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  • How to get the related_name of a many-to-many-field?

    - by amann
    I am trying to get the related_name of a many-to-many-field. The m2m-field is located betweeen the models "Group" and "Lection" and is declared in the group-model as following: lections = models.ManyToManyField(Lection, blank=True) The field looks like this: <django.db.models.fields.related.ManyToManyField object at 0x012AD690> The print of field.__dict__ is: {'_choices': [], '_m2m_column_cache': 'group_id', '_m2m_name_cache': 'group', '_m2m_reverse_column_cache': 'lection_id', '_m2m_reverse_name_cache': 'lection', '_unique': False, 'attname': 'lections', 'auto_created': False, 'blank': True, 'column': 'lections', 'creation_counter': 71, 'db_column': None, 'db_index': False, 'db_table': None, 'db_tablespace': '', 'default': <class django.db.models.fields.NOT_PROVIDED at 0x00FC8780>, 'editable': True, 'error_messages': {'blank': <django.utils.functional.__proxy__ object at 0x00FC 7B50>, 'invalid_choice': <django.utils.functional.__proxy__ object at 0x00FC7A50>, 'null': <django.utils.functional.__proxy__ object at 0x00FC7 A70>}, 'help_text': <django.utils.functional.__proxy__ object at 0x012AD6F0>, 'm2m_column_name': <function _curried at 0x012A88F0>, 'm2m_db_table': <function _curried at 0x012A8AF0>, 'm2m_field_name': <function _curried at 0x012A8970>, 'm2m_reverse_field_name': <function _curried at 0x012A89B0>, 'm2m_reverse_name': <function _curried at 0x012A8930>, 'max_length': None, 'name': 'lections', 'null': False, 'primary_key': False, 'rel': <django.db.models.fields.related.ManyToManyRel object at 0x012AD6B0>, 'related': <RelatedObject: mymodel:group related to lections>, 'related_query_name': <function _curried at 0x012A8670>, 'serialize': True, 'unique_for_date': None, 'unique_for_month': None, 'unique_for_year': None, 'validators': [], 'verbose_name': 'lections'} Now the field should be accessed via a lection-instance. So this is done by lection.group_set But i need to access it dynamically, so there is the need to get the related_name attribute from somewhere. Here in the documentation, there is a note that it is possible to access ManyToManyField.related_name, but this doesn't work for my somehow.. Help would be a lot appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • Non standard interaction among two tables to avoid very large merge

    - by riko
    Suppose I have two tables A and B. Table A has a multi-level index (a, b) and one column (ts). b determines univocally ts. A = pd.DataFrame( [('a', 'x', 4), ('a', 'y', 6), ('a', 'z', 5), ('b', 'x', 4), ('b', 'z', 5), ('c', 'y', 6)], columns=['a', 'b', 'ts']).set_index(['a', 'b']) AA = A.reset_index() Table B is another one-column (ts) table with non-unique index (a). The ts's are sorted "inside" each group, i.e., B.ix[x] is sorted for each x. Moreover, there is always a value in B.ix[x] that is greater than or equal to the values in A. B = pd.DataFrame( dict(a=list('aaaaabbcccccc'), ts=[1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 7, 8, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9])).set_index('a') The semantics in this is that B contains observations of occurrences of an event of type indicated by the index. I would like to find from B the timestamp of the first occurrence of each event type after the timestamp specified in A for each value of b. In other words, I would like to get a table with the same shape of A, that instead of ts contains the "minimum value occurring after ts" as specified by table B. So, my goal would be: C: ('a', 'x') 4 ('a', 'y') 7 ('a', 'z') 5 ('b', 'x') 7 ('b', 'z') 7 ('c', 'y') 8 I have some working code, but is terribly slow. C = AA.apply(lambda row: ( row[0], row[1], B.ix[row[0]].irow(np.searchsorted(B.ts[row[0]], row[2]))), axis=1).set_index(['a', 'b']) Profiling shows the culprit is obviously B.ix[row[0]].irow(np.searchsorted(B.ts[row[0]], row[2]))). However, standard solutions using merge/join would take too much RAM in the long run. Consider that now I have 1000 a's, assume constant the average number of b's per a (probably 100-200), and consider that the number of observations per a is probably in the order of 300. In production I will have 1000 more a's. 1,000,000 x 200 x 300 = 60,000,000,000 rows may be a bit too much to keep in RAM, especially considering that the data I need is perfectly described by a C like the one I discussed above. How would I improve the performance?

