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• A Combinations of Items in Given List

  - by mecablaze

  Hello stackoverflow, I'm currently in Python land. This is what I need to do. I have already looked into the itertools library but it seems to only do permutations. I want to take an input list, like ['yahoo', 'wikipedia', 'freebase'] and generate every unique combination of one item with zero or more other items... ['yahoo', 'wikipedia', 'freebase'] ['yahoo', 'wikipedia'] ['yahoo', 'freebase'] ['wikipedia', 'freebase'] ['yahoo'] ['freebase'] ['wikipedia'] A few notes. Order does not matter and I am trying to design the method to take a list of any size. Also, is there a name for this kind of combination? Thanks for your help!

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• Writing to CSV issue in Spyder

  - by 0003

  I am doing the Kaggle Titanic beginner contest. I generally work in Spyder IDE, but I came across a weird issue. The expected output is supposed to be 418 rows. When I run the script from terminal the output I get is 418 rows (as expected). When I run it in Spyder IDE the output is 408 rows not 418. When I re-run it in the current python process, it outputs the expected 418 rows. I posted a redacted portion of the code that has all of the relevant bits. Any ideas? import csv import numpy as np csvFile = open("/train.csv","ra") csvFile = csv.reader(csvFile) header = csvFile.next() testFile = open("/test.csv","ra") testFile = csv.reader(testFile) testHeader = testFile.next() writeFile = open("/gendermodelDebug.csv", "wb") writeFile = csv.writer(writeFile) count = 0 for row in testFile: if row[3] == 'male': do something to row writeFile.writerow(row) count += 1 elif row[3] == 'female': do something to row writeFile.writerow(row) count += 1 else: raise ValueError("Did not find a male or female in %s" % row)

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• Linux - Programmatically write to a proc file

  - by Zach

  I have found several examples online where we can create a proc file, assign read and write methods that are called every time the proc file is opened for read or written to. However, I can't seem to find any documentation on how to programatically write to a proc file. Ideally, I would like to add a timestamp with other user details every time the proc file is opened for read or for write. Again, I've found where I can add the read and write functions that are triggered when the proc file is opened, but I can't find documentation on how to actually write to a proc file programatically. This would be different from a regular IO read/write, correct?

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• How do I export a package symbol to a namespace in Perl?

  - by Mike

  I'm having trouble understanding how to export a package symbol to a namespace. I've followed the documentation almost identically, but it seems to not know about any of the exporting symbols. mod.pm #!/usr/bin/perl package mod; use strict; use warnings; require Exporter; @ISA = qw(Exporter); @EXPORT=qw($a); our $a=(1); 1; test.pl $ cat test.pl #!/usr/bin/perl use mod; print($a); This is the result of running it $ ./test.pl Global symbol "@ISA" requires explicit package name at mod.pm line 10. Global symbol "@EXPORT" requires explicit package name at mod.pm line 11. Compilation failed in require at ./test.pl line 3. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./test.pl line 3. $ perl -version This is perl, v5.8.4 built for sun4-solaris-64int

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• Need help specifying a ending while condition

  - by johnthexiii

  I have written a Python script to download all of the xkcd comic images. The only problem is I can't tell it to stop when it gets to the last one... Here is what I have so far. import re, mechanize from urllib import urlretrieve from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as bs baseUrl = "http://xkcd.com/1/" #Specify the first comic page br = mechanize.Browser() #Create a browser response = br.open(baseUrl) #Create an initial response x = 1 #Assign an initial file name while (SomeCondition): soup = bs(response.get_data()) #Create an instance of bs that contains the response data img = soup.findAll('img')[1] #Get the online file path of the image localFile = "C:\\Comics\\xkcd\\" + str(x) + ".jpg" #Come up with a local file name urlretrieve(img["src"], localFile) #Download the image file response = br.follow_link(text = "Next >") #Store the response of the next button x += 1 #Increase x by 1 print "All xkcd comics downloaded" #Let the user know the images have been downloaded Initially what I had was something like while br.follow_link(text = "Next >") != br.follow_link(text = ">|"): but by doing this I actually send skip to the last page before the script has a chance to perform the intended purpose.

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• Sending object C from class A to class B

  - by user278618

  Hi, I can't figure out how to design classes in my system. In classA I create object selenium (it simulates user actions at website). In this ClassA I create another objects like SearchScreen, Payment_Screen and Summary_Screen. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class OurSiteTestCases(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 5555, "*chrome", "http://www.someaddress.com/") time.sleep(5) self.selenium.start() def test_buy_coffee(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open('/') sel.window_maximize() search_screen=SearchScreen(self.selenium) search_screen.choose('lavazza') payment_screen=PaymentScreen(self.selenium) payment_screen.fill_test_data() summary_screen=SummaryScreen(selenium) summary_screen.accept() def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() It's example SearchScreen module: class SearchScreen: def __init__(self,selenium): self.selenium=selenium def search(self): self.selenium.click('css=button.search') I want to know if there is anything ok with a design of those classes?

