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  • Compiling Quake 3 in Snow Leopard

    - by Xap87
    First of all I have Xcode 4 installed in Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.6.8. I have downloaded the Quake 3 source code 1.32b release but I can't open the Xcode project that is inside the /macosx folder since it is in the old .pbproj format and therefore it throws an "incompatible version" error. Has anyone been able to convert this to a Xcode format or is there any other way to compile the source code in Mac OS X Snow Leopard? Thanks

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  • Making sense of the Game State manager tutorial?

    - by Johnny Quest
    I have come across the Game State Managemnet tutorial at http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/game_state_management because I thought this would be a good place to start a game off. I have added a new screen, but I am still a bit lost on how everything works. When I make my game, do I only need one more additional screen? just for gameplay? or should I have a different screen for each level?

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  • Technical differences between square and hexagon for a grid?

    - by Marlon Dias
    I'm developing a 2D city-building game and trying to decide on the type of grid. There will be vehicles, so the unit movement is important too. I know there are visual differences for using Squares or Hexagons, what I want know is: What are the issues for programming each type of grid regarding implementation and performance? Is there a tradeoff or specific benefit for using one of them in a game context?

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  • Box2D Static-Dynamic body joint eliminates collisions

    - by andrewz
    I have a static body A, and a dynamic body B, and a dynamic body C. A is filtered to not collide with anything, B and C collide with each other. I wish to create a joint between B and A. When I create a joint (ex. revolute), B no longer collides with C - C passes through it as if it does not exist. What am I doing wrong? How can adding a joint prevent a body from colliding with another body it used to? EDIT: I want to join B with A, and have B collide with C, but not A collide with C. In realistic terms, I'm trying to create a revolute joint between a wheel (B) and a wall (A), and have a box (C) hit the wheel and the wheel would then rotate. EDIT: I create a the simplest revolute joint I can with these parameters (C++): b2RevoluteJointDef def; def.Initialize(A, B, B -> GetWorldCenter()); world -> CreateJoint(&def);

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  • Sprite sheet generator

    - by Andrea Tucci
    I need to generate a sprite sheet with squared sprite for a 2D game. How can I generate a sprite sheet where each frame has x = y? The only think I have to do is to "insert" some blank space between sprites (in case y were x in the original sprite). Is there any program that I can use to trasform "irregular" sprite sheets to "squared" sprite sheets? An example of non-squared sprite sheet: http://spriters-resource.com/gameboy_advance/khcom/sheet/1138

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  • Scene Graph for Deferred Rendering Engine

    - by Roy T.
    As a learning exercise I've written a deferred rendering engine. Now I'd like to add a scene graph to this engine but I'm a bit puzzled how to do this. On a normal (forward rendering engine) I would just add all items (All implementing IDrawable and IUpdateAble) to my scene graph, than travel the scene-graph breadth first and call Draw() everywhere. However in a deferred rendering engine I have to separate draw calls. First I have to draw the geometry, then the shadow casters and then the lights (all to different render targets), before I combine them all. So in this case I can't just travel over the scene graph and just call draw. The way I see it I either have to travel over the entire scene graph 3 times, checking what kind of object it is that has to be drawn, or I have to create 3 separate scene graphs that are somehow connected to each other. Both of these seem poor solutions, I'd like to handle scene objects more transparent. One other solution I've thought of was traveling trough the scene graph as normal and adding items to 3 separate lists, separating geometry, shadow casters and lights, and then iterating these lists to draw the correct stuff, is this better, and is it wise to repopulate 3 lists every frame?

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  • Reading from a staging 2D texture array in DirectX10

    - by Don Reba
    I have a DX10 program, where I create an array of 3 16x16 textures, then map, read, and unmap each subresource in turn. I use a single mip level, set resource usage to staging and CPU access to read. Now, here is the problem: Subresource 0 contains 1024 bytes, pitch 64, as expected. Subresource 1 contains 512 bytes, pitch 64. Subresource 2 contains 256 bytes, pitch 64. I expect all three to be the same size. Debugging output is enabled, but not reporting any warnings or errors. Am I missing something, or might this be some sort of driver issue? Here is the code. The language is Nemerle, but C# and C++ would look almost the same. I have looked through the generated code, and am fairly confident the problem is not language-related. def cpuTexture = Texture2D ( device , Texture2DDescription() <- { Width = 16; Height = 16; MipLevels = 1; ArraySize = 3; Format = Format.R32_Float; Usage = ResourceUsage.Staging; CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.Read; SampleDescription = SampleDescription(count = 1, quality = 0); } ); foreach (subresource in [0 .. 2]) { def data = cpuTexture.Map(subresource, MapMode.Read, MapFlags.None); Console.WriteLine($"subresource $subresource"); Console.WriteLine($"length = $(data.Data.Length)"); Console.WriteLine($"pitch = $(data.Pitch)"); cpuTexture.Unmap(subresource); }

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  • Game physics presentation by Richard Lord, some questions

