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  • Implementing a robust async stream reader for a console

    - by Jon
    I recently provided an answer to this question: C# - Realtime console output redirection. As often happens, explaining stuff (here "stuff" was how I tackled a similar problem) leads you to greater understanding and/or, as is the case here, "oops" moments. I realized that my solution, as implemented, has a bug. The bug has little practical importance, but it has an extremely large importance to me as a developer: I can't rest easy knowing that my code has the potential to blow up. Squashing the bug is the purpose of this question. I apologize for the long intro, so let's get dirty. I wanted to build a class that allows me to receive input from a Stream in an event-based manner. The stream, in my scenario, is guaranteed to be a FileStream and there is also an associated StreamReader already present to leverage. The public interface of the class is this: public class MyStreamManager { public event EventHandler<ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs> StandardOutputRead; public void StartSendingEvents(); public void StopSendingEvents(); } Obviously this specific scenario has to do with a console's standard output. StartSendingEvents and StopSendingEvents do what they advertise; for the purposes of this discussion, we can assume that events are always being sent without loss of generality. The class uses these two fields internally: protected readonly StringBuilder inputAccumulator = new StringBuilder(); protected readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; The functionality of the class is implemented in the methods below. To get the ball rolling: public void StartSendingEvents(); { this.stopAutomation = false; this.BeginReadAsync(); } To read data out of the Stream without blocking, and also without requiring a carriage return char, BeginRead is called: protected void BeginReadAsync() { if (!this.stopAutomation) { this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.BeginRead( this.buffer, 0, this.buffer.Length, this.ReadHappened, null); } } The challenging part: BeginRead requires using a buffer. This means that when reading from the stream, it is possible that the bytes available to read ("incoming chunk") are larger than the buffer. Since we are only handing off data from the stream to a consumer, and that consumer may well have inside knowledge about the size and/or format of these chunks, I want to call event subscribers exactly once for each chunk. Otherwise the abstraction breaks down and the subscribers have to buffer the incoming data and reconstruct the chunks themselves using said knowledge. This is much less convenient to the calling code, and detracts from the usefulness of my class. Edit: There are comments below correctly stating that since the data is coming from a stream, there is absolutely nothing that the receiver can infer about the structure of the data unless it is fully prepared to parse it. What I am trying to do here is leverage the "flush the output" "structure" that the owner of the console imparts while writing on it. I am prepared to assume (better: allow my caller to have the option to assume) that the OS will pass me the data written between two flushes of the stream in exactly one piece. To this end, if the buffer is full after EndRead, we don't send its contents to subscribers immediately but instead append them to a StringBuilder. The contents of the StringBuilder are only sent back whenever there is no more to read from the stream (thus preserving the chunks). private void ReadHappened(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { var bytesRead = this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.EndRead(asyncResult); if (bytesRead == 0) { this.OnAutomationStopped(); return; } var input = this.StandardOutput.CurrentEncoding.GetString( this.buffer, 0, bytesRead); this.inputAccumulator.Append(input); if (bytesRead < this.buffer.Length) { this.OnInputRead(); // only send back if we 're sure we got it all } this.BeginReadAsync(); // continue "looping" with BeginRead } After any read which is not enough to fill the buffer, all accumulated data is sent to the subscribers: private void OnInputRead() { var handler = this.StandardOutputRead; if (handler == null) { return; } handler(this, new ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs(this.inputAccumulator.ToString())); this.inputAccumulator.Clear(); } (I know that as long as there are no subscribers the data gets accumulated forever. This is a deliberate decision). The good This scheme works almost perfectly: Async functionality without spawning any threads Very convenient to the calling code (just subscribe to an event) Maintains the "chunkiness" of the data; this allows the calling code to use inside knowledge of the data without doing any extra work Is almost agnostic to the buffer size (it will work correctly with any size buffer irrespective of the data being read) The bad That last almost is a very big one. Consider what happens when there is an incoming chunk with length exactly equal to the size of the buffer. The chunk will be read and buffered, but the event will not be triggered. This will be followed up by a BeginRead that expects to find more data belonging to the current chunk in order to send it back all in one piece, but... there will be no more data in the stream. In fact, as long as data is put into the stream in chunks with length exactly equal to the buffer size, the data will be buffered and the event will never be triggered. This scenario may be highly unlikely to occur in practice, especially since we can pick any number for the buffer size, but the problem is there. Solution? Unfortunately, after checking the available methods on FileStream and StreamReader, I can't find anything which lets me peek into the stream while also allowing async methods to be used on it. One "solution" would be to have a thread wait on a ManualResetEvent after the "buffer filled" condition is detected. If the event is not signaled (by the async callback) in a small amount of time, then more data from the stream will not be forthcoming and the data accumulated so far should be sent to subscribers. However, this introduces the need for another thread, requires thread synchronization, and is plain inelegant. Specifying a timeout for BeginRead would also suffice (call back into my code every now and then so I can check if there's data to be sent back; most of the time there will not be anything to do, so I expect the performance hit to be negligible). But it looks like timeouts are not supported in FileStream. Since I imagine that async calls with timeouts are an option in bare Win32, another approach might be to PInvoke the hell out of the problem. But this is also undesirable as it will introduce complexity and simply be a pain to code. Is there an elegant way to get around the problem? Thanks for being patient enough to read all of this.

