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• USB ports causing Wireless and Mobile Phone tethering drop out

  - by chrolli

  I have a problem with my USB ports and I can't seem to pinpoint the problem. I'm hoping that I can get some idea as to how to troubleshoot my problem. Problem description: I recently bought a USB Wireless Adapter in order to connect my Desktop PC to the WLAN. The dongle keeps dropping off connection regularly on average once a minute. And the connection is slow. What I've tried: I installed a network scanner to determine signal strength. The PC/adapter combo is getting about 70% signal strength. I have a laptop that has an internal Wireless adapter. I moved the laptop near the location of the PC. The signal strength was above 90%. I installed the USB adapter on the laptop. I placed the laptop near the location of the PC. The signal strength was above 80%. And there is no drop out issue. I've isolated the problem to be on the PC. I used internet tethering on my mobile phone in order to test the USB ports. I get the same problem, themobile phone keeps dropping in and out. I plugged the adapter and phone on all USB ports, and it is still dropping out on all ports. I've isolated the problem to be the Motherboard, USB hub. I updated the BIOS, and USB driver. Still dropping out. I noticed that when I used the mobile phone tethering method, the phone (iphone 5) is guarenteed to drop out and does not appear to charge if I jiggle the the 8-pin connector on the base of the phone. If I push the pin tightly on the phone, the phone starts charging, as soon as I let go, it stops and drops out from the PC. This is strange because this doesn't happen when it is plugged to the powerboard. Which means that the 8 pin connector is fine. I'm not sure what the problem is. I assume that it is to do with the USB ports not supplying enough power which in turn causes the devices to intermittently drop out. The reason I say this is because the USB cable works fine when plugged into a powerboard with enough power supplied to the phone. Only when it is plugged into the USB port on the PC, does it drop out. My motherboard is Asus P8z68-v le. My Wireless adapter is the D-link DWA131. I can't seem to find any settings in the BIOS to increase the south bridge voltage so as to supply more power to the USB ports. Although this problem only occurs when I'm trying to hook up to a device supplying internet connection. My USB HDD, Flash drives, and Mouse and Key are working fine! Any suggestions please?

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• Multicast doesn't seem to be working on RHEL 5.5

  - by NullUser

  I'm trying to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure on two machines. Their documentation states You must enable multicasting for the cluster on the IP address subnet ranges 224.0.0.0/24 and 230.0.1.0/24 So I ran: route add -net 224.0.0.0/24 dev eth2 route add -net 230.0.1.0/24 dev eth2 route -n produces: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 230.0.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 224.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 # and others An ifconfig eth2 shows, among other things, UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST. However, when I run their multicast test utility, it fails me: Test for Multicast address 230.0.1.0 Sep 3 19:40:39 | Multicast Failed for eth2 using address 230.0.1.0:42000 Test for Multicast address 224.0.0.251 Sep 3 19:41:10 | Multicast Failed for eth2 using address 224.0.0.251:42001 What am I doing wrong?

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• PCI Express x4 network card into PCI-Express x16 slot?

  - by Gallus

  Is it possible to plug in PCIe x4 NIC into PCIe x16 slot?

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• Calculating Utilization in a Stop-And-Wait Protocol

  - by AlanTuring

  So theres this question in my book and it doesn't state exactly how to go about actually calculating utilization anywhere, and i'm not being able to find any substantial information regarding everything i need to solve this question.(My mid term is next week). Anyway, here's the question: The distance from earth to a distant planet is approximately 9 × 10^10 m. What is the channel utilization if a stop-and-wait protocol is used for frame transmission on a 64 Mbps point-to-point link? Assume that the frame size is 32 KB and the speed of light is 3 × 10^8 m/s. Suppose a sliding window protocol is used instead. For what send window size will the link utilization be 100%? You may ignore the protocol processing times at the sender and the receiver. thanks to anyone who has any idea.

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• Why do the IP addresses randomly change?

  - by GiddyUpHorsey

  I have a network with the following: Cable modem with static IP address Router Desktop - Win 7 VM Host - VMware ESXi 4.0 A couple of VM Guests - Windows Every now and then my Win 7 PC is unable to access some of the VMs. When I ping the VMs by their domain name their IP address shows up as the IP address of the cable modem. Sometimes I can fix it by running ipconfig /flushdns. The IP address will reset back to what it was supposed to be, but occasionally it wont work. Why does this happen and how can I fix it?

