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• write-through RAM disk, or massive caching of file system?

  - by Will

  I have a program that is very heavily hitting the file system, reading and writing randomly to a set of working files. The files total several gigabytes in size, but I can spare the RAM to keep them all mostly in memory. The machines this program runs on are typically Ubuntu Linux boxes. Is there a way to configure the file system to have a very very large cache, and even to cache writes so they hit the disk later? I understand the issues with power loss or such, and am prepared to accept that. Crashing aside, in normal operation the writes should eventually reach the disk! Or is there a way to create a RAM disk that writes-through to real disk?

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• Run shell script on a command

  - by LinuxPenseur

  Hi, I want to run a shell script when date -s <string> command is used. For example i want to log the command to the file /tmp/user.log by executing the following command in the shell script logger -p user.notice "date -s command executed" -f /tmp/user.log How can run a shell script when date -s <string> is executed on the shell? To make it more general, I want to run my shell script when someone else issues a particular linux command on my system. How to do this?

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• Latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks

  - by aix

  What resources (books, Web pages etc) would you recommend that: explain the causes of latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks; mention tools for looking out for things that cause latency (e.g. certain entries in netstat -s); suggest ways to tweak the Linux TCP stack to reduce TCP latency (Nagle, socket buffers etc). The closest I am aware of is this document, but it's rather brief. Alternatively, you're welcome to answer the above questions directly. edit To be clear, the question isn't just about "abnormal" latency, but about latency in general. Additionally, it is specifically about TCP/IP-over-Ethernet and not about other protocols (even if they have better latency characteristics.)

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• Snapshot/rollback for libvirt+KVM?

  - by jtimberman

  I've recently begun using KVM for my development/test environment on a Linux host system with 8G memory. Prior, I was using VMware Fusion for my virtual environment, but my Macbook only has 2G memory. I tried VMware Server and ESX on the host instead of KVM, but the webUI doesn't run on Mac OSX's Firefox, and we're going to be doing more with KVM anyway. The main feature of VMware I miss is robust snapshot/rollback, but I'm missing this in KVM. I understand the snapshot command, but it shuts down the guest OS when complete, and then copying the disk image to preserve its state is cumbersome. Is this really the best way to manage snapshots on KVM?

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• Erase all traces of Windows 8

  - by user1032531

  Just bought a new HP pavilion desktop with Windows 8. I wish to totally remove Windows 8 and all data on the hard drive, remove any windows partitions, delete all data, and then install a fresh Linux. Problem is I can seem to get to boot from USB or boot from CD. It appears that Windows 8 added the following two "features": UEFI which substitutes what we have known as the BIOS Secure Boot which prevents anything but the installed operating system How do I completely and totally erase all traces of Windows 8? Is it still possible to reformat the hard drive? I don't want a duel boot, I don't want to go back to Windows 7, I just want anything Windows gone.

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• Tor Browser: how do I restart just the browser?

  - by GDR

  I'm using Tor Browser on Linux from time to time, but I close the browser because it has high memory usage, and leave Vidala running in background to help the network and relay traffic. The problem is, when I want to use Tor Browser again, I have to shut down Vidala and start it again. This takes time and has negative effect on the network. When I execute ./App/Firefox/firefox-bin, the browser starts but says it's not connected via Tor network. Any ideas how to start tor browser and make it connect to existing Vidala instance?

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• network configuration busted good

  - by jldupont

  On my Linux Ubuntu Karmic machine, when I try to net conf list I get: [2010/03/14 21:25:18, 0] registry/reg_init_basic.c:32(registry_init_common) Failed to initialize the registry: WERR_ACCESS_DENIED I think I may have busted my networking configuration good this time... I can't get Nautilus "networking" functions to work i.e. the "Places - Network" won't show my Windows workgroup anymore... Please help! note1: I have verified my SAMBA configuration and it isn't the problem. note2: I have uninstalled Winbind, Dnsmasq and Squid to get my configuration as simple as possible to debug.

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• How to setup a user account for a web application

  - by ximus

  Hi, What are the main guidelines to setting up a user account on a Linux machine for a web app? In my case it is a Rails application that does file management. First thing I can think of is to limit access rights to only the directories it needs. But how exactly should I go about this? Setup rights through a user group or a through the user's ownership of those directories. I have very little experience in user rights management. What else do I need to consider? I've heard of ACL's and SELinux, do I need to look into any of these to guaranty decent security for my simple web app? Any advice about this and anything not mentioned welcomed, Thanks, Max. I will be using Ubuntu.