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  • Get length of bits used in int

    - by sigvardsen
    If you have the binary number 10110 how can I get it to return 11111? e.g a new binary number that sets all bits to 1 after the first 1, there are some likewise examples listed below: 101 should return 111 (3 bit length) 011 should return 11 (2 bit length) 11100 should be return 11111 (5 bit length) 101010101 should return 111111111 (9 bit length) How can this be obtained the easiest way in Java? I could come up with some methods but they are not very "pretty".

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  • If statement is ignored

    - by user2898120
    I am making a simple matchmaker as a learning project in JAVA. My program so far just asks a few questions, but I wanted to do gender specific questions, so I asked for their sex (m or f) and then attempted to add a message that only showed if sex was m. The dialog should say "well done, you are male!". Else it restarts method. Every time, no matter what I type it restarts the program. Here is my code: import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args){ setVars(); } public static void setVars(){ String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "What is your name?"); String sAge = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "What is your age?"); String sex = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "What is your sex?\n(Enter m or f)"); if (sex == "m"){ JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Well done, you are male.\nKeep Going!"); } int age = Integer.parseInt(sAge); String chars = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Name three charectaristics"); } }

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  • Find Tables in PDF's

    - by nWorx
    Hello, Are there any tools or tricks how to automatically extract tables from pdfs. Are there any C# libraries that could do that? Or do you maybe know other methods how this could be handled? Thank you very much

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  • How to 'do' ByVal in C#

    - by Jouke van der Maas
    As I understand it, C# passes parameters into methods by reference. In vb.net, you can specify this with ByVal and ByRef. The default is ByVal. Is this for compatibility with vb6, or is it just random? Also, how can I specify what to use in C#? I kind of like the idea of passing parameters by value.

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  • Threading Practice with Polling.

    - by Stacey
    I have a C# application that has to constantly read from a program; sometimes there is a chance it will not find what it needs, which will throw an exception. This is a limitation of the program it has to read from. This frequently causes the program to lock up as it tries to poll. So I solved it by spawning the 'polling' off into a separate thread. However watching the debugger, the thread is created and destroyed each time. I am uncertain if this is typical or not; but my question is, is this good practice, or am I using the threading for the wrong purpose? ProgramReader { static Thread oThread; public static void Read( Program program ) { // check to see if the program exists if ( false ) oThread = new ThreadStart(program.Poll); if(oThread != null || !oThread.IsAlive ) oThread.Start(); } } This is my general pseudocode. It runs every 10 seconds or so. Is this a huge hit to performance? The operation it performs is relatively small and lightweight; just repetitive.

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  • What causes memory fragmentation in .NET

    - by Matt
    I am using Red Gates ANTS memory profiler to debug a memory leak. It keeps warning me that: Memory Fragmentation may be causing .NET to reserver too much free memory. or Memory Fragmentation is affecting the size of the largest object that can be allocated Because I have OCD, this problem must be resolved. What are some standard coding practices that help avoid memory fragmentation. Can you defragment it through some .NET methods? Would it even help?

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  • updating system's time using .Net

    - by user62958
    I am trying to update my system time using the following: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private struct SYSTEMTIME { public ushort wYear; public ushort wMonth; public ushort wDayOfWeek; public ushort wDay; public ushort wHour; public ushort wMinute; public ushort wSecond; public ushort wMilliseconds; } [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetSystemTime", SetLastError = true)] private extern static void Win32GetSystemTime(ref SYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetSystemTime", SetLastError = true)] private extern static bool Win32SetSystemTime(ref SYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime); public void SetTime() { TimeSystem correctTime = new TimeSystem(); DateTime sysTime = correctTime.GetSystemTime(); // Call the native GetSystemTime method // with the defined structure. SYSTEMTIME systime = new SYSTEMTIME(); Win32GetSystemTime(ref systime); // Set the system clock ahead one hour. systime.wYear = (ushort)sysTime.Year; systime.wMonth = (ushort)sysTime.Month; systime.wDayOfWeek = (ushort)sysTime.DayOfWeek; systime.wDay = (ushort)sysTime.Day; systime.wHour = (ushort)sysTime.Hour; systime.wMinute = (ushort)sysTime.Minute; systime.wSecond = (ushort)sysTime.Second; systime.wMilliseconds = (ushort)sysTime.Millisecond; Win32SetSystemTime(ref systime); } When I debug everything looks good and all the values are correct but when it calles the Win32SetSystemTime(ref systime) th actual time of system(display time) doesn't change and stays the same. The strange part is that when I call the Win32GetSystemTime(ref systime) it gives me the new updated time. Can someone give me some help on this?