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• Is there any reason to subnet a home network?

  - by Will

  For networks I understand we set a netmask on each computer to let it know what IPs it can talk to without going through the router - IPs on the same subnet can talk directly to each other and do not have to go through a router/switch. However, in today's home networks (and I suspect corporate networks as well) every computer is connected to a router/switch (at the low cost of today's hardware I doubt there it much of a market for wired repeaters/hubs). This seems to obviate the need for a subnet mask and subnetting. Considering that in most modern home architectures every computer goes through the router, even to talk to computers on the same network, is there any reason for me to subnet a home network?

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• No Outbound Internet on Windows Home Server

  - by Kyle B.

  Could someone provide some steps for me to check my internet connection on my Windows Home Server? It seems to have intermittent connectivity issues and I am unsure of how to diagnose the problem because it is a headless (no monitor, no keyboard) machine so the only way to get to the device is via remote desktop (which works fine). When connected to the machine, it doesn't pull up any microsoft.com sites and some other sites it does pull up (i.e. gmail.com) and some it doesn't (stackoverflow.com). To make matters more complicated, it has worked intermittently in the past for reasons unknown. Are there tools I can use to properly diagnose the reason for the connection failure? I can ping 127.0.0.1 just fine, I have internet working on my other router-connected machines, so I'm not sure why this one would fail. Any suggestions would be much appreciated and up-voted :) ** edit - thanks for suggestions guys, I'm going to try these tonight and will update my post. ** edit #2 - I hoping this is a more permanant fix, but I have both changed my port on the router as well as restarted the router at the same time. The internet (for the moment) appears to be working. I will be sure to try everything we have discussed should this problem persist. Thanks, Kyle

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• How can I track down what part of pfsense is blocking website access?

  - by Chase Florell

  I've got a PFSense firewall/gateway on our network. Everything works great except for the fact that I cannot access one specific website. Pfsense is running the following packages Country Block LightSquid nmap notes squid squidGuard Strikeback I can access every single website I've ever tried aside from one that we need for business use (http://bridalnetwork.ca) here's the traceroute frodo:~ chase$ traceroute bridalnetwork.ca traceroute to bridalnetwork.ca (192.197.103.73), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets 1 rohan (192.168.5.1) 6.618 ms 1.662 ms 9.207 ms 2 * * * 3 * * rohan (192.168.5.1) 7.225 ms !H 4 rohan (192.168.5.1) 5.314 ms !H 5.701 ms !H 7.573 ms !H frodo:~ chase$ How can I figure out what the reason behind the blockage is? note: this has been tested on every computer on the network with the same results. ps: the pfsense box is 'rohan' (192.168.5.1) Here's what I get with Squid enabled and here's what I get with Squid disabled

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• Routing internet through ethernet to a computer without a Wireless adapter

  - by Decency

  I'm setting up a small home network. I have a laptop which connects to internet wirelessly- that works fine. I have a desktop connected to this laptop by an ethernet cable which I'd like to access the internet with. In the past, I have used a different laptop to do this and had no problems doing so. Both computers run Windows 7. I have tried setting up a homegroup and disabling Windows firewall, as well as restarting both computers. I can share data but my internet connection can not be accessed through the desktop. (I understand USB network adapters are cheap, I have one on the way but that doesn't solve this issue.) Any help or live chat support if you'd prefer would be appreciated. Thanks!

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• Iomega Home Media Network Hard Drive: Accesing the data in the disk?

  - by JJarava

  Hi all! I have an Iomega Home Media Network Hard Drive, 1TB, and lately I can't access the data on the drive. The shares (both built-in and created by me) are there, the security works, but when trying to access the data I get a "The network path was not found" message which is worrying, to say the least. I'd like to know if there is a way to get the data off the disks somehow, as some of the data in the drive (ie, pictures and videos of my 1.5 yrs old son) is hard if not impossible to find otherwise. Thanks a lot Javier

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• Windows 7 and Vista Home Networked-Unable to login from Vista to Windows 7

