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• How do I stop XNA/Visual Studio from rebuilding my content project every time I build?

  - by Phil Quinn

  My group and I are working on a game in XNA 4.0 with Visual Studio 2010/2012. The main solution has 6 projects: 2 XNA game projects (1 executable/ 1 class library), 1 WPF executable for the level editor, 2 standard class libraries, and a content project. Originally, the editor and engine XNA game projects had a content reference to separate content projects. Recently, I consolidated the content projects into one to simplify asset additions. Since pushing these changes to our git repo, certain members of my group have been experiencing weird build issues. Every time they run the project, they have to re-build all of the assets. This happens regardless of whether any changes were made, even if they just run the project directly after building. I've taken a few steps to figure out why this is happening. Below is the MSBuild output set on Normal verbosity. The seemingly important part is at 4, with the line 4> Rebuilding all content because build settings have changed 1>------ Build started: Project: Engine.Core, Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 1>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:24 AM. 1>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 1> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 1>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 1>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 1>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>CoreCompile: 1>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>XnaWriteCacheFile: 1>Skipping target "XnaWriteCacheFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 1> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 1>_CopyAppConfigFile: 1>Skipping target "_CopyAppConfigFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 1> Engine.Core -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\bin\x86\Debug\TimeSink.Engine.Core.dll 1> 1>Build succeeded. 1> 1>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.13 2>------ Build started: Project: TimeSink.Entities, Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 2>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:25 AM. 2>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 2> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 2>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 2>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 2>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>CoreCompile: 2>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>XnaWriteCacheFile: 2>Skipping target "XnaWriteCacheFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 2> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 2>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 2> TimeSink.Entities -> <solution-dir>\src\TimeSink.Entities\bin\x86\Debug\TimeSink.Entities.dll 2> 2>Build succeeded. 2> 2>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.11 3>------ Build started: Project: Editor (Editor\Editor), Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 4>------ Build started: Project: Engine.Game, Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 3>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:25 AM. 3>CoreCompile: 3> All content is already up to date 3>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 3> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 3>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 3>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 3>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>CoreCompile: 3>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>XnaWriteCacheFile: 3>Skipping target "XnaWriteCacheFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 3> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 3>_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory: 3>Skipping target "_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 3> Editor -> <solution-dir>\src\Editor\Editor\bin\x86\Debug\Editor.dll 3> 3>Build succeeded. 3> 3>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.39 4>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:25 AM. 4>CoreCompile: 4> Rebuilding all content because build settings have changed 4> Building Textures\circle.png -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\circle.xnb 4> Importing Textures\circle.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.TextureImporter 4> Processing Textures\circle.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.TextureProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\circle.xnb 4> Building Textures\giroux.png -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\giroux.xnb 4> Importing Textures\giroux.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.TextureImporter 4> Processing Textures\giroux.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.TextureProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\giroux.xnb 4> Building Textures\Body_Neutral.png -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\Body_Neutral.xnb 4> Importing Textures\Body_Neutral.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.TextureImporter 4> Processing Textures\Body_Neutral.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.TextureProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\Body_Neutral.xnb 4> Building font.spritefont -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\font.xnb 4> Importing font.spritefont with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.FontDescriptionImporter 4> Processing font.spritefont with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.FontDescriptionProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\font.xnb 4>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 4> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 4>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 4>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 4>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>CoreCompile: 4>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 4> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 4>_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory: 4>Skipping target "_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>_CopyAppConfigFile: 4>Skipping target "_CopyAppConfigFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 4> Engine.Game -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Engine.Game.exe 4>IncrementalClean: 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\circle.xnb". 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\giroux.xnb". 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Body_Neutral.xnb". 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\font.xnb". 4> 4>Build succeeded. 4> 4>Time Elapsed 00:00:01.72 ========== Build: 4 succeeded, 0 failed, 1 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== I can't think of how build settings could change between consecutive executions. Like I said, this only happens for half our group. One member is on a 32-bit Windows 7 Prof bootcamp partition on a Mac. Everyone else, including those who don't have the issue, are running straight 64-bit Windows 7 Prof. Both have tried using VS 2010 and VS 2012. Any insight would be greatly appreciated. Also, I can post more details upon request if this isn't thorough enough.

