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  • LVM mirroring VS RAID1

    - by syrenity
    Hi. Having learned a bit about LVM mirroring, I thought about replacing the current RAID-1 scheme I'm using to gain some flexibility. Problem is that according to what I found on the Internet, LVM is: 1) Slower then RAID-1, at least in reading (as only single volume being used for reading). 2) Non-reliable on power interrupts, and requires disk cache disabling for prevention of data loss. http://www.joshbryan.com/blog/2008/01/02/lvm2-mirrors-vs-md-raid-1/ Also it seems, at least to several setup guides I read (http://www.tcpdump.com/kb/os/linux/lvm-mirroring/intro.html), that one actually requires a 3rd disk for storing the LVM log. This makes the setup completely unusable on 2 disks installations, and lowers the amount of used mirror disks on higher amount of disks. Can anyone comment the above facts, and let me know his experience of using LVM mirroring? Thanks.

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  • How can I redirect/forward all the UDP/TCP traffic on one interface to another interface in OpenWrt

    - by Sina Sou
    I am new to networking and I have a measurement device (D) that periodically sends all its readings over few UDP multicast sockets (with different multicast IP addresses and different port numbers). That device even listens to a TCP socket simultaneously to modify its configuration on port 7234. Since the device has just a Ethernet interface for communication and I want to make it work wireless, I decided to use a very small wireless open-wrt based router that attaches to the device (D) and redirect/forward all the network traffic(Both UDP/TCP) to the router wireless interface. In order to simplify the problem assume that the Device (D) establishes following sockets (at the same time) UM_SOCK1: UDP mcast socket on 239.1.2.3 port# 50620 UM_SOCK2: UDP mcast socket on 239.1.2.4 port# 50640 TC_SOCK3: TCP DHCP/STATIC ip address 192.168.1.200 port 7234 And (D) is connected to Open-Wrt router (R) via interface en01 (Ethernet) the router has it own wireless interface on (wlan0) I want all the traffic from interface pass through wlan01 and vice versa (bi-directional) en01 <---- wlan01 What would be the minimum iptables or ... commands that I need to make this possible? Even I am wondering if traffic directing can be made easier like if the direction is not going to be based on IP addresses(not desired if the device is connected via DHCP) I would rather redirection to be Interface(en0) based or on MAC address (The best solution since my device has unique MAC address)? Thanks

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  • Which SATA controller is better to use with Windows Server 2008 R2 64 bit?

    - by at8eqeq3
    We're preforming some hardware upgrade on our server machines. As a part of this process, we have to install some additional disk drives. Unfortunately, total number of drives will become 7 or 8, while all of our motherboards have only 6 SATA ports. Obviously, we need additional disk controllers. For now, we've tested Silicon Image (actually, no-name) and Adaptec controllers, both on SiI3132 chip, and got some problems with drivers for them: Silicon Image drivers are not installing at all, and Adaptec ones are installing, but the system says they're not signed and becomes unbootable. We're tryed both drivers from controllers' CD's and latest versions from manufacturers' websites, and no luck. So, can you recommend some SATA controllers that will really work without tambourine dances on mentioned OS (we need just 2 SATA ports and PCI-E, while RAID and any other features are no-matter)? Thanks for any help.

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  • System failure - need diagnostic recommendation