  - by Lynn

  I set up both Vista and Windows 7 on the same workgroup. I can view Windows 7 from Vista and vice versa. I can login into Vista from Windows 7. I am unable to login to Windows 7 from Vista. When I enter the Windows 7 User name and Password on Vista, the following information appears: Logon unsuccessful: Windows is unable to log you on. Be sure that your user name and password are correct. Both are correct. Do you have any idea how I can resolve this logon issue? Thank you, Lynn

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• Constructing radiotap header and ieee80211 header structures for packet injection

  - by hektor

  I am trying to communicate between two laptop machines using Wifi. The structure of the radiotap header and ieee80211 header I am using is: struct ieee80211_radiotap_header { unsigned char it_version; uint16_t it_len; uint32_t it_present; }; /* Structure for 80211 header */ struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr { uint16_t frame_ctl[2]; uint16_t duration_id; unsigned char addr1[ETH_ALEN]; unsigned char addr2[ETH_ALEN]; unsigned char addr3[ETH_ALEN]; uint16_t seq_ctl; }; struct packet { struct ieee80211_radiotap_header rtap_header; struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr iee802_header; unsigned char payload[30]; }; /* In main program */ struct packet mypacket; struct ieee80211_radiotap_header ratap_header; struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr iee802_header; unsigned char addr1[ETH_ALEN] = {0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF}; /* broadcast address */ unsigned char addr2[ETH_ALEN] = {0x28,0xcf,0xda,0xde,0xd3,0xcc}; /* mac address of network card */ unsigned char addr3[ETH_ALEN] = {0xd8,0xc7,0xc8,0xd7,0x9f,0x21}; /* mac address of access point i am trying to connect to */ /* Radio tap header data */ ratap_header.it_version = 0x00; ratap_header.it_len = 0x07; ratap_header.it_present = (1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE); mypacket.rtap_header = ratap_header; /* ieee80211 header data */ iee802_header.frame_ctl[0] = IEEE80211_FC0_VERSION_0 | IEEE80211_FC0_TYPE_MGT | IEEE80211_FC0_SUBTYPE_BEACON; iee802_header.frame_ctl[1] =IEEE80211_FC1_DIR_NODS; strcpy(iee802_header.addr1,addr1); strcpy(iee802_header.addr2,addr2); strcpy(iee802_header.addr3,addr3); iee802_header.seq_ctl = 0x1086; mypacket.iee802_header=iee802_header; /* Payload */ unsigned char payload[PACKET_LENGTH]="temp"; strcpy(mypacket.payload , payload); I am able to receive the packets when I test the transmission and reception on the same laptop. However I am not able to receive the packet transmitted on a different laptop. Wireshark does not show the packet as well. Can anyone point out the mistake I am making?

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• Does VPN connection on virtual machine bypass host VPN?

  - by Daniel Valland Torgrimsen

  I wanted to see if i could channel my traffic trough two vpns, so as an experiment i set up a windows xp virtual machine in virtualbox (using NAT shared network setting), connected the host pc(windows 7) to a vpn, and then the virtual machine to another vpn. this seams to work fine. However, my question is, is the traffic sent trough both vpn servers, or is the virtual machines vpn bypassing the host machines vpn connection? thanks.

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• Weird Network Behavior of Home Router

