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• How do I make custom functions chain-able with jQuery's?

  - by sergio

  I need a "callfront" or "precall" (the opposite of "callback" ¿?) to add in MANY places before an animation occurs in an existing plugin, To be used like e.g. $(some_unpredictable_obj).preFunct().animate(… The problem is, as I said they are MANY places, and all of them are different animations, on different objects. I can TELL where all of them occur, but I don't want to add over and over the same code. I actually have to add both a function before and after those animations, but I think I can use the callback for all of them. In a perfect world, I'd like to replace every animate(property, duration) by preFunct().animate(property,duration).postFunct() preFunct and postFunct don't need parameters, since they are always the same action, on the same object. This could be an amazing addition to "jQuery" (an easy way to jQuerize custom functions to be added to the normal chain (without messing with queues) I found this example but it will act on the applied element, and I don't want that because, as I said above, all the original animations to be added to are on different elements. I also found jQuery.timing, but it looks cooler the chain-able function :) Thanks.

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• Do all C compilers allow functions to return structures?

  - by Jordan S

  I am working on a program in C and using the SDCC compiler for a 8051 architecture device. I am trying to write a function called GetName that will read 8 characters from Flash Memory and return the character array in some form. I know that it is not possible to return an array in C so I am trying to do it using a struct like this: //********************FLASH.h file******************************* MyStruct GetName(int i); //Function prototype #define NAME_SIZE 8 typedef struct { char Name[NAME_SIZE]; } MyStruct; extern MyStruct GetName(int i); // *****************FLASH.c file*********************************** #include "FLASH.h" MyStruct GetName( int i) { MyStruct newNameStruct; //... // Fill the array by reading data from Flash //... return newNameStruct; } I don't have any references to this function yet but for some reason, I get a compiler error that says "Function cannot return aggregate." Does this mean that my compiler does not support functions that return structs? Or am I just doing something wrong?

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• Are UTF16 (as used by for example wide-winapi functions) characters always 2 byte long?

  - by Cray

  Please clarify for me, how does UTF16 work? I am a little confused, considering these points: There is a static type in C++, WCHAR, which is 2 bytes long. (always 2 bytes long obvisouly) Most of msdn and some other documentation seem to have the assumptions that the characters are always 2 bytes long. This can just be my imagination, I can't come up with any particular examples, but it just seems that way. There are no "extra wide" functions or characters types widely used in C++ or windows, so I would assume that UTF16 is all that is ever needed. To my uncertain knowledge, unicode has a lot more characters than 65535, so they obvisouly don't have enough space in 2 bytes. UTF16 seems to be a bigger version of UTF8, and UTF8 characters can be of different lengths. So if a UTF16 character not always 2 bytes long, how long else could it be? 3 bytes? or only multiples of 2? And then for example if there is a winapi function that wants to know the size of a wide string in characters, and the string contains 2 characters which are each 4 bytes long, how is the size of that string in characters calculated? Is it 2 chars long or 4 chars long? (since it is 8 bytes long, and each WCHAR is 2 bytes)

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• Is There a Better Way to Feed Different Parameters into Functions with If-Statements?

  - by FlowofSoul

  I've been teaching myself Python for a little while now, and I've never programmed before. I just wrote a basic backup program that writes out the progress of each individual file while it is copying. I wrote a function that determines buffer size so that smaller files are copied with a smaller buffer, and bigger files are copied with a bigger buffer. The way I have the code set up now doesn't seem very efficient, as there is an if loop that then leads to another if loops, creating four options, and they all just call the same function with different parameters. import os import sys def smartcopy(filestocopy, dest_path, show_progress = False): """Determines what buffer size to use with copy() Setting show_progress to True calls back display_progress()""" #filestocopy is a list of dictionaries for the files needed to be copied #dictionaries are used as the fullpath, st_mtime, and size are needed if len(filestocopy.keys()) == 0: return None #Determines average file size for which buffer to use average_size = 0 for key in filestocopy.keys(): average_size += int(filestocopy[key]['size']) average_size = average_size/len(filestocopy.keys()) #Smaller buffer for smaller files if average_size < 1024*10000: #Buffer sizes determined by informal tests on my laptop if show_progress: for key in filestocopy.keys(): #dest_path+key is the destination path, as the key is the relative path #and the dest_path is the top level folder copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, callback = lambda pos, total: display_progress(pos, total, key)) else: for key in filestocopy.keys(): copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, callback = None) #Bigger buffer for bigger files else: if show_progress: for key in filestocopy.keys(): copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, 1024*2600, callback = lambda pos, total: display_progress(pos, total, key)) else: for key in filestocopy.keys(): copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, 1024*2600) def display_progress(pos, total, filename): percent = round(float(pos)/float(total)*100,2) if percent <= 100: sys.stdout.write(filename + ' - ' + str(percent)+'% \r') else: percent = 100 sys.stdout.write(filename + ' - Completed \n') Is there a better way to accomplish what I'm doing? Sorry if the code is commented poorly or hard to follow. I didn't want to ask someone to read through all 120 lines of my poorly written code, so I just isolated the two functions. Thanks for any help.

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• Why is my user control not instanciated on a postback?

