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• How to load previous kernel via ssh?

  - by Aamir

  I work remotely on my work computer. I am also the root of the workstation that I am sharing with my colleague. Yesterday, I upgraded the kernel to 2.6.31-17 when asked by the update manager but refrained from restarting because I knew my NVIDIA and several other kernel modules wouldn't work. Unfortunately my colleague who is a linux noob restarted the machine and here I am :( I am thinking of changing the symlinks /initrd.img and /vmlinuz to the previous kernel image and use kexec. Please tell some better way to load the 2.6.31-16 release of kernel from ssh and not the grub boot menu. I am using Ubuntu Karmic.

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• JFFS2 poor mount performance

  - by Marcin Polkowski

  I run multiple ARM boards with Debian Linux installed. Board is equipped with 512 MB of NAND memory. I've observed that after ~3 months of continuous run booting time increased significantly - it takes over 3 minutes to mount filesystem (JFFS2). System was using about 35% of available storage so I’ve removed unnecessary files (got to ~18%) but this didn't change anything. Then I realized that my software produces directories that are left empty so I’ve removed ~500 empty and unnecessary dirs. This didn’t help either. After system is started I see JFFS2 garbage collector (jffs2_gcd_mtd4) running and occupying over 90% of CPU. Now my question: is there a way to „optimize” JFFS2 filesystem for better performance - faster booting (my system have limited timid to boot up)? It would be great if this optimization could be done remotely - I have no physical access to boards.

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• SMS Gateway Suggestions Needed

  - by SidC

  Hi All, Our website is written using PHP and is powered by a hosted Linux web server. We want to allow our users to receive SMS messages when they've received intranet-site messages from fellow users - SMS Notification. What is required to implement this functionality? Are there open source (free?) server applications that address this? Do we need to contract with wireless carriers to send messages to their networks? What, if any fees, must be paid to them? Thanks, Sid

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• How does pptpd (poptop) or pppd work with eap-tls and mppe-128?

  - by Henk

  To create a VPN I've installed pptpd on an Ubuntu domU (Debian domUs can also be created). MSCHAPv2 isn't a very strong authentication protocol so I'd like to use EAP-TLS. I've set up a FreeRADIUS server and certificates for EAP-TLS before (for use with WPA), and I've also set up a pptp server with mschap-v2 auth, but I can't figure out how to combine the two. Maybe pppd can use EAP-TLS on its own, but I can't find support for it in the Ubuntu package. If I need to patch the package, that's fine, I know how to patch Debian packages (provided the patch applies cleanly). Also, can MPPE still be used when pppd is configured to use EAP? Because it says in the manual several times that MPPE requires MSCHAP. However, other docs like this one: http://www.nikhef.nl/~janjust/ppp/ seem to refute that. The clients are running Mac OS X Leopard and GNU/Linux, there's no need to fix anything for Windows.

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• When HDD becomes full, how to create a symbolic link to the data store on another disk?

  - by Brij Raj Singh

  I have a Linux Ubuntu machine which has an X GB hard disk. There is folder, say, /opt/software/data. The disk /dev/sda1 is almost full and I have attached another disk at /dev/sda2 which is mounted at /hdd2. Is it possible for me to link the folders /opt/software/data with /hdd2/software/data so, that every file get stored in the /hdd2/software/data but may be referred from the /opt/software/data? I can't do a reinstall of the software that creates this data, to change the default location of storage.

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• Force a browser to load the 'https' edition of a website, not the 'http'?

  - by warren

  This is similar to this previous question, but I believe it's a bit different*. Sites like GMail support a preference that pushes all traffic through the SSL edition of the site rather than the plain-text protocol. For sites that don't offer such preferences (or ones that may, but I have been unable to find, like facebook), is there a way using only the browser (perhaps with a plugin or addon) to always try SSL first, and fall-back to plain-text iff SSL fails? Is that solution available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux? Just one? * The previous question was looking for external applications that would accomplish this goal.

