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  • md5sum returns a different hash value than online hash generators

    - by Ravi
    On suse10, md5sum myname gives md5 hash as 49b0939cb2db9d21b038b7f7d453cd5d The file myname contains string "ravi" while some of the online md5 hash generators for the same string seem to give a different hash http://md5-encryption.com/ http://www.miraclesalad.com/webtools/md5.php They spit out the hash for "ravi" as 63dd3e154ca6d948fc380fa576343ba6 Why is there a difference in md5sum for the same string "ravi" ?

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  • Use netcat as a proxy to log traffic

    - by deephacks
    I want to use netcat as a proxy to log http requests and responses to files, then tail these to inspect traffic. Think wireshark. Tried the following where 'fifo' is a named pipe, 'in' and 'out' are files, netcat proxy on port 8080, server on port 8081. while true; do cat fifo | nc -l -p 8080 | tee -a in | nc localhost 8081 | tee -a out 1fifo; done Problems: Netcat stop responing after first request (while loop ignored?). Netcat fails with msg localhost [127.0.0.1] 8081 (tproxy) : Connection refused if server unavailable on 8081. Question: Is it possible to "lazily" connect to 8081 when request is made? I.e. I do not want to have 8081 running when netcat is started.

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  • top does not run

    - by Horace Ho
    Sorry that I can't be very specific, only symtoms are provided: Monday morning a CentOS box, 1GB ram, Pentium 4 web server (thin, rails) does not response (too slow) to a browser of another PC ping it, ok ssh into it, ok a few minutes later, the web server is back to normal speed, serving web requests well ping it, ok ssh into it, ok however, top does not run what should I look at, about this 'top does not run' symptom? thx

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  • rsync - Exclude files that are over a certain size?

    - by Rory
    I am doing a backup of my desktop to a remote machine. I'm basically doing rsync -a ~ example.com:backup/ However there are loads of large files, e.g. wikipedia dumps etc. Most of the files I care a lot about a small, such as firefox cookie files, or .bashrc. Is there some invocation to rsync that will exclude files that are over a certain size? That way I could copy all files that are less than 10MB first, then do all files. That way I can do a fast backup of the most important files, then a longer backup of everything else.

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  • How to populate RRD database with CPU and MEM usage data?