    - by Ladislav Mrnka
    I have big problem with my computer. Configuration is: Intel i7 + 6x2GB OCZ DDR3 Motheboard: Asus P6T Deluxe V2, HDD controller configured to AHCI Main drive: OCZ Vertex 2 (SSD) - contains all installed programs and system Second drive: Samsung SpinPoint - contains User profiles, ProgramData, virtual machines and databases Third drive: Samsung SpinPoint - data drive + backups OS: Windows 7 Ultimate x64 I have never had any problem with this computer until now. During weekend my computer completely crashed without any reason. Each time I tried to boot to Windows I got BSOD with message BAD_SYSTEM_CONFIG_INFO and automatic restart (I didn't install any new SW or HW). But after restart main OCZ drive was disconnected (not detected by BIOS). When I turned off and on computer, the drive was again connected. It also happend every single time I tried to repair installation somehow. It ended with some error and after restart drive was disconnected. The only thing which worked was format + fresh install. After installing almost everything I wanted to install Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate (complete installation without SQL Server Express). During installation of VS itself I always get BSOD - it is too fast so I'm not able to read description. After restart it searches for all disk drives for really long time and sometimes it changes boot drive so the system is not able to start - Bootmgr not found. After reconfiguring BIOS the system starts. There is no event describing the failure in Event viewer. Installing VS 2010 is absolutely necessary for me. I need help with diagnostic. I need to find where is the problem - I expect that the problem is in OCZ drive or in HDD controller on motherboard but I don't know how to find it. All components still have valid warranty. Can you recommend me some approach or tools to find the problem? Edit: I'm still looking for source of the problem. New information is that Windows are not able to perform check disk (Chkdsk) on the SSD system drive. After restarting it always starts checking drive and in part where files are checked it fails with BSOD - BAD_SYSTEM_CONFIG_INFO. After next restart and skipping check disk tests the system runs.

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  • How to troubleshoot if a zip file is valid or if it is big file size to be unzipped ?

    - by mireille raad
    Hello , I am trying to unzip a file with the size of 2GB I am getting the following error : unzip CLTE_C_08.zip Archive: CLTE_C_08.zip End-of-central-directory signature not found. Either this file is not a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive. In the latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on the last disk(s) of this archive. unzip: cannot find zipfile directory in one of CLTE_C_08.zip or CLTE_C_08.zip.zip, and cannot find CLTE_C_08.zip.ZIP, period. After some googling, some people say that this error is because the file is too big, others say because file is corrupt, others say that it could be a not unix archive. So my question , how to find out if file is valid archive file on my Centos and what is the command/trick to uncompress big files ( if any ) Thanks in advance :)

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  • compressing dd backup on the fly

    - by Phil
    Maybe this will sound like dumb question but the way i'm trying to do it doesn't work. I'm on livecd, drive is unmounted, etc. When i do backup this way sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/media/disk/sda2-backup-10august09.ext3 bs=64k ...normally it would work but i don't have enough space on external hd i'm copying to (it ALMOST fits into it). So I wanted to compress this way sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 | gzip > /media/disk/sda2-backup-10august09.gz ...but i got permissions denied. I don't understand.

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  • Is there still a place for tape storage?

    - by Jon Ericson
    We've backed up our data on LTO tapes for years and it's a real comfort to know we have everything on tape. A sister project and one of our data providers have both moved to 100% disk storage because the cost of disk has dropped so much. When we propose systems to potential customers these days we tend to downplay or not mention our use of tape systems for data storage since it might seem outdated. I feel more comfortable with having data saved in two separate formats: disks and tape. In addition, once data is securely written to tape, I feel (perhaps naively) that it's been permanently saved. Not having to rely on a RAID controller to be able to read back data is another plus for me. Do you see a place for tape backup these days?

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  • Determine Location of Inode Usage

    - by Dave Forgac
    I recently installed Munin on a development web server to keep track of system usage. I've noticted that the system's inode usage is climbing by about 7-8% per day even though the disk usage has barely increased at all. I'm guessing something is writing a ton of tiny files but I can't find what / where. I know how to find disk space usage but I can't seem to find a way to summarize inode usage. Is there a good way to determine inode usage by directory so I can locate the source of the usage?

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  • How do I make a partition usable in windows 7 after power loss?

    - by user1306322
    A few days ago I was installing some software and power went down. When I rebooted, the partition to which the software was installed was not accessible. Disk manager shows that it's there, but doesn't show type, if it's healthy and gives me an error when trying to read its properties. The problem seems to be common after power loss, people recommend solving it by assigning a letter to the partition via DiskPart utility, but partition isn't listed in my case. I can access that partition with bootable OSs (like bootable Ubuntu or winXP) and all the files are there, but another installation of Windows 7 gives me the same results as the original. I could just copy all data to another disk if there was enough space, but unfortunately the size of partition I'm having problems with is 1.1TB. How do I regain access to the partition in my original Windows 7 installation without losing any data?

