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  • Why is sqrt() not a method on Float?

    - by KaptajnKold
    In Ruby everything is an object. That's why I don't understand why we have the Math module. It seems to me that most (all?) of the functions in the Math module should have been methods on the numeric types like Integer, Float and so on. E.g. instead of Math.sqrt(5) it would make more sense to have 5.sqrt The same goes for sin, cos, tan, log10 and so on. Does anyone know why all these functions ended up in the Math module?

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  • Cannot redeclare class but there are no other classes with that name

    - by hsz
    Hello ! I am working right now with Zend Framework and I've created a Model_User_Row in app\models\User\Row.php. When I try to create an instance of that class in IndexController I get an error: Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class Model_User_Row in F:\Projekty\www\inz\app\models\User\Row.php on line 14 14th line is a close brace. <?php class Model_User_Row extends Zend_Db_Table_Row { /** * @return array */ public function toArray() { $res = parent::toArray(); unset($res['password']); return $res; } } // #14 In my project I have no other class called Model_User_Row. I am a bit confused - how to debug this case ?

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  • Dependency Injection & Singleton Design pattern

    - by SysAdmin
    How do we identify when to use dependency injection or singleton pattern. I have read in lot of websites where they say "Use Dependency injection over singleton pattern". But I am not sure if I totally agree with them. For my small or medium scale projects I definitely see the use of singleton pattern straightforward. For example Logger. I could use Logger.GetInstance().Log(...) But, instead of this, why do I need to inject every class I create, with the logger's instance?.

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  • Exporting to CSV with dynamic field type handling

    - by serhio
    I have to do an export from DB to CSV. field; fileld; field... etc Have 3 types of fields: Alpha, Numeric and Bool respresented as "alphaValue",intValue and True/False. I try to encapsulate this in a fields collection, in order to export if alpha then set "", if Bool=True/False if numeric let as is. and try to build a CsvField class: Public Structure?Class CsvField(Of T As ???) End Structure Enum FieldType Alpha Bool Numeric End Enum any suggestions welcomed.

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  • Flash AS3: automate property assignment to new instance from arguments in constructor

    - by matt lohkamp
    I like finding out about tricky new ways to do things. Let's say you've got a class with a property that gets set to the value of an argument in the constructor, like so: package{ public class SomeClass{ private var someProperty:*; public function SomeClass(_someProperty:*):void{ someProperty = _someProperty; } } } That's not exactly a hassle. But imagine you've got... I don't know, five properties. Ten properties, maybe. Rather then writing out each individual assignment, line by line, isn't there a way to loop through the constructor's arguments and set the value of each corresponding property on the new instance accordingly? I don't think that the ...rest or arguments objects will work, since they only keep an enumerated list of the arguments, not the argument names - I'm thinking something like this would be better: for(var propertyName:String in argsAsAssocArray){this[propertyName] = argsAsAssocArray[propertyName];} ... does something like this exist?

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  • Address calling class

    - by Samuel
    I have an abstract class Moveable with the method abstract void move() which is extended by the class Bullet and the abstract class Character, and Character is extended by the class Survivor and the class Zombie. In Survivor and Bullet the move() method doesnt require any parameters while in the class Zombie the move() method depends on the actual position of the survivor. The survivor and multiple zombies are created in the class Gui. I wanted to access the survivor in Zombie - what's the best way of doing this? In Gui i wrote a method getSurvivor() but i don't see how to access this method in Zombie? I am aware that as a workaround i could just pass a [Survivor survivor] as parameter in move() and ignore it in Bullet and Survivor, but that feels so ... bad practice.

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  • Where can i find exercises for familiarising OOPS

    - by CrazyBoy123
    Now that i have learned the theory of OOPS in good number of books , and practised a little. Still i am not comfortable when i look into OOPS being applied in some of the Open Source projs. Can someone suggest any problem / solution kind of book , or any resources , that covers OOPS end - end. (C# , Java preferably)

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  • Data Application based on OO Concepts

    - by The King
    Hi... I'm looking for an application developed in C# with following qualities, which is available as source code... Based on OO Architecture Must connect to DB. Must handle atleast a "one to many master child" relationship (eg: Order and items ordered) Should display the data using Datagrid or other similar controls. Reports (either with report buider or otherwise) I want to understand the layering of objects better... Do you have any links... Thanks.