    - by Tomaszs
    I have a Lighttpd server (on Centos) and would like to display 4 graphs: lighttpd traffic, lighttpd requests per second, CPU usage and MEM usage. I've set place for rrd database for lighttpd config like this: rrdtool.binary = "/usr/bin/rrdtool" rrdtool.db-name = "/var/www/lighttpd.rrd" And put into my WWW cgi-bin sh file that gets data from lighttpd RRD file and creates graphs of traffic and requests per second like this: #!/bin/sh RRDTOOL=/usr/bin/rrdtool OUTDIR=//var/www/graphs INFILE=/var/www/lighttpd.rrd OUTPRE=lighttpd-traffic WIDTH=400 HEIGHT=100 DISP="-v bytes --title TrafficWebserver \ DEF:binraw=$INFILE:InOctets:AVERAGE \ DEF:binmaxraw=$INFILE:InOctets:MAX \ DEF:binminraw=$INFILE:InOctets:MIN \ DEF:bout=$INFILE:OutOctets:AVERAGE \ DEF:boutmax=$INFILE:OutOctets:MAX \ DEF:boutmin=$INFILE:OutOctets:MIN \ CDEF:bin=binraw,-1,* \ CDEF:binmax=binmaxraw,-1,* \ CDEF:binmin=binminraw,-1,* \ CDEF:binminmax=binmaxraw,binminraw,- \ CDEF:boutminmax=boutmax,boutmin,- \ AREA:binmin#ffffff: \ STACK:binmax#f00000: \ LINE1:binmin#a0a0a0: \ LINE1:binmax#a0a0a0: \ LINE2:bin#efb71d:incoming \ GPRINT:bin:MIN:%.2lf \ GPRINT:bin:AVERAGE:%.2lf \ GPRINT:bin:MAX:%.2lf \ AREA:boutmin#ffffff: \ STACK:boutminmax#00f000: \ LINE1:boutmin#a0a0a0: \ LINE1:boutmax#a0a0a0: \ LINE2:bout#a0a735:outgoing \ GPRINT:bout:MIN:%.2lf \ GPRINT:bout:AVERAGE:%.2lf \ GPRINT:bout:MAX:%.2lf \ " $RRDTOOL graph $OUTDIR/$OUTPRE-hour.png -a PNG --start -14400 $DISP -w $WIDTH -h $HEIGHT $RRDTOOL graph $OUTDIR/$OUTPRE-day.png -a PNG --start -86400 $DISP -w $WIDTH -h $HEIGHT $RRDTOOL graph $OUTDIR/$OUTPRE-month.png -a PNG --start -2592000 $DISP -w $WIDTH -h $HEIGHT OUTPRE=lighttpd-requests DISP="-v req --title RequestsperSecond -u 1 \ DEF:req=$INFILE:Requests:AVERAGE \ DEF:reqmax=$INFILE:Requests:MAX \ DEF:reqmin=$INFILE:Requests:MIN \ CDEF:reqminmax=reqmax,reqmin,- \ AREA:reqmin#ffffff: \ STACK:reqminmax#00f000: \ LINE1:reqmin#a0a0a0: \ LINE1:reqmax#a0a0a0: \ LINE2:req#00a735:requests" $RRDTOOL graph $OUTDIR/$OUTPRE-hour.png -a PNG --start -14400 $DISP -w $WIDTH -h $HEIGHT $RRDTOOL graph $OUTDIR/$OUTPRE-day.png -a PNG --start -86400 $DISP -w $WIDTH -h $HEIGHT $RRDTOOL graph $OUTDIR/$OUTPRE-month.png -a PNG --start -2592000 $DISP -w $WIDTH -h $HEIGHT Basically it's not my script, i get it from somewhere from the internet. Now i would like to do the same for CPU usage and MEM usage. I don't like to use any additional packages! As you can see lighttpd populates lighttpd.rrd file with traffic data and requests per second. Now i would like to the system to populate second rrd file with CPU and MEM usage, so i can add to sh file code to generate graphs for this data. How can I populate RRD file with CPU and MEM usage data? Please, NO THIRD-PARTY tools !

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  • Configuring sudo to work without password

    - by aidan
    I'm trying to configure sudo to allow all users to restart apache without having to enter a password. Security concerns aside, why isn't this working? I added the line to /etc/sudoers: %admin ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl $sudo -l User aidan may run the following commands on this host: (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl (ALL) ALL $sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl [sudo] password for aidan: Thanks for any help.

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  • size of extent on LVM2

    - by piotrek
    in LVM1 there was a limit of 65k extends. So size of extent had to been chosen carefully between wasted space on partitions (to big extent) and maximal possible size of logical volume (too small extent). in lvm2 (according to http://docstore.mik.ua/manuals/hp-ux/en/5992-4589/apa.html) the limit is ~16 million extents. so the default size of 4mb gives ~60TB of LV size. so is there any point in making the extent larger than 4-16mb on a desktop? is there any performance degradation or other costs of having big number of extents?

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  • sendmail: how can I restrict access to clients that only have a valid certificate?

    - by lxg
    I want to reject all connections that don't present a valid SSL/TLS certificate. First of all is the access db file the correct one to be changing? I have already tried using the basic rule given in the documentation CertIssuer:/C=US/ST=California/O=endmail.org/OU=private/CN= Darth+20Mail+20+28Cert+29/[email protected] RELAY This will obviously need a rule afterward to filter and reject all that don't present the cert? Does anyone have any pointers as to what syntax I should use? wildcards? lxg

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  • Mod_security questions and on User-Agent types

    - by Tiffany Walker
    Very new to mod_sec I want to block a UA string and I noticed there are a few types: SecRule HTTP_User-Agent SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent What is the real difference between them? My block: SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "perl" "phase:2,pass,msg:'Perl based user agent identified'" Do I need to set a SecDefaultAction phase:2,deny,status:403,log,auditlog before that? Then any SecRule below that follows that action right?