  - by Antoine

  Hi, I'd like to set the trigger of an UpdatePanel to a user control outside the UpdatePanel on the same page . The user control is added at design time, not at runtime. If I statically declare the trigger, I get an error "A control with ID 'xx' cannot be found for the trigger in UpdatePanel". I tried to add the trigger at runtime in Page_Init or Page_Load, but it fails with the user control being null, although it has ViewState enabled. Has someone an idea on how to solve this? Here is the code of the user control: <%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="ComponentDropDownControl.ascx.cs" Inherits="ComponentDropDownControl" EnableViewState="true" %> <asp:DropDownList ID="ComponentDropDown" runat="server" DataSourceID="ComponentFile" DataTextField="name" DataValueField="name" OnSelectedIndexChanged="ComponentDropDown_SelectedIndexChanged" AutoPostBack="True" EnableTheming="True"> </asp:DropDownList><asp:XmlDataSource ID="ComponentFile" runat="server" DataFile="~/App_Data/Components.xml" XPath="//component"></asp:XmlDataSource> And here it is in the aspx page: <%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/MasterPage.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="create.aspx.cs" Inherits="create" Title="Create task" %> <%@ Register Src="ComponentDropDownControl.ascx" TagName="ComponentDropDownControl" TagPrefix="uc1" %> ... <uc1:ComponentDropDownControl ID="CustomComponentDropDown" runat="server" EnableViewState="true" /> In the Page_Load function of the aspx page, the following lines work at first time, but fail on the first PostBack (line 2, CustomComponentDropDown is null). AsyncPostBackTrigger trigger = new AsyncPostBackTrigger(); trigger.ControlID = CustomComponentDropDown.UniqueID.ToString(); UpdatePanel1.Triggers.Add(trigger);

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• we would like the user to be able to pick a file from native file system and drag & drop it to our a

  - by user261740

  We have an existing java desktop application which starts, when user click on our application icon (placed on desktop) OR double click on executable(.exe). It opens the frame which allows user to select the file from native file system and uploads it to the server. Now we would like to facilitate user, that he can pick a file from windows explorer and drag it to the "shortcut / Application icon" & drop it on the "shortcut / Application icon" on the desktop. This would start the uploading of that file on the server. we need to capture the action of "drop" and launch on shortcut.. which may be completely not related to java, it can be very generic to any application. We are using JSmooth to build an executable from jar and NSIS for installer purpose. I would like to know.. How we can launch the application if user drops local file onto the system icon ? How we get the absolute path of file name which has been dropped onto the executable ?

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• Why do you need "extern C" for in C++ callbacks to C functions?

  - by Artyom

  Hello, I find such examples in Boost code. namespace boost { namespace { extern "C" void *thread_proxy(void *f) { .... } } // anonymous void thread::thread_start(...) { ... pthread_create(something,0,&thread_proxy,something_else); ... } } // boost Why do you actually need this extern "C"? It is clear that thread_proxy function is private internal and I do not expect that it would be mangled as "thread_proxy" because I actually do not need it mangled at all. In fact in all my code that I had written and that runs on may platforms I never used extern "C" and this had worked as-as with normal functions. Why extern "C" is added? My problem is that extern "C" function pollute global name-space and they do not actually hidden as author expects. This is not duplicate! I'm not talking about mangling and external linkage. It is obvious in this code that external linkage is unwanted!

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• How would a user stay logged in to a REST-based website?

  - by unforgiven3

  A year or so ago I asked this question: Can you help me understand this? “Common REST Mistakes: Sessions are irrelevant”. My question was essentially this: Okay, I get that HTTP authentication is done automatically on every message - but how? Is the username/password sent with every request? Doesn't that just increase attack surface area? I feel like I'm missing part of the puzzle. The answers I received made perfect sense in the context of a mobile (iPhone, Android, WP7) app - when talking to a REST service, the app would just send user credentials along with each request. That worked great for me. But now, I would like to better understand how one would secure a REST-like website, like StackOverflow itself or something like Reddit. How would things work if it was a user logged in via a web browser instead of logged in via an iPhone app? What happens when a user logs in? Are the credentials saved in the browser somehow? How would the browser know what credentials to send with subsequent REST requests? What if it's a JavaScript call to a webservice? How would the JavaScript call include user credentials? I'll be quite frank: my understanding of security when it comes to websites is pretty limited. I enjoyed working with REST services from an app perspective, but now I want to try and build a website that is based on REST principles, and I'm finding myself to be pretty lost. If there is anything in the above question that is unclear that you'd like me to clarify, please leave a comment and I'll address it.

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• can bind successfully to the ldap server, but needs to know how to find user w/i AD

  - by Brad

  I create a login form to bind to the ldap server, if successful, it creates a session (which the user's username is stored within), then I go to another page that has session_start(); and it works fine. What I want to do now, is add code to test if that user is a member of a specific group. So in theory, this is what I want to do if(username session is valid) { search ldap for user -> get list of groups user is member of foreach(group they are member of) { switch(group) { case STAFF: print 'they are member of staff group'; $access = true; break; default: print 'not a member of STAFF group'; $access = false; break; } if(group == STAFF) { break; } } if($access == TRUE) { // you have access to the content on this page } else { // you do not have access to this page } } How do I do a ldap_search w/o binding? I don't want to keep asking for their password on each page, and I can't pass their password thru a session. Any help is appreciated.

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• What is the best practice for including jQuery ext functions?

  - by Metropolis

  Hey everyone, Currently I have a file that I named JQuery.ext.js which I am including in all of my pages. Inside this file I have numerous functions that do things like the following, (function($) { /** * Checks to see is the value inside ele is blank * @param message string The message that needs to be displayed if the element is blank * @return bool */ $.fn.isEmpty = function(message) { var b_IsEmpty = false; //Loop through all elements this.each(function() { //Check to see if an empty value is found if($(this).val().length <= 0) { //If message is not blank if(message) { alert(message); $(this).focus().select(); } b_IsEmpty = true; return false; } return true; }); //Return false if the evaluation failed, otherwise return the jquery object so we can reuse it return (b_IsEmpty) ? true : false; }; /** * Checks to see if the value inside ele is numbers only * @param message string The message that needs to be displayed if the element is not numeric * @return bool */ $.fn.isNumeric = function(message) { var expression = /^[0-9]+$/; var b_IsNumeric = true; //Loop through elements checking each one this.each( function() { //Check to see if this value is not numeric if(!$(this).val().match(expression) && $(this).val().length > 0) { //If message is not blank if(message) { alert(message); $(this).focus().select(); } b_IsNumeric = false; } return b_IsNumeric; }); return b_IsNumeric; }; })(jQuery); Is there another way to do this? or is this the way most people do it? Thanks for any help, Metropolis

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• C++ -- Why should we use operator -> to access member functions of a SmartPtr?