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  • mount command pid

    - by lakshmipathi
    Trying to mount a device and get the pid of mount command. cmd="/bin/mount /dev/sda1 /mnt" os.system(cmd) Now how to obtain the pid of mount command? There plenty of mounted device available on my system ,something like ps | grep mount won't work.

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  • How do I modify gitstats to only utilize a specified file extension for it's statistics?

    - by Fake Code Monkey Rashid
    Hello good people! The website of the statistics generator in question is: http://gitstats.sourceforge.net/ It's git repo can be cloned from: git clone git://repo.or.cz/gitstats.git What I want to do is something like: ./gitstatus --ext=".py" /input/foo /output/bar Failing being able to easily pass the above option without heavy modification, I'd just hardcore the file extentsion I want to be included. However, I'm unsure of the relevant section of code to modify and even if I did no, I'm unsure of how to start such modifications. It's seems like it'd be rather simple but alas...

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  • Creating a Group of Groups in Django

    - by Greg
    I'm creating my own Group model; I'm not referring to the builtin Group model. I want each hroup to be a member of another group (it's parent), but there is the one "top" group that doesn't have a parent group. The admin interface won't let me create a group without entering a parent. I get the error personnel_group.parent_id may not be NULL. My Group model looks like this: class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) parent = models.ForeignKey('self', blank=True, null=True) order = models.IntegerField() icon = models.ImageField(upload_to='groups', blank=True, null=True) description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) How can I accomplish this? Thanks.

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  • pyInotify performance

    - by tranimatronic
    I have a very large directory tree I am wanting pyInotify to watch. Is it better to have pyInotify watch the entire tree or is it better to have a number of watches reporting changes to specific files ? Thanks

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  • Shuttle control in wxPython

    - by Mridang Agarwalla
    Hi, I'm trying to implement a shuttle control in wxPython but there doesn't seem to be one. I've decided to use two listbox controls. The shuttle control looks like this: I've got two listboxes — one's populated, one's not. Could someone show me how to add a selected item to the second list box when it is double clicked? It should be removed from the first. When it is double clicked in the second, it should be added to the first and removed from the second. The shuttle control implements these by default but it's a pity it isn't there. Thank you.

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  • Filtering with joined tables

    - by viraptor
    I'm trying to get some query performance improved, but the generated query does not look the way I expect it to. The results are retrieved using: query = session.query(SomeModel). options(joinedload_all('foo.bar')). options(joinedload_all('foo.baz')). options(joinedload('quux.other')) What I want to do is filter on the table joined via 'first', but this way doesn't work: query = query.filter(FooModel.address == '1.2.3.4') It results in a clause like this attached to the query: WHERE foos.address = '1.2.3.4' Which doesn't do the filtering in a proper way, since the generated joins attach tables foos_1 and foos_2. If I try that query manually but change the filtering clause to: WHERE foos_1.address = '1.2.3.4' AND foos_2.address = '1.2.3.4' It works fine. The question is of course - how can I achieve this with sqlalchemy itself?

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  • Simplifying for-if messes with better structure?