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• Samba4 advice for production use

  - by pgb

  I have an old Samba 3 + LDAP server installed that needs to be rebuilt. I'm weighting my options, and Windows Server seems too expensive at the moment, and Samba 4 appeared to be a nice option, coupled with the last Bind 9 that can dynamically add the computers to the DNS. I have about 30 workstations, so I still consider it a small network. My questions are: Is Samba 4 stable enough for production? It seems as if the Samba team is too cautious on when to call their version final, or even beta, as compared with other open source projects. What Linux distribution would you recommend to set it up? I usually use Ubuntu Server, but may use another one if installing / maintaining Samba 4 is better on that one.

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• Can a web server and XBMC HTPC co exist happily?

  - by Mild Fuzz

  I have a machine that is currently dedicated to running my home theatre. It is way more powerful than it needs to be, and spec wise would have no problem running both a few websites and an HTPC What I wanted to know is that is this was a reasonable thing to expect of a single machine? 90% of the time, all it's power would be just for the web server ( and the odd torrent) Currently it's running Windows, but I am pretty sure I will have to turn it into a Linux box Will I run into any problems? Is there anything I need to know before I start? Any prerequisites? The webserver will be required to run Ruby on Rails sites mainly, but might be called upon to run PHP for Wordpress also.

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• How to switch users without entering password

  - by torbengb

  I'm a newbie running Ubuntu 9.10. I have two users (wife and me), and each user's screensaver is set to lock so that on wakeup, we get to choose which user's desktop to go to. However, Ubuntu requires a password, so this is pretty tedious. I'd like to switch users without entering any password. I know about this trick that works for the boot login, but it doesn't deal with multiple users. Is it possible to set empty passwords for users in Ubuntu, or skip the password in other ways? (I'm expecting real Linux users to suggest that passwordless users must not get any rights and there be an admin user with a strong password. Yes, you're right. But that's not what this question is about. Thanks.)

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• Can't rename/move files from OSX that were copied from NTFS

  - by 99miles

  Hello- I recently had data recovered and it was sent back to me on what I think is an NTFS drive. I copied all the files over to a file share I have on a Linux box, that's ext4. Now I have that share mounted on my OSX machine, and I can't move or rename most of the files. However, in a couple cases I was able to rename a folder after the third try. Another time I was able to rename a folder once, but not again. All the permissions are showing up the same on the command-line -- I can't see any differences between the permissions on any of the files/folders. Any clues??? Thanks.

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• NAS disk - problem with accessing SAMBA

  - by dominolog

  Hello I have a NAS disk running on some version of Linux. The disk is located in local network (5 PC running XP or Vista, all connected to Linksys Router). I have problems accessing NAS resources through SAMBA. The 1st issue is that the NAS is not accessible through hostname (even if it is configured), 2nd point is that it is mostly not accessible through IP manner (\IP_OF_NAS). Rest of services (FTP, HTTP access) works flawlessly. I connected the NAS to my home network (only 1 WinXP and Linsys router) and the NAS is working fine - SAMBA access together with hostname recognition works perfectly. I wonder this is an issue with WINS? Could anybody help? Regards

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• HOWTO Turn off SPARC T4 or Intel AES-NI crypto acceleration.

  - by darrenm

  Since we released hardware crypto acceleration for SPARC T4 and Intel AES-NI support we have had a common question come up: 'How do I test without the hardware crypto acceleration?'. Initially this came up just for development use so developers can do unit testing on a machine that has hardware offload but still cover the code paths for a machine that doesn't (our integration and release testing would run on all supported types of hardware anyway).  I've also seen it asked in a customer context too so that we can show that there is a performance gain from the hardware crypto acceleration, (not just the fact that SPARC T4 much faster performing processor than T3) and measure what it is for their application. With SPARC T2/T3 we could easily disable the hardware crypto offload by running 'cryptoadm disable provider=n2cp/0'.  We can't do that with SPARC T4 or with Intel AES-NI because in both of those classes of processor the encryption doesn't require a device driver instead it is unprivileged user land callable instructions. Turns out there is away to do this by using features of the Solaris runtime loader (ld.so.1). First I need to expose a little bit of implementation detail about how the Solaris Cryptographic Framework is implemented in Solaris 11.  One of the new Solaris 11 features of the linker/loader is the ability to have a single ELF object that has multiple different implementations of the same functions that are selected at runtime based on the capabilities of the machine.  The alternate to this is having the application coded to call getisax() and make the choice itself.  We use this functionality of the linker/loader when we build the userland libraries for the Solaris Cryptographic Framework (specifically libmd.so, and the unfortunately misnamed due to historical reasons libsoftcrypto.so) The Solaris linker/loader allows control of a lot of its functionality via environment variables, we can use that to control the version of the cryptographic functions we run.  To do this we simply export the LD_HWCAP environment variable with values that tell ld.so.1 to not select the HWCAP section matching certain features even if isainfo says they are present.  For SPARC T4 that would be: export LD_HWCAP="-aes -des -md5 -sha256 -sha512 -mont -mpul" and for Intel systems with AES-NI support: export LD_HWCAP="-aes" This will work for consumers of the Solaris Cryptographic Framework that use the Solaris PKCS#11 libraries or use libmd.so interfaces directly.  It also works for the Oracle DB and Java JCE.  However does not work for the default enabled OpenSSL "t4" or "aes-ni" engines (unfortunately) because they do explicit calls to getisax() themselves rather than using multiple ELF cap sections. However we can still use OpenSSL to demonstrate this by explicitly selecting "pkcs11" engine  using only a single process and thread.  $ openssl speed -engine pkcs11 -evp aes-128-cbc ... type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes aes-128-cbc 54170.81k 187416.00k 489725.70k 805445.63k 1018880.00k $ LD_HWCAP="-aes" openssl speed -engine pkcs11 -evp aes-128-cbc ... type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes aes-128-cbc 29376.37k 58328.13k 79031.55k 86738.26k 89191.77k We can clearly see the difference this makes in the case where AES offload to the SPARC T4 was disabled. The "t4" engine is faster than the pkcs11 one because there is less overhead (again on a SPARC T4-1 using only a single process/thread - using -multi you will get even bigger numbers). $ openssl speed -evp aes-128-cbc ... type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes aes-128-cbc 85526.61k 89298.84k 91970.30k 92662.78k 92842.67k Yet another cool feature of the Solaris linker/loader, thanks Rod and Ali. Note these above openssl speed output is not intended to show the actual performance of any particular benchmark just that there is a significant improvement from using hardware acceleration on SPARC T4. For cryptographic performance benchmarks see the http://blogs.oracle.com/BestPerf/ postings.

