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  • Coding different states in Adventure Games

    - by Cardin
    I'm planning out an adventure game, and can't figure out what's the right way to implement the behaviour of a level depending on state of story progression. My single-player game features a huge world where the player has to interact with people in a town at various points in the game. However, depending on story progression, different things would be presented to the player, for e.g. the Guild Leader will change locations from the town square to various locations around the city; Doors would only unlock at certain times of the day after finishing a particular routine; Different cut-screen/trigger events happen only after a particular milestone has been reached. I naively thought of using a switch{} statement initially to decide what the NPC should say or which he could be found at, and making quest objectives interact-able only after checking a global game_state variable's condition. But I realised I would quickly run into a lot of different game states and switch-cases in order to change the behaviour of an object. That switch statement would also be massively hard to debug, and I guess it might also be hard to use in a level editor. So I thought, instead of having a single object with multiple states, maybe I should have multiple instances of the same object, with a single state. That way, if I use something like a level editor, I can put an instance of the NPC at all the different locations he could ever appear at, and also an instance for each conversation state he has. But that means there'll be a lot of inactive, invisible game objects floating around the level, which might be trouble for memory, or simply hard to see in a level editor, i don't know. Or simply, make an identical, but separate level for each game state. This feels the cleanest and bug-free way to do things, but it feels like massive manual work making sure each version of the level is really identical to each other. All my methods feel so inefficient, so to recap my question, is there a better or standardised way to implement behaviour of a level depending on state of story progression? PS: I don't have a level editor yet - thinking of using something like JME SDK or making my own.

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  • How to code a 4x shader/filter which emulates arcade crt display behavior?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I want to write a shader/filer probably in adobe Pixel Bender that will do the best job possible in emulating the fill of an oldskul monochromatic arcade CRT screen. Much like this here: http://filthypants.blogspot.com/2012/07/customizing-cgwgs-crt-pixel-shader.html Here are some attributes I know will exist in this filter: It will take in a low res image 160 x 120 and return a medium res image 640 x 480. It will add scanlines It will blur the color channels to create that color bleeding effect It will distort the shape of the image from a perfect rectangle into a rounder shape. The question is, could you please provide any other attributes that are beneficial to emulating an arcade CRT feel and links and resources on coding these effects. Thanks

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  • Quaternion Camera

    - by Alex_Hyzer_Kenoyer
    Can someone help me figure out how to use a Quaternion with the PerspectiveCamera in libGDX or in general? I am trying to rotate my camera around a sphere that is being drawn at (0,0,0). I am not sure how to go about setting up the quaternion correctly, manipulating it, and then applying it to the camera. Edit: Here is what I have tried to do so far. // This is how I set it up Quaternion orientation = new Quaternion(); orientation.setFromAxis(Vector3.Y, 45); // This is how I am trying to update the rotations public void rotateX(float amount) { Quaternion temp = new Quaternion(); temp.set(Vector3.X, amount); orientation.mul(temp); } public void rotateY(float amount) { Quaternion temp = new Quaternion(); temp.set(Vector3.Y, amount); orientation.mul(temp); } public void updateCamera() { // This is where I am unsure how to apply the rotations to the camera // I think I should update the view and projection matrices? camera.view.mul(orientation); ... }

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  • Pygame surfaces and their Rects

    - by Jaka Novak
    I am trying to understand how pygame surfaces work. I am confused about Rect position of Surface object. If I try blit surface on screen at some position then Surface is drawn at right position, but Rect of the surface is still at position (0, 0)... I tried write my own surface class with new rect, but i am not sure if is that right solution. My goal is that i could move surface like image with rect.move() or something like that. If there is any solution to do that i would be happy to read it. Thanks for answer and time for reading this awful English If helps i write some code for better understanding my problem. (run it first, and then uncomment two lines of code and run again to see the diference): import pygame from pygame.locals import * class SurfaceR(pygame.Surface): def __init__(self, size, position): pygame.Surface.__init__(self, size) self.rect = pygame.Rect(position, size) self.position = position self.size = size def get_rect(self): return self.rect def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480)) pygame.display.set_caption("Screen!?") clock = pygame.time.Clock() fps = 30 white = (255, 255, 255) red = (255, 0, 0) green = (0, 255, 0) blue = (0, 0, 255) surface = pygame.Surface((70,200)) surface.fill(red) surface_re = SurfaceR((300, 50), (100, 300)) surface_re.fill(blue) while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: return 0 screen.blit(surface, (100,50)) screen.blit(surface_re, surface_re.position) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface.get_rect()) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface_re.get_rect()) pygame.display.update() clock.tick(fps) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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  • Advantages And Disadvantages Of Resource Serialization

    - by CPP_Person
    A good example is let's say I'm making a pong game. I have a PNG image for the ball and another PNG image for the paddles. Now which would be better, loading the PNG images with a PNG loader, or loading them in a separate program, serializing it, and de-serializing it in the game itself for use? The reason why this may be good to know is because it seems like game companies (or anyone in the long run) build all of their resources into some sort of file. For example, in the game Fallout: New Vegas the DLCs are loaded as a .ESM file, which includes everything it needs, all the game does is find it, serialize it, and it has the resources. Games like Penumbra: Black Plague take a different approch and add a folder which contains all the textures, sounds, scrips, ect that it needs, but not serialized (it does this with the game itself, and the DLC). Which is the better approch and why?

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  • How do I detect and handle collisions using a tile property with Slick2D?