    - by HH
    # Description: you are given a bitwise pattern and a string # you need to find the number of times the pattern matches in the string # any one liner or simple pythonic solution? import random def matchIt(yourString, yourPattern): """find the number of times yourPattern occurs in yourString""" count = 0 matchTimes = 0 # How can you simplify the for-if structures? for coin in yourString: #return to base if count == len(pattern): matchTimes = matchTimes + 1 count = 0 #special case to return to 2, there could be more this type of conditions #so this type of if-conditionals are screaming for a havoc if count == 2 and pattern[count] == 1: count = count - 1 #the work horse #it could be simpler by breaking the intial string of lenght 'l' #to blocks of pattern-length, the number of them is 'l - len(pattern)-1' if coin == pattern[count]: count=count+1 average = len(yourString)/matchTimes return [average, matchTimes] # Generates the list myString =[] for x in range(10000): myString= myString + [int(random.random()*2)] pattern = [1,0,0] result = matchIt(myString, pattern) print("The sample had "+str(result[1])+" matches and its size was "+str(len(myString))+".\n" + "So it took "+str(result[0])+" steps in average.\n" + "RESULT: "+str([a for a in "FAILURE" if result[0] != 8])) # Sample Output # # The sample had 1656 matches and its size was 10000. # So it took 6 steps in average. # RESULT: ['F', 'A', 'I', 'L', 'U', 'R', 'E']

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  • JQuery cookie access has stopped working for GAE app

    - by Greg
    I have a google app engine app that has been running for some time, and some javascript code that checks for a login cookie has suddenly stopped working. As far as I can tell, NO code has changed. The relevant code uses the jquery cookies plugin (jquery.cookies.2.2.0.min.js)... // control the default screen depending // if someone is logged in if( $.cookies.get('dev_appserver_login') != null || $.cookies.get('ACSID') != null ) { alert("valid cookie!") $("#inventory-container").show(); } else { alert("INvalid cookie!") $("#welcome-container").show(); } The reason for the two checks is that in the GAE SDK, the cookies are named differently. The production system uses 'ACSID'. This if statement works in the SDK and now fails 100% of the time in production. I have verified that the cookie is, in fact, present when I inspect the page. Thoughts?

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  • Improving the join of two wave file?

    - by kaki
    I have written a code for joining two wave files.It works fine when i am joining larger segments but as i need to join very small segments the clarity is not good. I have learned that the signal processing technique such a windowed join can be used to improve the joining of file. y[n] = w[n]s[n] Multiply value of signal at sample number n by the value of a windowing function hamming window w[n]= .54 - .46*cos(2*Pi*n)/L 0 I am not understanding how to get the value to signal at sample n and how to implement this?? the code i am using for joining is import wave m=['C:/begpython/S0001_0002.wav', 'C:/begpython/S0001_0001.wav'] i=1 a=m[i] infiles = [a, "C:/begpython/S0001_0002.wav", a] outfile = "C:/begpython/S0001_00367.wav" data= [] data1=[] for infile in infiles: w = wave.open(infile, 'rb') data1=[w.getnframes] data.append( [w.getparams(), w.readframes(w.getnframes())] ) #data1 = [ord(character) for character in data1] #print data1 #data1 = ''.join(chr(character) for character in data1) w.close() output = wave.open(outfile, 'wb') output.setparams(data[0][0]) output.writeframes(data[0][1]) output.writeframes(data[1][1]) output.writeframes(data[2][1]) output.close()

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  • Django: Update order attribute for objects in a queryset

    - by lazerscience
    I'm having a attribute on my model to allow the user to order the objects. I have to update the element's order depending on a list, that contains the object's ids in the new order; right now I'm iterating over the whole queryset and set one objects after the other. What would be the easiest/fastest way to do the same with the whole queryset? def update_ordering(model, order): """ order is in the form [id,id,id,id] for example: [8,4,5,1,3] """ id_to_order = dict((order[i], i) for i in range(len(order))) for x in model.objects.all(): x.order = id_to_order[x.id] x.save()

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  • Pickling a class definition

    - by Giorgio
    Is there a way to pickle a class definition? What I'd like to do is pickle the definition (which may created dynamically), and then send it over a TCP connection so that an instance can be created on the other end. I understand that there may be dependencies, like modules and global variables that the class relies on. I'd like to bundle these in the pickling process as well, but I'm not concerned about automatically detecting the dependencies because it's okay if the onus is on the user to specify them.