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• How to set the value of a wx.combobox by posting an event

  - by Adam Fraser

  The code below demonstrates the problem I am running into. I am creating a wx.ComboBox and trying to mimic it's functionality for testing purposes by posting a wxEVT_COMMAND_COMBOBOX_SELECTED event... this event strangely works fine for wx.Choice, but it doesn't do anything to the ComboBox. There doesn't appear to be a different event that I can post to the combobox, but maybe I'm missing something. I'm running this code on Python 2.5 on a Mac OSX 10.5.8 import wx app = wx.PySimpleApp() def on_btn(evt): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_COMBOBOX_SELECTED,combobox.Id) event.SetEventObject(combobox) event.SetInt(1) event.SetString('bar') combobox.Command(event) app.ProcessPendingEvents() frame = wx.Frame(None) panel = wx.Panel(frame, -1) # This doesn't work combobox = wx.ComboBox(panel, -1, choices=['foo','bar']) # This works #combobox = wx.Choice(panel, -1, choices=['foo','bar']) combobox.SetSelection(0) btn = wx.Button(panel, -1, 'asdf') btn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, on_btn) sz = wx.BoxSizer() sz.Add(combobox) sz.Add(btn) panel.SetSizer(sz) frame.Show() app.MainLoop()

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• Error 500 on template.render() with jinja2

  - by Asperitas

  I am working on playing with some Python to create a webapp. At first I put the HTML in a string, using %s to fill certain elements. That all worked perfectly. Now I want to put the HTML in a template, so I followed this tutorial. My code looks like this (I deleted irrelevant code for this error): import codecs import cgi import os import jinja2 jinja_environment = jinja2.Environment(loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__)))) class Rot13Handler(webapp2.RequestHandler): def get(self): template = jinja_environment.get_template('rot13.html') self.response.out.write(template.render({'text': ''})) When I replace just template.render({'text': ''}) a random string, the program works fine. I did add the latest jinja2 library to my app.yaml, and naturally my rot13.html does exist with the {{ text }} added. So could anyone please help me in the right direction? I don't know why it's going wrong.

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• Inspiration and influence of the else clause of loop statements?

  - by Aristide

  Python offers an optional loop-else clause which is executed if and only if the loop is not terminated by a break. (In other words, the condition fails for a while-loop or the iterator is exhausted for a for-loop.) Does this loop-else construct originate from another language? (Either theoretical or actually implemented.) Has it been taken up in any newer language? Maybe I should ask the former of Guido, but surely he is too busy for such a futile inquiry. ;-) Related discussion and examples: Pythonic ways to use ‘else’ in a for loop

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• Pyserial : How to send data to drive SIPO

  - by bino oetomo

  Dear All .. I'm learning to drive a stepper motor with Python. It's hard now to find a PC with paralel port. So My plan is using a USB-Serial .. and a SIPO (serial in parallel out) shift register circuit. As you know with this circuit we need to send a binary data in series and this data will be stored in it's register. Next we need to send another one pulse to make it shift the data out to the out-port. How to do it using pyserial ? Sincerely -bino-

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• QtWebkit and hasPendingEvents() always True

  - by Deorf

  Hello. I use project webkit2png (slightly appended) to take screenshots in Linux. On the server running the latest version QtWebkit and Python 2.6 On some sites (eg 118114.cn) problem and the application hangs forever. Debug shows that the problem in this code snippet: while self.__loading:    if timeout 0 and time.time() = cancelAt:       raise RuntimeError("Request timed out on %s" % url)    while QApplication.hasPendingEvents():       QCoreApplication.processEvents() Full version of the source code is available here (lines 270-275) Somehow Loading-event hangs and hasPendingEvents can not be False. Most of the screenshots are created normally, but sometimes due to some URL drops my app: ( Does anyone know how to solve this problem and why the event hangs?

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• Hot to log in to a website using installed twill?

  - by brilliant

  Hello, everybody!!!! I have just successfully installed TWILL on my computer with the help of one very supportive member of "StackOverflow" (you can check it out HERE) and have tried to run one of the simple examples on the twill documentation page (you can see that page HERE). Here is that example: Let's say my username on www.slash.org is lynxye and my password is mammal. When I try to enter that exanple code into my Python prompt, I can only enter the first line of the code bexcause when I click on "Enter" to start a new line, I get some error messages right away: The same happens when I try to enter this code into my terminal: I think I miss out on some basics here. Perhaps, I need to create a file that would contain that code and then run that file somehow, but I really don't know where I need to create that file and with what extensdion. Can anyone, please, help me with this?