    - by oracleCreeper
    I am trying to set up collision detection in Slick2D based on a tilemap. I currently have two layers on the maps I'm using, a background layer, and a collision layer. The collision layer has a tile with a 'blocked' property, painted over the areas the player can't walk on. I have looked through the Slick documentation, but do not understand how to read a tile property and use it as a flag for collision detection. My method of 'moving' the player is somewhat different, and might affect how collisions are handled. Instead of updating the player's location on the window, the player always stays in the same spot, updating the x and y the map is rendered at. I am working on collisions with objects by restricting the player's movement when its hitbox intersects an object's hitbox. The code for the player hitting the right side of an object, for example, would look like this: if(Player.bounds.intersects(object.bounds)&&(Player.x<=(object.x+object.width+0.5))&&Player.isMovingLeft){ isInCollision=true; level.moveMapRight(); } else if(Player.bounds.intersects(object.bounds)&&(Player.x<=(object.x+object.width+0.5))&&Player.isMovingRight){ isInCollision=true; level.moveMapRight(); } else if(Player.bounds.intersects(object.bounds)&&(Player.x<=(object.x+object.width+0.5))&&Player.isMovingUp){ isInCollision=true; level.moveMapRight(); } else if(Player.bounds.intersects(object.bounds)&&(Player.x<=(object.x+object.width+0.5))&&Player.isMovingDown){ isInCollision=true; level.moveMapRight(); } and in the level's update code: if(!Player.isInCollision) Player.manageMovementInput(map, i); However, this method still has some errors. For example, when hitting the object from the right, the player will move up and to the left, clipping through the object and becoming stuck inside its hitbox. If there is a more effective way of handling this, any advice would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Spritesheet per pixel collision XNA

    - by Jixi
    So basically i'm using this: public bool IntersectPixels(Rectangle rectangleA, Color[] dataA,Rectangle rectangleB, Color[] dataB) { int top = Math.Max(rectangleA.Top, rectangleB.Top); int bottom = Math.Min(rectangleA.Bottom, rectangleB.Bottom); int left = Math.Max(rectangleA.Left, rectangleB.Left); int right = Math.Min(rectangleA.Right, rectangleB.Right); for (int y = top; y < bottom; y++) { for (int x = left; x < right; x++) { Color colorA = dataA[(x - rectangleA.Left) + (y - rectangleA.Top) * rectangleA.Width]; Color colorB = dataB[(x - rectangleB.Left) + (y - rectangleB.Top) * rectangleB.Width]; if (colorA.A != 0 && colorB.A != 0) { return true; } } } return false; } In order to detect collision, but i'm unable to figure out how to use it with animated sprites. This is my animation update method: public void AnimUpdate(GameTime gameTime) { if (!animPaused) { animTimer += (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds; if (animTimer > animInterval) { currentFrame++; animTimer = 0f; } if (currentFrame > endFrame || endFrame <= currentFrame || currentFrame < startFrame) { currentFrame = startFrame; } objRect = new Rectangle(currentFrame * TextureWidth, frameRow * TextureHeight, TextureWidth, TextureHeight); origin = new Vector2(objRect.Width / 2, objRect.Height / 2); } } Which works with multiple rows and columns. and how i call the intersect: public bool IntersectPixels(Obj me, Vector2 pos, Obj o) { Rectangle collisionRect = new Rectangle(me.objRect.X, me.objRect.Y, me.objRect.Width, me.objRect.Height); collisionRect.X += (int)pos.X; collisionRect.Y += (int)pos.Y; if (IntersectPixels(collisionRect, me.TextureData, o.objRect, o.TextureData)) { return true; } return false; } Now my guess is that i have to update the textureData everytime the frame changes, no? If so then i already tried it and miserably failed doing so :P Any hints, advices? If you need to see any more of my code just let me know and i'll update the question. Updated almost functional collisionRect: collisionRect = new Rectangle((int)me.Position.X, (int)me.Position.Y, me.Texture.Width / (int)((me.frameCount - 1) * me.TextureWidth), me.Texture.Height); What it does now is "move" the block up 50%, shouldn't be too hard to figure out. Update: Alright, so here's a functional collision rectangle(besides the height issue) collisionRect = new Rectangle((int)me.Position.X, (int)me.Position.Y, me.TextureWidth / (int)me.frameCount - 1, me.TextureHeight); Now the problem is that using breakpoints i found out that it's still not getting the correct color values of the animated sprite. So it detects properly but the color values are always: R:0 G:0 B:0 A:0 ??? disregard that, it's not true afterall =P For some reason now the collision area height is only 1 pixel..

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  • How can I make a game like doodlejump XNA c#

    - by Ramy
    I wanted to know how can I make the background scroll down like doodlejump. I have a game made and I have to transform it so it's like doodle jump, but I'm wonder how or where to look so I can make he background keep moving as in progressing through the background till let's say the character dies. namespace IFM20884 { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; public abstract class BackgroundScroll : Sprite { private float speedOfBackground = 0.2f; // speed that the background moves public BackgroundScroll (GraphicsDeviceManager graphics) : base(graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / 2f, graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height / 2f) { } //Getter public float speedOfBackground { get { return this.speedOfBackground ; } set { this.speedOfBackground = value; } } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics) { //Makes background go down. ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y + (gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds * this.speedOfBackground )); if (Position.Y - (Height / 2) > graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height) { ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y - this.Height); } } public override void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y - this.Height); base.Draw(spriteBatch); ForcerPosition(Position.X, Position.Y + this.Height); base.Draw(spriteBatch); } } }