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  • What did I do wrong with this function?

    - by Felipe Galdino Campos
    I don't know what I did - it's wrong . Can someone help me? def insert_sequence(dna1, dna2, number): '''(str, str, int) -> str Return the DNA sequence obtained by inserting the second DNA sequence at the given index. (You can assume that the index is valid.) >>> insert_sequence('CCGG', 'AT', 2) 'CCATGG' >>> insert_sequence('TTGC', 'GG', 2) 'TTGGGC' ''' index = 0 result = ''; for string in dna1: if index == number: result = result + dna2 result = result + string index += 1 print(result)

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  • Testing for the existence of a field in a class

    - by Brett
    Hi, i have a quick question. I have a 2D array that stores an instance of a class. The elements of the array are assigned a particular class based on a text file that is read earlier in the program. Since i do not know without looking in the file what class is stored at a particular element i could refer to a field that doesn't exist at that index (referring to appearance when an instance of temp is stored in that index). i have come up with a method of testing this, but it is long winded and requires a second matrix. Is there a function to test for the existence of a field in a class? class temp(): name = "default" class temp1(): appearance = "@"

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  • Problems using User model in django unit tests

    - by theycallmemorty
    I have the following django test case that is giving me errors: class MyTesting(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.u1 = User.objects.create(username='user1') self.up1 = UserProfile.objects.create(user=self.u1) def testA(self): ... def testB(self): ... When I run my tests, testA will pass sucessfully but before testB starts, I get the following error: IntegrityError: column username is not unique It's clear that it is trying to create self.u1 before each test case and finding that it already exists in the Database. How do I get it to properly clean up after each test case so that subsequent cases run correctly?

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  • Why do all module run together?

    - by gunbuster363
    I just made a fresh copy of eclipse and installed pydev. In my first trial to use pydev with eclipse, I created 2 module under the src package(the default one) FirstModule.py: ''' Created on 18.06.2009 @author: Lars Vogel ''' def add(a,b): return a+b def addFixedValue(a): y = 5 return y +a print "123" run.py: ''' Created on Jun 20, 2011 @author: Raymond.Yeung ''' from FirstModule import add print add(1,2) print "Helloword" When I pull out the pull down menu of the run button, and click "ProjectName run.py", here is the result: 123 3 Helloword Apparantly both module ran, why? Is this the default setting?

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  • How to clear wxpython frame content when dragging a panel?

    - by aF
    Hello, I have 3 panels and I want to make drags on them. The problem is that when I do a drag on one this happens: How can I refresh the frame to happear its color when the panel is no longer there? This is the code that I have to make the drag: def onMouseMove(self, event): (self.pointWidth, self.pointHeight) = event.GetPosition() (self.width, self.height) = self.GetSizeTuple() if (self.pointWidth>100 and self.pointWidth<(self.width-100) and self.pointHeight < 15) or self.parent.dragging: self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_SIZING)) """implement dragging""" if not event.Dragging(): self.w = 0 self.h = 0 return self.CaptureMouse() if self.w == 0 and self.h == 0: (self.w, self.h) = event.GetPosition() else: (posw, posh) = event.GetPosition() displacement = self.h - posh self.SetPosition( self.GetPosition() - (0, displacement)) else: self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_ARROW)) def onDraggingDown(self, event): if self.pointWidth>100 and self.pointWidth<(self.width-100) and self.pointHeight < 15: self.parent.dragging = 1 self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_ARROW)) self.SetBackgroundColour('BLUE') self.parent.SetTransparent(220) self.Refresh() def onDraggingUp(self, event): self.parent.dragging = 0 self.parent.SetTransparent(255) self.SetCursor(wx.StockCursor(wx.CURSOR_ARROW)) and this are the binds for this events: self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.onMouseMove) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.onDraggingDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self.onDraggingUp) With this, if I click on the top of the panel, and move down or up, the panel position changes (I drag the panel) to the position of the mouse.