    - by Steve
    I been implementing (in XNA) the examples in this physics presentation by Richard Lord where he discusses various integration techniques. Bearing in mind that I am a newcomer to game physics (and physics in general) I have some questions. 15 slides in he shows ActionScript code for a gravity example and an animation showing a bouncing ball. The ball bounces higher and higher until it is out of control. I implemented the same in C# XNA but my ball appeared to be bouncing at a constant height. The same applies to the next example where the ball bounces lower and lower. After some experimentation I found that if I switched to a fixed timestep and then on the first iteration of Update() I set the time variable to be equal to elapsed milliseconds (16.6667) I would see the same behaviour. Doing this essentially set the framerate, velocity and acceleration to zero for the first update and introduced errors(?) into the algorithm causing the ball's velocity to increase (or decrease) over time. I think! My question is, does this make the integration method used poor? Or is it demonstrating that it is poor when used with variable timestep because you can't pass in a valid value for the first lot of calculations? (because you cannot know the framerate in advance). I will continue my research into physics but can anyone suggest a good method to get my feet wet? I would like to experiment with variable timestep, acceleration that changes over time and probably friction. Would the Time Corrected Verlet be OK for this?

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  • Polygon count target range for MMO being released in 2 years

    - by classer
    What would a realistic poly count target range be for NPC and player models in a 3D MMO that will be released in 2 years? What about poly count target range for the entire camera view (environment, NPC and player meshes)? I read in some places that one should not aim too low if the game will come out in a couple years because technology is always advancing. If you can give some mesh poly stats on what other current MMOs / MMORPGs are running and future projections, that would be great. Thank you.

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  • using Unity Android In a sub view and add actionbar and style

    - by aeroxr1
    I exported a simple animation from Unity3D (version 4.5) in android project. With eclipse I modified the manifest and added another activity. In this activity I put a button that it makes start the animation,and this is the result. The action bar appear in the main activity but it doesn't in the unity's activity :( How can I add the action bar and the style of the first activity to unity's animation activity ? This is the unity's activity's code : package com.rabidgremlin.tut.redcube; import android.app.NativeActivity; import android.content.res.Configuration; import android.graphics.PixelFormat; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.view.Window; import android.view.WindowManager; import com.unity3d.player.UnityPlayer; public class UnityPlayerNativeActivity extends NativeActivity { protected UnityPlayer mUnityPlayer; // don't change the name of this variable; referenced from native code // Setup activity layout @Override protected void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState) { //requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); getWindow().takeSurface(null); //setTheme(android.R.style.Theme_NoTitleBar_Fullscreen); getWindow().setFormat(PixelFormat.RGB_565); mUnityPlayer = new UnityPlayer(this); /*if (mUnityPlayer.getSettings ().getBoolean ("hide_status_bar", true)) getWindow ().setFlags (WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN); */ setContentView(mUnityPlayer); mUnityPlayer.requestFocus(); } // Quit Unity @Override protected void onDestroy () { mUnityPlayer.quit(); super.onDestroy(); } // Pause Unity @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); mUnityPlayer.pause(); } // eliminiamo questa onResume() e proviamo a modificare la onResume() // Resume Unity @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); mUnityPlayer.resume(); } // inseriamo qualche modifica qui // This ensures the layout will be correct. @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); mUnityPlayer.configurationChanged(newConfig); } // Notify Unity of the focus change. @Override public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) { super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus); mUnityPlayer.windowFocusChanged(hasFocus); } // For some reason the multiple keyevent type is not supported by the ndk. // Force event injection by overriding dispatchKeyEvent(). @Override public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) { if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_MULTIPLE) return mUnityPlayer.injectEvent(event); return super.dispatchKeyEvent(event); } // Pass any events not handled by (unfocused) views straight to UnityPlayer @Override public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { return mUnityPlayer.injectEvent(event); } @Override public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { return mUnityPlayer.injectEvent(event); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return mUnityPlayer.injectEvent(event); } /*API12*/ public boolean onGenericMotionEvent(MotionEvent event) { return mUnityPlayer.injectEvent(event); } } And this is the AndroidManifest.xml android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <!-- android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar"--> <supports-screens android:anyDensity="true" android:largeScreens="true" android:normalScreens="true" android:smallScreens="true" android:xlargeScreens="true" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/app_icon" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo.Light" > <activity android:name="com.rabidgremlin.tut.redcube.UnityPlayerNativeActivity" android:configChanges="mcc|mnc|locale|touchscreen|keyboard|keyboardHidden|navigation|orientation|screenLayout|uiMode|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|fontScale" android:label="@string/app_name" android:screenOrientation="portrait" > <!--android:launchMode="singleTask"--> <meta-data android:name="unityplayer.UnityActivity" android:value="true" /> <meta-data android:name="unityplayer.ForwardNativeEventsToDalvik" android:value="false" /> </activity> <activity android:name="com.rabidgremlin.tut.redcube.MainActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_main" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="17" android:targetSdkVersion="19" /> <uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00020000" /> </manifest>

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  • techniques for an AI for a highly cramped turn-based tactics game