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• Game Maker Studio Gravity Problems

  - by Dusty

  I've started messing around with Game Maker Studio. The problem I'm having is trying to get a gravity code for orbiting. Here's how i did it in XNA foreach (GravItem Item in StarSystem.ActiveItems.OfType<GravItem>()) { if (this != Item) { Velocity += (10 * Vector2.Normalize(Item.Position - this.Position * (this.Mass * Item.Mass) / (Vector2.DistanceSquared(this.Position, Item.Position)) / (this.Mass)); } } Simple and works well, things or bit and everything is nice. but in Game maker i don't have the luxury of Vector2's or a For-each loop to loop threw all the objects that have a mass. I've tried a few different things but nothing seems to work distance = distance_to_object(obj_moon); //--Gravity hspeed += (0.5 * (distance) * (Mass * obj_moon.Mass) / (sqr(distance)) / Mass) vspeed += (0.5 * (distance) * (Mass * obj_moon.Mass) / (sqr(distance)) / Mass) thanks for the help

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• Implement Negascout Algorithm with stack

  - by Dan

  I'm not familiar with how these stack exchange accounts work so if this is double posting I apologize. I asked the same thing on stackoverflow. I have added an AI routine to a game I am working on using the Negascout algorithm. It works great, but when I set a higher maximum depth it can take a few seconds to complete. The problem is it blocks the main thread, and the framework I am using does not have a way to deal with multi-threading properly across platforms. So I am trying to change this routine from recursively calling itself, to just managing a stack (vector) so that I can progress through the routine at a controlled pace and not lock up the application while the AI is thinking. I am getting hung up on the second recursive call in the loop. It relies on a returned value from the first call, so I don't know how to add these to a stack. My Working c++ Recursive Code: MoveScore abNegascout(vector<vector<char> > &board, int ply, int alpha, int beta, char piece) { if (ply==mMaxPly) { return MoveScore(evaluation.evaluateBoard(board, piece, oppPiece)); } int currentScore; int bestScore = -INFINITY; MoveCoord bestMove; int adaptiveBeta = beta; vector<MoveCoord> moveList = evaluation.genPriorityMoves(board, piece, findValidMove(board, piece, false)); if (moveList.empty()) { return MoveScore(bestScore); } bestMove = moveList[0]; for(int i=0;i<moveList.size();i++) { MoveCoord move = moveList[i]; vector<vector<char> > newBoard; newBoard.insert( newBoard.end(), board.begin(), board.end() ); effectMove(newBoard, piece, move.getRow(), move.getCol()); // First Call ****** MoveScore current = abNegascout(newBoard, ply+1, -adaptiveBeta, -max(alpha,bestScore), oppPiece); currentScore = - current.getScore(); if (currentScore>bestScore){ if (adaptiveBeta == beta || ply>=(mMaxPly-2)){ bestScore = currentScore; bestMove = move; }else { // Second Call ****** current = abNegascout(newBoard, ply+1, -beta, -currentScore, oppPiece); bestScore = - current.getScore(); bestMove = move; } if(bestScore>=beta){ return MoveScore(bestMove,bestScore); } adaptiveBeta = max(alpha, bestScore) + 1; } } return MoveScore(bestMove,bestScore); } If someone can please help by explaining how to get this to work with a simple stack. Example code would be much appreciated. While c++ would be perfect, any language that demonstrates how would be great. Thank You.

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• Gesture Detector not firing

  - by Tyler

  So I'm trying to create a input class that implements a InputHandler & GestureListener in order to support both Android & Desktop. The problem is that not all the methods are being called properly. Here is the input class definition & a couple of the methods: public class InputHandler implements GestureListener, InputProcessor{ ... public InputHandler(OrthographicCamera camera, Map m, Player play, Vector2 maxPos) { ... @Override public boolean zoom(float originalDistance, float currentDistance) { //this.zoom = true; this.zoomRatio = originalDistance / currentDistance; cam.zoom = cam.zoom * zoomRatio; Gdx.app.log("GestureDetector", "Zoom - ratio: " + zoomRatio); return true; } @Override public boolean touchDown(int x, int y, int pointerNum, int button) { booleanConditions[TOUCH_EVENT] = true; this.inputButton = button; this.inputFingerNum = pointerNum; this.lastTouchEventLoc.set(x,y); this.currentCursorPos.set(x,y); if(pointerNum == 1) { //this.fingerOne = true; this.fOnePosition.set(x, y); } else if(pointerNum == 2) { //this.fingerTwo = true; this.fTwoPosition.set(x,y); } Gdx.app.log("GestureDetector", "touch down at " + x + ", " + y + ", pointer: " + pointerNum); return true; } The touchDown event always occurs but I can never trigger Zoom (or pan among others...). The following is where I register and create the input handler in the "Game Screen". public class GameScreen implements Screen { ... this.inputHandler = new InputHandler(this.cam, this.map, this.player, this.map.maxCamPos); Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(this.inputHandler); Anyone have any ideas why zoom, pan, etc... are not triggering? Thanks!