  - by Stilgar

  First of all I would like to apologize because what you are going to read will be long and confusing but I am fighting this issue for 3 days now and am out of ideas. At home I have the following setup 50Mbps Internet connects into a home router A 2 desktop computers connect to router A via standard FTP LAN cables including one where the cable is ~20m long. a second router B connects to router A via standard FTP LAN cable X (~20m long). several devices connect to the wireless network of router B and there are a couple of desktop computers connected to it through FTP LAN cables. For some reason computers connected to router B when it is connected via cable X have very slow Internet connection. It is like 5 times slower than what is expected. This is the actual problem I am trying to solve. Interesting facts If a computer is connected to cable X directly instead of through router B the Internet speed is just fine (up to the 50Mbps I get from the ISP). Tested with two computers. I have tried replacing router B with another router C and the problem persists. If I connect router B via another cable to the same ports with the same settings everything seems to work fine and computers connected to router B have quite fast Internet I have tested mainly via Speedtest.net but I have also achieved similar speeds when downloading a file The upload speed is quite higher than the download speed in all cases. Note that my ISP usually has higher upload speed (unless it manages to hit the 50Mbps cap) It seems like the speed when connecting through router B with cable X is reduced 4-5 times no matter what the original speed is. For example via router B I get 10Mbps speed to local servers where I get 50Mbps when connected on router A. If I use a distant server where the ISP is only able to provide 25Mbps I get 4-5Mbps on router B. WiFi is slower than LAN on both routers (which is normal) but the reduced speed is reduced proportionally for WiFi. In addition the upload speed is normally higher from the ISP and it is also reduced proportionally. I have tried two different network configurations. One where I have NAT behind NAT where router B connects to router A via the WAN port and has its own DHCP. Second where router B connects to router A via standard LAN port and has DHCP disabled. In this configuration router B serves as a switch and the Network Gateway for computers connected to router B is the internal IP address of router A. Both configurations work just fine but both manifest the reduced speed issue. pings seem to work just fine As far as I can tell none of the cables is crossed The RJ45 setup for cable X orange orange-white brown brow-white blue blue-white green green-white This is a big problem for me since cable X passes through walls and floors and is very hard to replace. I also may have gotten some of the facts wrong because I am almost going crazy with this issue and testing includes going several floors up and down the staircase. One hypothesis I came up with is that the cable is defective in such a way that the voltage from the router affects its performance. When it is connected to a computer it performs just fine but the router has less power. Related hypothesis includes the cable being affected by electricity cables in the walls when the voltage is low. (I know nothing about electricity) So any ideas what to do, what to test or what the issue may be?

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• Long Gigabit Ethernet Run

  - by Timothy R. Butler

  I am trying to get an Gig-E network between two buildings that are approximately 260 ft. away. While some TRENDnet switches failed to be able to connect to each other over Cat 6 at that distance, two Netgear 5-port Gig-E switches do so just fine. However, it still fails after I put in place APC PNET1GB ethernet surge protectors at each end before the line connects to the respective switches. So I find myself wondering if I simply need to find a better surge protector that doesn't degrade the signal as much (if so, what kind would you recommend?) or if I should give up on copper and use fiber between the buildings. If I opt to go the latter route, I could really use some pointers. It looks like LC connectors are the most common, but I keep running into some others as well. A media converter on each end seems like the simplest solution, but perhaps a Gig-E switch with an SFP port would make more sense? Given a very limited budget, sticking with my existing copper seems best, but if it is bound to be a headache, a 100 meter fiber cable is something I think I can swing cost wise.

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• Slower wireless speed in Ubuntu 12.04 (64-bit) on Asus USB-N13

  - by PhantonTurtle

  I have an Asus USB-N13 which I use for wireless internet on my desktop. The download speed I get on Windows 7 (dual-boot) is 15.22 Mbps. On Ubuntu 12.04 (64-bit) I can only get 1.09 Mbps. I asked a question about this on the Ubuntu forums as well, but I did not get an answer. Here is the output from lsmod | grep rt which gives me, parport_pc 32866 0 rtl8192cu 103297 0 rtl8192c_common 75767 1 rtl8192cu rtlwifi 111202 1 rtl8192cu mac80211 506816 3 rtl8192cu,rtl8192c_common,rtlwifi cfg80211 205544 2 rtlwifi,mac80211 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp I installed the drivers from Realtek (my chipset is Realtek, not Ralink) but that did not work.

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• How can ICS in Windows 7 be managed via command line, scripts, config files, etc.?

  - by Skya

  I've been using ICS successfully for years, but now I'm looking for a way to control it through something else than the GUI in Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network Connections - Connection Properties: I want to do everything that the encircled checkbox does, without touching the GUI. But what does the checkbox do? Microsoft don't provide specific information and the most helpful forum post I've found is from 2003. Assuming that some of the advice is still valid, I've come to the conclusion that ICS is broken down into 6 parts that have to be set up individually: the sharedAccess service interface settings firewall rules a static route dnsproxy autodhcp I've already learned that the service can be started/stopped with the command net start/stop sharedAccess and that netsh is a good tool for changing the interface settings and the firewall rules. But I don't understand how ICS handles routing and DNS. All hosts in my network are configured statically, so I don't care much about autodhcp. Thanks for your help! EDIT: I've spent the whole day scanning through ProcMon and I've seen reads/writes to both the registry and the filesystem and it is difficult to determine what parts of it actually make ICS work. I'm trying to look for an API instead. I'm looking into this right now, but I still want to know more about the inner workings.