  - by q0987

  Hello all, The question is given in the last two lines of code. template<class T> // template class for smart class SmartPtr { // pointers-to-T objects public: SmartPtr(T* realPtr = 0); T* operator->() const; T& operator*() const; T* Detach( void ) { T* pData = pointee; pointee = NULL; return pData; } private: T *pointee; ... }; class TestClass {} SmartPtr<TestClass> sPtr(new TestClass); TestClass* ptrA = sPtr->Detach(); // why I always see people use this method to access member functions of a Smart pointer. We can use sPtr-> b/c we have defined operator->() in SmartPtr. TestClass* ptrB = sPtr.Detach(); // Question: Is this a valid C++ way? If not, why? Thank you

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• Can you dynamically combine multiple conditional functions into one in Python?

  - by erich

  I'm curious if it's possible to take several conditional functions and create one function that checks them all (e.g. the way a generator takes a procedure for iterating through a series and creates an iterator). The basic usage case would be when you have a large number of conditional parameters (e.g. "max_a", "min_a", "max_b", "min_b", etc.), many of which could be blank. They would all be passed to this "function creating" function, which would then return one function that checked them all. Below is an example of a naive way of doing what I'm asking: def combining_function(max_a, min_a, max_b, min_b, ...): f_array = [] if max_a is not None: f_array.append( lambda x: x.a < max_a ) if min_a is not None: f_array.append( lambda x: x.a > min_a ) ... return lambda x: all( [ f(x) for f in f_array ] ) What I'm wondering is what is the most efficient to achieve what's being done above? It seems like executing a function call for every function in f_array would create a decent amount of overhead, but perhaps I'm engaging in premature/unnecessary optimization. Regardless, I'd be interested to see if anyone else has come across usage cases like this and how they proceeded. Also, if this isn't possible in Python, is it possible in other (perhaps more functional) languages?

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• When do Symfony's user attributes get written to session?

  - by Rob Wilkerson

  I have a Symfony app that populates the "widgets" of a portal application and I'm noticing something (that seems) odd. The portal app has iframes that make calls to the Symfony app. On each of those calls, a random user key is passed on the query string. The Symfony app stores that key its session using myUser->setAttribute(). If the incoming value is different from what it has in session, it overwrites the session value. In pseudo-code (and applying a synchronous nature for clarity even though it may not exist): # Widget request arrives with ?foo=bar if the user attribute 'foo' does not equal 'bar' overwrite the user attribute 'foo' with 'bar' end What I'm noticing is that, on a portal page with multiple widgets (read: multiple requests coming in more or less simultaneously) where the value needs to be overwritten, each request is trying to overwrite. Is this a timing problem? When I look at the log prints, I'd expect the first request that arrives to overwrite and subsequent requests to see that the user attribute they received matches what was just put into cache by the initial request. In this scenario, it could be that subsequent requests begin (and are checked) even before the first one--the one that should overwrite the cached value--has completely finished. Are session values not really available to subsequent requests until one request has completed entirely or could there be something else that I'm missing? Thanks.

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• What new Unicode functions are there in C++0x?

  - by luiscubal

  It has been mentioned in several sources that C++0x will include better language-level support for Unicode(including types and literals). If the language is going to add these new features, it's only natural to assume that the standard library will as well. However, I am currently unable to find any references to the new standard library. I expected to find out the answer for these answers: Does the new library provide standard methods to convert UTF-8 to UTF-16, etc.? Does the new library allowing writing UTF-8 to files, to the console (or from files, from the console). If so, can we use cout or will we need something else? Does the new library include "basic" functionality such as: discovering the byte count and length of a UTF-8 string, converting to upper-case/lower-case(does this consider the influence of locales?) Finally, are any of these functions are available in any popular compilers such as GCC or Visual Studio? I have tried to look for information, but I can't seem to find anything? I am actually starting to think that maybe these things aren't even decided yet(I am aware that C++0x is a work in progress).

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• template specialization for static member functions; howto?

  - by Rolle

  I am trying to implement a template function with handles void differently using template specialization. The following code gives me an "Explicit specialization in non-namespace scope" in gcc: template <typename T> static T safeGuiCall(boost::function<T ()> _f) { if (_f.empty()) throw GuiException("Function pointer empty"); { ThreadGuard g; T ret = _f(); return ret; } } // template specialization for functions wit no return value template <> static void safeGuiCall<void>(boost::function<void ()> _f) { if (_f.empty()) throw GuiException("Function pointer empty"); { ThreadGuard g; _f(); } } I have tried moving it out of the class (the class is not templated) and into the namespace but then I get the error "Explicit specialization cannot have a storage class". I have read many discussions about this, but people don't seem to agree how to specialize function templates. Any ideas?

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• mysql query trying to search by alias involving CASES and aggregate functions UGH!

