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  • Should I sacrifice code succintness to ensure the narrowest variable scope? [duplicate]

    - by David Scholefield
    This question already has an answer here: Is the usage of internal scope blocks within a function bad style? 3 answers In many languages (e.g. both Perl and Java - which are the two languages I work most with) it is possible to narrow the scope of local variables by declaring them within a block. Although it adds extra code length (the opening and closing block braces), and possibly reduces readability, should I create blocks purely to narrow the scope of variables to the statements that use the variables and to uphold the principle of narrowest scope or does this sacrifice succinctness and readability just to unnecessarily uphold an agreed 'best practice' principle? I usually declare local variables to functions/methods at the start of the function to aid readability, but I could not do this, and just create blocks throughout the function and declare the variables throughout the code - within those blocks - to narrow their scope.

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  • Passing class names or objects?

    - by nischayn22
    I have a switch statement switch ( $id ) { case 'abc': return 'Animal'; case 'xyz': return 'Human'; //many more } I am returning class names,and use them to call some of their static functions using call_user_func(). Instead I can also create a object of that class, return that and then call the static function from that object as $object::method($param) switch ( $id ) { case 'abc': return new Animal; case 'xyz': return new Human; //many more } Which way is efficient? To make this question broader : I have classes that have mostly all static methods right now, putting them into classes is kind of a grouping idea here (for example the DB table structure of Animal is given by class Animal and so for Human class). I need to access many functions from these classes so the switch needs to give me access to the class

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  • How are design-by-contract and property-based testing (QuickCheck) related?

    - by Todd Owen
    Is their only similarity the fact that they are not xUnit (or more precisely, not based on enumerating specific test cases), or is it deeper than that? Property-based testing (using QuickCheck, ScalaCheck, etc) seem well-suited to a functional programming style where side-effects are avoided. On the other hand, Design by Contract (as implemented in Eiffel) is more suited to OOP languages: you can express post-conditions about the effects of methods, not just their return values. But both of them involve testing assertions that are true in general (rather than assertions that should be true for a specific test case). And both can be tested using randomly generated inputs (with QuickCheck this is the only way, whereas with Eiffel I believe it is an optional feature of the AutoTest tool). Is there an umbrella term to encompass both approaches? Or am I imagining a relationship that doesn't really exist.

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  • Processing Text and Binary (Blob, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView) Payload in WebSocket - (TOTD #185)