    - by Adam M.
    I'm trying to write an AI for a tactics game in the vein of Final Fantasy Tactics or Vandal Hearts. I can't change the game rules in any way, only upgrade the AI. I have experience programming AI for classic board games (basically minimax and its variants), but I think the branching factor is too great for the approach to be reasonable here. I'll describe the game and some current AI flaws that I'd like to fix. I'd like to hear ideas for applicable techniques. I'm a decent enough programmer, so I only need the ideas, not an implementation (though that's always appreciated). I'd rather not expend effort chasing (too many) dead ends, so although speculation and brainstorming are good and probably helpful, I'd prefer to hear from somebody with actual experience solving this kind of problem. For those who know it, the game is the land battle mini-game in Sid Meier's Pirates! (2004) and you can skim/skip the next two paragraphs. For those who don't, here's briefly how it works. The battle is turn-based and takes place on a 16x16 grid. There are three terrain types: clear (no hindrance), forest (hinders movement, ranged attacks, and sight), and rock (impassible, but does not hinder attacks or sight). The map is randomly generated with roughly equal amounts of each type of terrain. Because there are many rock and forest tiles, movement is typically very cramped. This is tactically important. The terrain is not flat; higher terrain gives minor bonuses. The terrain is known to both sides. The player is always the attacker and the AI is always the defender, so it's perfectly valid for the AI to set up a defensive position and just wait. The player wins by killing all defenders or by getting a unit to the city gates (a tile on the other side of the map). There are very few units on each side, usually 4-8. Because of this, it's crucial not to take damage without gaining some advantage from it. Units can take multiple actions per turn. All units on one side move before any units on the other side. Order of execution is important, and interleaving of actions between units is often useful. Units have melee and ranged attacks. Melee attacks vary widely in strength; ranged attacks have the same strength but vary in range. The main challenges I face are these: Lots of useful move combinations start with a "useless" move that gains no immediate advantage, or even loses advantage, in order to set up a powerful flank attack in the future. And, since the player units are stronger and have longer range, the AI pretty much always has to take some losses before they can start to gain kills. The AI must be able to look ahead to distinguish between sacrificial actions that provide a future benefit and those that don't. Because the terrain is so cramped, most of the tactics come down to achieving good positioning with multiple units that work together to defend an area. For instance, two defenders can often dominate a narrow pass by positioning themselves so an enemy unit attempting to pass must expose itself to a flank attack. But one defender in the same pass would be useless, and three units can defend a slightly larger pass. Etc. The AI should be able to figure out where the player must go to reach the city gates and how to best position its few units to cover the approaches, shifting, splitting, or combining them appropriately as the player moves. Because flank attacks are extremely deadly (and engineering flank attacks is key to the player strategy), the AI should be competent at moving its units so that they cover each other's flanks unless the sacrifice of a unit would give a substantial benefit. They should also be able to force flank attacks on players, for instance by threatening a unit from two different directions such that responding to one threat exposes the flank to the other. The AI should attack if possible, but sometimes there are no good ways to approach the player's position. In that case, the AI should be able to recognize this and set up a defensive position of its own. But the AI shouldn't be vulnerable to a trivial exploit where the player repeatedly opens and closes a hole in his defense and shoots at the AI as it approaches and retreats. That is, the AI should ideally be able to recognize that the player is capable of establishing a solid defense of an area, even if the defense is not currently in place. (I suppose if a good unit allocation algorithm existed, as needed for the second bullet point, the AI could run it on the player units to see where they could defend.) Because it's important to choose a good order of action and interleave actions between units, it's not as simple as just finding the best move for each unit in turn. All of these can be accomplished with a minimax search in theory, but the search space is too large, so specialized techniques are needed. I thought about techniques such as influence mapping, but I don't see how to use the technique to great effect. I thought about assigning goals to the units. This can help them work together in some limited way, and the problem of "how do I accomplish this goal?" is easier to solve than "how do I win this battle?", but assigning good goals is a hard problem in itself, because it requires knowing whether the goal is achievable and whether it's a good use of resources. So, does anyone have specific ideas for techniques that can help cleverize this AI? Update: I found a related question on Stackoverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3133273/ai-for-a-final-fantasy-tactics-like-game The selected answer gives a decent approach to choosing between alternative actions, but it doesn't seem to have much ability to look into the future and discern beneficial sacrifices from wasteful ones. It also focuses on a single unit at a time and it's not clear how it could be extended to support cooperation between units in defending or attacking.

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  • An issue with tessellation a model with DirectX11

