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• How to perform a nested mount when using chroot?

  - by user55542

  Note that this question is prompted by the circumstances detailed by me (as Xl1NntniNH7F) in http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-desktop-74/boot-failure-upon-updating-e2fsprogs-in-ubuntu-10-10-a-947328/. Thus if you could address the underlying cause of the boot failure, I would very much appreciate it. I'm trying to replicate the environment in my ubuntu installation (where the home folder is on a separate partition) in order to run make uninstall. I'm using a live cd. How to mount a dir in one partition (sda2, mounted in ubuntu as the home folder) into a directory on another mounted partition (sda3)? I did chroot /mnt/sda2 but I don't know how to mount sda3 to /home, and my various attempts didn't work. As I am unfamiliar with chroot, my approach could be wrong, so it would be great if you could suggest what I should do, given my circumstances.

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• Linux (Ubuntu) USB Auth

  - by themicahmachine

  I want to be able to authenticate with PAM using a USB drive with a file on it. I've read about how to do this with a PAM module that reads the specific USB hardware ID of a device, but if the device malfunctions or is lost, there would be no way to authenticate. I would prefer to use the method BitLocker uses, requiring a particular file to be found on the drive in order to authenticate. That way I can keep another drive in a secure location as a backup. Any other suggestions are welcome. I just want to require a higher level of security that just a password.

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• Lightweight alternative to R for RHEL?

  - by Eric Rath

  I want to use R for some statistical analysis of logfile information, but found that even the "limited" R-core RPM has a lot of dependencies not already installed. I don't want to install so many packages for a peripheral need. Are there lightweight alternatives for simple statistical analysis on RHEL 6? I have an R script that accepts on stdin a large set of values -- one value per line -- and prints out the min, max, mean, median, 95th percentile, and standard deviation. For more context, I'm using grep and awk to find GET requests for a particular path in our webserver log files, get the response times, and calculate the metrics listed above in order to measure the impact on performance of changes to a web application. I don't need any graphing capabilities, just simple computation. Is there something I've overlooked?

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• Origin of display connector numbers in XServer (e.g. HDMI1, HDMI2, DP1)

  - by Andreas N

  a custom mainboard has a DVI and a DisplayPort connector on the board. Currently, everything that is connected at DVI will be named "HDMI2" in XServer. I can see that by calling the "xrandr" tool (in Ubuntu Trusty Tahr). A display connected to the DP connector will be named "DP1" or "HDMI1", if I use a DP-to-DVI adapter. We are now testing a slightly upgraded board version, which has a newer CPU (Intel J1800, Baytrail) among other things and the position of the DVI and DP connectors are switched. Also, everything at the DVI port is called "HDMI1" and something connected to the DP port gets "DP2" or "HDMI2". Q: What causes these numbers to be produced in this manner and where (probably in the kernel) is it happening? I suspect the cause to be hardware related. Specifically, at which CPU pins the connector pins are routed and attached to. Q: Would it be possible to influence this numbering scheme in order to retain the previous numbering behaviour?

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• Edit write-protected files by breaking hard links

  - by Taymon

  A directory which I own and can write to contains hard links to files that I don't own and don't have write permission for. I want to open and edit these files in Emacs. When I save my changes, Emacs should rename the existing hard link by appending ~, then write my new version of the file as a new file owned by me. I was under the impression that Emacs could just do this (because of the way it does backups), but it's not working; when I save, it attempts to change the file's permissions in order to write to it (and fails because I don't own the file). How do I make this happen?

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• Emailing Service: To or Bcc?

  - by Shelakel

  I'm busy coding a reusable e-mail service for my company. The e-mail service will be doing quite a few things via injection through the strategy pattern (such as handling e-mail send rate throttling, switching between Smtp and AmazonSES or Google AppEngine for e-mail clients when daily quotas are exceeded, send statistics tracking (mostly because it is neccessary in order to stay within quotas) to name a few). Because e-mail sending will need to be throttled and other limitations exist (ex. max recipient quota on AmazonSES limiting recipients to 50 per send), the e-mails typically need to be broken up. From your experience, would it be better to send bulk (multiple recipients per e-mail) or a single e-mail per recipient? The implications of the above would be to send to a 1000 recipients, with a limit of 50 per send, you would send 20 e-mails using BCC in a newsletter scenario. When sending an e-mail per recipient, it would send 1000 e-mails. E-mail sending is asynchronous (due to inherit latency when sending, it's typically only possible to send 5 e-mails per second unless you are using multiple client asynchronously). Edit Just for full disclosure, this service won't be used by or sold to spammers and will as far as possible automatically comply with national and international laws. Closed< Thanks for all the valuable feedback. The concerns regarding compliance towards laws, user experience (generic vs. personalized unsubscribe) and spam regulation via ISP blacklisting does make To the preferred and possibly the only choice when sending system generated e-mails to recipients.