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  • Delegation, is this just opinionated or is there a common pattern?

    - by user1446714
    If I have a java class containing substantial code and I wish to add extra features, am I right in thinking the delegate class would have the additional features added as methods. Then my original class would create the delegate object and just call the extra functionality via the delegate instance? I am being told by somebody else that my original class should become the delegate and that the class containing the new functionality should contain an instance of the original class, to use as a delegate? This seemed a little backward to me, because there would be far more delegate calls because most of the code is now in the delegate.... I was always under the impression the delegate object would contain the additional new behaviour and an instance of it would be in the original class to inboke the new behaviour from?

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  • Lambda Functions in PHP aren't Logical

    - by Chacha102
    Note: I have condensed this article into my person wiki: http://wiki.chacha102.com/Lambda - Enjoy I am having some troubles with Lambda style functions in PHP. First, This Works: $foo = function(){ echo "bar"; }; $foo(); Second, This Works: class Bar{ public function foo(){ echo "Bar"; } Third, This works: $foo = new stdClass; $foo->bar = function(){ echo "bar"; }; $test = $foo->bar; $test(); But, this does not work: $foo = new stdClass; $foo->bar = function(){ echo "bar"; }; $foo->bar(); And, this does not work class Bar{ public function foo(){ echo "Bar"; } $foo = new Bar; $foo->foo = function(){ echo "foo"; }; $foo->foo(); // echo's bar instead of Foo. My Question is Why?, and how can I assure that both this: $foo->bar = function(){ echo "test"; }; $foo->bar(); and this $foo = new Bar; $foo->bar(); are called properly? Extra Points if you can point to documentation stating why this problem occurs.

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  • What happens to a class in PHP once its been instantiated?

    - by Caylem
    Hi I'm just playing around with some PHP and was wondering what happens when an object from a class is created within another PHP script? I assume once its created and been processed their is no way of then going back and 'playing' around with it from another script? The idea is i'm trying to create a kind of deck of cards using a card class, each card has specific data that is added to each individual object to make it unique, suit, value etc. Once its created i need to be able to go back to specific cards to use them. In java i'd have an arraylist of card objects, i'm not sure how to approach the same area in PHP. Thanks.

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  • design patterns for hierarchical structures

    - by JLBarros
    Anyone knows some design patterns for hierarchical structures? For example, to manage inventory categories, accounting chart of accounts, divisions of human resources, etc.. Thank you very much in advance EDIT: Thanks for your interest. I am looking for a better way of dealing with hierarchical items to which they should apply operations depending on the level of hierarchy. I have been studying the patterns by Martin Fowler, for example Accounting, but I wonder if there are other more generic. The problem is that operations apply to the items must be possible to change even at run time and may depend on other external variables. I thought of a kind of strategy pattern but would like to combine it with the fact that it is a hierarchical scheme. I would appreciate any reference to hierarchical patterns and you'll take care of them in depth.

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  • How can one describe a rock-paper-scissors relationship between 3 items?

    - by Madara Uchiha
    Let's say I have the following structure: abstract class Hand {} class Rock extends Hand {} class Paper extends Hand {} class Scissors extends Hand {} The goal is to make a function (or a method) Hand::compareHands(Hand $hand1, Hand $hand2), which would return the winning hand in a rock-paper-scissors match. That would be very easy with a bunch of ifs, but the point is to have a more robust structure, that's relying on polymorphism rather than on procedural code. P.S. this is done in actual production code, if someone is asking. This isn't some sort of challenge or homework. (It's not really rock-paper-scissors, but you get the point).