  - by dqhendricks

  I have two tables left joined. The query is grouped by the left table's ID column. The right table has a date column called close_date. The problem is, if there are any right table records that have not been closed (thus having a close_date of 0000-00-00), then I do not want any of the left table records to be shown, and if there are NO right table records with a close_date of 0000-00-00, I would like only the right table record with the MAX close date to be returned. So for simplicity sake, let's say the tables look like this: Table1 id 1 2 Table2 table1_id | close_date 1 | 0000-00-00 1 | 2010-01-01 2 | 2010-01-01 2 | 2010-01-02 I would like the query to only return this: Table1.id | Table2.close_date 2 | 2010-01-02 I tried to come up with an answer using aliased CASES and aggregate functions, but I could not search by the result, and I was attempting not to make a 3 mile long query to solve the problem. I looked through a few of the related posts on here, but none seem to meet the criteria of this particular case. Any pushes in the right direction would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• Very Urgent :How to start a new session if a user click on the new tab in IE or mozilla on websphere

  - by ha22109

  Hi, I have one "user search" portlet on the home page of one application running on websphere portal server.Which display the matching user records as per the search criteria filled in the search form.I have requirement to have a "back to search input" link on the results page which onclick should show the filled form on the input jsp. The issue which i am facing is if i open the application in two diff tab of same IE browser and start giving some search criteria and submit and same time search for some other input from other IE tab (in the same browser)and then go back to previous tab and click on "back to search input" link then instead of showing me the first input it will show me the imput which i entered in the next IE tab. I am setting and getting the bean(form bean) through portlet session.but in the two diff tab of same IE it will be the sae user session (and may be the same portlet session..) Please tell me solution for this. The one thing to be notice here is i can access this "user search" application even without doing login also.so it must be taking the default portlet session in this case. what wil happen once i login and then search,will it going to overwrite the portlet session and http session or howz is that?

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• Deprecated functions not spotted if using "System::Threading::ThreadState" (and others!) C++ VS2005/

  - by Fishboy

  Hi, I'm facing an issue with c++ on vs2005 and also vs2008... here's how you can reproduce the issue.... create a new (c++) project called 'test' (file|new|project) select "Windows Forms Application" and add the 'stdio.h' include and the code fragment below into the test.cpp source file..... -------------------start of snippet-------------------- #include <stdio.h> ... int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { int i; System::Threading::ThreadState state; char str[20]; sprintf (str, "%s", "test string"); ... -------------------end of snippet-------------------- If you compile the code as above (you'll have to 'buildall' first), you'll get two warnings about 'i' and 'state' being unreferenced (nothing about sprintf being deprecated). If you comment out "System::Threading :Thread state;", you'll get one warning about 'i' being unreferenced and another warning (C4996) for the 'deprecated' sprintf statement.... This issue also occurs for "System::Windows::Forms::MessageBoxIcon", "System::Base64FormattingOptions" (and perhap all 'enum class' types!) Anyone know of the cause and workaround to the issue demonstrated here ( i have other files that demonstate this issue..). (I had started a thread on msdn, but then found this site! see link below) Visual Studio 2005 has stopped warning about deprecated functions

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• In Lua, can I easily select the Nth result without custom functions?

  - by romkyns

  Suppose I am inserting a string into a table as follows: table.insert(tbl, mystring) and that mystring is generated by replacing all occurrences of "a" with "b" in input: mystring = string.gsub(input, "a", "b") The obvious way to combine the two into one statement doesn't work, because gsub returns two results: table.insert(tbl, string.gsub(input, "a", "b")) -- error! -- (second result of gsub is passed into table.insert) which, I suppose, is the price paid for supporting multiple return values. The question is, is there a standard, built-in way to select just the first return value? When I found select I thought that was exactly what it did, but alas, it actually selects all results from N onwards, and so doesn't help in this scenario. Now I know I can define my own select as follows: function select1(n, ...) return arg[n] end table.insert(tbl, select1(1, string.gsub(input, "a", "b"))) but this doesn't look right, since I'd expect a built-in way of doing this. So, am I missing some built-in construct? If not, do Lua developers tend to use a separate variable to extract the correct argument or write their own select1 functions?

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• How do you get and set a class property across multiple functions in Objective-C?

  - by editor

  Following up on this question about sharing objects between classes, I now need to figure out how to share the objects across various functions in a class. First, the setup: In my App Delegate I load menu information from JSON into a NSMutableDictionary and message that through to a view controller using a function called initWithData. I need to use this dictionary to populate a new Table View, which has methods like numberOfRowsInSection and cellForRowAtIndexPath. I'd like to use the dictionary count to return numberOfRowsInSection and info in the dictionary to populate each cell. Unfortunately, my code never gets beyond the init stage and the dictionary is empty so numberOfRowsInSection always returns zero. I thought I could create a class property, synthesize it and then set it. But it doesn't seem to want to retain the property's value. What am I doing wrong here? In the header .h: @interface FirstViewController:UIViewController <UITableViewDataSource, UITableViewDelegate, UITabBarControllerDelegate> { NSMutableDictionary *sectorDictionary; NSInteger sectorCount; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableDictionary *sectorDictionary; - (id)initWithData:(NSMutableDictionary*)data; @end in the implementation .m: - (id) testFunction:(NSMutableDictionary*)dictionary { NSLog(@"Count #1: %d", [dictionary count]); return nil; } - (id)initWithData:(NSMutableDictionary *)data { if (!(self=[super init])) { return nil; } [self testFunction:data]; // this is where I'd like to set a retained property self.sectorDictionary = data; return nil; } - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { NSLog(@"Count #2: %d", [self.sectorDictionary count]); return [self.sectorDictionary count]; } Output from NSLog: 2010-05-04 23:00:06.255 JSONApp[15890:207] Count #1: 9 2010-05-04 23:00:06.259 JSONApp[15890:207] Count #2: 0

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• Patterns to deal with with functions that can have different kinds of results.

