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  • Pythonic / itertools way to go through a dict?

    - by dmd
    def reportCSV(t): ret = '' for ev in t: for p in t[ev]: for w in t[ev][p]: ret += ','.join((ev, p, w, t[ev][p][w])) + '\n' return ret What is a more pythonic way to do this, e.g. using itertools or the like? In this case I'm just writing it out to a CSV file. t is a dict t[ev] is a dict t[ev][p] is a dict t[ev][p][w] is a float I'm not sure how I'd use itertools.product in this case.

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  • Server authorization with MD5 and SQL.

    - by Charles
    I currently have a SQL database of passwords stored in MD5. The server needs to generate a unique key, then sends to the client. In the client, it will use the key as a salt then hash together with the password and send back to the server. The only problem is that the the SQL DB has the passwords in MD5 already. Therefore for this to work, I would have to MD5 the password client side, then MD5 it again with the salt. Am I doing this wrong, because it doesn't seem like a proper solution. Any information is appreciated.

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  • How split a column in two colunms in pandas

    - by user1345283
    I have el next dataframe data=read_csv('enero.csv') data Fecha DirViento MagViento 0 2011/07/01 00:00 318 6.6 1 2011/07/01 00:15 342 5.5 2 2011/07/01 00:30 329 6.6 3 2011/07/01 00:45 279 7.5 4 2011/07/01 01:00 318 6.0 5 2011/07/01 01:15 329 7.1 6 2011/07/01 01:30 300 4.7 7 2011/07/01 01:45 291 3.1 How to split the column Fecha in two columns,for example, get a dataframe as follows: Fecha Hora DirViento MagViento 0 2011/07/01 00:00 318 6.6 1 2011/07/01 00:15 342 5.5 2 2011/07/01 00:30 329 6.6 3 2011/07/01 00:45 279 7.5 4 2011/07/01 01:00 318 6.0 5 2011/07/01 01:15 329 7.1 6 2011/07/01 01:30 300 4.7 7 2011/07/01 01:45 291 3.1 I am using pandas for to read data I try to calculate daily averages from a monthly database has daily data recorded every 15 minutes. To do this, use pandas and grouped the columns: Date and Time for get a dataframe as follow: Fecha Hora 2011/07/01 00:00 -4.4 00:15 -1.7 00:30 -3.4 2011/07/02 00:00 -4.5 00:15 -4.2 00:30 -7.6 2011/07/03 00:00 -6.3 00:15 -13.7 00:30 -0.3 with this look, I get the following grouped.mean() Fecha DirRes 2011/07/01 -3 2011/07/02 -5 2011/07/03 -6

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  • Favorite Django Tips & Features?

    - by Haes
    Inspired by the question series 'Hidden features of ...', I am curious to hear about your favorite Django tips or lesser known but useful features you know of. Please, include only one tip per answer. Add Django version requirements if there are any.

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  • Rewriting Live TCP Streams

    - by user213060
    I want to rewrite TCP/IP streams. Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of TCP/IP data based on fixed strings or regexes. Example: http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? Thanks!

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  • do I need to use partial?

    - by wiso
    I've a general function, for example (only a simplified example): def do_operation(operation, a, b, name): print name do_something_more(a,b,name, operation(a,b)) def operation_x(a,b): return a**2 + b def operation_y(a,b): return a**10 - b/2. and some data: data = {"first": {"name": "first summation", "a": 10, "b": 20, "operation": operation_x}, "second": {"name": "second summation", "a": 20, "b": 50, "operation": operation_y}, "third": {"name": "third summation", "a": 20, "b": 50, "operation": operation_x}, # <-- operation_x again } now I can do: what_to_do = ("first", "third") # this comes from command line for sum_id in what_to_do: do_operation(data["operation"], data["a"], data["b"], data["name"]) or maybe it's better if I use functools.partial? from functools import partial do_operation_one = do_operation(name=data["first"]["name"], operation=data["first"]["operation"], a=data["first"]["a"], b=data["first"]["b"]) do_operation_two = do_operation(name=data["second"]["name"], operation=data["second"]["operation"] a=data["second"]["a"], b=data["second"]["b"]) do_operation_three = do_operation(name=data["third"]["name"], operation=data["third"]["operation"] a=data["third"]["a"], b=data["third"]["b"]) do_dictionary = { "first": do_operation_one, "second": do_operation_two, "third": do_operation_three } for what in what_to_do: do_dictionary[what]()

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  • How to call Twiter's Streaming/Filter Feed with urllib2/httplib?