    - by arungupta
    The WebSocket API defines different send(xxx) methods that can be used to send text and binary data. This Tip Of The Day (TOTD) will show how to send and receive text and binary data using WebSocket. TOTD #183 explains how to get started with a WebSocket endpoint using GlassFish 4. A simple endpoint from that blog looks like: @WebSocketEndpoint("/endpoint") public class MyEndpoint { public void receiveTextMessage(String message) { . . . } } A message with the first parameter of the type String is invoked when a text payload is received. The payload of the incoming WebSocket frame is mapped to this first parameter. An optional second parameter, Session, can be specified to map to the "other end" of this conversation. For example: public void receiveTextMessage(String message, Session session) {     . . . } The return type is void and that means no response is returned to the client that invoked this endpoint. A response may be returned to the client in two different ways. First, set the return type to the expected type, such as: public String receiveTextMessage(String message) { String response = . . . . . . return response; } In this case a text payload is returned back to the invoking endpoint. The second way to send a response back is to use the mapped session to send response using one of the sendXXX methods in Session, when and if needed. public void receiveTextMessage(String message, Session session) {     . . .     RemoteEndpoint remote = session.getRemote();     remote.sendString(...);     . . .     remote.sendString(...);    . . .    remote.sendString(...); } This shows how duplex and asynchronous communication between the two endpoints can be achieved. This can be used to define different message exchange patterns between the client and server. The WebSocket client can send the message as: websocket.send(myTextField.value); where myTextField is a text field in the web page. Binary payload in the incoming WebSocket frame can be received if ByteBuffer is used as the first parameter of the method signature. The endpoint method signature in that case would look like: public void receiveBinaryMessage(ByteBuffer message) {     . . . } From the client side, the binary data can be sent using Blob, ArrayBuffer, and ArrayBufferView. Blob is a just raw data and the actual interpretation is left to the application. ArrayBuffer and ArrayBufferView are defined in the TypedArray specification and are designed to send binary data using WebSocket. In short, ArrayBuffer is a fixed-length binary buffer with no format and no mechanism for accessing its contents. These buffers are manipulated using one of the views defined by one of the subclasses of ArrayBufferView listed below: Int8Array (signed 8-bit integer or char) Uint8Array (unsigned 8-bit integer or unsigned char) Int16Array (signed 16-bit integer or short) Uint16Array (unsigned 16-bit integer or unsigned short) Int32Array (signed 32-bit integer or int) Uint32Array (unsigned 16-bit integer or unsigned int) Float32Array (signed 32-bit float or float) Float64Array (signed 64-bit float or double) WebSocket can send binary data using ArrayBuffer with a view defined by a subclass of ArrayBufferView or a subclass of ArrayBufferView itself. The WebSocket client can send the message using Blob as: blob = new Blob([myField2.value]);websocket.send(blob); where myField2 is a text field in the web page. The WebSocket client can send the message using ArrayBuffer as: var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(10);var bytes = new Uint8Array(buffer);for (var i=0; i<bytes.length; i++) { bytes[i] = i;}websocket.send(buffer); A concrete implementation of receiving the binary message may look like: @WebSocketMessagepublic void echoBinary(ByteBuffer data, Session session) throws IOException {    System.out.println("echoBinary: " + data);    for (byte b : data.array()) {        System.out.print(b);    }    session.getRemote().sendBytes(data);} This method is just printing the binary data for verification but you may actually be storing it in a database or converting to an image or something more meaningful. Be aware of TYRUS-51 if you are trying to send binary data from server to client using method return type. Here are some references for you: JSR 356: Java API for WebSocket - Specification (Early Draft) and Implementation (already integrated in GlassFish 4 promoted builds) TOTD #183 - Getting Started with WebSocket in GlassFish TOTD #184 - Logging WebSocket Frames using Chrome Developer Tools, Net-internals and Wireshark Subsequent blogs will discuss the following topics (not necessary in that order) ... Error handling Custom payloads using encoder/decoder Interface-driven WebSocket endpoint Java client API Client and Server configuration Security Subprotocols Extensions Other topics from the API

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  • How to write loosely coupled classes in node.js

    - by lortabac
    I am trying to understand how to design node.js applications, but it seems there is something I can't grasp about asynchronous programming. Let's say my application needs to access a database. In a synchronous environment I would implement a data access class with a read() method, returning an associative array. In node.js, because code is executed asynchronously, this method can't return a value, so, after execution, it will have to "do" something as a side effect. It will then contain at least 1 line of extraneous code which has nothing to do with data access. Multiply this for all methods and all classes and you will very soon have an unmanageable "code soup". What is the proper way to handle this problem? Am I approaching it the wrong way?

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  • How to deal with "software end-of-life" situations?

    - by rwong
    When a vendor declares that they no longer intend to provide any support or services to a piece of software (and stated the intent to exit the business - offering no upgrade paths), and stated that customers must pay a nominal fee in order to have the existing data exported, what kind of recourse do programmers/customers have? Things I can think of: Need to purchase spare hardware and set up a spare environment on which the software can continue to operate. Various data export methods which do not require vendor involvement. (For example, screen scraping, printing to image followed by re-scanning, etc) Parallel systems where staff will duplicate the old data into a new system manually or semi-automatically Legal means, in case the vendor is in financial trouble Any other ideas? Assuming that there is no "circumvention" involved (no DRM, no DMCA), is data recovery or reverse engineering legal/acceptable?

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  • What is the term that means "keeping the arguments for different API calls as similar as possible"?

    - by larson4
    There is a word which I can never remember... it expresses a design goal that API calls (or functions or methods or whatever) should be as similar as reasonably possible in their argument patterns. It may also extend to naming as well. In other words, all other things being equal, it is probably bad to have these three functions: deleteUser(email) petRemove(petId,species) destroyPlanet(planetName,starName) if instead you could have deleteUser(userId) deletePet(petId) deletePlanet(planetId) What is the word for this concept? I keep thinking it's "orthogonal" but it definitely isn't. Its a very important concept, and to me it's one of the biggest things that makes some APIs a joy to work with (because once you learn a few things you can pretty much use everything without looking at doco), and others a pain (because every function is done inconsistently).