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• Setting per-directory umask using ACLs

  - by Yarin

  We want to mimic the behavior of a system-wide 002 umask on a certain directory foo, in order to ensure the following result: All sub-directories created underneath foo will have 775 permissions All files created underneath foo and subdirectories will have 664 permissions 1 and 2 will happen for files/dirs created by all users, including root, and all daemons. Assuming that ACL is enabled on our partition, this is the command we've come up with: setfacl -R -d -m mask:002 foo This seems to be working- I'm basically just looking for confirmation. Is this the most effective way to apply a per-directory umask with an ACL?

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• Weird RAM Upgrade Experience

  - by Axel Isouard

  I have a laptop, HP EliteBook 8540p having originally 4GB RAM and I've recently bought Corsair Value Select SO-DIMM 16 Go (2x 8 Go) DDR3 1333 MHz. It fits the required RAM specifications perfectly, and once I've inserted them, the BIOS recognizes the memory correctly, but my linux Gentoo running on kernel 3.1.6 SMP x86_64 crashes immediately when I'm running an app which consumes a lot of memory. The laptop crashes as if there's no more battery left, when the memory reaches at least 6000MB ram. Windows 7 doesn't want to run anymore, it shows a blue screen with the IRQ LESS OR EQUAL error if I set 8GB, and it doesn't boot at all if I set 16GB. Is there something I could do to fix this please ?

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• Why does the sudo command not work in chroot?

  - by katarina

  I just installed a 32-bit chroot to run on my 64-bit system. In the chroot environment, the sudo command doesn't work, it says sudo: command not found Also, when I try the su root command, my password doesn't work (su: authentication failure). What password do they want? I'm quite new to Ubuntu, so actually I don't really know what I'm doing. I am just trying to follow instructions. I solved this particular problem simply by starting the chroot by the command: katarina@ubuntu:~$ schroot -c oneiric_i386 -u root instead of the one I used the first time: katarina@ubuntu:~$ schroot -a I still have some other problems, but I guess that's not for this question.

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• Enabling Compiz Viewport Switcher key bindings

  - by David Moles

  I'm running compiz 0.8.2 with compizconfig on Scientific Linux 6.2 with Gnome 2.28.2. In the compizconfig "General Options" I have "Desktop Size" set as follows: Horizontal Virtual Size: 6 Vertical Virtual Size: 1 Number of Desktops: 1 This gets me the layout I want, i.e. 6 workspaces in a horizontal layout. Ctrl-alt-cursor-keys work fine for switching between them. However, I can't figure out how to get key bindings for specific workspaces. I've tried enabling "Viewport Switcher" in compizconfig, and tried various combinations both in "Number-based viewport switching" and "Go to specific viewport", to no apparent effect. My first thought was that something else was eating the specific key bindings I chose, but I think I've tried every combination of shift, control, alt and super (i.e., the Windows key) by now. I tried setting 6 desktops under "General Options" instead of one desktop with horizontal virtual size 6, but that doesn't seem to make a difference either. What am I missing?

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• automated printouts from a wireless printer

  - by Piotr

  I have a wireless printer which is always on, and an always on fanless linux server. Looking at the mprinter project on Kickstarter I started to wonder if there is an app somewhere in the internet already that will allow to prepare an automated daily printout based on some settings. things to be printed could include - weather forecast for my locations, todo`s scheduled for that day, a "quote of a day" or "word of the day", stats from google analytics for my site, and many more ... I would set a printout at 6:15 every work day so its on my printer when I am already up, having a coffee. anyone knows something that can be used for such purpose? While I know this can be done by combining the power of TeX, cron and a script language to manage the dynamic part of the PDF I believe this is a use case someone has already addressed.

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• Dediced server for all network functions?

  - by Alan

  I want to set up a fictional network configuration for a school in my neighborhood. They have about 50 computers altogether, 2X20 in computer rooms for students and another 10 scattered around for various professors. They should all access the internet through a dedicated Linux router machine. What they would like is to have domain names for those three computer groups. Lab1, Lab2 and Professors. The computers in Lab2 and Lab1 should have static ip and should all be named by numbers. So there should be 1@Lab1, 2@Lab1.... etc. And the Professors network should have a DHCP, with authentication. Is it an ok solution to have all these functions on a single server? (The one which will be used as a router) Do I have to set a local DNS for domain naming? Do the host names for Lab computers have to be set on the clients, or can they be automatically assigned?