  - by KaptajnKold

  Suppose you have an method on an object that given the some input alters the objects state if the input validates according to some complex logic. Now suppose that when the input doesn't validate, it can be due to several different things, each of which we would like to be able to deal with in different ways. I'm sure many of you are thinking: That's what exceptions are for! I've thought of this also. But my reservation against using exceptions is that in some cases there is nothing exceptional about the input not validating and I really would like to avoid using exceptions to control what is really just in the expected flow of the program. If there were only one interpretation possible, I could simply choose to return a boolean value indicating whether or not the operation resulted in a state change or not and the respond appropriately when it did not. There is of course also the option to return a status code which the client can then choose to interpret or not. I don't like this much either because there is nothing semantic about status codes. The solution I have so far is to always check for each possible situation which I am able to handle before I call the method which then returns a boolean to inform the client if the object changed state. This leaves me the flexibility to handle as few or as many as the possible situations as I wish depending on the context I am in. It also has the benefit of making the method I am calling simpler to write. The drawback is that there is quite a lot of duplication in the client code wherever I call the method. Which of these solutions do you prefer and why? What other patterns do people use for providing meaningful feedback from functions? I know that some languages support multiple return values, and I if I had that option I would surely prefer it.

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• How to get full control of umask/PAM/permissions?

  - by plua

  OUR SITUATION Several people from our company log in to a server and upload files. They all need to be able to upload and overwrite the same files. They have different usernames, but are all part of the same group. However, this is an internet server, so the "other" users should have (in general) just read-only access. So what I want to have is these standard permissions: files: 664 directories: 771 My goal is that all users do not need to worry about permissions. The server should be configured in such a way that these permissions apply to all files and directories, newly created, copied, or over-written. Only when we need some special permissions we'd manually change this. We upload files to the server by SFTP-ing in Nautilus, by mounting the server using sshfs and accessing it in Nautilus as if it were a local folder, and by SCP-ing in the command line. That basically covers our situation and what we aim to do. Now, I have read many things about the beautiful umask functionality. From what I understand umask (together with PAM) should allow me to do exactly what I want: set standard permissions for new files and directories. However, after many many hours of reading and trial-and-error, I still do not get this to work. I get many unexpected results. I really like to get a solid grasp of umask and have many question unanswered. I will post these questions below, together with my findings and an explanation of my trials that led to these questions. Given that many things appear to go wrong, I think that I am doing several things wrong. So therefore, there are many questions. NOTE: I am using Ubuntu 9.10 and therefore can not change the sshd_config to set the umask for the SFTP server. Installed SSH OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 < required OpenSSH 5.4p1. So here go the questions. 1. DO I NEED TO RESTART FOR PAM CHANGS TO TAKE EFFECT? Let's start with this. There were so many files involved and I was unable to figure out what does and what does not affect things, also because I did not know whether or not I have to restart the whole system for PAM changes to take effect. I did do so after not seeing the expected results, but is this really necessary? Or can I just log out from the server and log back in, and should new PAM policies be effective? Or is there some 'PAM' program to reload? 2. IS THERE ONE SINGLE FILE TO CHANGE THAT AFFECTS ALL USERS FOR ALL SESSIONS? So I ended up changing MANY files, as I read MANY different things. I ended up setting the umask in the following files: ~/.profile -> umask=0002 ~/.bashrc -> umask=0002 /etc/profile -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/common-session -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/sshd -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/login -> umask=0002 I want this change to apply to all users, so some sort of system-wide change would be best. Can it be achieved? 3. AFTER ALL, THIS UMASK THING, DOES IT WORK? So after changing umask to 0002 at every possible place, I run tests. ------------SCP----------- TEST 1: scp testfile (which has 777 permissions for testing purposes) server:/home/ testfile 100% 4 0.0KB/s 00:00 Let's check permissions: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rwx--x--x 1 user uploaders 4 2011-02-05 17:59 testfile (711) ---------SSH------------ TEST 2: ssh server user@server:/home$ touch anotherfile user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:03 anotherfile (664) --------SFTP----------- Nautilus: sftp://server/home/ Copy and paste newfile from client to server (777 on client) TEST 3: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rwxrwxrwx 1 user uploaders 3 2011-02-05 18:05 newfile (777) Create a new file through Nautilus. Check file permissions in terminal: TEST 4: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rw------- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:06 newfile (600) I mean... WHAT just happened here?! We should get 644 every single time. Instead I get 711, 777, 600, and then once 644. And the 644 is only achieved when creating a new, blank file through SSH, which is the least probable scenario. So I am asking, does umask/pam work after all? 4. SO WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO UMASK SSHFS? Sometimes we mount a server locally, using sshfs. Very useful. But again, we have permissions issues. Here is how we mount: sshfs -o idmap=user -o umask=0113 user@server:/home/ /mnt NOTE: we use umask = 113 because apparently, sshfs starts from 777 instead of 666, so with 113 we get 664 which is the desired file permission. But what now happens is that we see all files and directories as if they are 664. We browse in Nautilus to /mnt and: Right click - New File (newfile) --- TEST 5 Right click - New Folder (newfolder) --- TEST 6 Copy and paste a 777 file from our local client --- TEST 7 So let's check on the command line: user@client:/mnt$ ls -l total 8 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 3 Feb 5 18:05 copyfile (664) -rw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 0 Feb 5 18:15 newfile (664) drw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 4096 Feb 5 18:15 newfolder (664) But hey, let's check this same folder on the server-side: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 8 -rwxrwxrwx 1 user uploaders 3 2011-02-05 18:05 copyfile (777) -rw------- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:15 newfile (600) drwx--x--x 2 user uploaders 4096 2011-02-05 18:15 newfolder (711) What?! The REAL file permissions are very different from what we see in Nautilus. So does this umask on sshfs just create a 'filter' that shows unreal file permissions? And I tried to open a file from another user but the same group that had real 600 permissions but 644 'fake' permissions, and I could still not read this, so what good is this filter?? 5. UMASK IS ALL ABOUT FILES. BUT WHAT ABOUT DIRECTORIES? From my tests I can see that the umask that is being applied also somehow influences the directory permissions. However, I want my files to be 664 (002) and my directories to be 771 (006). So is it possible to have a different umask for directories? 6. PERHAPS UMASK/PAM IS REALLY COOL, BUT UBUNTU IS JUST BUGGY? On the one hand, I have read topics of people that have had success with PAM/UMASK and Ubuntu. On the other hand, I have found many older and newer bugs regarding umask/PAM/fuse on Ubuntu: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gdm/+bug/241198 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fuse/+bug/239792 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pam/+bug/253096 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/sudo/+bug/549172 http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=314796 So I do not know what to believe anymore. Should I just give up? Would ACL solve all my problems? Or do I have again problems using Ubuntu? One word of caution with backups using tar. Red Hat /Centos distributions support acls in the tar program but Ubuntu does not support acls when backing up. This means that all acls will be lost when you create a backup. I am very willing to upgrade to Ubuntu 10.04 if that would solve my problems too, but first I want to understand what is happening.