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  • Satellite website or redirect

    - by Ben
    We're running a campaign for specific industries within our target market. Our main web site has a page for each industry. We also own domains for each industry i.e: FoodWidgets.com, ElectricalWidgets.com, ChemicalWidgets.com. Of the following methods, which is likely to make the best SEO improvements: Just link each domain to the main web site Forward each domain to the relevant page on the main site e.g. FoodWidgets.com (302) redirects to http://www.MainSite.com/industries/food Create a single page "satellite" web site for each domain with the same content as the industry page on the main site.

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  • What Are Some Tips For Writing A Large Number of Unit Tests?

    - by joshin4colours
    I've recently been tasked with testing some COM objects of the desktop app I work on. What this means in practice is writing a large number (100) unit tests to test different but related methods and objects. While the unit tests themselves are fairly straight forward (usually one or two Assert()-type checks per test), I'm struggling to figure out the best way to write these tests in a coherent, organized manner. What I have found is that copy and Paste coding should be avoided. It creates more problems than it's worth, and it's even worse than copy-and-paste code in production code because test code has to be more frequently updated and modified. I'm leaning toward trying an OO-approach using but again, the sheer number makes even this approach daunting from an organizational standpoint due to concern with maintenance. It also doesn't help that the tests are currently written in C++, which adds some complexity with memory management issues. Any thoughts or suggestions?

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  • How to smartly optimize ads on website

    - by YardenST
    I've a content website that presents ads. Now, my team want to optimize it for a better experience for the users. (we really believe our ads are good for our users.) We are sure that every website deals with this issue and there must be some known ways and methods to deal with it, that smart people thought of before. so what i'm looking is a tested, working method to optimize ads. for example: if i was asking about optimizing my website in Google, I would expect you to answer me: learn SEO if i was asking about optimizing the use of my website: usability testing. navigation: information architecture what is the field that deals with optimizing ads?

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  • What steps should be taken to make sure your software is usable by disabled people?

    - by Cromulent
    I want to make sure a piece of software I am writing is usable by people with various disabilities such as blindness and an inability to use a mouse and / or keyboard. Unfortunately I have no experience with things such as screen readers or other methods that disabled people use to make using a computer easier / possible. I've never really had much experience with disabilities at all and unfortunately I don't know any disabled people who I can ask. I was wondering what other people do to make sure that their software is available to a wide range of people with varying abilities? This seems to be a subject matter that is often ignored by developers and I think it is a real shame.

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  • Progressbar patterns (Eclipse)

    - by JesperE
    I've struggled quite a bit with Eclipse and progress-monitors to try to have good progressbars which report useful progress information to the user. Inevitably the code gets cluttered with lots of things like if (monitor.isCancelled()) return; ... lengthyMethodCall(monitor.newChild(10)); and all over the place I need to pass a IProgressMonitor as an argument to my methods. This is bad, for several reasons: The code gets cluttered with lots of code which is not relevant to what the function actually does. I need to manually guesstimate which parts of the code takes time, and which parts do not. It interacts badly with automated tests; where much of the information which goes into a progressbar instead should be logged for later inspection. Is there a way out of this? Are there tools which can help me out with one or more of these problems? Should I be looking at Aspect-Oriented Programming tools, or are there other alternatives?

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  • How many BasicEffects do you have in a Game? What is the best way to render multiple objects/shapes at once?

    - by Deukalion
    I'm trying to understand 3D rendering and it seems that everytime you render a new object (A 3D Cube or something) you need to have a new BasicEffect for each Box you render unless you want the exact same texture? ...so if I have over a hundred boxes with each different textures, I need at least as many BasicEffects? Will that not be "too much" for the CPU/GPU in the end or result in lagging? Is there any good way to render multiple objects (cubes or other shapes) at the same time? I've tried changing the BasicEffect.Texture with each cube drawn, but it resulting in changing the first Cube's texture too. Any suggestions would be really appreciated, I'm really new to 3D in XNA so I'm trying to wrap my head around the best methods for example render a Map with objects (of shapes).