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  • Help dealing with data dependency between two registration forms

    - by franko75
    I have a tricky issue here with a registration of both a user and his/her pet. Both the user and the pet are treated as separate entities and both require separate registration forms. However, the user's pet has to be linked to the user via a foreign key in the database. The process is basically that when a new user joins the site, firstly they register their pet, then they register themselves. The reason for this order is to check their pet's eligibility for the site (there are some criteria to be met) first, instead of getting the user to sign up only to then find out their pet is ineligible. It is this ordering of the form submissions which is causing me a bit of a headache, as follows... The site is being developed with an MVC framework, and the User registration process is managed via a method in a User_form controller, while the pet registration process is managed via a method in the Pet_form controller. The pet registration form happens first, and the pet data can be saved without the owner_id at this stage, with the user id possibly being added (e.g by retrieving pet's id from session) following user registration. However, doing it this way could potentially result in redundant data, where pet records would be created in the database, but if the user doesn't actually register themselves too, then the pets will be ownerless records in the DB. Other option is to serialize the new pet's data at the pet registration stage, don't save it to the DB until the user fills out their registration form. Once the user is created, i can pass serialised data AND the owner_id to a method in the Pet Model which can update the DB. However, I also need to set the newly created $pet to $this-pet which I then access for a sequence of other related forms. Should I just set the session variable in the model method? Then in the Pet controller constructor, do a check for pet stored in session, if yes, assign to $this-pet... If this makes any sense to anybody and you have some advice, i'd be grateful to hear it!

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  • Abstract Classes and ReadOnly Properties

    - by serhio
    Let's have three classes; Line PoliLine SuperPoliLine for all that three classes a Distance is defined. But only for the Line a Distance can be Set. Is there a possibility to build a common abstract (MustInherit) class Segment, having a Distance as (abstract +? ReadOnly) member? Question for VB.NET, but C# answers welcomed too. Business Background Imagine a Bus. It has a lot of Stations, MainStations, and 2 TerminalStations. So Line is between 2 Stations, PoliLine is between 2 MainStations, and SuperPoliLine is between 2 TerminalStations. All "lines" are "Segments", but only the distance A-B between 2 stations - Line can be defined.

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  • How can I sync three classes?

    - by TheMachineCharmer
    class Foo { Bar b; List<Foo> Neighbours; } class Bar { Spam s; List<Bar> Neighbours; } class Spam { List<string> Neighbours; } Each of these classes have AddNeighbour,RemoveNeighbour methods. User can add/remove Neighbours from any of the class at random. I want these three objects to be in sync. How can I do this?

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  • java protected method accessibility

    - by JavaUser
    In the below code the Consumer class can access the protected method of Parent class.How is it possible since there is no relation between Parent and Consumer class.Please explain class Parent { public void method1(){ System.out.println("PUBLIC METHOD"); } private void method2(){ System.out.println("PRIVATE METHOD"); } protected void method3(){ System.out.println("PROTECTED METHOD"); } } public class Consumer { public static void main(String[] args){ Parent parentObj = new Parent(); parentObj.method1(); //parentObj.method2(); parentObj.method3(); } } Thanks

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  • Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor?

    - by deamon
    Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor? Passing configuration to the __init__ method which calls register implicitely: class Base: def __init__(self, *verbs=("get", "post")): self._register(verbs) def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): super().__init__("get", "post", "put") Or calling register explicitely in the subclass' __init__ method: class Base: def __init__(self): self._register("get", "post") def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): _register("get", "post", "put") What is better or more pythonic? Or is it only a matter of taste?

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  • Cannot extend a class located in another file, PHP