    - by Paul Ske
    I took the hardware tessellation tutorial from Rastertek and implemended texturing instead of color. This is great, so I wanted to implemended the same techique to a model inside my game editor and I noticed it doesn't draw anything. I compared the detailed tessellation from DirectX SDK sample. Inside the shader file - if I replace the HullInputType with PixelInputType it draws. So, I think because when I compiled the shaders inside the program it compiles VertexShader, PixelShader, HullShader then DomainShader. Isn't it suppose to be VertexShader, HullSHader, DomainShader then PixelShader or does it really not matter? I am just curious why wouldn't the model even be drawn when HullInputType but renders fine with PixelInputType. Shader Code: [code] cbuffer ConstantBuffer { float4x4 WVP; float4x4 World; // the rotation matrix float3 lightvec; // the light's vector float4 lightcol; // the light's color float4 ambientcol; // the ambient light's color bool isSelected; } cbuffer cameraBuffer { float3 cameraDirection; float padding; } cbuffer TessellationBuffer { float tessellationAmount; float3 padding2; } struct ConstantOutputType { float edges[3] : SV_TessFactor; float inside : SV_InsideTessFactor; }; Texture2D Texture; Texture2D NormalTexture; SamplerState ss { MinLOD = 5.0f; MipLODBias = 0.0f; }; struct HullOutputType { float3 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; }; struct HullInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; uint uVertexID : SV_VERTEXID; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinates float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; float4 color : COLOR; float3 viewDirection : TEXCOORD1; float4 depthBuffer : TEXTURE0; }; HullInputType VShader(VertexInputType input) { HullInputType output; output.position.w = 1.0f; output.position = mul(input.position,WVP); output.texcoord = input.texcoord; output.normal = input.normal; output.tangent = input.tangent; //output.normal = mul(normal,World); //output.tangent = mul(tangent,World); //output.color = output.color; //output.texcoord = texcoord; // set the texture coordinates, unmodified return output; } ConstantOutputType TexturePatchConstantFunction(InputPatch inputPatch,uint patchID : SV_PrimitiveID) { ConstantOutputType output; output.edges[0] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[1] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[2] = tessellationAmount; output.inside = tessellationAmount; return output; } [domain("tri")] [partitioning("integer")] [outputtopology("triangle_cw")] [outputcontrolpoints(3)] [patchconstantfunc("TexturePatchConstantFunction")] HullOutputType HShader(InputPatch patch, uint pointId : SV_OutputControlPointID, uint patchId : SV_PrimitiveID) { HullOutputType output; // Set the position for this control point as the output position. output.position = patch[pointId].position; // Set the input color as the output color. output.texcoord = patch[pointId].texcoord; output.normal = patch[pointId].normal; output.tangent = patch[pointId].tangent; return output; } [domain("tri")] PixelInputType DShader(ConstantOutputType input, float3 uvwCoord : SV_DomainLocation, const OutputPatch patch) { float3 vertexPosition; float2 uvPosition; float4 worldposition; PixelInputType output; // Interpolate world space position with barycentric coordinates float3 vWorldPos = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; // Determine the position of the new vertex. vertexPosition = vWorldPos; // Calculate the position of the new vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(float4(vertexPosition, 1.0f),WVP); // Send the input color into the pixel shader. output.texcoord = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; output.normal = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; output.tangent = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; //output.depthBuffer = output.position; //output.depthBuffer.w = 1.0f; //worldposition = mul(output.position,WVP); //output.viewDirection = cameraDirection.xyz - worldposition.xyz; //output.viewDirection = normalize(output.viewDirection); return output; } [/code] Somethings are commented out but will be in place when fixed. I'm probably not connecting something correctly.

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  • Speed, delta time and movement

    - by munchor
    player.vx = scroll_speed * dt /* Update positions */ player.x += player.vx player.y += player.vy I have a delta time in miliseconds, and I was wondering how I can use it properly. I tried the above, but that makes the player go fast when the computer is fast, and the player go slow when the computer is slow. The same thing happens with jumping. The player can jump really high when the computer is faster. This is sort of unfair, I think, because. Should I be doing this someway else? Thanks.

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  • Creating the concept of Time

    - by Jamie Dixon
    So I've reached the point in my exploration of gaming where I'd like to impliment the concept of time into my little demo I've been building. What are some common methodologies for creating the concept of time passing within a game? My thoughts so far: My game loop tendes to spend a fair bit of time sitting around waiting or user input so any time system will likely need to be run in a seperate thread. What I've currently done is create a BackgroundWorker passing in a method that contains a loop triggering every second. This is working fine and I can output information to the console from here etc. Inside this loop I have a DateTime object that is incrimented by 1 minute for every realtime second. (the game begins in the year 01/01/01) Is this a standard way of acheiving this result or are there more tried and tested methods? I'm also curious about how to go about performing time based actions (reducing player energy, moving entities around the game board, life/death etc). Thanks for any pointers or advice. I've searched around however I'm not familiar enough with the terms and so my searches are yeilding little result on this one.

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  • shader coding: calculate screen coordinates of fragment

    - by Jay
    Good morning, I'm new to shader coding and trying to implement some visual effects code in shaders using billboards. (Yes, I couldn't have picked anything harder to start with, but I'm lucky that way) Setup: I have rendered the full screen z depth to an array of floats in a previous pass. In the fragment shader I need the scene depth where the rendered fragment is displayed (to see if it's occluded). I can use tex2d() to get the depth value if I have the screen coordinates of the point being rendered in the fragment shader. Question: In the fragment shader how do you calculate the screen coordinates of the pixel (in the range 0-1.0)? Is the position passed to the fragment shader a pixel offset? If so, I guess it would be: float2( position.x / screen-width, position.y / screen-height ) Thanks for any help/

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  • Custom Content Pipeline with Automatic Serialization Load Error