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  • I found a some bad sectors with chkdsk. Should I be worried?

    - by mottalrd
    Yesterday I found a corrupted file in my external usb drive. Since I am using the drive quite often (I am running my vms over there) I decided to run the chkdsk on it This is the result 488384000 KB of total space on disk. 351202364 KB in 1042390 file. 489920 KB in 81101 indexes. 16 KB in damaged sectors. 1204584 KB in use. 65536 KB used from the registry. 135487116 KB available on disk. therefore it has found 16KB of damaged sectors. Now the file is recovered Should I be worried about the HD and run chkdsk periodically from now on?

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  • Install ubuntu with Win7

    - by 123Ex
    I'm using windows 7, Now I need to install Ubuntu 11.04 to the my lap top, I want keep win7 in my lap, I'm planing to keep dual boot system on my lap, I want to install Ubuntu on separate partition, I have deleted my windows empty partition to allocate the space to Ubuntu but when I'm proceeding with installation in Ubuntu, I couldn't recognize the empty partition, Ubuntu shows my full hard disk space one 50GB partition to install, I couldn't recognize the 50GB partition, can anyone tell me how to install Ubuntu on my lap. I really appreciate it, I want to install Ubuntu without loosing my existing data, to do that I have allocated empty unlocated disk space. Thank you in advance!

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  • Can't boot into XP after setting up dual boot with Win 7 vhd.

    - by bebop
    I set up a dual boot for win 7 from vhd on 2 xp machines. One of them everything went fine, and I get the option to choose the os when I turn the machine on. The other was slightly different in that rather than seeing the current OS disk (the one with XP on) as the c:\ when I was setting up windows 7 vhd during install it saw the disk as d:. I didn't think anything of it and went ahead and created a vhd on the d: drive. Now when I turn this machine on, it boots straight to win7 and I never get the option to choose xp. When I look at the boot option in msconfig, I only see Windows 7. How can I go about adding the old XP drive as a boot option at startup again? Edit: Strangely when I rebooted this time (perhaps the first time since I removed the install DVD) it boots to XP. I suppose I'll just have to reinstall windows 7 again in a new vhd...

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  • Create new partition on ssd hard (remove hibernate)

    - by Aleks
    I bought Dell Vostro 3360 notebook with Windows 7 It has 128 GB SSD hard disk, it is already has 4 partitions: Dell partition, Recovery partition, OS partition, Hibernate partition. Here is screenshot (Russian language, but I made some marks): I want to split OS partition, because I need c:\ and d:\ . Reason is that I have a lot of difficulties with administration mode on c:. So I tried to split OS partition but I already have 4 partitions. Can I remove hibernate partition without consequences? I have Hibernate disabled in settings, but I have hiberfil.sys file on c:\ If I can remove it, how can I do this, I can't do this with standard GUI disk managment tool

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  • Developing and implementing a testing plan for a software app deployed on a web server

    - by Abhzoo
    A company in the USA is building a new Web App that will be offered SaaS to customers and the development is being done by a software development team located in a different country(India). They are about to take delivery of a first demo to provide live feedback to the team in India. The overseas team requires a cloud server (Windows + SQL Standard, 8GB Ram, 8 vCPUs, 40GB SSD system disk, 80GB SSD data disk, 1600Mb/s network bandwidth) to serve as a tester server. When the tester is setup the team will install the app on the test server to get live feedback. Q:Explain in detail how you will develop and implement a testing plan for the software App. Be sure to explain the specifics. PLEASE HELP, NEED ANSWER ASAP

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  • Offline installer for .net 3.5 sp1 not working

    - by Tim Tom
    I download a big file of .Net 3.5 SP1 from http://download.microsoft.com/download/2/0/e/20e90413-712f-438c-988e-fdaa79a8ac3d/dotnetfx35.exe Now when I try to install it on Windows Server 2012, I get the following screenshot: What the?? When will the microsoft learn? Now this is a loop. When I try to install from Server Manager, I get installation cannot be done. It needs installation disk. Does that mean I can't install at all without the installation disk in presence?