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  • JOGL hardware based shadow mapping - computing the texture matrix

    - by axel22
    I am implementing hardware shadow mapping as described here. I've rendered the scene successfully from the light POV, and loaded the depth buffer of the scene into a texture. This texture has correctly been loaded - I check this by rendering a small thumbnail, as you can see in the screenshot below, upper left corner. The depth of the scene appears to be correct - objects further away are darker, and that are closer to the light are lighter. However, I run into trouble while rendering the scene from the camera's point of view using the depth texture - the texture on the polygons in the scene is rendered in a weird, nondeterministic fashion, as shown in the screenshot. I believe I am making an error while computing the texture transformation matrix, but I am unsure where exactly. Since I have no matrix utilities in JOGL other then the gl[Load|Mult]Matrix procedures, I multiply the matrices using them, like this: void calcTextureMatrix() { glPushMatrix(); glLoadIdentity(); glLoadMatrixf(biasmatrix, 0); glMultMatrixf(lightprojmatrix, 0); glMultMatrixf(lightviewmatrix, 0); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, shadowtexmatrix, 0); glPopMatrix(); } I obtained these matrices by using the glOrtho and gluLookAt procedures: glLoadIdentity() val wdt = width / 45 val hgt = height / 45 glOrtho(wdt, -wdt, -hgt, hgt, -45.0, 45.0) glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, lightprojmatrix, 0) glLoadIdentity() glu.gluLookAt( xlook + lightpos._1, ylook + lightpos._2, lightpos._3, xlook, ylook, 0.0f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.0f) glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, lightviewmatrix, 0) My bias matrix is: float[] biasmatrix = new float[16] { 0.5f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.5f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.5f, 0.f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.f } After applying the camera projection and view matrices, I do: glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_EYE_LINEAR) glTexGenfv(GL_S, GL_EYE_PLANE, shadowtexmatrix, 0) glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S) for each component. Does anybody know why the texture is not being rendered correctly? Thank you.

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  • How do I load tmx files with Slick2d?

    - by mbreen
    I just started using Slick2D and learned how simple it is to load in a tilemap and display it. I tried atleast a dozen different tmx files from numerous examples to see if it was the actual file that was corrupted. Everytime I get this error: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Resource not found: data/maps/desert.tmx at org.newdawn.slick.util.ResourceLoader.getResourceAsStream(ResourceLoader.java:69) at org.newdawn.slick.tiled.TiledMap.<init>(TiledMap.java:101) at game.Game.init(Game.java:17) at game.Tunneler.initStatesList(Tunneler.java:37) at org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame.init(StateBasedGame.java:164) at org.newdawn.slick.AppGameContainer.setup(AppGameContainer.java:390) at org.newdawn.slick.AppGameContainer.start(AppGameContainer.java:314) at game.Tunneler.main(Tunneler.java:29) Here is my Game class: package game; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; import org.newdawn.slick.tiled.TiledMap; public class Game extends BasicGameState{ private int stateID = -1; private TiledMap map = null; public Game(int stateID){ this.stateID = stateID; } public void init(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException{ map = new TiledMap("data/maps/desert.tmx","maps");//ERROR } public void render(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, Graphics g) throws SlickException{ //map.render(0,0); } public void update(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, int delta) throws SlickException{ } public int getID(){return stateID;} } I've tried to see if anyone else has had similar problems but haven't turned up anything. I am able to load other files, so I don't believe it's a compiler issue. My menu class can load images and display them just fine. Also, the filepath is correct. Please let me know if you have any pointers that might help me sort this out.

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  • Thread safe double buffering

    - by kdavis8
    I am trying to implement a draw map method that will draw the tiled image across the surface of the component. I'm having issue with this code. The double buffering does not seem to be working, because the sprite flickers like crazy; my source code: package myPackage; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class GameView extends JFrame implements Runnable { public BufferedImage backbuffer; public Graphics2D g2d; public Image img; Thread gameloop; Scene scene; public GameView() { super("Game View"); setSize(600, 600); setVisible(true); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); backbuffer = new BufferedImage(getWidth(), getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); g2d = backbuffer.createGraphics(); Toolkit tk = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); img = tk.getImage(this.getClass().getResource("cage.png")); scene = new Scene(g2d, this); gameloop = new Thread(this); gameloop.start(); } public static void main(String args[]) { new GameView(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(backbuffer, 0, 0, this); repaint(); } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); while (t == gameloop) { scene.getScene("dirtmap"); g2d.drawImage(img, 80, 80,this![enter image description here][1]); } } private void drawScene(String string) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // g2d.setColor(Color.white); // g2d.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); scene.getScene(string); } } package myPackage; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Component; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Toolkit; public class Scene { Graphics g2d; Component c; boolean loaded = false; public Scene(Graphics2D gr, Component co) { g2d = gr; c = co; } public void getScene(String mapName) { Toolkit tk = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); Image tile = tk.getImage(this.getClass().getResource("dirt.png")); // g2d.setColor(Color.red); for (int y = 0; y <= 18; y++) { for (int x = 0; x <= 18; x += 1) { g2d.drawImage(tile, x * 32, y * 32, c); } } loaded = true; } }

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  • Drawing a circle in opengl es android, squiggly boundaries