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• trying to set up wireless router, failing

  - by j j

  Hi, I am trying to set up Netgear's wireless-n WNR2000 router, following their oversimplified 5- step process for plugging in wires, and I'm not having any success. It comes down to: once everything is wired and turned on in the correct order, all of the LEDs match the image they give of 'what should be lit up', but their setup disk still doesn't find the router. They have a site to set up the router manually, www.routerlogin.net, which I cannot navigate to, even while wired directly to the router. http://192.168.1.1 doesn't connect to anything, either. The interesting part: i get ping replies from Google's DNS server at 8.8.8.8 while this is set up. but cannot connect to any web site by name, since the router's DNS isn't set up. One thought is that the router and modem both have the same IP address, so it's conflicting, but I'm not sure how I'd resolve that. Any ideas?

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• Traspose matrix-style table to 3 columns in Excel

  - by polarbear2k

  I have a matrix-style table in excel where B1:Z1 are column headings and A2:A99 are row headings. I would like to convert this table to a 3 column table (column heading, row heading, cell value). It does not matter in what order the new table is. A B C D A B C A B C 1 H1 H2 H3 1 H1 R1 V1 1 H1 R1 V1 2 R1 V1 V2 V3 => 2 H1 R2 V4 or 2 H2 R1 V2 3 R2 V4 V5 V6 3 H1 R3 V7 3 H3 R1 V3 4 R3 V7 V8 V9 4 H2 R1 V2 4 H1 R2 V4 5 H2 R2 V5 5 H2 R2 V5 6 H2 R3 V8 6 H3 R2 V6 7 H3 R1 V3 7 H1 R3 V7 8 H3 R2 V6 8 H2 R3 V8 9 H3 R3 V9 9 H3 R3 V8 I've been playing around with the OFFSET function to create the whole table but I feel like a combination of TRANSPOSE and V/HLOOKUP is required. Thanks

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• How to schedule download of windows 7 updates?

  - by atoMerz

  To put it short: I'd like to schedule my windows updates to start/stop at certain times of day. How can I do this? More explanation: This is because my internet traffic is limited by ISP and it's free only during a specific period throughout the day (2:00am-7:00am). I've set windows update setting to check for updates but notify me before downloading in order to prevent it from automatically using up my traffic. But then I have to manually tell it when to start downloading. I obviously don't want to stay up that late just to push a button. So again, how can I schedule windows updates to start/stop at specified times?

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• Software Architecture: How to divide work to a network of computers?

  - by Morpork

  Imagine a scenario as follows: Lets say you have a central computer which generates a lot of data. This data must go through some processing, which unfortunately takes longer than to generate. In order for the processing to catch up with real time, we plug in more slave computers. Further, we must take into account the possibility of slaves dropping out of the network mid-job as well as additional slaves being added. The central computer should ensure that all jobs are finished to its satisfaction, and that jobs dropped by a slave are retasked to another. The main question is: What approach should I use to achieve this? But perhaps the following would help me arrive at an answer: Is there a name or design pattern to what I am trying to do? What domain of knowledge do I need to achieve the goal of getting these computers to talk to each other? (eg. will a database, which I have some knowledge of, be enough or will this involve sockets, which I have yet to have knowledge of?) Are there any examples of such a system? The main question is a bit general so it would be good to have a starting point/reference point. Note I am assuming constraints of c++ and windows so solutions pointing in that direction would be appreciated.

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• Why can't I extend the C: drive on Vista? Because I have Free Space to its right instead of Unalloca

  - by tzup

  Okay this is annoying! I have a C: drive that is the primary partition (bootable) that I would like to extend. In order to do that it seems like I need to have Unallocated Space to the right of the partition. Right now, I have "Free Space" to the right. How in the world do I make it Unallocated (not formatted)? There must be some command line utility to be able to do this. Please help!