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  • Converting an ancient RH8 system to VMware ESXi

    - by donatello
    I am curious to know what options I have to convert a very old RedHat8 machine to a virtual one on ESXi. Looking at VMware Converter it seems there's an option to login to the RH8 using SSH, and from there it will convert to the ESXi-server. That makes me a bit nervous though, exactly what is happening there? The RH8 machine is slightly critical, and if anything messes up it'll likely result in many hours extra work. :( Another option I thought of was to boot a LiveCD on RH8-system and create a raw "dd dump" of the disk. The similar method is used to restore the image, I boot a LiveCD on the VM in ESXi and use "dd" to write it to disk. Is there any other option I could use? I'm using the cheap version of ESXi, hence I have no access to the Converter BootCD so these rather cumbersome methods is the only I can think of. :)

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  • To Run Linux (Ubuntu) on Windows 7, is using Virtual PC one of the best ways?

    - by Jian Lin
    I need to try Linux (Ubuntu) and feel hesitant to install Ubuntu on top of a Win 7 machine to dual boot (might need to use Win7 and Ubuntu at the same time). Is creating a Virtual PC on Win7, and then installing the latest Ubuntu on that Virtual PC one of the better option? So I think I can create a Virtual PC with an empty virtual hard disk (vhd), say, for 30GB, and then put in the Ubuntu DVD-R or CD-R to install Ubuntu onto that empty hard disk. Update: for some reason, the first time Ubuntu 10.04 installation CD-R boots up, it asked for the Language, and "Install Ubuntu" and then the screen has vertical green bars and then the VPC just closed. The 2nd or 3rd time it booted up, there is no asking of Language or "Install Ubuntu" and just shut down the VPC, sometimes with vertical green bars. I even created another new hard drive and same thing happened. And created VPC 02, and same thing happened. Created VPC 03 with a fixed hard drive size of 60GB and same thing happened.

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  • Linux Software Raid runs checkarray on the First Sunday of the Month? Why?

    - by mgjk
    It looks like Debian has a default to run checkarray on the first Sunday of the month. This causes massive performance problems and heavy disk usage for 12 hours on my 2TB mirror. Doing this "just in case" is bizzare to me. Discovering data out of sync between the two disks without quorum would be a failure anyway. This massive checking could only tell me that I have an unrecoverable drive failure and corrupt data. Which is nice, but not all that helpful. Is it necessary? Given I have no disk errors and no reason to believe my disks have failed, why is this check necessary? Should I take it out of my cron? /etc/cron.d# tail -1 /etc/cron.d/mdadm 57 0 * * 0 root [ -x /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray ] && [ $(date +\%d) -le 7 ] && /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray --cron --all --quiet Thanks for any insight,

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  • How can I add a second hard drive to a previously configured UEFI/ACHI Windows 8 machine?

    - by pflyer
    Recently purchased a new Windows 8 PC. It came with one hard drive. I want to a second hard drive to it. This second hard drive is my data hard drive from my previous computer. However, I have run into issues when the system accesses it. The drive is found in the BIOS. But is not seen by Explorer or Disk Management. I have added the drive to the next available SATA slot: SATA 2. The machine is a UEFI/ACHI based machine. In my reading I have found people documenting the following: 1) adding multiple partitioned hard drives (like mine is) to UEFI based machines is not possible 2) I have seen it suggested that you can only add blank hard drives to UEFI based machines. However, in doing so, I did not have success. I tried to add it as a hard drive with unallocated space and then as a hard drive with a single simple partition. Both attempts failed. My ultimate question: What is the proper procedure for adding a second hard drive to a UEFI/ACHI machine? I do not want to reinstall the OS and start from scratch as I have seen suggested elsewhere. There has to be a way to accomplish this without all that hassle. Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • I get a consistency y error when I use my second hard drive