    - by ladiesMan217
    I am new to OpenGL ES and facing a hard time drawing a circle on my GLSurfaceView. Here's what I have so far. the Circle Class public class MyGLBall { private int points=40; private float vertices[]={0.0f,0.0f,0.0f}; private FloatBuffer vertBuff; //centre of circle public MyGLBall(){ vertices=new float[(points+1)*3]; for(int i=3;i<(points+1)*3;i+=3){ double rad=(i*360/points*3)*(3.14/180); vertices[i]=(float)Math.cos(rad); vertices[i+1]=(float) Math.sin(rad); vertices[i+2]=0; } ByteBuffer bBuff=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4); bBuff.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); vertBuff=bBuff.asFloatBuffer(); vertBuff.put(vertices); vertBuff.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl){ gl.glPushMatrix(); gl.glTranslatef(0, 0, 0); // gl.glScalef(size, size, 1.0f); gl.glColor4f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertBuff); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, points/2); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glPopMatrix(); } } I couldn't retrieve the screenshot of my image but here's what it looks like As you can see the border has crests and troughs thereby renering it squiggly which I do not want. All I want is a simple curve

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  • Drawing particles with CPU instead of GPU (XNA)

    - by Helix
    I'm trying out modifications to the following particle system. http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/particle_3d I have a function such that when I press Space, all the particles have their positions and velocities set to 0. for (int i = 0; i < particles.GetLength(0); i++) { particles[i].Position = Vector3.Zero; particles[i].Velocity = Vector3.Zero; } However, when I press space, the particles are still moving. If I go to FireParticleSystem.cs I can turn settings.Gravity to 0 and the particles stop moving, but the particles are still not being shifted to (0,0,0). As I understand it, the problem lies in the fact that the GPU is processing all the particle positions, and it's calculating where the particles should be based on their initial position, their initial velocity and multiplying by their age. Therefore, all I've been able to do is change the initial position and velocity of particles, but I'm unable to do it on the fly since the GPU is handling everything. I want the CPU to calculate the positions of the particles individually. This is because I will be later implementing some sort of wind to push the particles around. How do I stop the GPU from taking over? I think it's something to do with VertexBuffers and the draw function, but I don't know how to modify it to make it work.

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  • How to set TextureFilter to Point to make example Bloom filter work?

    - by Mr Bell
    I have simple app that renders some particles and now I am trying to apply the bloom shader from the xna samplers ( http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/bloom ) to it, but I am running into this exception: "XNA Framework HiDef profile requires TextureFilter to be Point when using texture format Vector4." When the BloomComponent tries to end the sprite batch in the DrawFullscreenQuad method: spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, SamplerState.PointWrap, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); //<------- Exception thrown here It seems to be related to the pixel shaders that I am using to animate the particle. In a nutshell, I have a texture2d in vector4 format that holds particle positions, and another one for velocities. Here is a snippet from that area: GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(tempRenderTarget); animationEffect.CurrentTechnique = animationEffect.Techniques[technique]; spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque, SamplerState.PointWrap, DepthStencilState.DepthRead, RasterizerState.CullNone, animationEffect); spriteBatch.Draw(randomValues, new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); What I comment out the code that calls the particle animation pixel shaders the bloom component runs fine. Is there some state that I need to reset to make the bloom work?

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  • Algorithm to find all tiles within a given radius on staggered isometric map

    - by kasztelan
    Given staggered isometric map and a start tile what would be the best way to get all surrounding tiles within given radius(middle to middle)? I can get all neighbours of a given tile and distance between each of them without any problems but I'm not sure what path to take after that. This feature will be used quite often (along with A*) so I'd like to avoid unecessary calculations. If it makes any difference I'm using XNA and each tile is 64x32 pixels.

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  • What should I use (controls, methods) to make a 2D tile based map editor?

    - by user1306322
    I'm making a 2d game where each tile is a square and it's viewed at straight angle, no skewing, no rotation, it's pretty simple. Two weeks ago I tried using DataGridView, but as the number of rows and columns increased, it became frustratingly slow, then I read how it should've happened to me earlier, because this control is not supposed to work with large number of cells, and I have at least 7500 cells in my smallest level, which made it unbearable to use. This is what I expect from my new editor: Most importantly, tile type. Tile images or their color codes are fine (seeing map as it is in-game is cool, but the faster, the better). Secondly, all tile parameters (in text, preferrably editable in a popup or sidebar). I'm using my own format, so I'm most probably not going to use third party product. Besides, I'm trying to learn how to do it myself.

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  • Per-vertex animation with VBOs: VBO per character or VBO per animation?

    - by charstar
    Goal To leverage the richness of well vetted animation tools such as Blender to do the heavy lifting for a small but rich set of animations. I am aware of additive pose blending like that from Naughty Dog and similar techniques but I would prefer to expend a little RAM/VRAM to avoid implementing a thesis-ready pose solver. I would also like to avoid implementing a key-frame + interpolation curve solver (reinventing Blender vertex groups and IPOs), if possible. Scenario Meshes are animated using either skeletons (skinned animation) or some form of morph targets (i.e. per-vertex key frames). However, in either case, the animations are known in full at load-time, that is, there is no physics, IK solving, or any other form of in-game pose solving. The number of character actions (animations) will be limited but rich (hand-animated). There may be multiple characters using a each mesh and its animations simultaneously in-game (they will likely be at different frames of the same animation at the same time). Assume color and texture coordinate buffers are static. Current Considerations Much like a non-shader-powered pose solver, create a VBO for each character and copy vertex and normal data to each VBO on each frame (VBO in STREAMING). Create one VBO for each animation where each frame (interleaved vertex and normal data) is concatenated onto the VBO. Then each character simply has a buffer pointer offset based on its current animation frame (e.g. pointer offset = (numVertices+numNormals)*frameNumber). (VBO in STATIC) Known Trade-Offs In 1 above: Each VBO would be small but there would be many VBOs and therefore lots of buffer binding and vertex copying each frame. Both client and pipeline intensive. In 2 above: There would be few VBOs therefore insignificant buffer binding and no vertex data getting jammed down the pipe each frame, but each VBO would be quite large. Are there any pitfalls to number 2 (aside from finite memory)? I've found a lot of information on what you can do, but no real best practices. Are there other considerations or methods that I am missing?