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  • remove duplicate code in java

    - by Anantha Kumaran
    class A extends ApiClass { public void duplicateMethod() { } } class B extends AnotherApiClass { public void duplicateMethod() { } } I have two classes which extend different api classes. The two class has some duplicate methods(same method repeated in both class) and how to remove this duplication? Edit The ApiClass is not under my control

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  • Unmodifiable NavigableSet/NavigableMap in Java?

    - by Greg Mattes
    java.util.Collections has several unmodifiable methods that provide unmodifiable collection views by wrapping collections in decorators that prohibit mutation operations. Java 6 added support for java.util.NavigableSet and java.util.NavigableMap. I'd like to be able to have unmodifiable NavigableSets and NavigableMaps, but java.util.Collections#unmodifiableSortedSet(SortedSet) and java.util.Collections#unmodifiableSortedMap(SortedMap) are not sufficient because they do not support the operations that are particular to NavigableSet and NavigableMap. Are there de-facto implementations for unmodifiableNavigableSet and unmodifiableNavigableMap?

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  • Why Does This Maintainability Index Increase?

    - by Timothy
    I would be appreciative if someone could explain to me the difference between the following two pieces of code in terms of Visual Studio's Code Metrics rules. Why does the Maintainability Index increase slightly if I don't encapsulate everything within using ( )? Sample 1 (MI score of 71) public static String Sha1(String plainText) { using (SHA1Managed sha1 = new SHA1Managed()) { Byte[] text = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(plainText); Byte[] hashBytes = sha1.ComputeHash(text); return Convert.ToBase64String(hashBytes); } } Sample 2 (MI score of 73) public static String Sha1(String plainText) { Byte[] text, hashBytes; using (SHA1Managed sha1 = new SHA1Managed()) { text = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(plainText); hashBytes = sha1.ComputeHash(text); } return Convert.ToBase64String(hashBytes); } I understand metrics are meaningless outside of a broader context and understanding, and programmers should exercise discretion. While I could boost the score up to 76 with return Convert.ToBase64String(sha1.ComputeHash(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(plainText))), I shouldn't. I would clearly be just playing with numbers and it isn't truly any more readable or maintainable at that point. I am curious though as to what the logic might be behind the increase in this case. It's obviously not line-count.

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  • Is it possible to convert text to shape in VML /canvas/SVG ?

    - by est
    Hello, I need to display a text in 3D using vml/canvas/svg and do some transformation to the shape of the text like the effect of Ctrl+T in photoshop, even align a line of text to a curve, is there a way to convert text to shape first? The only thing close is getImageData() in firefox which is not ideal but OK. Any better methods? Using browser-specific hacks or voodoo is OK, but no Flash please :)

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  • Security of WCF endpoints

    - by Matt
    For the sake of argument, lets say that I've got a basicHttp WCF service. Besides implementing authentication (login/logout methods), what is stopping someone from just cracking open Visual Studio, adding a web reference to my website's service, and then playing playing around with my service? I'm not familiar with a method of stopping someone from doing this. The idea of someone downloading all of my Data/Operation contracts and then start playing around is keeping me up at night, and I like my sleep!

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  • Reducing Time Complexity in Java