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• Reading a user input (character or string of letters) into ggplot command inside a switch statement or a nested ifelse (with functions in it)

  - by statisticalbeginner

  I have code like AA <- as.integer(readline("Select any number")) switch(AA, 1={ num <-as.integer(readline("Select any one of the options \n")) print('You have selected option 1') #reading user data var <- readline("enter the variable name \n") #aggregating the data based on required condition gg1 <- aggregate(cbind(get(var))~Mi+hours,a, FUN=mean) #Ploting ggplot(gg1, aes(x = hours, y = get(var), group = Mi, fill = Mi, color = Mi)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(stat="smooth", alpha = I(0.01)) }, 2={ print('bar') }, { print('default') } ) The dataset is [dataset][1] I have loaded the dataset into object list a <- read.table(file.choose(), header=FALSE,col.names= c("Ei","Mi","hours","Nphy","Cphy","CHLphy","Nhet","Chet","Ndet","Cdet","DON","DOC","DIN","DIC","AT","dCCHO","TEPC","Ncocco","Ccocco","CHLcocco","PICcocco","par","Temp","Sal","co2atm","u10","dicfl","co2ppm","co2mol","pH")) I am getting error like source ("switch_statement_check.R") Select any one of the options 1 [1] "You have selected option 1" enter the variable name Nphy Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : (list) object cannot be coerced to type 'double' > gg1 is getting data that is fine. I dont know what to do to make the variable entered by user to work in that ggplot command. Please suggest any solution for this. The dput output structure(list(Ei = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), Mi = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), hours = 1:6, Nphy = c(0.1023488, 0.104524, 0.1064772, 0.1081702, 0.1095905, 0.110759), Cphy = c(0.6534707, 0.6448216, 0.6369597, 0.6299084, 0.6239005, 0.6191941), CHLphy = c(0.1053458, 0.110325, 0.1148174, 0.1187672, 0.122146, 0.1249877), Nhet = c(0.04994161, 0.04988347, 0.04982555, 0.04976784, 0.04971029, 0.04965285), Chet = c(0.3308593, 0.3304699, 0.3300819, 0.3296952, 0.3293089, 0.3289243), Ndet = c(0.04991916, 0.04984045, 0.04976363, 0.0496884, 0.04961446, 0.04954156), Cdet = c(0.3307085, 0.3301691, 0.3296314, 0.3290949, 0.3285598, 0.3280252), DON = c(0.05042275, 0.05085697, 0.05130091, 0.05175249, 0.05220978, 0.05267118 ), DOC = c(49.76304, 49.52745, 49.29323, 49.06034, 48.82878, 48.59851), DIN = c(14.9933, 14.98729, 14.98221, 14.9781, 14.97485, 14.97225), DIC = c(2050.132, 2050.264, 2050.396, 2050.524, 2050.641, 2050.758), AT = c(2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007), dCCHO = c(0.964222, 0.930869, 0.8997098, 0.870544, 0.843196, 0.8175117), TEPC = c(0.1339044, 0.1652179, 0.1941872, 0.2210289, 0.2459341, 0.2690721), Ncocco = c(0.1040715, 0.1076058, 0.1104229, 0.1125141, 0.1140222, 0.1151228), Ccocco = c(0.6500288, 0.6386706, 0.6291149, 0.6213265, 0.6152447, 0.6108502), CHLcocco = c(0.1087667, 0.1164099, 0.1225822, 0.1273103, 0.1308843, 0.1336465), PICcocco = c(0.1000664, 0.1001396, 0.1007908, 0.101836, 0.1034179, 0.1055634), par = c(0, 0, 0.8695131, 1.551317, 2.777707, 4.814341), Temp = c(9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9), Sal = c(31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31), co2atm = c(370, 370, 370, 370, 370, 370), u10 = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01), dicfl = c(-2.963256, -2.971632, -2.980446, -2.989259, -2.997877, -3.005702), co2ppm = c(565.1855, 565.7373, 566.3179, 566.8983, 567.466, 567.9814), co2mol = c(0.02562326, 0.02564828, 0.0256746, 0.02570091, 0.02572665, 0.02575002 ), pH = c(7.879427, 7.879042, 7.878636, 7.878231, 7.877835, 7.877475)), .Names = c("Ei", "Mi", "hours", "Nphy", "Cphy", "CHLphy", "Nhet", "Chet", "Ndet", "Cdet", "DON", "DOC", "DIN", "DIC", "AT", "dCCHO", "TEPC", "Ncocco", "Ccocco", "CHLcocco", "PICcocco", "par", "Temp", "Sal", "co2atm", "u10", "dicfl", "co2ppm", "co2mol", "pH"), row.names = c(NA, 6L), class = "data.frame") As per the below suggestions I have tried a lot but it is not working. Summarizing I will say: var <- readline("enter a variable name") I cant use get(var) inside any command but not inside ggplot, it wont work. gg1$var it also doesnt work, even after changing the column names. Does it have a solution or should I just choose to import from an excel sheet, thats better? Tried with if else and functions fun1 <- function() { print('You have selected option 1') my <- as.character((readline("enter the variable name \n"))) gg1 <- aggregate(cbind(get(my))~Mi+hours,a, FUN=mean) names(gg1)[3] <- my #print(names(gg1)) ggplot (gg1,aes_string(x="hours",y=(my),group="Mi",color="Mi")) + geom_point() } my <- as.integer(readline("enter a number")) ifelse(my == 1,fun1(),"") ifelse(my == 2,print ("its 2"),"") ifelse(my == 3,print ("its 3"),"") ifelse(my != (1 || 2|| 3) ,print("wrong number"),"") Not working either...:(