    - by Direweasel
    I'm running into this error: Error loading "desert". Cannot find type TiledLib.MapContent, TiledLib, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null. at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.InstantiateTypeReader(String readerTypeName, ContentReader contentReader, ContentTypeReader& reader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.GetTypeReader(String readerTypeName, ContentReader contentReader, List1& newTypeReaders) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.ReadTypeManifest(Int32 typeCount, ContentReader contentReader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadHeader() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadAsset[T]() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.ReadAsset[T](String assetName, Action1 recordDisposableObject) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.Load[T](String assetName) at TiledTest.Game1.LoadContent() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 51 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Initialize() at TiledTest.Game1.Initialize() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 39 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.RunGame(Boolean useBlockingRun) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run() at TiledTest.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Program.cs:line 15 When trying to run the game. This is a basic demo to try and utilize a separate project library called TiledLib. I have four projects overall: TiledLib (C# Class Library) TiledTest (Windows Game) TiledTestContent (Content) TMX CP Ext (Content Pipeline Extension Library) TiledLib contains MapContent which is throwing the error, however I believe this may just be a generic error with a deeper root problem. EMX CP Ext contains one file: MapProcessor.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using TiledLib; namespace TMX_CP_Ext { // Each tile has a texture, source rect, and sprite effects. [ContentSerializerRuntimeType("TiledTest.Tile, TiledTest")] public class DemoMapTileContent { public ExternalReference<Texture2DContent> Texture; public Rectangle SourceRectangle; public SpriteEffects SpriteEffects; } // For each layer, we store the size of the layer and the tiles. [ContentSerializerRuntimeType("TiledTest.Layer, TiledTest")] public class DemoMapLayerContent { public int Width; public int Height; public DemoMapTileContent[] Tiles; } // For the map itself, we just store the size, tile size, and a list of layers. [ContentSerializerRuntimeType("TiledTest.Map, TiledTest")] public class DemoMapContent { public int TileWidth; public int TileHeight; public List<DemoMapLayerContent> Layers = new List<DemoMapLayerContent>(); } [ContentProcessor(DisplayName = "TMX Processor - TiledLib")] public class MapProcessor : ContentProcessor<MapContent, DemoMapContent> { public override DemoMapContent Process(MapContent input, ContentProcessorContext context) { // build the textures TiledHelpers.BuildTileSetTextures(input, context); // generate source rectangles TiledHelpers.GenerateTileSourceRectangles(input); // now build our output, first by just copying over some data DemoMapContent output = new DemoMapContent { TileWidth = input.TileWidth, TileHeight = input.TileHeight }; // iterate all the layers of the input foreach (LayerContent layer in input.Layers) { // we only care about tile layers in our demo TileLayerContent tlc = layer as TileLayerContent; if (tlc != null) { // create the new layer DemoMapLayerContent outLayer = new DemoMapLayerContent { Width = tlc.Width, Height = tlc.Height, }; // we need to build up our tile list now outLayer.Tiles = new DemoMapTileContent[tlc.Data.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < tlc.Data.Length; i++) { // get the ID of the tile uint tileID = tlc.Data[i]; // use that to get the actual index as well as the SpriteEffects int tileIndex; SpriteEffects spriteEffects; TiledHelpers.DecodeTileID(tileID, out tileIndex, out spriteEffects); // figure out which tile set has this tile index in it and grab // the texture reference and source rectangle. ExternalReference<Texture2DContent> textureContent = null; Rectangle sourceRect = new Rectangle(); // iterate all the tile sets foreach (var tileSet in input.TileSets) { // if our tile index is in this set if (tileIndex - tileSet.FirstId < tileSet.Tiles.Count) { // store the texture content and source rectangle textureContent = tileSet.Texture; sourceRect = tileSet.Tiles[(int)(tileIndex - tileSet.FirstId)].Source; // and break out of the foreach loop break; } } // now insert the tile into our output outLayer.Tiles[i] = new DemoMapTileContent { Texture = textureContent, SourceRectangle = sourceRect, SpriteEffects = spriteEffects }; } // add the layer to our output output.Layers.Add(outLayer); } } // return the output object. because we have ContentSerializerRuntimeType attributes on our // objects, we don't need a ContentTypeWriter and can just use the automatic serialization. return output; } } } TiledLib contains a large amount of files including MapContent.