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  • Where do you search/look for game developers for an indie game startup?

    - by G.Campos
    Hey there I just recently saw stackoverflow had a game dev sister site so here I am, wondering if you experienced fellows know where one can search/look for game developers for an indie game startup? In other words: I have a game idea which I've written down with as much detail as possible (so anyone else can understand how it works) and now I'm looking for a heavy php programmer with whom to pair up in order to go from idea to reality. I'm a front-end/interface designer and an intermediate programmer. I recognize my project requires heavy programming skills which I do not have as of today =) So, what websites, communities or places do you recommend I go look into? Where do good programmers interested in indie games go look for projects if they don't have their own? Thanks in advance G.Campos

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  • XNA Masking Mayhem

    - by TropicalFlesh
    I'd like to start by mentioning that I'm just an amateur programmer of the past 2 years with no formal training and know very little about maximizing the potential of graphics hardware. I can write shaders and manipulate a multi-layered drawing environment, but I've basically stuck to minimalist pixel shaders. I'm working on putting dynamic point light shadows in my 2d sidescroller, and have had it working to a reasonable degree. Just chucking it in without working on serious optimizations outside of basic culling, I can get 50 lights or so onscreen at once and still hover around 100 fps. The only issue is that I'm on a very high end machine and would like to target the game at as many platforms I can, low and high end. The way I'm doing shadows involves a lot of masking before I can finally draw the light to my light layer. Basically, my technique to achieveing such shadows is as follows. See pics in this album http://imgur.com/a/m2fWw#0 The dark gray represents the background tiles, the light gray represents the foreground tiles, and the yellow represents the shadow-emitting foreground tile. I'll draw the light using a radial gradient and a color of choice I'll then exclude light from the mask by drawing some geometry extending through the tile from my point light. I actually don't mask the light yet at this point, but I'm just illustrating the technique in this image Finally, I'll re-include the foreground layer in my mask, as I only want shadows to collect on the background layer and finally multiply the light with it's mask to the light layer My question is simple - How can I go about reducing the amount of render target switches I need to do to achieve the following: a. Draw mask to exclude shadows from the foreground to it's own target once per frame b. For each light that emits shadows, -Begin light mask as full white -Render shadow geometry as transparent with an opaque blendmode to eliminate shadowed areas from the mask -Render foreground mask back over the light mask to reintroduce light to the foreground c. Multiply light texture with it's individual mask to the main light layer.

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  • Making an AI walk on a NavigationMesh (2D/Top-Down game)

    - by Lennard Fonteijn
    For some time I have been working on a framework which should make it possible to generate 2D levels based on a set of rules specified by level designers. You can read more about it here as I won't go into details: http://www.jorisdormans.nl/article.php?ref=engineering_emergence Anyway, I'm now at the point of putting the framework to use and have trouble coming up with a solution for AI. I decided to implement a NavigationMesh in the generated levels as I already have that information to start with. Consider the following image (borrowed from http://www.david-gouveia.com/pathfinding-on-a-2d-polygonal-map/): When I run A* on the NavigationMesh, the red path would be suggested when I want to go from point A to B (either direction). However, I don't want my AI to walk that path directly and clipping corners, I'd rather want them to follow the more logical black path. How would I go about going from the Red path to the Black path, are there any algorithms for this. Which steps do I take? Is A* the proper solution for this at all? For some additional information: The proof-of-concept game is a 2D top-down game written in C#, but examples/references in any language are welcome!

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  • Custom Gesture in cocos2d