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• Why using Fragments?

  - by ahmed_khan_89

  I have read the documentation and some other questions' threads about this topic and I don't really feel convinced; I don't see clearly the limits of use of this technique. Fragments are now seen as a Best Practice; every Activity should be basically a support for one or more Fragments and not call a layout directly. Fragments are created in order to: allow the Activity to use many fragments, to change between them, to reuse these units... == the Fragment is totally dependent to the Context of an activity , so if I need something generic that I can reuse and handle in many Activities, I can create my own custom layouts or Views ... I will not care about this additional Complexity Developing Layer that fragments would add. a better handling to different resolution == OK for tablets/phones in case of long process that we can show two (or more) fragments in the same Activity in Tablets, and one by one in phones. But why would I use fragments always ? handling callbacks to navigate between Fragments (i.e: if the user is Logged-in I show a fragment else I show another fragment). === Just try to see how many bugs facebook SDK Log-in have because of this, to understand that it is really (?) ... considering that an Android Application is based on Activities... Adding another life cycles in the Activity would be better to design an Application... I mean the modules, the scenarios, the data management and the connectivity would be better designed, in that way. === This is an answer of someone who's used to see the Android SDK and Android Framework with a Fragments vision. I don't think it's wrong, but I am not sure it will give good results... And it is really abstract... ==== Why would I complicate my life, coding more, in using them always? else, why is it a best practice if it's just a tool for some cases? what are these cases?

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• How can I access cpu temperature readings using c#?

  - by Paul

  For a programming project I would like to access the temperature readings from my CPU and GPUs. I will be using C#. From various forums I get the impression that there is specific information and developer resources you need in order to access that information for various boards. I have a MSI NF750-G55 board. MSI's website does not have any of the information I am looking for. I tried their tech support and the rep I spoke with stated they do not have any such information. There must be a way to obtain that info. Any thoughts?

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• How do I get 12.04 to recognize swap partition so that I can hibernate?

  - by Kayla

  I justed installed 12.04 and used gparted to erase and enlarge my swap partition. When I rebooted, gparted said that the file partition for the swap was unknown. Gparted doesn't let me change the file partition to "linux-swap". It does let me change it to NTFS, but when I reboot, it goes back to "unknown". Thanks in advance for your help. Output from sudo swapon -s: Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 partition 9025532 0 -1 Output from sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x9d63ac84 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2459647 1228800 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 2459648 197836472 97688412+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 466890752 488395119 10752184 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 197836798 466890751 134526977 5 Extended /dev/sda5 197836800 448837631 125500416 83 Linux /dev/sda6 448839680 466890751 9025536 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 9242 MB, 9242148864 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1123 cylinders, total 18051072 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x951b7f53 Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• What processes would make the selling of a hard drive that previously held sensitive data justifiable? [closed]

  - by user12583188

  Possible Duplicate: Securely erasing all data from a hard drive In my personal collection are an increasing number of relatively new drives, only put on the shelf due to upgrades; in the past I have never sold hard drives with used machines for fear of having the encrypted password databases that have been stored on them compromised, but as their numbers increase I find myself more tempted to do so (due to the $$$ I know they're worth on the used market). What tools then exist to make the recovery of data from said drives difficult to the extent that selling them could be justified? Another way of saying this would be: what tools/method exist for making the attempts at recovery of any data previously stored on a certain drive impractical? I assume that it is always possible to recover data from a drive that is in working order. I assume also there are some methods for preventing recovery of data due a program called dban, and one particular feature in macOSX that deals with permanently deleting data from a disk.

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• Why is the remove function not working for hashmaps? [migrated]

  - by John Marston

  I am working on a simple project that obtains data from an input file, gets what it needs and prints it to a file. I am basically getting word frequency so each key is a string and the value is its frequency in the document. The problem however, is that I need to print out these values to a file in descending order of frequency. After making my hashmap, this is the part of my program that sorts it and writes it to a file. //Hashmap I create Map<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Integer>(); //function to sort hashmap while (map.isEmpty() == false){ for (Entry<String, Integer> entry: map.entrySet()){ if (entry.getValue() > valueMax){ max = entry.getKey(); System.out.println("max: " + max); valueMax = entry.getValue(); System.out.println("value: " + valueMax); } } map.remove(max); out.write(max + "\t" + valueMax + "\n"); System.out.println(max + "\t" + valueMax); } When I run this i get: t 9 t 9 t 9 t 9 t 9 .... so it appears the remove function is not working as it keeps getting the same value. I'm thinking i have an issue with a scope rule or I just don't understand hashmaps very well. If anyone knows of a better way to sort a hashmap and print it, I would welcome a suggestion. thanks