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  • SQLAlchemy sessions - DetachedInstanceError?

    - by benjaminhkaiser
    I have a function that attempts to take a list of usernames, look each one up in a user table, and then add them to a membership table. If even one username is invalid, I want the entire list to be rolled back, including any users that have already been processed. I thought that using sessions was the best way to do this but I'm running into a DetachedInstanceError: DetachedInstanceError: Instance <Organization at 0x7fc35cb5df90> is not bound to a Session; attribute refresh operation cannot proceed Full stack trace is here. The error seems to trigger when I attempt to access the user (model) object that is returned by the query. From my reading I understand that it has something to do with there being multiple sessions, but none of the suggestions I saw on other threads worked for me. Code is below: def add_members_in_bulk(organization_eid, users): """Add users to an organization in bulk - helper function for add_member()""" """Returns "success" on success and id of first failed student on failure""" session = query_session.get_session() session.begin_nested() users = users.split('\n') for u in users: try: user = user_lookup.by_student_id(u) except ObjectNotFoundError: session.rollback() return u if user: membership.add_user_to_organization( user.entity_id, organization_eid, '', [] ) session.flush() session.commit() return 'success' here's the membership.add_user_to_organization: def add_user_to_organization(user_eid, organization_eid, title, tag_ids): """Add a User to an Organization with the given title""" user = user_lookup.by_eid(user_eid) organization = organization_lookup.by_eid(organization_eid) new_membership = OrganizationMembership( organization_eid=organization.entity_id, user_eid=user.entity_id, title=title) new_membership.tags = [get_tag_by_id(tag_id) for tag_id in tag_ids] crud.add(new_membership) and here is the lookup by ID query: def by_student_id(student_id, include_disabled=False): """Get User by RIN""" try: return get_query_set(include_disabled).filter(User.student_id == student_id).one() except NoResultFound: raise ObjectNotFoundError("User with RIN %s does not exist." % student_id)

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  • why is this dictionary line number count not working?

    - by jad
    i have this piece of code the last bit of the code starting from d = {} im trying to print the words with its line number located in the text but it is not working its only printing the words anyone know why ??? need help ASAP import sys import string text = [] infile = open(sys.argv[1], 'r').read() for punct in string.punctuation: infile = infile.replace(punct, "") text = infile.split() dict = open(sys.argv[2], 'r').read() dictset = [] dictset = dict.split() words = [] words = list(set(text) - set(dictset)) words = [text.lower() for text in words] words.sort() d = {} counter = 0 for lines in text: counter += 1 if word not in d: d[words] = [counter] else: d[words.append[counter] print(word, d)

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  • Import Error: No module named testrunner

    - by JiL
    I followed this to add zc.recipe.testrunner to my buildout. I can run buildout successfully but when I run bin/test, I get: ImportError: No module named testrunner I have zope.testrunner-4.0.4-py2.4.egg in /usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages I also pinned zope.testrunner = 4.0.4 zc.recipe.testruner = 1.4.0 zc.recipe.egg = 1.3.2 When I ran buildout, I used -vvv and I got: ... Installing 'zc.recipe.testrunner'. We have the distribution that satisfies 'zc.recipe.testrunner==1.4.0'. Egg from site-packages: z3c.recipe.scripts 1.0.1 Egg from site-packages: zope.testrunner 4.0.4 Egg from site-packages: zope.interface 3.8.0 Egg from site-packages: zope.exceptions 3.7.1 ... We have the distribution that satisfies 'zope.testrunner==4.0.4'. Egg from site-packages: zope.testrunner 4.0.4 Adding required 'zope.interface' required by zope.testrunner 4.0.4. We have a develop egg: zope.interface 0.0 Adding required 'zope.exceptions' required by zope.testrunner 4.0.4. We have a develop egg: zope.exceptions 0.0 ... Why is it I get an ImportError? Is zope.testrunner not installed correctly?

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