    - by Koeneuze
    Right, this is from an older exam which i'm using to prepare my own exam in january. We are given the following method: public static void Oorspronkelijk() { String bs = "Dit is een boodschap aan de wereld"; int max = -1; char let = '*'; for (int i=0;i<bs.length();i++) { int tel = 1; for (int j=i+1;j<bs.length();j++) { if (bs.charAt(j) == bs.charAt(i)) tel++; } if (tel > max) { max = tel; let = bs.charAt(i); } } System.out.println(max + " keer " + let); } The questions are: what is the output? - Since the code is just an algorithm to determine the most occuring character, the output is "6 keer " (6 times space) What is the time complexity of this code? Fairly sure it's O(n²), unless someone thinks otherwise? Can you reduce the time complexity, and if so, how? Well, you can. I've received some help already and managed to get the following code: public static void Nieuw() { String bs = "Dit is een boodschap aan de wereld"; HashMap<Character, Integer> letters = new HashMap<Character, Integer>(); char max = bs.charAt(0); for (int i=0;i<bs.length();i++) { char let = bs.charAt(i); if(!letters.containsKey(let)) { letters.put(let,0); } int tel = letters.get(let)+1; letters.put(let,tel); if(letters.get(max)<tel) { max = let; } } System.out.println(letters.get(max) + " keer " + max); } However, I'm uncertain of the time complexity of this new code: Is it O(n) because you only use one for-loop, or does the fact we require the use of the HashMap's get methods make it O(n log n) ? And if someone knows an even better way of reducing the time complexity, please do tell! :)

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  • IConnectableObservables in Rx

    - by Ray Booysen
    Hi there Can someone explain the differences between an Observable and a ConnectableObservable? The Rx Extensions documentation is very sparse and I don't understand in what cases the ConnectableObservable is useful. This class is used in the Replay/Prune methods.

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  • wpf dispatcher/threading issue

    - by phm
    Hello I have a problem in my code and I am not able to fix it at all. private static void SetupImages(object o) { int i = (int)o; BitmapImage bi = GetBitmapObject(i); img = new System.Windows.Controls.Image();//declared as static outside img.Source = bi;//crash here img.Stretch = Stretch.Uniform; img.Margin = new Thickness(5, 5, 5, 5); } which is called like this: for (int i = 0; i < parameters.ListBitmaps.Count; i++) { ParameterizedThreadStart ts = new ParameterizedThreadStart(SetupImages); Thread t = new Thread(ts); t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); t.Start(i); t.Join(); //SetupImages(i); parameters.ListImageControls.Add(img); } It always crashes on this line: img.Source = bi; The error is: "An unhandled exception of type 'System.InvalidOperationException' occurred in WindowsBase.dll Additional information: The calling thread cannot access this object because a different thread owns it." Thanks

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  • How can you get a list or traversable tree of bookmarks from within a Firefox Extension?

    - by Nathan
    I am working on a simple Firefox Extension, and I need a list of the user's bookmarks. I have found the nsINavBookmarksService class which appears to be the recommended way of manipulating bookmarks since Firefox 3.0. Strangely I don't see a method that I could use to get a list of all the bookmarks in a folder. I need some way of creating a flat list of all the Bookmark URIs, but without any methods that return information about more than one bookmark I don't see a way to do it.

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  • Inner join and outer join options in Entity Framework 4.0

    - by bigb
    I am using EF 4.0 and I need to implement query with one inner join and with N outer joins I started to implement this using different approaches but get into trouble at some point. Here is two examples how I started of doing this using ObjectQuery<'T' and Linq to Entity 1)Using ObjectQuery<'T' I implement flexible outer join but I don't know how to perform inner join with entity Rules in that case (by default Include("Rules") doing outer join, but i need to inner join by Id). public static IEnumerable<Race> GetRace(List<string> includes, DateTime date) { IRepository repository = new Repository(new BEntities()); ObjectQuery<Race> result = (ObjectQuery<Race>)repository.AsQueryable<Race>(); //perform outer joins with related entities if (includes != null) foreach (string include in includes) result = result.Include(include); //here i need inner join insteard of default outer join result = result.Include("Rules"); return result.ToList(); } 2)Using Linq To Entity I need to have kind of outer join(somethin like in GetRace()) where i may pass a List with entities to include) and also i need to perform correct inner join with entity Rules public static IEnumerable<Race> GetRace2(List<string> includes, DateTime date) { IRepository repository = new Repository(new BEntities()); IEnumerable<Race> result = from o in repository.AsQueryable<Race>() from b in o.RaceBetRules select new { o }); //I need here: // 1. to perform the same way inner joins with related entities like with ObjectQuery above //here i getting List<AnonymousType> which i cant cast to //IEnumerable<Race> when i did try to cast like //(IEnumerable<Race>)result.ToList(); i did get error: //Unable to cast object of type //'System.Collections.Generic.List`1[<>f__AnonymousType0`1[BetsTipster.Entity.Tip.Types.Race]]' //to type //'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[BetsTipster.Entity.Tip.Types.Race]'. return result.ToList(); } May be someone have some ideas about that.