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• Camera Projection back Into 3D world, offset error

  - by Anthony

  I'm using XNA to simulate a robot in a 3D world and then do image analysis on what the camera sees. I have my camera looking down in front of the direction that the robot is going, and I have the robot detecting white pixels. I'm trying to take the white pixels that it finds and project them back into the 3D world so that I can see if it is actually detecting the correct pixels. I almost have it working, but there is an offset between where the white is in in the World and were I put my orange triangles (which represent what the robot things is white). /// <summary> /// Takes a bool map of and makes vertex positions based on the map. /// </summary> /// <param name="c"> The bool map</param> private void ProjectBoolMapOnGroundAnthony2(bool[,] c) { float triangleSize = 0.04f; // Point of interest in World W cordinate system. Vector3 pointOfInterest_W = Vector3.Zero; // Point of interest in Robot Cordinate system R Vector3 pointOfInterest_R = Vector3.Zero; // alpha is the angle from the robot camera to where it is looking in the center. //double alpha = Math.Atan(1.8f / 1); /// Matrix representation of the view determined by the position, target, and updirection. Matrix View = ((SimulationMain)Game).mainRobot.robotCameraView.View; /// Matrix representation of the view determined by the angle of the field of view (Pi/4), aspectRatio, nearest plane visible (1), and farthest plane visible (1200) Matrix Projection = ((SimulationMain)Game).mainRobot.robotCameraView.Projection; /// Matrix representing how the real world cordinates differ from that of the rendering by the camera. Matrix World = ((SimulationMain)Game).mainRobot.robotCameraView.World; Plane groundPlan = new Plane(Vector3.UnitZ, 0.0f); for (int x = 0; x < this.screenWidth; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < this.screenHeight; ) { if (c[x, y] == true && this.count1D < 62000) { int j = 1; Vector3 nearPlanePoint = Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 0), Projection, View, World); Vector3 farPlanePoint = Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 1), Projection, View, World); //Vector3 pointOfInterest_W = Vector3.in Ray ray = new Ray(nearPlanePoint, farPlanePoint); pointOfInterest_W = ray.Position + ray.Direction * (float) ray.Intersects(groundPlan); this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.X = pointOfInterest_W.X - triangleSize; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.Y = pointOfInterest_W.Y - triangleSize * j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.Z = pointOfInterest_W.Z; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Color = Color.DarkOrange; // Put another vertex a the position but +1 in the X direction triangleSize //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.X = pointOnGroud.X + 3; //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.Y = pointOnGroud.Y + j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.X = pointOfInterest_W.X; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.Y = pointOfInterest_W.Y + triangleSize * j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.Z = pointOfInterest_W.Z; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Color = Color.Red; // Put another vertex a the position but +1 in the X direction //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.X = pointOnGroud.X; //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.Y = pointOnGroud.Y + 3 + j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Position.X = pointOfInterest_W.X + triangleSize; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Position.Y = pointOfInterest_W.Y - triangleSize * j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Position.Z = pointOfInterest_W.Z; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Color = Color.Orange; this.count1D += 3; y += j; } else { y++; } } } } The world is a grass texture with lines on it. The world plane is normal at (0,0,1). Any ideas on why there is an offset? Any Ideas? Thanks for the help, Anthony G.

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• Should pathfinder in A* hold closedSet and openedSet or each object should hold its sets?

  - by Patryk

  I am about to implement A* pathfinding algorithm and I wonder how should I implement this - from the point of view of architecture. I have the pathfinder as a class - I think I will instantiate only one object of this class (or maybe make it a Singleton - this is not so important). The hardest part for me is whether the closedSet and openedSet should be attached to objects that can find the path for them or should be stored in pathfinder class ? I am opened to any hints and critique whatsoever. What is the best practice considering pathfinding in terms of design ?

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• jMonkey Quest Database

  - by theJollySin

  I am building a game in jMonkey (Java) and I have so far only used default quest text. But now I need to start populating a lot of quests with text. My design requires A LOT of quests texts. What is the best way to build a database of quest texts in jMonkey? I don't have a lot of real experience with databases. Is there a database that integrates well with jMonkey? Here are the ideal properties I want in my database, in order of priority: Reasonably light learning curve Easy portability (in Java) to Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX Good interface with Java Good interface with jMonkey The ability to add properties to the quests: ID, level, gender, quest chain ID, etc. Or am I wrong in thinking I need to use some giant monster like SQL? I haven't been able to find much information on this, so are people using some non-database methods for storing things like quest text in jMonkey?