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  • How to deal with characters picking up and dropping objects in a 2D game

    - by pm_2
    I'm quite new to game development, so would like to get a consensus on methods of doing this. My game features a 2D character that is able to pick up and drop objects, for example, a stick. My question is: is it advisable / possible to manipulate the image of the character and image of the stick to make it look like the character is now carrying a stick; or is it best to have a separate sprite sheet for the character with the stick and the character without? EDIT: To be clear - I have a lot of characters, with a few items (4 separate items and over 20 characters)

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  • How can I track scrolling in a Google Analytics custom report?

    - by SnowboardBruin
    I want to track scrolling on my website since it's a long page (rather than multiple pages). I saw several different methods, with and without an underscore for trackEvent, with and without spaces between commas <script> ... ... ... ga('create', 'UA-45440410-1', 'example.com'); ga('send', 'pageview'); _gaq.push([‘_trackEvent’, ‘Consumption’, ‘Article Load’, ‘[URL]’, 100, true]); _gaq.push([‘_trackEvent’, ‘Consumption’, ‘Article Load’, ‘[URL]’, 75, false]); _gaq.push([‘_trackEvent’, ‘Consumption’, ‘Article Load’, ‘[URL]’, 50, false]); _gaq.push([‘_trackEvent’, ‘Consumption’, ‘Article Load’, ‘[URL]’, 25, false]); </script> It takes a day for counts to load with Google Analytics, otherwise I would just tweak and test right now.

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  • Creating Objects

    - by user1424667
    I have a general coding standard question. Is it bad practice to initialize and create an object in multiple methods depending on the outcome of a users choice. So for example if the user quits a poker game, create the poker hand with the cards the user has received, even if < 5, and if the user played till the end create object to show completed hand to show outcome of the game. The key is that the object will only be created once in actuality, there are just different paths and parameters is will receive depending on if the user folded, or played on to the showdown.

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  • As a indie, how to protect your game?

    - by user16829
    As a indie, you might not work in a company. And you may have a great game idea and you feel it gonna be a big success. When you released your game. How do you protect it as your own creation? So that someone also can't steal the title and publish a "sequel" e.g. Your-Game-Name 2,3,4. Or even produce by-products like Angry Birds but without your permission. So how we can prevent these from happening by legal methods. Like copyrights, trademarks? If a professional can fill us those info, it will be great.

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  • Cannot boot from Ubuntu USB

    - by Safi
    I create a ubuntu 10.10 bootable USB via the method that is described on the download page of ubuntu. I made that from windows and also from ubuntu 10.04 (I have dual boot). When I boot from the USB made, the menu shows and when I run it, it gives a beep and nothing else. It never boots. USB creation from both methods result the same. I downloaded ubuntu via the torrent provided from Ubuntu. Any help will be very appreciated. I want to make my USB just like a Live CD so that I can run it on some other computers also.

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  • What Java class should I use to represent a Vector?

    - by user8363
    Does Java have a built-in Vector class suitable for handling collision detection / response? It should have methods like subtract(Vector v), normalize(), dotProduct(Vector v), ... It seems logical to use java.awt.Rectangle and java.awt.Polygon to calculate collisions. Would I be right to use these classes for this purpose? I understand collision detection; I'm only wondering what approach to it is idiomatic in Java. I'm new to the language and to application development in general.

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  • Isn't class scope purely for organization?

    - by Di-0xide
    Isn't scope just a way to organize classes, preventing outside code from accessing certain things you don't want accessed? More specifically, is there any functional gain to having public, protected, or private-scoped methods? Is there any advantage to classifying method/property scope rather than to, say, just public-ize everything? My presumption says no simply because, in binary code, there is no sense of scope (other than r/w/e, which isn't really scope at all, but rather global permissions for a block of memory). Is this correct? What about in languages like Java and C#[.NET]?