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• ASP.NET MVC 3: Layouts and Sections with Razor

  - by ScottGu

  This is another in a series of posts I’m doing that cover some of the new ASP.NET MVC 3 features: Introducing Razor (July 2nd) New @model keyword in Razor (Oct 19th) Layouts with Razor (Oct 22nd) Server-Side Comments with Razor (Nov 12th) Razor’s @: and <text> syntax (Dec 15th) Implicit and Explicit code nuggets with Razor (Dec 16th) Layouts and Sections with Razor (Today) In today’s post I’m going to go into more details about how Layout pages work with Razor.  In particular, I’m going to cover how you can have multiple, non-contiguous, replaceable “sections” within a layout file – and enable views based on layouts to optionally “fill in” these different sections at runtime.  The Razor syntax for doing this is clean and concise. I’ll also show how you can dynamically check at runtime whether a particular layout section has been defined, and how you can provide alternate content (or even an alternate layout) in the event that a section isn’t specified within a view template.  This provides a powerful and easy way to customize the UI of your site and make it clean and DRY from an implementation perspective. What are Layouts? You typically want to maintain a consistent look and feel across all of the pages within your web-site/application.  ASP.NET 2.0 introduced the concept of “master pages” which helps enable this when using .aspx based pages or templates.  Razor also supports this concept with a feature called “layouts” – which allow you to define a common site template, and then inherit its look and feel across all the views/pages on your site. I previously discussed the basics of how layout files work with Razor in my ASP.NET MVC 3: Layouts with Razor blog post.  Today’s post will go deeper and discuss how you can define multiple, non-contiguous, replaceable regions within a layout file that you can then optionally “fill in” at runtime. Site Layout Scenario Let’s look at how we can implement a common site layout scenario with ASP.NET MVC 3 and Razor.  Specifically, we’ll implement some site UI where we have a common header and footer on all of our pages.  We’ll also add a “sidebar” section to the right of our common site layout.  On some pages we’ll customize the SideBar to contain content specific to the page it is included on: And on other pages (that do not have custom sidebar content) we will fall back and provide some “default content” to the sidebar: We’ll use ASP.NET MVC 3 and Razor to enable this customization in a nice, clean way.  Below are some step-by-step tutorial instructions on how to build the above site with ASP.NET MVC 3 and Razor. Part 1: Create a New Project with a Layout for the “Body” section We’ll begin by using the “File->New Project” menu command within Visual Studio to create a new ASP.NET MVC 3 Project.  We’ll create the new project using the “Empty” template option: This will create a new project that has no default controllers in it: Creating a HomeController We will then right-click on the “Controllers” folder of our newly created project and choose the “Add->Controller” context menu command.  This will bring up the “Add Controller” dialog: We’ll name the new controller we create “HomeController”.  When we click the “Add” button Visual Studio will add a HomeController class to our project with a default “Index” action method that returns a view: We won’t need to write any Controller logic to implement this sample – so we’ll leave the default code as-is.  Creating a View Template Our next step will be to implement the view template associated with the HomeController’s Index action method.  To implement the view template, we will right-click within the “HomeController.Index()” method and select the “Add View” command to create a view template for our home page: This will bring up the “Add View” dialog within Visual Studio.  We do not need to change any of the default settings within the above dialog (the name of the template was auto-populated to Index because we invoked the “Add View” context menu command within the Index method).  When we click the “Add” Button within the dialog, a Razor-based “Index.cshtml” view template will be added to the \Views\Home\ folder within our project.  Let’s add some simple default static content to it: Notice above how we don’t have an <html> or <body> section defined within our view template.  This is because we are going to rely on a layout template to supply these elements and use it to define the common site layout and structure for our site (ensuring that it is consistent across all pages and URLs within the site).  Customizing our Layout File Let’s open and customize the default “_Layout.cshtml” file that was automatically added to the \Views\Shared folder when we created our new project: The default layout file (shown above) is pretty basic and simply outputs a title (if specified in either the Controller or the View template) and adds links to a stylesheet and jQuery.  The call to “RenderBody()” indicates where the main body content of our Index.cshtml file will merged into the output sent back to the browser. Let’s modify the Layout template to add a common header, footer and sidebar to the site: We’ll then edit the “Site.css” file within the \Content folder of our project and add 4 CSS rules to it: And now when we run the project and browse to the home “/” URL of our project we’ll see a page like below: Notice how the content of the HomeController’s Index view template and the site’s Shared Layout template have been merged together into a single HTML response.  Below is what the HTML sent back from the server looks like: Part 2: Adding a “SideBar” Section Our site so far has a layout template that has only one “section” in it – what we call the main “body” section of the response.  Razor also supports the ability to add additional "named sections” to layout templates as well.  These sections can be defined anywhere in the layout file (including within the <head> section of the HTML), and allow you to output dynamic content to multiple, non-contiguous, regions of the final response. Defining the “SideBar” section in our Layout Let’s update our Layout template to define an additional “SideBar” section of content that will be rendered within the <div id=”sidebar”> region of our HTML.  We can do this by calling the RenderSection(string sectionName, bool required) helper method within our Layout.cshtml file like below:   The first parameter to the “RenderSection()” helper method specifies the name of the section we want to render at that location in the layout template.  The second parameter is optional, and allows us to define whether the section we are rendering is required or not.  