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  • iptables dos limit for all ports

    - by user973917
    I know how to use limit conntrack option to allow for DoS protection. However, I want to add a protection to limit no more than say 50 connections for each port. How can I do this? Basically, I want to make sure that each port can have no more than 50 connections, rather than globally applying 50 connections (which is what #2 does I believe?) Would I do something like: iptables -A INPUT --dport 1:65535 -m limit --limit 50/minute --limit-burst 50 -j ACCEPT or iptables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 50/minute --limit-burst 50 -j ACCEPT

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  • when to set up a mail server?

    - by ajsie
    i've got a web service up and running with apache on ubuntu server in a vps from a hosting company (long sentence:)). i wonder when someone would like to set up a own mail server (postfix + dovecot)? cause i just want to be able to: send emails (account activation etc) to my users with php - the emails have to appear to come from the website's domain receive emails from my users (customer support etc) using Apple Mail/Microsoft Outlook. could this be accomplished with an email hosting company? are there situations i would benefit from setting up an own mail server on ubuntu?

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  • Going to directory using bash variables doesn't work when directory names have spaces

    - by gsingh2011
    Let's say I want to store the following command in a variable cd "/cygdrive/c/Program Files/" So I do this dir="cd \"/cygdrive/c/Program Files/\"" That should store the command to navigate to the Program Files directory, so when I type $dir it takes me to that directory. To check that the quotations have been properly escaped, I type echo $dir which gives me cd "/cygdrive/c/Program Files/" So everything should be working fine. However, when I type, $dir I get bash: cd: "/cygdrive/c/Program: No such file or directory What am I doing wrong? I'm using Cygwin, but I assume this problem applies to bash in general.

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  • Backtrack 4 internet problem/vmware tools

    - by Meiko
    Hi i recently installed "Backtrack 4" on my vmware workstation 6.5 and it wont install the vmware tools, and will neither let me drag and drop files into backtrack 4. My network connection says that dhcp is not enabled, but i went over to my reuter and checked and the dhcp was online (using Dir-300 from D-Link)

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  • Backup Xen domU machines while running.

    - by Jonathan Hawkes
    The host machine is running CentOS 5.3 and using LVM to create Logical Volumes (LVs) and to allow live snapshots to be taken of those LVs. My thought was to store all of the image files for the Xen underpriviledged domains (domU) in a single LV and periodically take a snapshot of that LV and copy the disk images out of the snapshot in order to make a live backup of these systems. Is this doable? Is there a better way? Thanks!

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  • socat and "no job control in this shell"

    - by Vi
    socat - exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,ctty - bash: no job control in this shell What options should I use to get fully fledged shell as I get with ssh/sshd? I want be able to connect the shell to everything socat can handle (socks5, udp, openssl), but also to have a nice shell which correctly interprets all keys, various Ctrl+C/Ctrl+Z and jobs control. /* Requested tags: socat job-control */

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  • Download - Upload is too slow on Centos

    - by Mehdi
    My download/upload in server and out of server is too slow (around 50 KB/s !) ! Did I miss some configuration ? Some information: CentOS release 6.3 uptime load average: 0.17, 0.32, 0.37 Memory free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 24009 21988 2021 0 806 18098 -/+ buffers/cache: 3083 20926 Swap: 4095 28 4067 lshw -C network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: 82574L Gigabit Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 00 serial: 00:25:90:70:17:4a size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=1.9.5-k duplex=full firmware=2.1-2 ip=108.175.8.123 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100MB/s resources: irq:16 memory:fb900000-fb91ffff ioport:e000(size=32) memory:fb920000-fb923fff ethtool ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: Not reported Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 100Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: off MDI-X: off Supports Wake-on: pumbg Wake-on: g Current message level: 0x00000001 (1) Link detected: yes dmesg |grep e1000e dmesg |grep e1000e e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 1.9.5-k e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2012 Intel Corporation. e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L0s e1000e 0000:02:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 33 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 34 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 35 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:25:90:70:17:4a e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: FFFFFF-0FF e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Unsupported Speed/Duplex configuration e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 10 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L1 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: changing MTU from 1500 to 9000 e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO

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  • racoon-tool doesn't generate full racoon.conf file in /var/lib/racoon/racoon.conf