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• FloodFill Algorithm for Game of Go

  - by Jackson Borghi

  I'm having a hell of a time trying to figure out how to make captured stones disappear. I've read everywhere that I should use the FloodFill algorithm, but I havent had any luck with that so far. Any help would be amazing! Here is my code: package Go; import static java.lang.Math.; import static stdlib.StdDraw.; import java.awt.Color; public class Go2 { public static Color opposite(Color player) { if (player == WHITE) { return BLACK; } return WHITE; } public static void drawGame(Color[][] board) { Color[][][] unit = new Color[400][19][19]; for (int h = 0; h < 400; h++) { for (int x = 0; x < 19; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 19; y++) { unit[h][x][y] = YELLOW; } } } setXscale(0, 19); setYscale(0, 19); clear(YELLOW); setPenColor(BLACK); line(0, 0, 0, 19); line(19, 19, 19, 0); line(0, 19, 19, 19); line(0, 0, 19, 0); for (double i = 0; i < 19; i++) { line(0.0, i, 19, i); line(i, 0.0, i, 19); } for (int x = 0; x < 19; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 19; y++) { if (board[x][y] != YELLOW) { setPenColor(board[x][y]); filledCircle(x, y, 0.47); setPenColor(GRAY); circle(x, y, 0.47); } } } int h = 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { int px; int py; Color[][] temp = new Color[19][19]; Color[][] board = new Color[19][19]; Color player = WHITE; for (int i = 0; i < 19; i++) { for (int h = 0; h < 19; h++) { board[i][h] = YELLOW; temp[i][h] = YELLOW; } } while (true) { drawGame(board); while (!mousePressed()) { } px = (int) round(mouseX()); py = (int) round(mouseY()); board[px][py] = player; while (mousePressed()) { } floodFill(px, py, player, board, temp); System.out.print("XXXXX = "+ temp[px][py]); if (checkTemp(temp, board, px, py)) { for (int x = 0; x < 19; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 19; y++) { if (temp[x][y] == GRAY) { board[x][y] = YELLOW; } } } } player = opposite(player); } } private static boolean checkTemp(Color[][] temp, Color[][] board, int x, int y) { if (x < 19 && x > -1 && y < 19 && y > -1) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (x == 18) { if (temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (y == 18) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (y == 0) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x - 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } if (x == 0) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == YELLOW || temp[x][y - 1] == YELLOW || temp[x][y + 1] == YELLOW) { return false; } } else { if (x < 19) { if (temp[x + 1][y] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x + 1, y); } } if (x >= 0) { if (temp[x - 1][y] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x - 1, y); } } if (y < 19) { if (temp[x][y + 1] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x, y + 1); } } if (y >= 0) { if (temp[x][y - 1] == GRAY) { checkTemp(temp, board, x, y - 1); } } } return true; } private static void floodFill(int x, int y, Color player, Color[][] board, Color[][] temp) { if (board[x][y] != player) { return; } else { temp[x][y] = GRAY; System.out.println("x = " + x + " y = " + y); if (x < 19) { floodFill(x + 1, y, player, board, temp); } if (x >= 0) { floodFill(x - 1, y, player, board, temp); } if (y < 19) { floodFill(x, y + 1, player, board, temp); } if (y >= 0) { floodFill(x, y - 1, player, board, temp); } } } }

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• How can I author objects with perspective that fit into a tile-based map but span multiple tiles?

  - by Growler

  I'm creating a tilemap city and trying to figure out the most efficient way to create unique building scenes. The trick is, I need to maintain a sort of 2D, almost-top-down perspective, which is hard to do with buildings or large objects that span multiple tiles. I've tried doing three buildings at a time, and mixing and matching the base layer and colors, like this: This creates a weird overlapping effect, and also doesn't seem that efficient from a production standpoint. But it was the best way to have shadows appear correctly on the neighboring buildings. I'm wondering if modular buildings would be the way to go? That way I can mix and match any set of buildings together as tiles: I guess I would have to risk some perspective and shadowing to get the buildings to align correctly. What sort of authoring process could I use to allow me to create a variety of buildings (or other objects) that maintain this perspective while spanning multiple tiles worth of screen space? Would you recommend creating blank buildings, and then affixing art overlays as necessary to make the buildings unique? Or should they be directly part of the building tile (for example, create a separate tileset of buildings signs and colorings)?