    - by Simon
    Update: I switched this back from answered as I tried the solution posed in cogent Nick's answer and switched to Google's urlfetch: logging.debug("starting urlfetch for http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url)) result = urlfetch.fetch("http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url), payload=self.body, method="POST", headers=self.headers, allow_truncated=True, deadline=5) logging.debug("finished urlfetch") but unfortunately finished urlfetch is never printed - I see the timeout happen in the logs (it returns 200 after 5 seconds), but execution doesn't seem tor return. Hi All- I'm attempting to play around with Twitter's Streaming (aka firehose) API with Google App Engine (I'm aware this probably isn't a great long term play as you can't keep the connection perpetually open with GAE), but so far I haven't had any luck getting my program to actually parse the results returned by Twitter. Some code: logging.debug("firing up urllib2") req = urllib2.Request(url="http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url), data=self.body, headers=self.headers) logging.debug("called urlopen for %s %s, about to call urlopen" % (self.host, self.url)) fobj = urllib2.urlopen(req) logging.debug("called urlopen") When this executes, unfortunately, my debug output never shows the called urlopen line printed. I suspect what's happening is that Twitter keeps the connection open and urllib2 doesn't return because the server doesn't terminate the connection. Wireshark shows the request being sent properly and a response returned with results. I tried adding Connection: close to my request header, but that didn't yield a successful result. Any ideas on how to get this to work? thanks -Simon

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  • is the sender of google-app-engine allow my own gmail..

    - by zjm1126
    my gmail is [email protected] i can only use [email protected] in the sender=".." ,yes ?? from google.appengine.api import mail message = mail.EmailMessage(sender="[email protected]", subject="Your account has been approved") message.to = "[email protected]" message.body = """ Dear Albert: Your example.com account has been approved. You can now visit http://www.example.com/ and sign in using your Google Account to access new features. Please let us know if you have any questions. The example.com Team """ message.send() thanks

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  • Start PyGTK cellrenderer edit from code

    - by mkotechno
    I have a treeview with an editable CellRendererText: self.renderer = gtk.CellRendererText() self.renderer.set_property('editable', True) But now I need to launch the edition from code instead from user, this is to focus the user attention in the fact he just created a new row and needs to be named. I tried this but does not work: self.renderer.start_editing( gtk.gdk.Event(gtk.gdk.NOTHING), self.treeview, str(index), gtk.gdk.Rectangle(), gtk.gdk.Rectangle(), 0) Neither does not throw errors, but the documentation about for what is each argument is not clear, in fact I really don't know if start_editing method is for this. All suggestions are welcome, thanks.

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • Assignment to None

    - by Joel
    Hello, I have a function which returns 3 numbers, e.g.: def numbers(): return 1,2,3 usually I call this function to receive all three returned numbers e.g.: a,b,c=numbers() However, I have one case in which I only need the first returned number. I tried using: a, None None = numbers() But I receive "SyntaxError: assignment to None". I know, of course, that i can use the first option I mentioned and then not use "b" and "c", but only "a". However, this seems like a "waste" of two vars and feels like wrong programming. Any ideas? Thanks, Joek

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  • Preserve time stamp when shrinking an image

    - by Ckhrysze
    My digital camera takes pictures with a very high resolution, and I have a PIL script to shrink them to 800x600 (or 600x800). However, it would be nice for the resultant file to retain the original timestamp. I noticed in the docs that I can use a File object instead of a name in PIL's image save method, but I don't know if that will help or not. My code is basically name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) # open an image file (.bmp,.jpg,.png,.gif) you have in the working folder image = Image.open(filename) width = 800 height = 600 w, h = image.size if h > w: width = 600 height = 800 name = name + ".jpg" shunken = image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS) shunken.save(name) Thank you for any help you can give!