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• Counting vowels in a string using recursion

  - by Daniel Love Jr

  In my python class we are learning about recursion. I understand that it's when a function calls itself, however for this particular assignment I can't figure out how exactly to get my function to call it self to get the desired results. I need to simply count the vowels in the string given to the function. def recVowelCount(s): 'return the number of vowels in s using a recursive computation' vowelcount = 0 vowels = "aEiou".lower() if s[0] in vowels: vowelcount += 1 else: ??? I'm really not sure where to go with this, it's quite frustrating. I came up with this in the end, thanks to some insight from here. def recVowelCount(s): 'return the number of vowels in s using a recursive computation' vowels = "aeiouAEIOU" if s == "": return 0 elif s[0] in vowels: return 1 + recVowelCount(s[1:]) else: return 0 + recVowelCount(s[1:])

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• What are some good ways to do intermachine locking?

  - by mike

  Our server cluster consists of 20 machines, each with 10 pids of 5 threads. We'd like some way to prevent any two threads, in any pid, on any machine, from modifying the same object at the same time. Our code's written in Python and runs on Linux, if that helps narrow things down. Also, it's a pretty rare case that two such threads want to do this, so we'd prefer something that optimizes the "only one thread needs this object" case to be really fast, even if it means that the "one thread has locked this object and another one needs it" case isn't great. What are some of the best practices?

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• Right design to validate attributes of a class instance

  - by systempuntoout

  Having a simple Python class like this: class Spam(object): __init__(self, description, value): self.description = description self.value = value Which is the correct approach to check these constraints: "description cannot be empty" "value must be greater than zero" Should i: 1.validate data before creating spam object ? 2.check data on __init__ method ? 3.create an is_valid method on Spam class and call it with spam.isValid() ? 4.create an is_valid static method on Spam class and call it with Spam.isValid(description, value) ? 5.check data on setters? 6.... Could you recommend a well designed\Pythonic\not verbose (on class with many attributes)\elegant approach?

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• Django: Why Doesn't the Current URL Match any Patterns in urls.py

  - by austin_sherron

  I've found a few questions here related to my issue, but I haven't found anything that has helped me resolve my issue. I'm using Python 2.7.5 and Django 1.8.dev20140627143448. I have a view that's interacting with my database to delete objects, and it takes two arguments in addition to a request: def delete_data_item(request, dataclass_id, dataitem_id): form = AddDataItemForm(request.POST) data_set = get_object_or_404(DataClass, pk=dataclass_id) context = {'data_set': data_set, 'form': form} data_item = get_object_or_404(DataItem, pk=dataitem_id) data_item.delete() data_set.save() return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('detail', args=(dataclass_id,))) The URL in myapp.urls.py looks something like this: url(r'^(?P<dataclass_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<dataitem_id>[0-9]+)/delete_data_item/$', views.delete_data_item, name='delete_data_item') and the portion of my template relevant to the view is: <a href="{% url 'delete_data_item' data_set.id data_item.id %}">DELETE</a> Whenever I click on the DELETE link, django tells me that the request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/5/%7B%%20url%20'delete_data_item'%20data_set.id%20data_item.id%20%%7D doesn't match any of my URL patterns. What am I missing? The URL on which the DELETE links exist is myapp/(<dataclass_id>[0-9]+)/

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• How to prevent lxml prom compacting elements?

  - by Almad

  Having following Python code: >>> from lxml import etree >>> root = etree.XML("<a><b></b></a>") >>> etree.tostring(root) '<a><b/></a>' How can I force lxml to use "long" version? Like >>> etree.tostring(root) '<a><b></b></a>'

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• inode_operations , warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type

  - by djTeller

  Hi everyone, I'm trying to compile a simple Kernel program that read and write from a proc file. I'm trying to set permission to that file by overriding the permission fp in inode_operations struct (.permission) static int module_permission(struct inode *inode, int op, struct nameidata *foo) { . . . } static struct inode_operations Inode_Ops_4_Our_Proc_File = { .permission = module_permission, /* check for permissions */ }; Our_Proc_File->proc_iops = &Inode_Ops_4_Our_Proc_File; For some reason, when I compile this i get - warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type on the following line: .permission = module_permission, /* check for permissions */ Any idea how to solve this? Thanks!

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• Universal syntax file format?