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• OpenGL - Cascaded shadow mapping - Texture lookup

  - by Silverlan

  I'm trying to implement cascaded shadow mapping in my engine, but I'm somewhat stuck at the last step. For testing purposes I've made sure all cascades encompass my entire scene. The result is currently this: The different intensity of the cascades is not on purpose, it's actually the problem. This is how I do the texture lookup for the shadow maps inside the fragment shader: layout(std140) uniform CSM { vec4 csmFard; // far distances for each cascade mat4 csmVP[4]; // View-Projection Matrix int numCascades; // Number of cascades to use. In this example it's 4. }; uniform sampler2DArrayShadow csmTextureArray; // The 4 shadow maps in vec4 csmPos[4]; // Vertex position in shadow MVP space float GetShadowCoefficient() { int index = numCascades -1; vec4 shadowCoord; for(int i=0;i<numCascades;i++) { if(gl_FragCoord.z < csmFard[i]) { shadowCoord = csmPos[i]; index = i; break; } } shadowCoord.w = shadowCoord.z; shadowCoord.z = float(index); shadowCoord.x = shadowCoord.x *0.5f +0.5f; shadowCoord.y = shadowCoord.y *0.5f +0.5f; return shadow2DArray(csmTextureArray,shadowCoord).x; } I then use the return value and simply multiply it with the diffuse color. That explains the different intensity of the cascades, since I'm grabbing the depth value directly from the texture. I've tried to do a depth comparison instead, but with limited success: [...] // Same code as above shadowCoord.w = shadowCoord.z; shadowCoord.z = float(index); shadowCoord.x = shadowCoord.x *0.5f +0.5f; shadowCoord.y = shadowCoord.y *0.5f +0.5f; float z = shadow2DArray(csmTextureArray,shadowCoord).x; if(z < shadowCoord.w) return 0.25f; return 1.f; } While this does give me the same shadow value everywhere, it only works for the first cascade, all others are blank: (I colored the cascades because otherwise the transitions wouldn't be visible in this case) What am I missing here?

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• Questions about XNA

  - by Maik Klein

  I've read tons of different threads about XNA, but I still have some questions. First of all: I have 2 years of experience programming and C# is my main language, so XNA would fit perfectly for me, but I have some concerns. People mentioned that C# has a performance loss compared to C++. Is this true? XNA only supports DirectX 9. I found the ANX framework which is pretty similar to XNA but it is capable of DirectX 11. Would this be a good alternative ? Because I'm worried about the performance loss of C#, I searched for a C++ framework and found SFML. It's based on C++ but can be integrated into C#. I already have some experience with UDK, but I am really interested in creating more by myself ( lighting physics etc ). I didn't start yet, what would you recommend me to use / learn ? I am going to create a first person shooter (3D) and I have plenty of time for this. My aim is realtime lighting, realtime global illumination, image-based reflections etc. I want to develop for Windows. Edit: I found something interesting: OpenTK. It supports the latest version of OpenGL which is on the same level as DX11 (if my knowledge is correct). It makes use of mono.

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• Where are all the tutorials for libGDX?

  - by BluFire

  I've searched online for help and tutorials on LibGDX but I couldn't really find any, except and the wiki for asking questions on stackexchange. Besides the source (demos) and wiki, is there any other tutorials online that's hidden or indirect? From what I read, there isn't much documentation for LibGDX, so there's only two options I see Give up move to a different framework. Ask people a lot of questions.

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• Adding new events to be handled by script part without recompilation of c++ source code

  - by paul424

  As in title I want to write an Event system with handling methods written in external script language, that is Angelscript. The AS methods would have acess to game's world modifing API ( which has to be regsitered for Angelscript Machine as the game starts) . I have come to this problem : if we use the Angelsript for rapid prototyping of the game's world behavior , we would like to be able to define new Event Types, without recompiling the main binary. Is that ever possible , don't stick to Angelscript, I think about any possible scripting language. The main thought is this : If there's some really new Event possible to be constructed , we must monitor some information coming from the binary, for example some variable value changing and the Events are just triggered on some conditions on those changes , wer might be monitoring the Creatures HP, by having a function call on each change, there we could define new Events such as Creature hurt, creature killed, creature healed , creature killed and tormented to pieces ( like geting HP very much below 0 ) . Are there any other ideas of constructing new Events at the scripting side ?

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• How to Best Optimize up Model Transforms, Import 3DS Animations Into XNA 4.0?

  - by Jason R. Mick

  Relative beginner to XNA, but trying to build a multi-purpose (3D) game frameworking in XNA 4. Been using the Reed (O'Reilly) and Cawood/McGee (McGraw Hill) guides. My question is multi-faceted and involves how to most efficiently handle models. I'm using 3DS Max 2010 with kw-Xport to ship out my models as .X files. Solved an early problem by using my depth stencil state. My models are now loading properly (yay!) and I have basic bounding working, I just want to optimize transforming models and get animations working as a next step. My questions on models are: 1. Do you have any suggestions for good resources on exporting 3DS animations to XNA? I've seen some resources on how to handle animations in XNA, but most skimp on basic topics of how to convert multi-animation 3DS files. For example how do I take one big long string of keyframed animations (say running, frame 5-20, climbing frames 25-45, etc.) and turned them into named XNA animations. To my understanding every XNA animation has to have a name, but I haven't seen any tutorials on creating a new named animation from a subset of frames. 2. Is it faster to load a model once and animate/transform that base model on the fly @ draw time, or to load multiple models? My game will have multiple enemies, and I've already seen some lagginess in XNA, so II want to make my code efficient... 3. I've heard people on app hub talking about making custom content processors for models-- what is the benefit of this? Does it speed up transforming or animating the models? If so, can you point me towards any good (model-centric) tutorials? (I've built a custom height map content processor to generate terrain, following Cawood's examples, I'm just a bit confused as to how a model content processor would be implemented.)