    - by robthewolf
    I am using ipsec-tools/racoon to create my VPN. I am using racoon-tool to configure racoon.conf but when I run racoon-tool reload it only generates the first section - Global items. When I run racoon-tool I get: # racoon-tool reload Loading SAD and SPD... SAD and SPD loaded. Configuring racoon...done. This is the entire file /var/lib/racoon/racoon.conf # # Racoon configuration for Samuel # Generated on Wed Jan 5 21:31:49 2011 by racoon-tool # # # Global items # path pre_shared_key "/etc/racoon/psk.txt"; path certificate "/etc/racoon/certs"; log debug; I cannot find anywhere a solution as to why this is happening. Please help

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  • Filesystem access through web interface

    - by Jorge Suárez de Lis
    I have an SSH+Samba server so people can access its files from anywhere on the network. I thought it would be also interesting to provide access through a web interface, so they can access the files even when they don't have access to the VPN or a Samba/SSH client. Something like the Ubuntu One or Dropbox web interface. The http server could be on the same machine as the SSH+Samba, so it should just provide access to local files and some way to login with their username/password. Someone knows any software like this?

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  • Restrict SSH user to connection from one machine

    - by Jonathan
    During set-up of a home server (running Kubuntu 10.04), I created an admin user for performing administrative tasks that may require an unmounted home. This user has a home directory on the root partition of the box. The machine has an internet-facing SSH server, and I have restricted the set of users that can connect via SSH, but I would like to restrict it further by making admin only accessible from my laptop (or perhaps only from the local 192.168.1.0/24 range). I currently have only an AllowGroups ssh-users with myself and admin as members of the ssh-users group. What I want is something that works like you may expect this setup to work (but it doesn't): $ groups jonathan ... ssh-users $ groups admin ... ssh-restricted-users $ cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config ... AllowGroups ssh-users [email protected].* ... Is there a way to do this? I have also tried this, but it did not work (admin could still log in remotely): AllowUsers [email protected].* * AllowGroups ssh-users with admin a member of ssh-users. I would also be fine with only allowing admin to log in with a key, and disallowing password logins, but I could find no general setting for sshd; there is a setting that requires root logins to use a key, but not for general users.

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  • Log - Server kernel: INFO: task httpd:000000 blocked for more than 120 seconds

    - by valter
    Almost everyday my server is crashing due to hight server load, and even restarting apache or mysql can't solve the problem. I need to reboot the server to solve, or it crash again due to the high load. The log system records something like this when it crashes: Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: INFO: task httpd:20008 blocked for more than 120 seconds. Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: httpd D ffffffff801538ac 0 20008 5816 20066 19809 (NOTLB) Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: ffff81025a299dc8 0000000000000082 ffff81033b4c0740 ffffffff80009a14 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: ffff8101063f8d80 0000000000000009 ffff8100b758f7e0 ffff8101c57187e0 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: 00009436d4100b6c 000000000001d50f ffff8100b758f9c8 000000083b531588 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: Call Trace: Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80009a14>] __link_path_walk+0x173/0xfb9 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff8002cc16>] mntput_no_expire+0x19/0x89 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80063c4f>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x60/0x9b Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80023908>] __path_lookup_intent_open+0x56/0x97 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80063c99>] .text.lock.mutex+0xf/0x14 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff8001b21f>] open_namei+0xea/0x712 Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: [<ffffffff8002768a>] do_filp_open+0x1c/0x38 Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:30:48:9e:6e:99:08:00 SRC=208.43.135.158 DST=255.255.255.255 LEN=151 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=38354 DPT=6112 LEN=131 Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: [<ffffffff8001a061>] do_sys_open+0x44/0xbe Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: [<ffffffff8005d28d>] tracesys+0xd5/0xe0 I googled a lot trying to find a solution. But it looks that the solution is just to update the kernel or disk driver, thinks that I don't know how to do. In this url http://bugs.centos.org/view.php?id=4515 a lot o people report similar problems, except the fact that they are not related to httpd like mine. According to one member, one solution would be to add "elevator=noop " to /etc/grub.conf like in this example: title CentOS (2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 elevator=noop initrd /initrd-2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen.img Would this really solve the problem? My disk are working in RAID. Can this cause some problem to my server? Is there any other solution?

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