    - by Lewis
    I've found a little tutorial that would be useful for my game: http://blog.mellenthin.de/archives/2012/02/13/an-one-finger-rotation-gesture-recognizer/ But I can't work out how to convert that gesture to work with cocos2d, I have found examples of pre made gestures in cocos2d, but no custom ones, is it possible? EDIT STILL HAVING PROBLEMS WITH THIS: I've added the code from Sentinel below (from SO), the Gesture and RotateGesture have both been added to my solution and are compiling. Although In the rotation class now I only see selectors, how do I set those up? As the custom gesture found in that project above looks like: header file for custom gesture: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> @protocol OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate <NSObject> @optional - (void) rotation: (CGFloat) angle; - (void) finalAngle: (CGFloat) angle; @end @interface OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer { CGPoint midPoint; CGFloat innerRadius; CGFloat outerRadius; CGFloat cumulatedAngle; id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> target; } - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) outerRadius target: (id) target; - (void)reset; - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; @end .m for custom gesture file: #include <math.h> #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @implementation OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer // private helper functions CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2); CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB); - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) _midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) _innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) _outerRadius target: (id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate>) _target { if ((self = [super initWithTarget: _target action: nil])) { midPoint = _midPoint; innerRadius = _innerRadius; outerRadius = _outerRadius; target = _target; } return self; } /** Calculates the distance between point1 and point 2. */ CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2) { CGFloat dx = point1.x - point2.x; CGFloat dy = point1.y - point2.y; return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); } CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB) { CGFloat a = endLineA.x - beginLineA.x; CGFloat b = endLineA.y - beginLineA.y; CGFloat c = endLineB.x - beginLineB.x; CGFloat d = endLineB.y - beginLineB.y; CGFloat atanA = atan2(a, b); CGFloat atanB = atan2(c, d); // convert radiants to degrees return (atanA - atanB) * 180 / M_PI; } #pragma mark - UIGestureRecognizer implementation - (void)reset { [super reset]; cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; if ([touches count] != 1) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; return; } } - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed) return; CGPoint nowPoint = [[touches anyObject] locationInView: self.view]; CGPoint prevPoint = [[touches anyObject] previousLocationInView: self.view]; // make sure the new point is within the area CGFloat distance = distanceBetweenPoints(midPoint, nowPoint); if ( innerRadius <= distance && distance <= outerRadius) { // calculate rotation angle between two points CGFloat angle = angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(midPoint, prevPoint, midPoint, nowPoint); // fix value, if the 12 o'clock position is between prevPoint and nowPoint if (angle > 180) { angle -= 360; } else if (angle < -180) { angle += 360; } // sum up single steps cumulatedAngle += angle; // call delegate if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(rotation:)]) { [target rotation:angle]; } } else { // finger moved outside the area self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } } - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized; if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(finalAngle:)]) { [target finalAngle:cumulatedAngle]; } } else { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesCancelled:touches withEvent:event]; self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; cumulatedAngle = 0; } @end Then its initialised like this: // calculate center and radius of the control CGPoint midPoint = CGPointMake(image.frame.origin.x + image.frame.size.width / 2, image.frame.origin.y + image.frame.size.height / 2); CGFloat outRadius = image.frame.size.width / 2; // outRadius / 3 is arbitrary, just choose something >> 0 to avoid strange // effects when touching the control near of it's center gestureRecognizer = [[OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithMidPoint: midPoint innerRadius: outRadius / 3 outerRadius: outRadius target: self]; [self.view addGestureRecognizer: gestureRecognizer]; The selector below is also in the same file where the initialisation of the gestureRecogonizer: - (void) rotation: (CGFloat) angle { // calculate rotation angle imageAngle += angle; if (imageAngle > 360) imageAngle -= 360; else if (imageAngle < -360) imageAngle += 360; // rotate image and update text field image.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(imageAngle * M_PI / 180); [self updateTextDisplay]; } I can't seem to get this working in the RotateGesture class can anyone help me please I've been stuck on this for days now. SECOND EDIT: Here is the users code from SO that was suggested to me: Here is projec on GitHub: SFGestureRecognizers It uses builded in iOS UIGestureRecognizer, and don't needs to be integrated into cocos2d sources. Using it, You can make any gestures, just like you could, if you whould work with UIGestureRecognizer. For example: I made a base class Gesture, and subclassed it for any new gesture: //Gesture.h @interface Gesture : NSObject <UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> { UIGestureRecognizer *gestureRecognizer; id delegate; SEL preSolveSelector; SEL possibleSelector; SEL beganSelector; SEL changedSelector; SEL endedSelector; SEL cancelledSelector; SEL failedSelector; BOOL preSolveAvailable; CCNode *owner; } - (id)init; - (void)addGestureRecognizerToNode:(CCNode*)node; - (void)removeGestureRecognizerFromNode:(CCNode*)node; -(void)recognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer*)recognizer; @end //Gesture.m #import "Gesture.h" @implementation Gesture - (id)init { if (!(self = [super init])) return self; preSolveAvailable = YES; return self; } - (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer { return YES; } - (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)recognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch { //! For swipe gesture recognizer we want it to be executed only if it occurs on the main layer, not any of the subnodes ( main layer is higher in hierarchy than children so it will be receiving touch by default ) if ([recognizer class] == [UISwipeGestureRecognizer class]) { CGPoint pt = [touch locationInView:touch.view]; pt = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:pt]; for (CCNode *child in owner.children) { if ([child isNodeInTreeTouched:pt]) { return NO; } } } return YES; } - (void)addGestureRecognizerToNode:(CCNode*)node { [node addGestureRecognizer:gestureRecognizer]; owner = node; } - (void)removeGestureRecognizerFromNode:(CCNode*)node { [node removeGestureRecognizer:gestureRecognizer]; } #pragma mark - Private methods -(void)recognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer*)recognizer { CCNode *node = recognizer.node; if (preSolveSelector && preSolveAvailable) { preSolveAvailable = NO; [delegate performSelector:preSolveSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } UIGestureRecognizerState state = [recognizer state]; if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && possibleSelector) { [delegate performSelector:possibleSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan && beganSelector) [delegate performSelector:beganSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged && changedSelector) [delegate performSelector:changedSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded && endedSelector) { preSolveAvailable = YES; [delegate performSelector:endedSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled && cancelledSelector) { preSolveAvailable = YES; [delegate performSelector:cancelledSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed && failedSelector) { preSolveAvailable = YES; [delegate performSelector:failedSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } } @end Subclass example: //RotateGesture.h #import "Gesture.h" @interface RotateGesture : Gesture - (id)initWithTarget:(id)target preSolveSelector:(SEL)preSolve possibleSelector:(SEL)possible beganSelector:(SEL)began changedSelector:(SEL)changed endedSelector:(SEL)ended cancelledSelector:(SEL)cancelled failedSelector:(SEL)failed; @end //RotateGesture.m #import "RotateGesture.h" @implementation RotateGesture - (id)initWithTarget:(id)target preSolveSelector:(SEL)preSolve possibleSelector:(SEL)possible beganSelector:(SEL)began changedSelector:(SEL)changed endedSelector:(SEL)ended cancelledSelector:(SEL)cancelled failedSelector:(SEL)failed { if (!(self = [super init])) return self; preSolveSelector = preSolve; delegate = target; possibleSelector = possible; beganSelector = began; changedSelector = changed; endedSelector = ended; cancelledSelector = cancelled; failedSelector = failed; gestureRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(recognizer:)]; gestureRecognizer.delegate = self; return self; } @end Use example: - (void)addRotateGesture { RotateGesture *rotateRecognizer = [[RotateGesture alloc] initWithTarget:self preSolveSelector:@selector(rotateGesturePreSolveWithRecognizer:node:) possibleSelector:nil beganSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateBeganWithRecognizer:node:) changedSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateChangedWithRecognizer:node:) endedSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateEndedWithRecognizer:node:) cancelledSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateCancelledWithRecognizer:node:) failedSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateFailedWithRecognizer:node:)]; [rotateRecognizer addGestureRecognizerToNode:movableAreaSprite]; } I dont understand how to implement the custom gesture code at the start of this post into the rotateGesture class which is a subclass of the gesture class written by the SO user. Any ideas please? When I get 6 more rep I'll add a bounty to this.