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• Why do my LWJGL fonts have dots and lines around them?

  - by Jordan

  When we render fonts there are weird dots and lines around the text. I have no idea why this would happen. Here is an image of what it looks like: Our font class looks like this: package me.NJ.ComputerTycoon.Font; import me.NJ.ComputerTycoon.BaseObjects.UDim2; import org.lwjgl.opengl.Display; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; import org.newdawn.slick.TrueTypeFont; public class Font { public TrueTypeFont font; private int fontSize = 18; private String fontName = "Calibri"; private int fontStyle = java.awt.Font.BOLD; public Font(String fontName, int fontStyle, int fontSize) { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); //font. } public Font(int fontStyle, int fontSize) { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); } public Font(int fontSize) { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); } public Font() { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); } public void drawString(int x, int y, String s, Color color){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s, color); } public void drawString(int x, int y, String s){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s); } public void drawString(float x, float y, String s, Color color){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s, color); } public void drawString(float x, float y, String s){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s); } public void drawString(UDim2 udim, String s){ this.font.drawString((Display.getWidth() * udim.getX().getScale()) + udim.getX().getOffset(), (Display.getHeight() * udim.getY().getScale()) + udim.getY().getOffset(), s); } public String getFontName(){ return this.fontName; } public int getFontSize(){ return this.fontSize; } public TrueTypeFont getFont(){ return this.font; } } What could be causing this?

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• Importing an object from Blender into a scene, rotation on X axis?

  - by Arne

  This is my situation: I save the scene with blender no export with any processing steps. Blender has x right y up -z into the scene for the view coordinates (OpenGL) I have x right y up -z into the scene for the view coordinates (OpenGl) Bleneder has x/y plane and z up as world coordinates I have x/y plane and z up as world coordinates I load the mesh with assimp directly from the blend file with absolutely no post processing. The object is rotated abount p/2 on the x-axis. Why?

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• How can I make an object's hitbox rotate with its texture?

  - by Matthew Optional Meehan

  In XNA, when you have a rectangular sprite that doesnt rotate, it's easy to get its four corners to make a hitbox. However, when you do a rotation, the points get moved and I assume there is some kind of math that I can use to aquire them. I am using the four points to draw a rectangle that visually represents the hitboxes. I have seen some per-pixel collision examples, but I can forsee they would be hard to draw a box/'convex hull' around. I have also seen physics like farseer but I'm not sure if there is a quick tutorial to do what I want.

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• Fastest pathfinding for static node matrix