  - by Isaiah

  Hey as a project to improve my programing skills I've begun programing a nice code editor in python to teach myself project management, version control, and gui programming. I was wanting to utilize syntax files made for other programs so I could have a large collection already. I was wondering if there was any kind of universal syntax file format much in the same sense as .odt files. I heard of one once in a forum, it had a website, but I can't remember it now. If not I may just try to use gedit syntax files or geany. thanks

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• Conventional Approaches for Passing Data to Back-End?

  - by Calvin

  Hi guys, I'm fairly new to web development, so please pardon the painfully newbie question that's about to follow. My computer science class group and I are developing a web application for class, which is built in Python (under Django) and uses jQuery on the front end. It's primarily an AJAX-ified application, and passing data from the backend to the front end is done through AJAX calls to specific URLs which return JSON. This is probably a stupid question, but what's the conventional approach for passing data in the opposite direction? We don't want to reload the page or anything, so is it an AJAX pass going the other way or something? Thanks in advance for your help!

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• reading csv file without for

  - by Abruzzo Forte e Gentile

  Hi All I need to read a CSV file in python. Since for last row I receive a 'NULL byte' error I would like to avoid using for keyword but the while. Do you know how to do that? reader = csv.reader( file ) for row in reader # I have an error at this line # do whatever with row I want to substitute the for-loop with a while-loop so that I can check if the row is NULL or not. What is the function for reading a single row in the CSV module? Thanks Thanks p.S. below the traceback Traceback (most recent call last): File "FetchNeuro_TodayTrades.py", line 189, in for row in reader: _csv.Error: line contains NULL byte

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• Converting human readable date into integer values

  - by kahrn

  Hello all, I am looking to do something really simple. Merely convert a string, such as 'december' into something I can use with MySQL (such as '12'). At the moment I use a dict, month_map = { 'december': '12', 'november': '11', 'october': '10', 'september': '09', 'august': '08', 'july': '07', 'june': '06', 'may': '05', 'april': '04', 'march': '03', 'february': '02', 'january': '01' } and then month_map.get('december'). Does any function already exist within the standard python modules that can achieve this? Apologies if this has already been asked.. the questions I have found using search seem a little different.

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• Which technology(s) / language(s) to write linux web application/service? [closed]

  - by Lee Tickett

  I am currently playing with some open source home automation software www.domotiga.nl The software is built in Gambas2 (a graphical programming language similar to visual basic). I am considering building something similar or porting domotiga to a server based application/service. The application would need a web front end and i will likely be developing in debian (arm). But i'm not sure if php or python are suitable for server based applications which need to be always running (collecting data etc) rather than just running when accessed. Which technology(s) / language(s) would you suggest i look into? I used to do a lot of Visual Basic, then VB.NET, now C# and have played with php a few years back- but don't really want this to sway the decision too much as i should be able to pickup whatever language if i decide to proceed.

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• sqlite3.OperationalError: database is locked - non-threaded application

  - by James C

  Hi, I have a Python application which throws the standard sqlite3.OperationalError: database is locked error. I have looked around the internet and could not find any solution which worked (please note that there is no multiprocesses/threading going on, and as you can see I have tried raising the timeout parameter). The sqlite file is stored on the local hard drive. The following function is one of many which accesses the sqlite database, and runs fine the first time it is called, but throws the above error the second time it is called (it is called as part of a for loop in another function): def update_index(filepath): path = get_setting('Local', 'web') stat = os.stat(filepath) modified = stat.st_mtime index_file = get_setting('Local', 'index') connection = sqlite3.connect(index_file, 30) cursor = connection.cursor() head, tail = os.path.split(filepath) cursor.execute('UPDATE hwlive SET date=? WHERE path=? AND name=?;', (modified, head, tail)) connection.commit() connection.close() Many thanks.

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• Access to an "upper" instance of a class from another instance of a different class

  - by BorrajaX

  Hello everyone! I have a tricky question and probably what I want to do is not even possible but... who knows... Python seems very flexible and powerful... I'd like to know if there's a way to access to the class (or its fields) where an object is instanciated. Let's say I have: def Class1: def __init__(self): self.title = "randomTitle" self.anotherField = float() self.class2Field = Class2() and the class whose type will be the class2Field: def Class2: def __init__(self): self.field1 = "" self.field2 = "" # . . . # I'd like to know if there's a way to access the instance of Class1 from the instance of Class2 that is declared in Class1 (meaning, accessing the fields of Class1 from the variable self.class2Field in that Class1 instance) I know I can always change the init in Class2 to accept a Class1 parameter, but I'd like to know if there's another way of "climbing" through the class hierachy... Thank you very much!

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