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  • Adding Vertices to a dynamic mesh via Method Call

    - by Raven Dreamer
    I have a C# Struct with a static method, "Get Shape" which populates a List with the vertices of a polyhedron. Method Signature: public static void GetShape(Block b, int x, int y, int z, List<Vector3> vertices, List<int> triangles, List<Vector2> uvs, List<Vector2> uv2s) Adding directly to the vertices list (via vertices.Add(vector3) ), the code works as expected, and the new polyhedron appears when I trigger the method. However, I want to do some processing on the vertices I'm adding (a rotation), and the most sensible way I can think to do that is by creating a separate list of Vector3s, and then combining the lists when I'm done. However, vertices.AddRange(newVerts) does not add the shape to the mesh, nor does a foreach loop with verts.Add(vertices[i]). And this is before I've added in any of the processing! I have a feeling this might stem from passing the list of vertices in as a parameter, rather than returning a list and then adding to the vertices in the calling object, but since I'm filling 4 lists, I was trying to avoid having to create a data struct to return all four at once. Any ideas? The working version of the method is reprinted below, in full: public static void GetShape(Block b, int x, int y, int z, List<Vector3> vertices, List<int> triangles, List<Vector2> uvs, List<Vector2> uv2s) { //List<Vector3> vertices = new List<Vector3>(); int l_blockShape = b.blockShape; int l_blockType = b.blockType; //CheckFace checks if the block is empty //if this block is empty, don't draw anything. int vertexIndex; //only y faces need to be hidden. //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegZFace) == BlockShape.NegZFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //XY Z+1 face //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosZFace) == BlockShape.PosZFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZY face //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegXFace) == BlockShape.NegXFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZY X+1 face // if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosXFace) == BlockShape.PosXFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZX face if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegYFace) == BlockShape.NegYFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZX + 1 face if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosYFace) == BlockShape.PosYFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y+1 , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y+1 , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y+1 , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y+1 , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } }

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  • 2D OBB collision detection, resolving collisions?