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• How do i allow users to execute commands via ssh without allocating a psuedo-terminal

  - by Dani El

  I need to allow users to run a limited set of commands. But not to allow them to create interactive sessions. Just like GitHub does. If you try to ssh without a command it greetings you and close the session. I can acquire this by using ForceCommand some-script But getting in some-script i then need to eval user's input. Perhaps any other NoTTY-like option in sshd_config? --- UPDATE --- i'm looking for a pure SSH / Bash solution, not Perl/Python/etc. hacks.

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• Post raid5 setup reboot shows single hard drive failure on ubuntu 12.10?

  - by junkie

  I just set up raid 5 on linux using three HDDs as per a guide. It all went fine until when I rebooted I got the following text: http://i.stack.imgur.com/Zsfjk.jpg. Does this mean one of my HDDs has failed? How do I check if any of them are failing? I tried using smartctl and didn't see any issues. Or is it nothing to do with failure and something else altogether? I would like to get the raid 5 working again but I'm not sure where to go from here. I'm using ubuntu 12.10 and the three raid disks each have a gpt partition with a single full size partition of filesystem type ext4. Note I only got an error on reboot not while I was creating the raid array which went fine. Thanks.

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• How can I access my mini-pc (RaspberryPi / MK802 / Mele A1000 / VIA APC) via ethernet/wifi without having Monitor?

  - by sky770

  Soon I will be getting my own mini-PC (RaspberryPi / MK802 / Mele A1000 / VIA APC). But I was wondering whether is there any possibility that I can just power up and access my mini-pc's OS by connecting it to wifi/ethernet link and remotely access it over the LAN without actually needing a monitor (throughout the process?) ? I currently own a laptop and need a download box and later will be getting a HDTV for converting to a HTPC :D So, I don't really own a spare monitor now but I do have an extra keyboard and mouse. Is there exists any linux distro for the same? which I can use to directly fireup my mini-pc and hook it up across my LAN to remotely access through my laptop? Any suggestions appreciated :) Regards, sky770

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• How to make Windows 7 Network show Samba share after VM is rebooted/restored?

  - by lackey

  On Windows 7, I have VirtualBox running Linux (Ubuntu 8.04), with Samba set up so that the Windows host can access it. But if the virtual machine is shut down & restored, or rebooted, the Windows Network no longer shows it. I've tried refreshing many times, restarting Samba, disabling/enabling the virtual network adapter, and running the succession of commands ipconfig /release, ipconfig /flushdns, & ipconfig /renew, but none worked. As a last resort I could restart the host itself, but is there a better way?

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• Is it possible to install Photomatix under wine?

  - by chris

  Is it possible to install Photomatix under wine? I'm running Ubuntu 9.04, and I've tried both the default download and the embedded .net version. The first attempts to install the .net framework 1.1, and fails, while the 2nd appears to install but won't run. After a bit of googling, er, binging, I tried adding the .net 2.0 runtime via winetricks, and now it appears to install OK, but still won't run - either from the wine menu, or from the command line. Is it possible? What do I need to do?

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• How to restore default iPod playlists on Amarok?

  - by obvio171

  I wanted to "reset" the collection on my iPod and ended up accidentally deleting, through Amarok, all the playlists, including the default ones like "Most Played" and "Highest Rated". Since these are dynamic playlists with a special meaning for iPod, I don't think creating new, normal playlists with the same name will bring their special behavior back. How do I restore them with the same dynamic functionality? Is there a way to do that on Amarok? Rhythmbox? GTKPod? Command line? P.S.: not entirely sure what the policy about iPod questions are, but this one in particular seems to me to be very computer-related because, although it's about interfacing with a device, everything has to be done on my computer, using standard PC libraries/programs, etc. If it's still off-topic, please point me to where I could post it.