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• How to copy a button with shadow effect from PSD to PNG

  - by Alex

  I got a web site design in PSD file from a web-designer. All element s there snap to guides, which is handy when I make a selection to copy an element of design to a PNG file: guides make my selection precise. One button there has two states: normal and hover. Both states contains of several layers. So I am trying to copy both states as PNG files in order to make a nice button in html. The problem is that both states have shadow effects, which go beyond the layers' edges, i.e. when I try to select a button my selection (snapped to guides) does not include an outer part of the shadow. How do I make a precise selection of the button state in such situation?

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• Google Analytics API data for goals (funnels) doesn't match - how do they reconcile?

  - by bkgraham

  I have a Google Analytics account with a well-functioning funnel made up of 4 goals. I can query the API and get the data out, but it does not match the funnel report in Analytics. Without getting into specific values, I can give you an example with faked data. Here's how the funnel might look: Shopping Cart 100 > 100 > 20 80 (80%) Address Page 5 > 85 > 25 60 (71%) Payment Page 2 > 62 > 10 52 (84%) Checkout 1 > 53 (49.07% funnel conversion rate) Okay, so you would expect the API to output data something like this: goal1Starts goal1Completions goal1Abandons 100 80 20 goal2Starts goal2Completions goal2Abandons 85 60 25 goal3Starts goal3Completions goal3Abandons 62 52 10 goal4Starts goal4Completions goal4Abandons 53 53 0 Instead, it's different. Firstly, the abandons are associated with the following goal (so goal1 always has 0 abandons and goal4 always has 0 abandons. Okay, I can work with that. What's confusing is that the numbers are always a little different. The goal1Completions always match the report, as do the goal4Completions, but everything else is off by a small amount. Sometimes it's only 2 visits, other times it's off by 50. For the report above here's the kind of results I would tend to get: goal1Starts goal1Completions goal1Abandons 100 100 0 goal2Starts goal2Completions goal2Abandons 105 84 21 goal3Starts goal3Completions goal3Abandons 90 65 25 goal4Starts goal4Completions goal4Abandons 58 53 5 Here's what I know: Goal(n)Completions + Goal(n)Abandons = Goal(n)Starts Goal(n)Starts = Goal(n-1)Completions Goal(n)Starts - Goal(n-1)Completions != reported number entering at that level That third one is particularly disappointing. So, here's my question: What data do I need to pull from the API in order to recreate the counts in the Funnel report in Google Analytics? I don't need the pages exited to entering from - just the counts at every level.

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• Linux/Solaris replace hostnames in files according to hostname rule

  - by yael

  According to the following Perl command ( this command part of ksh script ) I can replaced old hostnames with new hostnames in Linux or Solaris previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a export previos_machine_name export new_machine_name . perl -i -pe 'next if /^ *#/; s/(\b|[[:^alnum:]])$ENV{previos_machine_name}(\b|[[:^alnum:]])/$1$ENV{new_machine_name}$2/g' file EXPLAIN: according to perl command - we not replaces hostnames on the follwoing case: RULE: [NUMBERS]||[letter]HOSTNAME[NUMBERS]||[letter] my question after I used the Perl command in order to replace all old hostnames with new hostnames based on the "RULE" in the Perl command how to verify that the old hostnames not exist in file ? for example previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a more file AAARed_Hat_linux1a verification should be ignore from this line @Red_Hat_linux1a$ verification should be match this line P=Red_Hat_linux1a verification should be match this line XXXRed_Hat_linux1aZZZ verification should be ignore from this line . . . .