    - by Milo
    I currently use OBBs and I have a vehicle that is a rigid body and some buildings. Here is my update() private void update() { camera.setPosition((vehicle.getPosition().x * camera.getScale()) - ((getWidth() ) / 2.0f), (vehicle.getPosition().y * camera.getScale()) - ((getHeight() ) / 2.0f)); //camera.move(input.getAnalogStick().getStickValueX() * 15.0f, input.getAnalogStick().getStickValueY() * 15.0f); if(input.isPressed(ControlButton.BUTTON_GAS)) { vehicle.setThrottle(1.0f, false); } if(input.isPressed(ControlButton.BUTTON_BRAKE)) { vehicle.setBrakes(1.0f); } vehicle.setSteering(input.getAnalogStick().getStickValueX()); vehicle.update(16.6666f / 1000.0f); ArrayList<Building> buildings = city.getBuildings(); for(Building b : buildings) { if(vehicle.getRect().overlaps(b.getRect())) { vehicle.update(-17.0f / 1000.0f); break; } } } The collision detection works well. What doesn't is how they are dealt with. My goal is simple. If the vehicle hits a building, it should stop, and never go into the building. When I apply negative torque to reverse the car should not feel buggy and move away from the building. I don't want this to look buggy. This is my rigid body class: class RigidBody extends Entity { //linear private Vector2D velocity = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D forces = new Vector2D(); private float mass; //angular private float angularVelocity; private float torque; private float inertia; //graphical private Vector2D halfSize = new Vector2D(); private Bitmap image; public RigidBody() { //set these defaults so we don't get divide by zeros mass = 1.0f; inertia = 1.0f; } //intialize out parameters public void initialize(Vector2D halfSize, float mass, Bitmap bitmap) { //store physical parameters this.halfSize = halfSize; this.mass = mass; image = bitmap; inertia = (1.0f / 20.0f) * (halfSize.x * halfSize.x) * (halfSize.y * halfSize.y) * mass; RectF rect = new RectF(); float scalar = 10.0f; rect.left = (int)-halfSize.x * scalar; rect.top = (int)-halfSize.y * scalar; rect.right = rect.left + (int)(halfSize.x * 2.0f * scalar); rect.bottom = rect.top + (int)(halfSize.y * 2.0f * scalar); setRect(rect); } public void setLocation(Vector2D position, float angle) { getRect().set(position, getWidth(), getHeight(), angle); } public Vector2D getPosition() { return getRect().getCenter(); } @Override public void update(float timeStep) { //integrate physics //linear Vector2D acceleration = Vector2D.scalarDivide(forces, mass); velocity = Vector2D.add(velocity, Vector2D.scalarMultiply(acceleration, timeStep)); Vector2D c = getRect().getCenter(); c = Vector2D.add(getRect().getCenter(), Vector2D.scalarMultiply(velocity , timeStep)); setCenter(c.x, c.y); forces = new Vector2D(0,0); //clear forces //angular float angAcc = torque / inertia; angularVelocity += angAcc * timeStep; setAngle(getAngle() + angularVelocity * timeStep); torque = 0; //clear torque } //take a relative Vector2D and make it a world Vector2D public Vector2D relativeToWorld(Vector2D relative) { Matrix mat = new Matrix(); float[] Vector2Ds = new float[2]; Vector2Ds[0] = relative.x; Vector2Ds[1] = relative.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vector2Ds); return new Vector2D(Vector2Ds[0], Vector2Ds[1]); } //take a world Vector2D and make it a relative Vector2D public Vector2D worldToRelative(Vector2D world) { Matrix mat = new Matrix(); float[] Vectors = new float[2]; Vectors[0] = world.x; Vectors[1] = world.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(-getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vectors); return new Vector2D(Vectors[0], Vectors[1]); } //velocity of a point on body public Vector2D pointVelocity(Vector2D worldOffset) { Vector2D tangent = new Vector2D(-worldOffset.y, worldOffset.x); return Vector2D.add( Vector2D.scalarMultiply(tangent, angularVelocity) , velocity); } public void applyForce(Vector2D worldForce, Vector2D worldOffset) { //add linear force forces = Vector2D.add(forces ,worldForce); //add associated torque torque += Vector2D.cross(worldOffset, worldForce); } @Override public void draw( GraphicsContext c) { c.drawRotatedScaledBitmap(image, getPosition().x, getPosition().y, getWidth(), getHeight(), getAngle()); } } Essentially, when any rigid body hits a building it should exhibit the same behavior. How is collision solving usually done? Thanks

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  • Why do I get this file loading exception when trying to draw sprites with libgdx?

    - by BluFire
    I'm having trouble with the "Drawing Images" section on the libgdx tutorial. I set up the documents completely and I typed the code as follows: public class Game implements ApplicationListener { public static final String LOG = Game.class.getSimpleName(); private FPSLogger fpsLogger; private SpriteBatch batch; private Texture texture; private Sprite sprite; private TextureRegion region; //removed irrelevant code for this question... @Override public void render() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("android.png")); region = new TextureRegion(texture, 20, 20, 50, 50); sprite = new Sprite(texture, 20, 20, 50, 50); sprite.setPosition(10, 10); sprite.setRotation(45); Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0f, 1f, 0f, 1f); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batch.begin(); batch.draw(texture,10,10); batch.draw(region,10,10); sprite.draw(batch); batch.end(); // output the current FPS fpsLogger.log(); } } I went through the tutorial on the website but when I run the code I get errors: Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load file: android.png at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:137) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.FileTextureData.prepare(FileTextureData.java:55) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.load(Texture.java:175) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.create(Texture.java:159) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.<init>(Texture.java:133) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.<init>(Texture.java:122) at com.game.Game.render(Game.java:46) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop (LwjglApplication.java:163) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:113) Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: File not found: android.png (Internal) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.read(FileHandle.java:108) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.length(FileHandle.java:364) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.readBytes(FileHandle.java:156) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:134) ... 8 more I set the android.png in my assests folder in my android project linking it to the desktop one, I don't understand what I'm doing wrong. What is making these errors? FIX. Weird ending.this was the plus where the sprite is suppose to look like. The top right corner of the next image should look like, the bottom left is what turned out in the code. I'm think it was because of the texture region but I'm not 100%. Can somebody explain why it is really warped? I thought the changes I made in the coding will just change position/rotation, rather then a change in the image.

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  • Scene Graph Traversing Techniques

    - by Bunkai.Satori
    Scene Graph seems to be the most effective way of representing the game world. The game world usually tends to be as large as the memory and device can handle. In contrast, the screen of the device captures only a fraction of the Game World/Scene Graph. Ideally, I wish to process(update and render) only the visible game objects/nodes on per-frame basis. My question therefore is, how to traverse the scene graph so, that I will focus only on the game notes that are in the camera frustum? How to organize data so that I can easily focus only on the scene graph nodes visible to me? What are techniques to minimize scenegraph traversal time? Is there such way as more effective traversal, or do I have to traverse whole scene graph on per-frame basis?

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