    - by Stavros
    I have two hard drives with win8 installed to both of them. Sometimes, when I boot from the second one (with F12 boot-menu and the second drive selection) and later reboot and start my PC from the first one, I get a disk error for a consistency problem. Windows ask for a disk check and after that, I can't anymore boot from the second drive or have access to it. Why this happens and how can I prevent it? What options do I have except from reinstalling windows? Thanks Stavros

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  • Multi- authentication scenario for a public internet service using Kerberos

    - by StrangeLoop
    I have a public web server which has users coming from internet (via HTTPS) and from a corporate intranet. I wish to use Kerberos authentication for the intranet users so that they would be automatically logged in the web application without the need to provide any login/password (assuming they are already logged to the Windows domain). For the users coming from internet I want to provide traditional basic/form- based authentication. User/password data for these users would be stored internally in a database used by the application. Web application will be configured to use Kerberos authentication for users coming from specific intranet ip networks and basic/form- based authentication will be used for the rest of the users. From a security perspective, are there some risks involved in this kind of setup or is this a generally accepted solution? My understanding is that server doesn't need access to KDC (see Kerberos authentication, service host and access to KDC) and it can be completely isolated from AD and corporate intranet. The server has a keytab file stored locally that is used to decrypt tickets sent by the users coming from intranet. The tickets only contain username and domain of the incoming user. Server never sees the passwords of authenticated users. If the server would be hacked and the keytab file compromised, it would mean that attacker could forge tickets for any domain user and get access to the web application as any user. But typically this is the case anyway if hacker gains access to the keytab file on the local filesystem. The encryption key contained in the keytab file is based on the service account password in AD and is in hashed form, I guess it is very difficult to brute force this password if strong Kerberos encryption like AES-256-SHA1 is used. As the server has no network access to intranet, even the compromised service account couldn't be directly used for anything.

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  • Can't change current working directory to external drive in Windows

    - by Tom
    I'm trying to run a program located on an external USB disk using the Windows command prompt. I'm running Windows 7 64-bit (running in VMWare Workstation 8.0.) Here's what happens: I plug in the USB disk and it appears as drive letter 'E' in My Computer. I launch cmd from the start menu. I notice the prompt displays C:\Users\Tom> I type cd E:\ I notice the prompt displays C:\Users\Tom> (cd also yields C:\Users\Tom>) I can explore the drive using explorer.exe just fine, and it is connected according to VMWare Workstation. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Xen 4.1 host (dom0) with blktap disks ("tap:aio:") not connecting

    - by Manwe
    Problem using blktap with xen-4.1 running Ubuntu Precise stock kernel with dom0 xen-4.1. I get: [ 5.580106] XENBUS: Waiting for devices to initialise: 295s...290s. ... [ 300.580288] XENBUS: Timeout connecting to device: device/vbd/51713 (local state 3, remote state 1) And some syslog lines: May 17 13:07:30 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: add XENBUS_PATH=backend/tap/10/51713 May 17 13:07:31 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: Writing backend/tap/10/51713/hotplug-status connected to xenstore. with tap:aio: disk lines. file:/ works. disk = [ 'tap:aio:/data/root.img,xvda1,w', ] Problem exists with lucid and precises domU kernels and both guests work in Ubuntu hardy dom0 Host 64bit 2.6.24-28-xen xen-3.3 3.2.0-24-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 25 08:43:22 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise

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  • How much space do NTFS hardlinks/symlinks occupy?

    - by Felix Dombek
    Well, I guess it must be something proportional to the original filename plus the new filename for symlinks, and only the new filename for hardlinks, but how does this affect the disk space exactly? I just made a folder with about a hundred thousand symbolic links in it, and the folder still reported 0 bytes usage. I may be mistaken, but I even think the free capacity of the drive remained the same. Then I permanently deleted the folder and the sizes still stayed the same. Could I fill up a hard disk just with symlinks? Or does NTFS have limitations in that no more than x symlinks are allowed on one drive/in one folder, so the capacity of the drive cannot be reached?

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