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• Apache Error Log - "Web Path" instead of Filesystem Path

  - by Craconia

  Hello everyone, I'm running Apache on Linux and I'm using OpenSSH to provide SFTP access to some customers so they can upload their pages and also look at their respective site logs (access & error). I'm using the new feature in OpenSSH to chroot their SFTP access and so far so good. My problem is that on the error_log, every reference for "File not found..." is given using the OS filesystem path as opposed to the "Web" path. I'd rather have the web path on the error log in order not to reveal the OS path. Since I'm already chrooting the users, I don't want to reveal WHERE on the OS their files are actually located... Is it possible to change this behaviour via any directive? I tried looking for it but couldn't find anything :( Thanks, Craconia

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• Force local IP traffic to an external interface

  - by calandoa

  I have a machine with several interfaces that I can configure as I want, for instance: eth1: 192.168.1.1 eth2: 192.168.2.2 I would like to be able to forward all the traffic to one of these local address trhough the other interface. For instance, all requests to an iperf, ftp, http server at 192.168.1.1 are not just routed internally, but forwarded through eth2 (and the external network will take care of re-routing the packet to eth1). I tried and looked at several commands, like iptables, ip route, etc... but nothing worked. The closest behavior I could get was done with: ip route change to 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth2 which send all 192.168.1.x on eth2, except for 192.168.1.1 which is still routed internally. The goal of this setup is to do interface driver testing without using two PCs. I am using Linux, but if you know how to do that with Windows, I'll buy it!

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• nc or socat: How to read data from remote:/dev/ttyACM0 ?

  - by AndreasT

  I have a device running at a remote computer on /dev/ttyACM0 Now I want to read that data on my computer. I can connect to it over ssh. Unfortunately I am a nc/socat rookie and no howto covered this. Semantically like this: cat remote:/dev/ttyACM0 The remote system has a limited linux on it, and I can't install packages. (socat is not available there, nc is) Super cool would be to have some forwarded device: local:/dev/ttySOCK0 pointing to remote:/dev/ttyACM0 Thanks for any help.

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• Logrotate Successful, original file goes back to original size

  - by drewrockshard

  Has anyone had any issues with logrotate before that causes a log file to get rotated and then go back to the same size it originally was? Here's my findings: Logrotate Script: /var/log/mylogfile.log { rotate 7 daily compress olddir /log_archives missingok notifempty copytruncate } Verbose Output of Logrotate: copying /var/log/mylogfile.log to /log_archives/mylogfile.log.1 truncating /var/log/mylogfile.log compressing log with: /bin/gzip removing old log /log_archives/mylogfile.log.8.gz Log file after truncate happens [root@server ~]# ls -lh /var/log/mylogfile.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 part1 part1 0 Jan 11 17:32 /var/log/mylogfile.log Literally Seconds Later: [root@server ~]# ls -lh /var/log/mylogfile.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 part1 part1 3.5G Jan 11 17:32 /var/log/mylogfile.log RHEL Version: [root@server ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 4 (Nahant Update 4) Logrotate Version: [root@DAA21529WWW370 ~]# rpm -qa | grep logrotate logrotate-3.7.1-10.RHEL4 Few Notes: Service can't be restarted on the fly, so that's why I'm using copytruncate Logs are rotating every night, according to the olddir directory having log files in it from each night.

