/close events: #!/bin/sh for i in $(pidof X); do CMD=$(ps --no-heading $i) XAUTH="$(echo $CMD | sed -n 's/.*-auth \(.*\)/\1/p')" DISPLAY="$(echo $CMD | sed -n 's/.* \(:[0-9]\) .*/\1/p')" # turn the display off or back on export XAUTHORITY=$XAUTH /usr/bin/xset -display $DISPLAY dpms force $1 done Basically, this script takes one parameter ("on" or "off") then iterates through all of my running X sessions and either turns on or turns off the monitor. Here's my issue. When I close the lid of the laptop, the screen goes off as expected, but if a mouse event occurs (like if something bumps into the table...) then the screen turns back on even though it is closed (I can see the light through the side of the laptop). Is there a way to prevent the screen from turning on during a mouse event if the lid is closed?

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• Ask a DNS server what sites it hosts - and how to possibly prevent misuse

  - by Exit

  I've got a server which I host my company website as well as some of my clients. I noticed a domain which I created, but never used, was being attacked by a poke and hope hacker. I imagine that the hacker collected the domain from either hitting my DNS server and requesting what domains are hosted. So, in the interest of prevention and better server management, how would I ask my own DNS server (Linux CentOS 4) what sites are being hosted on it? Also, is there a way to prevent these types of attacks by hiding this information? I would assume that DNS servers would need to keep some information public, but I'm not sure if there is something that most hosts do to help prevent these bandwidth wasting poke and hope attacks. Thanks in advance.

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• Apache - setting up a subdomain

  - by Adam

  I'm having trouble getting a subdomain working for an Apache Linux Install. Following is what I've configured: DNS: connect.goneglobal.com. CNAME 54.251.35.112 Apache httpd.conf: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/html/connect.goneglobal.com ServerName connect.goneglobal.com </VirtualHost> restart httpd - this ip is registered to this server - works for other sites on this apache. (first time I've tried a subdomain). Appears the issue is with DNS potentially and it doesn't seem to get to the site. Note: I have an index.php in the Documentroot. Note: there is an A record for goneglobal.com. which goes to a different hosting provider. thx

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• How difficult is it to setup a mailserver?

  - by Jacob R

  I want a secure mail solution, as I am looking to move away from Google and other parties looking into my private data. How much of a PITA is it to setup my own mailserver? Should I go for an external provider with a good privacy policy and encrypted data instead? I have a VPS running Debian (with a dedicated IP + reverse DNS), and I'm a fairly capable Linux administrator, having setup a couple of webservers, home networks, and looking over the shoulder of sysadmins at work. The security I currently have on the VPS is limited to iptables and installing/running the bare minimum of what I need (currently basically irssi and lighttpd). When setting up a mail server, is there a lot of stuff to take into consideration? Will my outgoing mail be marked as spam on other servers if I don't implement a number of solutions? Will reliable spam filtering be difficult to setup? Can I easily encrypt the stored mail?

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• "Target the specific user you will be using and assign it user id 0/group 0"

  - by Jeremy Holovacs

  I am trying to virtualize an Ubuntu machine using VMWare vCenter Converter, but ran into permissions issues. I followed the instructions of part 1 and 2 on this page but when I got to "For Ubuntu operating systems further configuration is needed" I started running into trouble. I'm decent at Linux, but I'm not an experienced sysadmin. How do I Target the specific user you will be using and assign it user id 0/group 0? How do I Ensure that you also still enable Allow root to ssh even though you are not using the root account? Thanks for your help.

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• Apache is running; however, it reports that it is not, and it will not restart.

  - by solo

  Apache is running; however, it reports that it is not, and it will not restart. # /etc/init.d/httpd status httpd.worker is stopped # /usr/sbin/lsof -iTCP:80 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME httpd.wor 1169 root 3u IPv6 2974 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd.wor 1211 daemon 3u IPv6 2974 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd.wor 1213 daemon 3u IPv6 2974 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd.wor 1215 daemon 3u IPv6 2974 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd.wor 1352 daemon 3u IPv6 2974 TCP *:http (LISTEN) #/etc/init.d/httpd restart Stopping httpd: [FAILED] Starting httpd: [Wed Mar 24 10:33:51 2010] [warn] module proxy_ajp_module is already loaded, skipping (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80 (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs [FAILED] OS: Linux DISTRO: CENTOS 5 Restarting the server didn't help, nor did killing apache and starting it. Any idea what is causing this inconsistency?

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