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• Managing TFS Workspaces

  - by Enrique Lima

  You are the administrator (or since you may be the one that knows the most about it) and you need to do some cleanup on what is connected and perhaps even cleanup after people that have left the organization and left some code checked out in their workspace. What permissions do I need? You will need to have Administer Workspaces permission to perform the following tasks. The commands. In order to execute the commands, you will need to open a Visual Studio Command Prompt, once there you will be able to use the tf command.  This has a nice set of options, which I will be providing a listing for later on in another post. To list all workspaces registered: tf workspaces /collection:<url to your TPC> <workspace>;<owner> To delete a specific workspace: tf workspace /delete /server:<url to your TPC> <workspace>;<owner> If for any reason a workspace has embedded spaces, then surround that with “” (double quotes).

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• Running Debian as a Virtual Machine Host

  - by Tone

  I have a need to run a linux server to host subversion, bugzilla over Apache and also act as a file and print server. I also have a need to host Windows Server 2008 virtual machines for development purposes (I'm a .NET guy). The machine I have is a dual core AMD 2.5 Ghz w/2GB RAM. So here are my questions: 1) Should I run Debian (or some other distro) as the base AND create a Debian VM to host subversion, bugzilla and be my file/print server? or is it ok to use Debian as both my VM host and for those other reasons? 2) VMWare has a free server edition, Virtual Box also is another free option. Which one of these is better suited for what I need to do? Are there any other free (or inexpensive) alternatives out there? 3) Will I need a GUI with Debian in order to manage my VMs? 4) Can I run VMs without a GUI to conserve system resources?

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• Nginx config with try_files and rewrite : precedence?

  - by Penegal

  Good morning, everybody. Firstly, this question may have been already asked, but I searched ServerFault during about 15 minutes without finding it, so, if it was already asked, please accept my apologies. I'm trying to rationalize my Nginx server config, but I have a rather dumb question that I couldn't solve, even with extensive Web search, except if I totally f*cked my search. Here is the question : is try_files parsed before or after rewrite ? Asked differently, Do I have to put try_files after all rewrite directives, or is Nginx config parser smart enough to evaluate try_files after all relevant rewrite directives ? The link with the config rationalization is that the answer to this question will change the organisation of the config, ie if config file order of try_files and rewrite changes the config behaviour, it will force me to disperse my includes, some of them containing try_files and other ones containing rewrite, because I also have rewrite directly in nginx.conf. Hoping you can help me, Regards.

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• Does Google Chrome take over all other browsers no matter what?

  - by Jodi

  I can not use either IE or Firefox since I have downloaded Google Chrome. I don't even have Chrome set as my default anymore but it opens up anyway. I need to use IE in order to download updates for Windows Movie Maker and I can only download it using IE, thanks to good old Microsoft. And no where can I find a way to access IE on my computer. It is not shown in programs and no shortcut was created on my desktop in the download. Any suggestions? I got to get this video down and I am on a tight deadline. Thanks.

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• I can write code...but can't design well. Any suggestions?

  - by user396089

  I feel that I am good at writing code in bits and pieces, but my designs really suck. The question is how do I improve my designs (in order to become a better designer). I think schools and colleges do a good job of teaching people as to how to become good at mathematical problem solving, but lets admit the fact that most programs taught at school are generally around 1000 - 2000 lines long, which means that it is mostly an academic exercise and no way reflects the complexity of real world software (a few hundred thousand to millions of lines of code). This is where I believe that even projects like topcoder/project euler also won't be of much help, they might sharpen your mathematical problem solving ability - but you might become a theoretician programmer; someone who is more interested in the nice, clean stuff, and someone who is utterly un-interested in the day to day mundane and hairy stuff that most application programmers deal with. So my question is how do I improve my design skills? That is the ability to design small/medium scale applications that will go into a few thousand of lines of code? How can I learn design skills that would help me build a better html editor kit, or some graphics program like gimp?

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• LAN full of public ipv4 addresses - How to filter it?

  - by sparc86

  The answer to my question maybe is not that hard but anyways, I do not know what to do. So, I just got in a new job in a Univerisity and I found out that the network (the LAN) is full of public IP addresses. Seriously, the whole LAN (probably more than 150 hosts) has it' own internet IP address and I don't know how to manage it. I have a very good experience using iptables (Linux firewall) in a NAT'ed environment. But then how should I proceed in an environment where all my LAN is working with a bunch of public IP addresses? Should I just use the "forward" rules and ignore the NAT rules or is there any other issue in such environment which I should take care? Can I add a firewall between the router and the LAN in order to produce packet filtering for these public IP addresses in my LAN or will this just not work? Thanks!

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