  - by Sean Martin

  I'm programming a route finding routine in VB.NET for an online game I play, and I'm searching for the fastest route finding algorithm for my map type. The game takes place in space, with thousands of solar systems connected by jump gates. The game devs have provided a DB dump containing a list of every system and the systems it can jump to. The map isn't quite a node tree, since some branches can jump to other branches - more of a matrix. What I need is a fast pathfinding algorithm. I have already implemented an A* routine and a Dijkstra's, both find the best path but are too slow for my purposes - a search that considers about 5000 nodes takes over 20 seconds to compute. A similar program on a website can do the same search in less than a second. This website claims to use D*, which I have looked into. That algorithm seems more appropriate for dynamic maps rather than one that does not change - unless I misunderstand it's premise. So is there something faster I can use for a map that is not your typical tile/polygon base? GBFS? Perhaps a DFS? Or have I likely got some problem with my A* - maybe poorly chosen heuristics or movement cost? Currently my movement cost is the length of the jump (the DB dump has solar system coordinates as well), and the heuristic is a quick euclidean calculation from the node to the goal. In case anyone has some optimizations for my A*, here is the routine that consumes about 60% of my processing time, according to my profiler. The coordinateData table contains a list of every system's coordinates, and neighborNode.distance is the distance of the jump. Private Function findDistance(ByVal startSystem As Integer, ByVal endSystem As Integer) As Integer 'hCount += 1 'If hCount Mod 0 = 0 Then 'Return hCache 'End If 'Initialize variables to be filled Dim x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2 As Integer 'LINQ queries for solar system data Dim systemFromData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = startSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z Dim systemToData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = endSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z 'LINQ execute 'Fill variables with solar system data for from and to system For Each solarSystem In systemFromData x1 = (solarSystem.x) y1 = (solarSystem.y) z1 = (solarSystem.z) Next For Each solarSystem In systemToData x2 = (solarSystem.x) y2 = (solarSystem.y) z2 = (solarSystem.z) Next Dim x3 = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) Dim y3 = Math.Abs(y1 - y2) Dim z3 = Math.Abs(z1 - z2) 'Calculate distance and round 'Dim distance = Math.Round(Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs((x1 - x2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((y1 - y2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((z1 - z2) ^ 2))) Dim distance = firstConstant * Math.Min(secondConstant * (x3 + y3 + z3), Math.Max(x3, Math.Max(y3, z3))) 'Dim distance = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) + Math.Abs(z1 - z2) + Math.Abs(y1 - y2) 'hCache = distance Return distance End Function And the main loop, the other 30% 'Begin search While openList.Count() != 0 'Set current system and move node to closed currentNode = lowestF() move(currentNode.id) For Each neighborNode In neighborNodes If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 0) Then If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 1) Then Dim newNode As New nodeData() newNode.id = neighborNode.toSystem newNode.parent = currentNode.id newNode.g = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance newNode.h = findDistance(newNode.id, endSystem) newNode.f = newNode.g + newNode.h newNode.security = neighborNode.security openList.Add(newNode) shortOpenList(OLindex) = newNode.id OLindex += 1 Else Dim proposedG As Integer = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance If proposedG < gValue(neighborNode.toSystem) Then changeParent(neighborNode.toSystem, currentNode.id, proposedG) End If End If End If Next 'Check to see if done If currentNode.id = endSystem Then Exit While End If End While If clarification is needed on my spaghetti code, I'll try to explain.

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• SharpDx: using maximized RenderForm

  - by ceiling cat

  I'm trying to learn DirectX via SharpDX, very new to this. What I want to do is be able to draw 2D shapes for a game I'm trying to make. So I started with the demo "MiniRect" that came with SharpDX. Since I want my game to be full-screen, I changed the RenderForm to be maximized (using WindowState) and set the FromBorderStyle to None. I noticed that even if the form is set to maximized, it's size is always 800 by 600. In my renderloop, if I specify the location for the rectangle has 400 by 300, it is drawn in the middle of the screen. If I try to set the location via mouse-click (using the RenderForm's MouseClick event, there is always an offset present between where the mouse was clicked and where the drawing shows up. My system DPI is set to the standard (96) so there shouldn't be any scaling. But it looks like there is a scaling factor of about 2.4 If it's not the DPI settings, does anyone have any idea what this be related to? The problem doesnt happen if the RenderForm is not maximized. Is there another way to be drawing full-screen using SharpDX? Thanks

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• 3d transformation of game world keeping gameplay 2d - COCOS2D 2.0

  - by samfisher

  Using: COCOS2D + iOS. I want to rotate the game world, may be loading another .tmx file for another dimensions when user want to switch dimension. the effect what I am looking for is something like this:CLICK HERE What I have thought of till now: rotating CCCamera will be mandatory. Question: How will I have the other part of the level in place while the camera rotates/rotating? I can load a CCSprite and rotate it accordingly to the 3rd dimension. phew..!! Question: When the camera and world is rotated, will the player controls work properly.. I think not...? I think a better option would be to checkout with COCOS3D... there I could implement 3d world... right?? Question: Not sure how well 2d dynamics will work there as I want to user Box2d as physics engine.. could anyone provide suggestions? Regards, Sam

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• deWitters Game loop in libgdx(Android)

  - by jaysingh

  I am a beginner and I want a complete example in LibGDX for android(Fixed time game loop) how to limit the framerate to 50 or 60. Also how to mangae interpolation between game state with simple example code e.g. deWiTTERS Game Loop: @Override public void render() { float deltaTime = Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); Update(deltaTime); Render(deltaTime); } libgdx comments:- There is a Gdx.graphics.setVsync() method (generic = backend-independant), but it is not present in 0.9.1, only in the Nightlies. "Relying on vsync for fixed time steps is a REALLY bad idea. It will break on almost all hardware out there. See LwjglApplicationConfiguration, there's a flag in there that let s use toggle gpu/software vsynching. Play around with it." (Mario) NOTE that none of these limit the framerate to a specific value... if you REALLY need to limit the framerate for some reason, you'll have to handle it yourself by returning from render calls if xxx ms haven't passed since the last render call. li

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• How to implement line of sight restriction in actionscript?