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  • Faking Display tree (Sprite) parent child relationships with rasters (BitmapData) in ActionScript 3

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I am working with Rasters (bitmapData) and blliting (copypixels) in a 2d-game in actionscript 3. I like how you can move a sprite and it moves all it's children, and you can simultaneously move the children creating an interesting visual effect. I do not want to use rotation or scaling however cause I do not know how that can be done without hampering with performance. So I'm not simulating Sprite parent-child behavior and sticking to the movement on the (x, y) axis. What I am planning to do is create a class called RasterContainer which extends bitmapData that has a vector of children of type Raster(extending bitmapData), now I am planning to implement recursive rendering in RasterContainer, that basically copyPixels every child, only changing their (x, y) offset to reflect their parent's offset. My question is, has this been implemented in an existing framework? Is this a good plan? Do I expect a serious performance hit for using recursive methods this way?

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  • Ask the Readers: How Do You Give an Old Laptop a New Life?

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    That powerhouse laptop you bought back in 2006 can’t compete with the sleek ultrabook you just unboxed–but that doesn’t mean you should ship it to the dump. How do you give an old laptop a new lease on life? Whether you tear it apart and rebuild it into something brand new, put it on night duty as a backup station, or install a lightweight Linux distro before passing it on to your relatives, we want to hear all about your tools and methods for keeping old laptops out of the junk bin. However big or small your repurposing project, sound off in the comments below with your tips, tricks, and tools. Make sure to check back in on Friday for the What You Said roundup to see how your fellow readers revitalize their old laptops. How To Delete, Move, or Rename Locked Files in Windows HTG Explains: Why Screen Savers Are No Longer Necessary 6 Ways Windows 8 Is More Secure Than Windows 7

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  • XNA Monogame GameState Management not deserilaizing

    - by Pectus Excavatum
    I am having some trouble serializing/deserializing in a little game I am doing to teach myself monogame. Basically, I am using the gamestatemnanagement resources common to monogame (screen manager etc). Then I am serializing my screen manager component and all associated screens in the OnDeactivated method: protected override void OnDeactivated(Object sender, EventArgs args) { foreach (GameplayScreen screen in mScreenManager.GetScreens()) { DataManager.SaveData(screen.Level.LevelData); } mScreenManager.SerializeState(); } The Save data bit is to do with something else. Then I then override OnActivated to de serialize protected override void OnActivated(Object sender, EventArgs args) { //System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("here activating"); mScreenManager.DeserializeState(); } However, when this runs it just loads a blank screen - it goes into the game initialize and the game draw method, but doesnt go down into the screens initialize or draw methods. I have no idea why this might be - any help would be greatly appreciated. I am not the only one who has encountered this - I found this post also - https://monogame.codeplex.com/discussions/391117

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  • Isometric tile range aquisition

    - by Steve
    I'm putting together an isometric engine and need to cull the tiles that aren't in the camera's current view. My tile coordinates go from left to right on the X and top to bottom on the Y with (0,0) being the top left corner. If I have access to say the top left, top right, bot left and bot right corner coordinates, is there a formula or something I could use to determine which tiles fall in range? I've linked a picture of the layout of the tiles for reference. If there isn't one, or there's a better way to determine which tiles are on screen and which to cull, I'm all ears and am grateful for any ideas. I've got a few other methods I may be able to try such as checking the position of the tile against a rectangle. I pretty much just need something quick. Thanks for giving this a read =)

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  • What classes are useful for an aspiring software developer? [closed]

    - by Anonymouse
    I'm a freshman in college trying to graduate in 3 years with a Math/CS dual major, and I don't have a lot of time to be fooling around with useless classes. I've tested out of most of my gen eds and science-y courses, but I need to know: what math and cs courses are most important for someone interested in algorithm development? Math courses already taken: Calc I-III,Linear Algebra, Discrete Math. CS courses taken: Java. Math courses I'm planning to take: ODE, Linear Algebra II, Vector calc, Logic, (Analysis or Algebra), Stats, probability CS courses I'm planning to take: C(required), Data Structures, Numerical Methods, Intro to Analysis of Algorithms. Which is better, analysis or algebra? Did I take enough CS courses? Am I missing out on anything? Thanks.

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