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• Server Names Inside Private Network

  - by thyandrecardoso

  Our office has a private network, where any requests on a (pre-determined) public IP are forwarded to a private IP inside said network. On that private IP, we've got a server running several services, including HTTP servers, and SCM systems. We only control our private network, having no control on the public IP configuration. We bought a domain name, and pointed it to that public IP, so people can access our services from the outside. But, when inside the office, people can't use that DNS name, because the server and any other hosts inside the network share the same public IP! For desktops, inside the office network, dealing with names is really easy: one entry on the hosts file and we're done. However, for laptops, that keep going in and out, and need to access services inside the office, the naming is really annoying. I don't know the "standard" process for dealing with these kind of situations. I've considered installing BIND in the office, and make people configure their wireless and wired connections to use that DNS server. What is the correct approach in this situation? If using BIND (or any other DNS server) is the answer, how should I configure it so that people inside the office can use it to get our custom names, and get forwarded to the ISP DNS when trying to reach the internet?

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• Problem with Macbook air automatically not acquiring free wifi network dns or router address

  - by Rumsfeld

  I have this problem when my macbook air sometimes does not connect to free wifi hotspots. When the problem happens and I try to run the diagnostics, it normally gets to yellow network settings tab. It seems that it for some reason does not acquire automatically the router or dns address. Sometimes after I shut it down and restart it magically connects to the wifi hotspot but it is very inconsistent. Anyone knows a fix for this problem?

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• No network connectivity for my CentOS 6 installed in VMWare Fusion in MacOSX Lion

  - by gilzero

  I installed CentOS 6.2 (CentOS-6.2-x86_64-minimal.iso) with VMWare Fusion(Version 4.1.2). (Not with EasyInstall). I am using MacOSX Lion, connect to internet via WIFI. The centos installed does not have network connectivity. *How may I configure it to connect to wifi? * Thanks for any help. Below is screenshot of ifconfig: With the setting Network Adapter, I tried both NAT and Bridged WiFi.

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• Issue with Netgear GS108T Managed Switch and Jumbo Frames

  - by Richie086

  I recently purchased a Netgear GS108T managed switch and I am trying to configure jumbo packets between my NAS (Thecus N4100Pro), PC and managed switch. I should mention the fact that I was able to use jumbo frames between my PC and NAS before I purchased the switch without issue. My Desktop has a wired gigabit NIC (Intel 82579V Gigabit) and has the ability to configure jumbo frames (see pic) that are either 9014 bytes or 4088 bytes. I choose 9014 bytes for the jumbo frame size My NAS supports jumbo frames as well, and is configured to use 9014 as the frame size. When I go into my Netgear managed switch and set the frame size to 9014 on the ports I am using for my PC and NAS. See image As soon as I hit apply in the web interface, I loose my connection to the SMB shares on my NAS and I can no longer connect to the web admin interface for my NAS. The really strange thing is I can ping my NAS via the ping command, but when I try to connect to the web interface on port 80 or port 443 the page never loads. I did a scan from my PC to my NAS using nmap and I can see the following ports open PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http 111/tcp open rpcbind 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 443/tcp open https 445/tcp open microsoft-ds 631/tcp open ipp 2000/tcp open cisco-sccp 2049/tcp open nfs 3260/tcp open iscsi 49152/tcp open unknown MAC Address: 00:14:FD:15:00:44 (Thecus Technology) Read data files from: C:\Program Files (x86)\Nmap Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 211.97 seconds Raw packets sent: 1 (28B) | Rcvd: 1 (28B) Anyone have any idea what is going on here? Why is nmap able to detect the ports are open and listening for http, https and file sharing but I cant connect when all devices have jumbo packets enabled? Stranger still - I did a packet capture using wireshark while the nmap scan was running and filtered so I only saw converstations between my PC and my NAS. Here are the packet details from my scan Only 4 packets over 5k bytes? What is going on here? Do I not need to configure jumbo frame sizes on the switch? I have an internet connection from my pc to the switch to my router - I just cannot connect to my NAS. I just checked on my iPhone and I am able to open my NAS web admin interface without issue on my iPhone! WTF!!!!!! Let me know if you need more details..