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• 403 Forbidden when trying to download file that was uploaded using SSH

  - by Simon Hartcher

  I have FTP access to an Apache server on linux to upload files so that they can be downloadable from the web. I recently was granted SSH access for extra permissions and figured that it would be quicker to download the files directly to the server, instead of downloading them to my machine then FTPing to the server. When I downloaded a file using SSH to the server, and then placed it in the public_html directory, it was not visible from the web. The permissions (from SSH and the FTP client) were the same as all the other files that are visible, but it was not visible in the directory listing, and if I tried to type in the filename into my browser I would get a 403 error. Obviously, when I FTP a file to the server something else happens that makes it web visible, that I am not currently privy to. What am I missing that is causing the file to be invisible from the web?

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• Is there a path from OpenSCAD to WebGL?

  - by Andrew Domaszek

  tl;dr version, Does a software path exist to convert from openscad input to render on a website via webgl? What I'm trying to do is display OpenSCAD created designs uploaded via post on a LEMPy driven website; this is currently done by outputting to a static png image. I would like to render one of openscad's export formats(wikibooks) and convert for display in javascript/webgl through some software path available via linux batch. CPU and RAM are relatively unconstrained but no GPU available. I've looked into CopperLeicht, but it requires CopperCube output which would require windows or wine. FOSS is preferred but not required. edit: I found three.js has converters for fbx, dae, obj, and 3ds formats which might be helpful as one of the last steps.

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• How to make PuTTY X11 forwarding work in a screen session?

  - by Alex Howell

  I'm using PuTTY with X11 forwarding enabled, using Xming as my X server on Windows 7. When I SSH to a Linux host, X11 forwarding works fine. If I start a "screen" screen manager session, it still works fine. If I disconnect from the screen session, then later resume in a different PuTTY window using "screen -rd", X11 forwarding doesn't work any more - I get an error: xterm X connection to localhost:11.0 broken (explicit kill or server shutdown). This seems to be because $DISPLAY is different in each PuTTY SSH session (localhost:11.0 in the first session, then localhost:12.0 in the next, and so on). If I manually set $DISPLAY to localhost:12.0 in the screen session, X11 forwarding works again. Is there a way to automatically set $DISPLAY in the screen session, each time it's resumed, so that it always matches the parent PuTTY session's?

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• Any way to know if two ip address points to the same machine?

  - by Vivek V K

  Is there anyway to find if two different IP address in two different network actually points to the same physical device? I need it in Linux. Edit - I have the same server(a raspberry pi) connected via 2 intranets to my client. I don't know the IP address of the server as it is DHCP. The crude way to do is to reach the raspberry pi from one intranet and check with ifconfig to find the ipadress of the machine in the other Intranet. I want to know if there is any other way I can do it? I know the mac address of the machine.But I don't know how do I find the Ipadress based on the mac address.

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• How can I setup my local Nginx server so I can edit the files?

  - by Shane Grant

  I have my local development machine running Arch Linux, Nginx, PHP-FPM and MySQL. In order for the websites I am working on to run the files need to be owned by the http user. The files are currently located in folders like this: /srv/http/site1/ /srv/http/site2/ When I use the following chown command on the http folder the sites work fine, but I cannot edit the files with my user: chown -R http.users /srv/http When I do this the sites do not work, but I can edit the files: chown -R shane.http /srv/http How can I make it so that my user can edit the files, and the web server can run them at the same time? Thank you

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• Ubuntu 10.4 Lucid Server Minimal Install: Slow terminal scrolling

  - by noname

  I have a minimal install of Ubuntu 10.4 Server for testing and learning purposes. There is a very annoying occurrance: whenever I try to "man dpkg" or any command that load a few screens length of text (eg. "ls -al") the redraw speed of the console is just way too slow. I can see how each new line causes the whole screen to redraw. Note: that this doesn't happen inside X. No gui is installed. I have been experimenting with adding vesafb to the grub line as some guides suggested, but no speedups happened. You might be able to reproduce this behaviour on your linux system by switching to terminal using CTRL+ALT+F1. Is there any way to speed scrolling up?

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• Plesk directory structure problems

  - by johnnietheblack

  I have an entire website with the following directory structure: /example.com /html (public) /css /js index.php /lib session.php other_lib_files.php /views index.php /models /controllers As illustrated, the html is public, and anything above it is private. My site now needs to upgrade servers, and the new server (Linux w/ Plesk) has the following structure (reduced to the problematic parts below): /myplesksite.com /httpdocs /css /js index.php /private /lib /models /views What I would THINK is that I should be able to put my /lib, /views, /models, etc in the directory directly above /httpdocs, the same way I had it in my previous server. Is that possible? Or do I have to put it in private? I would really love not to have to adjust my internal paths throughout the site if not necessary...

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