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Globalization; using System.Xml; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline; namespace TiledLib { public enum Orientation : byte { Orthogonal, Isometric, } public class MapContent { public string Filename; public string Directory; public string Version = string.Empty; public Orientation Orientation; public int Width; public int Height; public int TileWidth; public int TileHeight; public PropertyCollection Properties = new PropertyCollection(); public List<TileSetContent> TileSets = new List<TileSetContent>(); public List<LayerContent> Layers = new List<LayerContent>(); public MapContent(XmlDocument document, ContentImporterContext context) { XmlNode mapNode = document["map"]; Version = mapNode.Attributes["version"].Value; Orientation = (Orientation)Enum.Parse(typeof(Orientation), mapNode.Attributes["orientation"].Value, true); Width = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["width"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); Height = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["height"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); TileWidth = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["tilewidth"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); TileHeight = int.Parse(mapNode.Attributes["tileheight"].Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); XmlNode propertiesNode = document.SelectSingleNode("map/properties"); if (propertiesNode != null) { Properties = new PropertyCollection(propertiesNode, context); } foreach (XmlNode tileSet in document.SelectNodes("map/tileset")) { if (tileSet.Attributes["source"] != null) { TileSets.Add(new ExternalTileSetContent(tileSet, context)); } else { TileSets.Add(new TileSetContent(tileSet, context)); } } foreach (XmlNode layerNode in document.SelectNodes("map/layer|map/objectgroup")) { LayerContent layerContent; if (layerNode.Name == "layer") { layerContent = new TileLayerContent(layerNode, context); } else if (layerNode.Name == "objectgroup") { layerContent = new MapObjectLayerContent(layerNode, context); } else { throw new Exception("Unknown layer name: " + layerNode.Name); } // Layer names need to be unique for our lookup system, but Tiled // doesn't require unique names. string layerName = layerContent.Name; int duplicateCount = 2; // if a layer already has the same name... if (Layers.Find(l => l.Name == layerName) != null) { // figure out a layer name that does work do { layerName = string.Format("{0}{1}", layerContent.Name, duplicateCount); duplicateCount++; } while (Layers.Find(l => l.Name == layerName) != null); // log a warning for the user to see context.Logger.LogWarning(string.Empty, new ContentIdentity(), "Renaming layer \"{1}\" to \"{2}\" to make a unique name.", layerContent.Type, layerContent.Name, layerName); // save that name layerContent.Name = layerName; } Layers.Add(layerContent); } } } } I'm lost as to why this is failing. Thoughts? -- EDIT -- After playing with it a bit, I would think it has something to do with referencing the projects. I'm already referencing the TiledLib within my main windows project (TiledTest). However, this doesn't seem to make a difference. I can place the dll generated from the TiledLib project into the debug folder of TiledTest, and this causes it to generate a different error: Error loading "desert". Cannot find ContentTypeReader for Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.ExternalReference`1[Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics.Texture2DContent]. at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.GetTypeReader(Type targetType, ContentReader contentReader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.GetTypeReader(Type targetType) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ReflectiveReaderMemberHelper..ctor(ContentTypeReaderManager manager, FieldInfo fieldInfo, PropertyInfo propertyInfo, Type memberType, Boolean canWrite) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ReflectiveReaderMemberHelper.TryCreate(ContentTypeReaderManager manager, Type declaringType, FieldInfo fieldInfo) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ReflectiveReader1.Initialize(ContentTypeReaderManager manager) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentTypeReaderManager.ReadTypeManifest(Int32 typeCount, ContentReader contentReader) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadHeader() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentReader.ReadAsset[T]() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.ReadAsset[T](String assetName, Action1 recordDisposableObject) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentManager.Load[T](String assetName) at TiledTest.Game1.LoadContent() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 51 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Initialize() at TiledTest.Game1.Initialize() in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Game1.cs:line 39 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.RunGame(Boolean useBlockingRun) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run() at TiledTest.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\My Documents\Dropbox\Visual Studio Projects\TiledTest\TiledTest\TiledTest\Program.cs:line 15 This is all incredibly frustrating as the demo doesn't appear to have any special linking properties. The TiledLib I am utilizing is from Nick Gravelyn, and can be found here: https://bitbucket.org/nickgravelyn/tiledlib. The demo it comes with works fine, and yet in recreating I always run into this error.