    - by NightMICU
    I am trying to set up a class with commonly used tasks, such as preparing strings for input into a database and creating a PDO object. I would like to include this file in other class files and extend those classes to use the common class' code. However, when I place the common class in its own file and include it in the class it will be used in, I receive an error that states the second class cannot be found. For example, if the class name is foo and it is extending bar (the common class, located elsewhere), the error says that foo cannot be found. But if I place the code for class bar in the same file as foo, it works. Here are the classes in question - Common Class abstract class coreFunctions { protected $contentDB; public function __construct() { $this->contentDB = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=db', 'username', 'password'); } public function cleanStr($string) { $cleansed = trim($string); $cleansed = stripslashes($cleansed); $cleansed = strip_tags($cleansed); return $cleansed; } } Code from individual class include $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/includes/class.core-functions.php'; $mode = $_POST['mode']; if (isset($mode)) { $gallery = new gallery; switch ($mode) { case 'addAlbum': $gallery->addAlbum($_POST['hash'], $_POST['title'], $_POST['description']); } } class gallery extends coreFunctions { private function directoryPath($string) { $path = trim($string); $path = strtolower($path); $path = preg_replace('/[^ \pL \pN]/', '', $path); $path = preg_replace('[\s+]', '', $path); $path = substr($path, 0, 18); return $path; } public function addAlbum($hash, $title, $description) { $title = $this->cleanStr($title); $description = $this->cleanStr($description); $path = $this->directoryPath($title); if ($title && $description && $hash) { $addAlbum = $this->contentDB->prepare("INSERT INTO gallery_albums (albumHash, albumTitle, albumDescription, albumPath) VALUES (:hash, :title, :description, :path)"); $addAlbum->execute(array('hash' => $hash, 'title' => $title, 'description' => $description, 'path' => $path)); } } } The error when I try it this way is Fatal error: Class 'gallery' not found in /home/opheliad/public_html/admin/photo-gallery/includes/class.admin_photo-gallery.php on line 10

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  • php require class call from inside method

    - by jera
    from my understanding, require pastes code into the calling php file. what if you were requiring from inside a method...it would paste the entire code/class inside the method, blocking the next statement in the method. eg. function test() { require 'pathtosomeclasscode'; somestatement; // any code after the require is blocked. } how do i get around this, to be able to require code where-ever, without it being pasted in that exact spot? Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Object Design catalog and resources

    - by Tauren
    I'm looking for web sites, books, or other resources that provide a catalog of object designs used in common scenarios. I'm not looking for generic design patterns, but for samples of actual object designs that were used to solve real problems. For instance, I'm about to build an internal messaging system for a web application, similar to Facebook's messaging system. This system will allow administrators to send messages to all members, to selected groups of members, or to individuals. Members can send messages to other members or groups of members. Fairly common stuff and a feature that I'm sure thousands of web applications require. I know each situation is different and there are a million ways to design this solution. Although this scenario isn't really all that complex, I'm sure the basic design of the necessary objects and relationships for a system like this has already been done many times. It would be nice to review other similar designs before building my own. Is there a place where people can share their designs and others can browse/search through the catalog to review and provide feedback on them? StackOverflow could be used to a degree for this, but doesn't really provide a catalog of designs. Any other resources that would relate?

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  • Objects instead of global variables in Perl

    - by Gaurav Dadhania
    I don't know if this is the right thing to do. But I'm lookig for tutorials/articles on using objects instead of global variables to store state. For eg. package something # some code here... # that generates errors and uses # something::errors to track errors. package something::errors sub new { my ($this) = @_; bless $this; return $this; } sub setErrors{ my ($this, @errors) = @_; $this->{errors} = \@errors; } sub getErrors{ my ($this) = @_; return $this->{errors}; } Is this better than using global varibles? Any down-sides to this? Any approach which might be better? Thanks.

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  • can I put my sqlite connection and cursor in a function?

    - by steini
    I was thinking I'd try to make my sqlite db connection a function instead of copy/pasting the ~6 lines needed to connect and execute a query all over the place. I'd like to make it versatile so I can use the same function for create/select/insert/etc... Below is what I have tried. The 'INSERT' and 'CREATE TABLE' queries are working, but if I do a 'SELECT' query, how can I work with the values it fetches outside of the function? Usually I'd like to print the values it fetches and also do other things with them. When I do it like below I get an error Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\steini\Desktop\py\database\test3.py", line 15, in <module> for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): ProgrammingError: Cannot operate on a closed database. So I guess the connection needs to be open so I can get the values from the cursor, but I need to close it so the file isn't always locked. Here's my testing code: import sqlite3 def connection (db, arg): conn = sqlite3.connect(db) conn.execute('pragma foreign_keys = on') cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute(arg) conn.commit() conn.close() return cur connection('testdb.db', "create table users ('user', 'email')") connection('testdb.db', "insert into users ('user', 'email') values ('joey', 'foo@bar')") for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): print row How can I make this work?

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