  - by Michiel Standaert

  I have a problem with a game i am programming. I am making some sort of security game and i would like to have some visual line of sight. The problem is that i can't restrict my line of sight so my cops can't see through the walls. Below you find the design, in which they can look through windows, but not walls. Further below you find an illustration of what my problem is exactly. this is what it looks like now. As you can see, the cops can see through walls. This is the map i would want to use to restrict the line of sight. So the way i am programming the line of sight now is just by calculating some points and drawing the sight accordingly, as shown below. Note that i also check for a hittest using bitmapdata to check whether or not my player has been spotted by any of the cops. private function setSight(e:Event=null):Boolean { g = copCanvas.graphics; g.clear(); for each(var cop:Cop in copCanvas.getChildren()) { var _angle:Number = cop.angle; var _radians:Number = (_angle * Math.PI) / 180; var _radius:Number = 50; var _x1:Number = cop.x + (cop.width/2); var _y1:Number = cop.y + (cop.height/2); var _baseX:Number = _x1 + (Math.cos(_radians) * _radius); var _baseY:Number = _y1 - (Math.sin(_radians) * _radius); var _x2:Number = _baseX + (25 * Math.sin(_radians)); var _y2:Number = _baseY + (25 * Math.cos(_radians)); var _x3:Number = _baseX - (25 * Math.sin(_radians)); var _y3:Number = _baseY - (25 * Math.cos(_radians)); g.beginFill(0xff0000, 0.3); g.moveTo(_x1, _y1); g.lineTo(_x2, _y2); g.lineTo(_x3, _y3); g.endFill(); } var _cops:BitmapData = new BitmapData(width, height, true, 0); _cops.draw(copCanvas); var _bmpd:BitmapData = new BitmapData(10, 10, true, 0); _bmpd.draw(me); if(_cops.hitTest(new Point(0, 0), 10, _bmpd, new Point(me.x, me.y), 255)) { gameover.alpha = 1; setTimeout(function():void{ gameover.alpha = 0; }, 5000); stop(); return true; } return false; } So now my question is: Is there someone who knows how to restrict the view so that the cops can't look through the walls? Thanks a lot in advance. ps: i have already looked at this tutorial by emanuele feronato, but i can't use the code to restric the visual line of sight.

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• Writing the correct value in the depth buffer when using ray-casting

  - by hidayat

  I am doing a ray-casting in a 3d texture until I hit a correct value. I am doing the ray-casting in a cube and the cube corners are already in world coordinates so I don't have to multiply the vertices with the modelviewmatrix to get the correct position. Vertex shader world_coordinate_ = gl_Vertex; Fragment shader vec3 direction = (world_coordinate_.xyz - cameraPosition_); direction = normalize(direction); for (float k = 0.0; k < steps; k += 1.0) { .... pos += direction*delta_step; float thisLum = texture3D(texture3_, pos).r; if(thisLum > surface_) ... } Everything works as expected, what I now want is to sample the correct value to the depth buffer. The value that is now written to the depth buffer is the cube coordinate. But I want the value of pos in the 3d texture to be written. So lets say the cube is placed 10 away from origin in -z and the size is 10*10*10. My solution that does not work correctly is this: pos *= 10; pos.z += 10; pos.z *= -1; vec4 depth_vec = gl_ProjectionMatrix * vec4(pos.xyz, 1.0); float depth = ((depth_vec.z / depth_vec.w) + 1.0) * 0.5; gl_FragDepth = depth;

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• Ogre3D Fog with overlays

  - by Yourdoom

  I'm building a game with Ogre3d, I've got fog working properly with: scenemanager->setFog(Ogre::FOG_LINEAR, Ogre::ColourValue( 0.23f, 0.725f, 1.0f ), 0, 18, 20 ); However I'm currently implementing a GUI system (libRocket) which is rendered on top of everything else, and this removes the fog, does anyone know how to fix this? (I'm using the default libRocket rendering system for ogre as included in the samples, but this problem also appears when using a semi-transparent overlay).

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• Software Architecture and Design vs Psychology of HCI class

  - by Joey Green

  I have two classes to choose from and I'm wanting to get an opinion from the more experienced game devs which might be better for someone who wants to be an indie game dev. The first is a Software Architecture and Design course and the second is a course titled Psychology of HCI. I've previously have taken a Software Design course that was focused only on design patterns. I've also taken an Introduction to HCI course. Software Architecture and Design Description Topics include software architectures, methodologies, model representations, component-based design ,patterns,frameworks, CASE-based desgins, and case studies. Psychology of HCI Description Exploration of psychological factors that interact with computer interface usablilty. Interface design techniques and usability evaluation methods are emphasized. I know I would find both interesting, but my concern is really which one might be easier to pick up on my own. I know HCI is relevant to game dev, but am un-sure if the topics in the Software Architecture class would be more for big software projects that go beyond the scope of games. Also, I'm not able to take both because the overlap.

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