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  • A few meta questions about making flash games

    - by idan
    A few questions for a beginner game maker without an artist. Is there a site where flash game creators can download (and use) free art? I don't need character sprites but environments like trees, clouds, platforms, etc. Is there a site where a programmer can collaborate with an artist and a composer? (Even if so, the chances are low for a beginner with no portfolio to find an artist willing to collaborate, right?) Do you have recommended sites for asking action script questions (dedicated solely to flash?) Thanks!

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  • How to develop RPG Damage Formulas?

    - by user127817
    I'm developing a classical 2d RPG (in a similar vein to final fantasy) and I was wondering if anyone had some advice on how to do damage formulas/links to resources/examples? I'll explain my current setup. Hopefully I'm not overdoing it with this question, and I apologize if my questions is too large/broad My Characters stats are composed of the following: enum Stat { HP = 0, MP = 1, SP = 2, Strength = 3, Vitality = 4, Magic = 5, Spirit = 6, Skill = 7, Speed = 8, //Speed/Agility are the same thing Agility = 8, Evasion = 9, MgEvasion = 10, Accuracy = 11, Luck = 12, }; Vitality is basically defense to physical attacks and spirit is defense to magic attacks. All stats have fixed maximums (9999 for HP, 999 for MP/SP and 255 for the rest). With abilities, the maximums can be increased (99999 for HP, 9999 for HP/SP, 999 for the rest) with typical values (at level 100) before/after abilities+equipment+etc will be 8000/20,000 for HP, 800/2000 for SP/MP, 180/350 for other stats Late game Enemy HP will typically be in the lower millions (with a super boss having the maximum of ~12 million). I was wondering how do people actually develop proper damage formulas that scale correctly? For instance, based on this data, using the damage formulas for Final Fantasy X as a base looked very promising. A full reference here http://www.gamefaqs.com/ps2/197344-final-fantasy-x/faqs/31381 but as a quick example: Str = 127, 'Attack' command used, enemy Def = 34. 1. Physical Damage Calculation: Step 1 ------------------------------------- [{(Stat^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x DmCon ÷16] Step 2 ---------------------------------------- [{(127^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 3 -------------------------------------- [{(2048383 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 4 --------------------------------------------------- [{(64011) + 32} x 1] Step 5 -------------------------------------------------------- [{(64043 x 1)}] Step 6 ---------------------------------------------------- Base Damage = 64043 Step 7 ----------------------------------------- [{(Def - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------ [{(34 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ------------------------------------------------- [(-246)^2) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 ---------------------------------------------------- [60516 ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [550] + 16 Step 12 ---------------------------------------------------------- DefNum = 566 Step 13 ---------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * DefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [64043 * 566 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------------ [36248338 ÷ 730] Step 16 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 49655 Step 17 ------------ Base Damage 2 * {730 - (Def * 51 - Def^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ---------------------- 49655 * {730 - (34 * 51 - 34^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 ------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 1156 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 105) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 21 ------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1629) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 22 --------------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - 162} ÷ 730 Step 23 ----------------------------------------------------- 49655 * 568 ÷ 730 Step 24 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 38635 I simply modified the dividers to include the attack rating of weapons and the armor rating of armor. Magic Damage is calculated as follows: Mag = 255, Ultima is used, enemy MDef = 1 Step 1 ----------------------------------- [DmCon * ([Stat^2 ÷ 6] + DmCon) ÷ 4] Step 2 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([255^2 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 3 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([65025 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 4 ------------------------------------------------ [70 * (10837 + 70) ÷ 4] Step 5 ----------------------------------------------------- [70 * (10907) ÷ 4] Step 6 ------------------------------------ Base Damage = 190872 [cut to 99999] Step 7 ---------------------------------------- [{(MDef - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------- [{(1 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ---------------------------------------------- [{(-279.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 -------------------------------------------------- [(78064) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [709] + 16 Step 12 --------------------------------------------------------- MDefNum = 725 Step 13 --------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * MDefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [99999 * 725 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 99314 Step 16 ---------- Base Damage 2 * {730 - (MDef * 51 - MDef^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 17 ------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (1 * 51 - 1^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ------------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (51 - 1 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 --------------------------------------- 99314 * {730 - (49) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ----------------------------------------------------- 99314 * 725 ÷ 730 Step 21 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 98633 The problem is that the formulas completely fall apart once stats start going above 255. In particular Defense values over 300 or so start generating really strange behavior. High Strength + Defense stats lead to massive negative values for instance. While I might be able to modify the formulas to work correctly for my use case, it'd probably be easier just to use a completely new formula. How do people actually develop damage formulas? I was considering opening excel and trying to build the formula that way (mapping Attack Stats vs. Defense Stats for instance) but I was wondering if there's an easier way? While I can't convey the full game mechanics of my game here, might someone be able to suggest a good starting place for building a damage formula? Thanks

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  • Glenn Fiedler's fixed timestep with fake threads

    - by kaoD
    I've implemented Glenn Fiedler's Fix Your Timestep! quite a few times in single-threaded games. Now I'm facing a different situation: I'm trying to do this in JavaScript. I know JS is single-threaded, but I plan on using requestAnimationFrame for the rendering part. This leaves me with two independent fake threads: simulation and rendering (I suppose requestAnimationFrame isn't really threaded, is it? I don't think so, it would BREAK JS.) Timing in these threads is independent too: dt for simulation and render is not the same. If I'm not mistaken, simulation should be up to Fiedler's while loop end. After the while loop, accumulator < dt so I'm left with some unspent time (dt) in the simulation thread. The problem comes in the draw/interpolation phase: const double alpha = accumulator / dt; State state = currentState*alpha + previousState * ( 1.0 - alpha ); render( state ); In my render callback, I have the current timestamp to which I can subtract the last-simulated-in-physics-timestamp to have a dt for the current frame. Should I just forget about this dt and draw using the physics thread's dt? It seems weird, since, well, I want to interpolate for the unspent time between simulation and render too, right? Of course, I want simulation and rendering to be completely independent, but I can't get around the fact that in Glenn's implementation the renderer produces time and the simulation consumes it in discrete dt sized chunks. A similar question was asked in Semi Fixed-timestep ported to javascript but the question doesn't really get to the point, and answers there point to removing physics from the render thread (which is what I'm trying to do) or just keeping physics in the render callback too (which is what I'm trying to avoid.)

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  • Loading class instance from XML with Texture2D