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• Internet Sharing via router

  - by mak4pi

  Question: How to setup Internet Sharing among two computers (one Mac 10.5.6, one Ubuntu 9.10) via a router? Situation: The Mac is using AirPort (wireless interface) to connect to router as 192.168.1.101. The Ubuntu is using an ethernet cable to connect to router as 192.168.1.104. Visual: Mac )))))) Router ======= Ubuntu Any ideas are greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• CPU & Memory Usage Log & Performance

  - by wittythotha

  I want to have an idea of the amount of CPU and memory that is being used. I have a website hosted using IIS, and have clients connecting to it. I want to find out the amount of load that the CPU, RAM and the network has when multiple clients connect. I tried out using tools like Fiddler, the inbuilt Resource Manager, and also some other applications I found on the internet. I just want to keep track of all these data in a file, so I can plot out a graph and find out how the CPU, etc. is performing. I read a few other posts, but didn't find anything that solves the problem. Is there good CPU / Memory Logging tool available, just to plot a graph of the usage, etc.? EDIT : I want to know of some tool that can save the performance details in a log file, so that I can use it to plot a graph, etc.

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• Spanning-tree setup with incompatible switches

  - by wfaulk

  I have a set of eight HP ProCurve 2910al-48G Ethernet switches at my datacenter that are set up in a star topology with no physical loops. I want to partially mesh the switches for redundancy and manage the loops with a spanning-tree protocol. However, our connection to the datacenter is provided by two uplinks, each to a Cisco 3750. The datacenter's switches are handling the redundant connection using PVST spanning-tree, which is a Cisco-proprietary spanning-tree implementation that my HP switches do not support. It appears that my switches are not participating in the datacenter's spanning-tree domain, but are blindly passing the BPDUs between the two switchports on my side, which enables the datacenter's switches to recognize the loop and put one of the uplinks into the Blocking state. This is somewhat supposition, but I can confirm that, while my switches say that both of the uplink ports are forwarding, only one is passing any real quantity of data. (I am assuming that I cannot get the datacenter to move away from PVST. I don't know that I'd want them to make that significant of a change anyway.) The datacenter has also sent me this output from their switches (which I have expurgated of any identifiable info): 3750G-1#sh spanning-tree vlan nnn VLAN0nnn Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 10 Address 00d0.0114.xxxx Cost 4 Port 5 (GigabitEthernet1/0/5) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32mmm (priority 32768 sys-id-ext nnn) Address 0018.73d3.yyyy Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Gi1/0/5 Root FWD 4 128.5 P2p Gi1/0/6 Altn BLK 4 128.6 P2p Gi1/0/8 Altn BLK 4 128.8 P2p and: 3750G-2#sh spanning-tree vlan nnn VLAN0nnn Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 10 Address 00d0.0114.xxxx Cost 4 Port 6 (GigabitEthernet1/0/6) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32mmm (priority 32768 sys-id-ext nnn) Address 000f.f71e.zzzz Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Gi1/0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.1 P2p Gi1/0/5 Altn BLK 4 128.5 P2p Gi1/0/6 Root FWD 4 128.6 P2p Gi1/0/8 Desg FWD 4 128.8 P2p The uplinks to my switches are on Gi1/0/8 on both of their switches. The uplink ports are configured with a single tagged VLAN. I am also using a number of other tagged VLANs in my switch infrastructure. And, to be clear, I am passing the tagged VLAN I'm receiving from the datacenter to other ports on other switches in my infrastructure. My question is: how do I configure my switches so that I can use a spanning tree protocol inside my switch infrastructure without breaking the datacenter's spanning tree that I cannot participate in?

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• allow SSH to bypass VPN on OSX mavericks, openvpn, pf

  - by zycho42

  My home computer connects to the internet through an OpenVPN connection. However, I would like to be able to connect to my home computer from outside over ssh. Ssh is set up and working, but when I connect to the vpn ssh is only accessible from inside my home network. I figure what's going wrong is my router forwards incoming ssh connections to my mac, but then my mac replies over the vpn, so the connection from outside times out. I've got pf set up for a couple of other things, but I can't figure out how to let the ssh replies bypass the vpn using pf. I've come across other solutions that use ip tables, routing tables and rules, but I can't figure out how to set that up on mavericks. I've been searching for this for a while now but I haven't found a working solution. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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