If a section is “required”, then Razor will throw an error at runtime if that section is not implemented within a view template that is based on the layout file (which can make it easier to track down content errors).  If a section is not required, then its presence within a view template is optional, and the above RenderSection() code will render nothing at runtime if it isn’t defined. Now that we’ve made the above change to our layout file, let’s hit refresh in our browser and see what our Home page now looks like: Notice how we currently have no content within our SideBar <div> – that is because the Index.cshtml view template doesn’t implement our new “SideBar” section yet. Implementing the “SideBar” Section in our View Template Let’s change our home-page so that it has a SideBar section that outputs some custom content.  We can do that by opening up the Index.cshtml view template, and by adding a new “SiderBar” section to it.  We’ll do this using Razor’s @section SectionName { } syntax: We could have put our SideBar @section declaration anywhere within the view template.  I think it looks cleaner when defined at the top or bottom of the file – but that is simply personal preference.  You can include any content or code you want within @section declarations.  Notice above how I have a C# code nugget that outputs the current time at the bottom of the SideBar section.  I could have also written code that used ASP.NET MVC’s HTML/AJAX helper methods and/or accessed any strongly-typed model objects passed to the Index.cshtml view template. Now that we’ve made the above template changes, when we hit refresh in our browser again we’ll see that our SideBar content – that is specific to the Home Page of our site – is now included in the page response sent back from the server: The SideBar section content has been merged into the proper location of the HTML response : Part 3: Conditionally Detecting if a Layout Section Has Been Implemented Razor provides the ability for you to conditionally check (from within a layout file) whether a section has been defined within a view template, and enables you to output an alternative response in the event that the section has not been defined.  This provides a convenient way to specify default UI for optional layout sections.  Let’s modify our Layout file to take advantage of this capability.  Below we are conditionally checking whether the “SideBar” section has been defined without the view template being rendered (using the IsSectionDefined() method), and if so we render the section.  If the section has not been defined, then we now instead render some default content for the SideBar:  Note: You want to make sure you prefix calls to the RenderSection() helper method with a @ character – which will tell Razor to execute the HelperResult it returns and merge in the section content in the appropriate place of the output.  Notice how we wrote @RenderSection(“SideBar”) above instead of just RenderSection(“SideBar”).  Otherwise you’ll get an error. Above we are simply rendering an inline static string (<p>Default SideBar Content</p>) if the section is not defined.  A real-world site would more likely refactor this default content to be stored within a separate partial template (which we’d render using the Html.RenderPartial() helper method within the else block) or alternatively use the Html.Action() helper method within the else block to encapsulate both the logic and rendering of the default sidebar. When we hit refresh on our home-page, we will still see the same custom SideBar content we had before.  This is because we implemented the SideBar section within our Index.cshtml view template (and so our Layout rendered it): Let’s now implement a “/Home/About” URL for our site by adding a new “About” action method to our HomeController: The About() action method above simply renders a view back to the client when invoked.  We can implement the corresponding view template for this action by right-clicking within the “About()” method and using the “Add View” menu command (like before) to create a new About.cshtml view template.  We’ll implement the About.cshtml view template like below. Notice that we are not defining a “SideBar” section within it: When we browse the /Home/About URL we’ll see the content we supplied above in the main body section of our response, and the default SideBar content will rendered: The layout file determined at runtime that a custom SideBar section wasn’t present in the About.cshtml view template, and instead rendered the default sidebar content. One Last Tweak… Let’s suppose that at a later point we decide that instead of rendering default side-bar content, we just want to hide the side-bar entirely from pages that don’t have any custom sidebar content defined.  We could implement this change simply by making a small modification to our layout so that the sidebar content (and its surrounding HTML chrome) is only rendered if the SideBar section is defined.  The code to do this is below: Razor is flexible enough so that we can make changes like this and not have to modify any of our view templates (nor make change any Controller logic changes) to accommodate this.  We can instead make just this one modification to our Layout file and the rest happens cleanly.  This type of flexibility makes Razor incredibly powerful and productive. Summary Razor’s layout capability enables you to define a common site template, and then inherit its look and feel across all the views/pages on your site. Razor enables you to define multiple, non-contiguous, “sections” within layout templates that can be “filled-in” by view templates.  The @section {} syntax for doing this is clean and concise.  Razor also supports the ability to dynamically check at runtime whether a particular section has been defined, and to provide alternate content (or even an alternate layout) in the event that it isn’t specified.  This provides a powerful and easy way to customize the UI of your site - and make it clean and DRY from an implementation perspective. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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• window services works after local account used before this account

  - by Gauls

  Hi All of a sudden my window services app after installation does not start(Some services stop automatically if they have no work to do) uses custom user, if i change the logon setting to use local system account and click start works fine, then when i go back and change to use this account (local user- custom user under user group) and then click start it works fine, why didn't work in the first place???????????? Thanks

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