    - by Thegluestickman
    I'm having trouble with XML and XNA. I want to be able to load weapon settings through XML to make my weapons easier to make and to have less code in the actual project file. So I started out making a basic XML document, something to just assign variables with. But no matter what I changed it gave me a new error every time. The code below gives me a "XML element 'Tag' not found", I added and it started to say the variables weren't found. What I wanted to do in the XML file as well, was load a texture for the file too. So I created a static class to hold my texture values, then in the Texture tag of my XML document I would set it to that instance too. I think that's were the problems are occuring because that's where the "XML element 'Tag' not found" error is pointing me too. My XML document: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="ConversationEngine.Weapon"> <weaponStrength>0</weaponStrength> <damageModifiers>0</damageModifiers> <speed>0</speed> <magicDefense>0</magicDefense> <description>0</description> <identifier>0</identifier> <weaponTexture>LoadWeaponTextures.ironSword</weaponTexture> </Asset> </XnaContent> My Class to load the weapon XML: public class Weapon { public int weaponStrength; public int damageModifiers; public int speed; public int magicDefense; public string description; public string identifier; public Texture2D weaponTexture; } public static class LoadWeaponXML { static Weapon Weapons; public static Weapon WeaponLoad(ContentManager content, int id) { Weapons = content.Load<Weapon>(@"Weapons/" + id); return Weapons; } } public static class LoadWeaponTextures { public static Texture2D ironSword; public static void TextureLoad(ContentManager content) { ironSword = content.Load<Texture2D>("Sword"); } } I'm not entirely sure if you can load textures through XML, but any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • RTS Movement + Navigation + Destination

    - by Oliver Jones
    I'm looking into building my own simple RTS game, and I'm trying to get my head around the movement of single, and multi selected units. (Developing in Unity) After much research, I now know that its a bigger task than I thought. So I need to break it down. I already have an A* navigation system with static obstacles taken into account. I don't want to worry about dynamic local avoidance right now. So I guess my first break down question would be: How would I go about moving mutli units to the same location. Right now - my units move to the location, but because they're all told to go to the same location, they start to 'fight' over one another to get there. I think theres two paths to go down: 1) Give each individual unit a separate destination point that is close to the 'master' destination point - and get the units to move to that. 2) Group my selected units in a flock formation, and move that entire flock group towards the destination point. Question about each path: 1a) How can I go about finding a suitable destination point that is close to the master destination? What happens if there isn't a suitable destination point? 1b) Would this be more CPU heavy? As it has to compute a path for each unit? (40 unit count). 2a) Is this a good idea? Not giving the units themselves a destination, but instead the flock (which holds the units within). The units within the flock could then maintain a formation (local avoidance) - though, again local avoidance is not an issue at this current time. 2b) Not sure what results I would get if I have a flock of 5 units, or a flock of 40 units, as the radius would be greater - which might mess up my A* navigation system. In other words: A flock of 2 units will be able to move down an alleyway, but a flock of 40 wont. But my nav system won't take that into account. I would appreciate any feedback. Kind regards, Ollie Jones

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  • Objective-c Cocos2d moving a sprite

    - by marcg11
    I hope someone knows how to do the following with cocos2d: I want a sprite to move but not in a single line by using [cocosGuy runAction: [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:1 position:location]]; What I want is the sprite to do some kind of movements that I preestablish. For example in some point i want the sprirte to move for instance up and then down but in a curve. Do I have to do this with flash like this documents says? http://www.cocos2d-iphone.org/wiki/doku.php/prog_guide:animation Does animation in this page means moving sprites or what? thanks

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  • How to code UI / HUD in Entity System?

    - by Sylpheed
    I think I already got the idea of the Entity System inspired by Adam Martin (t-machine). I want to start using this for my next project. I already know the basic of Entity, Components, and Systems. My problem is how to handle UI / HUD. For example, a quest window, skill window, character info window, etc. How do you handle UI events (eg. pressing a button)? These are stuff that doesn't need to be processed every frame. Currently, I'm using MVC to code UI but I don't think that'll be compatible for Entity System. I've read that Entity System is embedded on a larger OOP. I don't know if UI is outside of ES or not. How do I approach this one?

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  • Java - Resize images upon class instantiation

    - by Tyler J Fisher
    Hey StackExchange GameDev community, I'm attempting to: Resize series of sprites upon instantiation of the class they're located in (x2) I've attempted to use the following code to resize the images, however my attempts have been unsuccessful. I have been unable to write an implementation that is even compilable, so no error codes yet. wLeft.getScaledInstance(wLeft.getWidth()*2, wLeft.getHeight()*2, Image.SCALE_FAST); I've heard that Graphics2D is the best option. Any suggestions? I think I'm probably best off loading the images into a Java project, resizing the images then outputting them to a new directory so as not to have to resize each sprite upon class instantiation. What do you think? Photoshopping each individual sprite is out of the question, unless I used a macro. Code: package game; //Import import java.awt.Image; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class Mario extends Human { Image wLeft = new ImageIcon("sprites\\mario\\wLeft.PNG").getImage(); //Constructor public Mario(){ super("Mario", 50); wLeft.getScaledInstance(wLeft.getWidth()*2, wLeft.getHeight()*2, Image.SCALE_FAST); } Thanks! Note: not homework, just thought Mario would be a good, overused starting point in game dev.

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  • how to re-use a sprite in cocos2d-x

    - by zinking
    some times it takes time to create the sprite structures in the scene, I might need to setup structures inside this sprite to meet requirement, thus I would hope to reuse such structures with the game again and again. I tried that, remove the child from parent, detach it from parent , clean parent with the sprite. but when I try to add the sprite to another scene, it's just wont pass the assertion that the sprite already have parent did I miss some step ? add an example: I have a sprite A which involves of quite a few steps to construct, so I used it in scene A layer A, and then I want to use it in scene A layer B, scene B layer A1 etc..... generally speaking I don't want to reconstruct the sprte again.

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