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  • Convert SQL with Inner AND Outer Join to L2S

    - by Refracted Paladin
    I need to convert the below Sproc to a Linq query. At the very bottom is what I have so far. For reference the fields behind the "splat"(not my sproc) are ImmunizationID int, HAReviewID int, ImmunizationMaintID int, ImmunizationOther varchar(50), ImmunizationDate smalldatetime, ImmunizationReasonID int The first two are PK and FK, respectively. The other two ints are linke to the Maint Table where there description is stored. That is what I am stuck on, the INNER JOIN AND the LEFT OUTER JOIN Thanks, SELECT tblHAReviewImmunizations.*, tblMaintItem.ItemDescription, tblMaintItem2.ItemDescription as Reason FROM dbo.tblHAReviewImmunizations INNER JOIN dbo.tblMaintItem ON dbo.tblHAReviewImmunizations.ImmunizationMaintID = dbo.tblMaintItem.ItemID LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.tblMaintItem as tblMaintItem2 ON dbo.tblHAReviewImmunizations.ImmunizationReasonID = tblMaintItem2.ItemID WHERE HAReviewID = @haReviewID My attempt so far -- public static DataTable GetImmunizations(int haReviewID) { using (var context = McpDataContext.Create()) { var currentImmunizations = from haReviewImmunization in context.tblHAReviewImmunizations where haReviewImmunization.HAReviewID == haReviewID join maintItem in context.tblMaintItems on haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationReasonID equals maintItem.ItemID into g from maintItem in g.DefaultIfEmpty() let Immunization = GetImmunizationNameByID( haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationMaintID) select new { haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationDate, haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationOther, Immunization, Reason = maintItem == null ? " " : maintItem.ItemDescription }; return currentImmunizations.CopyLinqToDataTable(); } } private static string GetImmunizationNameByID(int? immunizationID) { using (var context = McpDataContext.Create()) { var domainName = from maintItem in context.tblMaintItems where maintItem.ItemID == immunizationID select maintItem.ItemDescription; return domainName.SingleOrDefault(); } }

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  • Excel Automation - creating a new worksheet

    - by Andrew Shepherd
    I am attempting what seems like a simple task: using C# to create a new Excel document containing new worksheets. For some reason, I am getting a strange COM error (0x800A03EC) Has anyone managed to get this to work? Does anyone have suggestions as to how to troubleshoot this? I've isolated this into the minimum amount of code: using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; using System.Diagnostics; namespace ExcelAutomation { public static class ExcelTests { public static void CreateWorksheet() { try { var app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); app.Visible = true; var workBooks = app.Workbooks; var newWorkbook = app.Workbooks.Add(XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Worksheet existingWorksheet = (Worksheet)newWorkbook.Sheets[1]; Worksheet workSheet = (Worksheet)newWorkbook.Sheets.Add ( null, // before existingWorksheet, null, // 1, null //XlSheetType.xlWorksheet ); } catch (System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException ex) { Trace.WriteLine(string.Format("Caught COMException. Message: \"{0}\"", ex.Message)); } } } } The output window now says: Caught COMException. Message: "Exception from HRESULT: 0x800A03EC"

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  • A monkey could do this better - Access to and availability of private member functions in C++

    - by David
    I am wandering the desert of my brain. I'm trying to write something like the following: class MyClass { // Peripherally Related Stuff public: void TakeAnAction(int oneThing, int anotherThing) { switch(oneThing){ case THING_A: TakeThisActionWith(anotherThing); break; //cases THINGS_NOT_A: }; private: void TakeThisActionWith(int thing) { string outcome = new string; outcome = LookUpOutcome(thing); // Do some stuff based on outcome return; } string LookUpOutcome(int key) { string oc = new string; oc = MyPrivateMap[key]; return oc; } map<int, string> MyPrivateMap; Then in the .cc file where I am actually using these things, while compiling the TakeAnAction section, it [CC, the solaris compiler] throws an an error: 'The function LookUpOutcome must have a prototype' and bombs out. In my header file, I have declared 'string LookUpOutcome(int key);' in the private section of the class. I have tried all sorts of variations. I tried to use 'this' for a little while, and it gave me 'Can only use this in non-static member function.' Sadly, I haven't declared anything static and these are all, putatively, member functions. I tried it [on TakeAnAction and LookUp] when I got the error, but I got something like, 'Can't access MyPrivateMap from LookUp'. MyPrivateMap could be made public and I could refer to it directly, I guess, but my sensibility says that is not the right way to go about this [that means that namespace scoped helper functions are out, I think]. I also guess I could just inline the lookup and subsequent other stuff, but my line-o-meter goes on tilt. I'm trying desperately not to kludge it.

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