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• chroot for unsecure programs execution

  - by attwad

  Hi, I have never set-up a chroot-jailed environment before and I am afraid I need some help to do it well. To explain shortly what this is all about: I have a webserver to which users send python scripts to process various files that are stored on the server (the system is for Research purpose). Everyday a cron job starts the execution of the uploaded scripts via a command of this kind: /usr/bin/python script_file.py All of this is really insecure and I would like to create a jail in which I would copy the necessary files (uploaded scripts, files to process, python binary and dependencies). I already looked at various utilities to create jails but none of them seemed up-to-date or were lacking solid documentation (ie. the links proposed in How can I run an untrusted python script) Could anyone guide me to a viable solution to my problem? like a working example of a script that creates a jail, put some files in it and executes a python script? Thank you very much.

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• Can gedit on mac be used to edit files over ssh?

  - by Dave

  I use a linux machine at work and a mac at home. I can ssh from my machine at home to my work machine. But the only editor that I have access to on the command line then is vi, which I don't like. Is there a way to use gedit on my mac to edit files remotely over an ssh connection? This page says that it can be done, but I think that it assumes that you are using gedit on ubuntu. On my mac (os 10.5.8) I don't have the "bookmark" option when I click "connect to server". http://thecodecentral.com/2010/04/02/use-gedit-as-remote-file-editor-via-ftp-and-ssh-ubuntu/comment-page-1#comment-50558

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• eTrayz: Replace base system with a bootstrapped Debian

  - by knoopx

  I bought an eTrayz NAS time ago. The device is more or less good but it ships with a closed-source custom linux and a bunch of broken web-apps. I wanted to replace the whole system with a raw Debian installation. I successfully bootstrapped a Lenny Debian into a chroot and I'm able to use use it. However I would like it to be the default system and to boot automatically at login. The device itself ships with a bundled 2.6.24.4 kernel. I think the kernel is on a dedicated flash memory so I would prefere not to re-flash it. What do you think is the best way to accomplish it?

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• How to display SSH banner at login, but only for password authentication

  - by banjer

  I have a warning message that is displayed to a user after they enter their username to log in to our Linux servers. I only want to display this message for password authentications, and not when keys are used. It should only show to a user who is logging into a host, and not when they are sshing from one host to another (our hosts all have keys set up so we can ssh from one to another without entering passwords). Currently, I have a line for Banner in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file which points to a text file containing the warning message. Banner doesn't appear to have any further config options, so I'm wondering if there is a way to do this with pam or some other mechanism? Thanks.

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• how to correctly download tomcat 6 on centos 5.5

  - by user582862

  hi guys, i am a big confused about how to install tomcat 6 on centos 5.5 final. this is what i am trying to do: # cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # wget http://jpackage.org/jpackage50.repo # yum install tomcat6 tomcat6-webapps tomcat6-admin-webapps but when i type the widget command, this is what i get: Resolving www.jpackage.org... failed: Temporary failure in name resolution. wget: unable to resolve host address `www.jpackage.org' could anyone kindly show me the right way please. really in trouble at the moment with this. thanks in advance.

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• Blank screen after grub menu

  - by Tim

  I just rebooted an Ubuntu Server 10.04. After choosing boot options in the grub menu, though, it just displays a black screen with the blinking white underscore in the upper-left corner. The machine has had (hardware) trouble with networking before, but the problem remains after 10 minutes, so I don't think it's the problem now. Booting into recovery mode or using earlier kernels yields the same problem. This also happens if I boot from another hard-drive. I haven't yet tried to boot from CD as the machine lacks a CD reader. How should I diagnose the problem? Update: My boot options are: recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 567[redacted] linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-29-generic root=UUID=567[redacted] ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-29-generic Update: Also, I cannot access the virtual terminals (ctrl+alt+Fn).

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• need for tcp fine-tuning on heavily used proxy server

  - by Vijay Gharge

  Hi all, I am using squid like Internet proxy server on RHEL 4 update 6 & 8 with quite heavy load i.e. 8k established connections during peak hour. Without depending much on application provider's expertise I want to achieve maximum o/p from linux. W.r.t. that I have certain questions as following: How to find out if there is scope for further tcp fine-tuning (without exhausting available resources) as the benchmark values given by vendor looks poor! Is there any parameter value that is available from OS / network stack that will show me the results. If at all there is scope, how shall I identify & configure OS tcp stack parameters i.e. using sysctl or any specific parameter Post tuning how shall I clearly measure performance enhancement / degradation ?

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