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  • How to return an image in an HTTP response with CherryPy

    - by colinmarc
    I have code which generates a Cairo ImageSurface, and I expose it like so: def preview(...): surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height) ... cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = "image/png" return surface.get_data() preview.exposed = True This doesn't work (browsers report that the image has errors). I've tested that surface.write_to_png('test.png') works, but I'm not sure what to dump the data into to return it. I'm guessing some file-like object? According to the pycairo documentation, get_data() returns a buffer. I've also now tried: tempf = os.tmpfile() surface.write_to_png(tempf) return tempf Also, is it better to create and hold this image in memory (like I'm trying to do) or write it to disk as a temp file and serve it from there? I only need the image once, then it can be discarded.

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  • Sort and limit queryset by comment count and date using queryset.extra() (django)

    - by thornomad
    I am trying to sort/narrow a queryset of objects based on the number of comments each object has as well as by the timeframe during which the comments were posted. Am using a queryset.extra() method (using django_comments which utilizes generic foreign keys). I got the idea for using queryset.extra() (and the code) from here. This is a follow-up question to my initial question yesterday (which shows I am making some progress). Current Code: What I have so far works in that it will sort by the number of comments; however, I want to extend the functionality and also be able to pass a time frame argument (eg, 7 days) and return an ordered list of the most commented posts in that time frame. Here is what my view looks like with the basic functionality in tact: import datetime from django.contrib.comments.models import Comment from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.db.models import Count, Sum from django.views.generic.list_detail import object_list def custom_object_list(request, queryset, *args, **kwargs): '''Extending the list_detail.object_list to allow some sorting. Example: http://example.com/video?sort_by=comments&days=7 Would get a list of the videos sorted by most comments in the last seven days. ''' try: # this is where I started working on the date business ... days = int(request.GET.get('days', None)) period = datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(days=int(days)) except (ValueError, TypeError): days = None period = None sort_by = request.GET.get('sort_by', None) ctype = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(queryset.model) if sort_by == 'comments': queryset = queryset.extra(select={ 'count' : """ SELECT COUNT(*) AS comment_count FROM django_comments WHERE content_type_id=%s AND object_pk=%s.%s """ % ( ctype.pk, queryset.model._meta.db_table, queryset.model._meta.pk.name ), }, order_by=['-count']).order_by('-count', '-created') return object_list(request, queryset, *args, **kwargs) What I've Tried: I am not well versed in SQL but I did try just to add another WHERE criteria by hand to see if I could make some progress: SELECT COUNT(*) AS comment_count FROM django_comments WHERE content_type_id=%s AND object_pk=%s.%s AND submit_date='2010-05-01 12:00:00' But that didn't do anything except mess around with my sort order. Any ideas on how I can add this extra layer of functionality? Thanks for any help or insight.

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  • beautifulsoup: find the n-th element's sibling

    - by deostroll
    I have a complex html DOM tree of the following nature: <table> ... <tr> <td> ... </td> <td> <table> <tr> <td> <!-- inner most table --> <table> ... </table> <h2>This is hell!</h2> <td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> I have some logic to find out the inner most table. But after having found it, I need to get the next sibling element (h2). Is there anyway you can do this?

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  • Plot smooth line with PyPlot

    - by Paul
    I've got the following simple script that plots a graph: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np T = np.array([6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]) power = np.array([1.53E+03, 5.92E+02, 2.04E+02, 7.24E+01, 2.72E+01, 1.10E+01, 4.70E+00]) plt.plot(T,power) plt.show() As it is now, the line goes straight from point to point which looks ok, but could be better in my opinion. What I want is to smooth the line between the points. In Gnuplot I would have plotted with smooth cplines. Is there an easy way to do this in PyPlot? I've found some tutorials, but they all seem rather complex.

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  • Fastest way to generate delimited string from 1d numpy array

    - by Abiel
    I have a program which needs to turn many large one-dimensional numpy arrays of floats into delimited strings. I am finding this operation quite slow relative to the mathematical operations in my program and am wondering if there is a way to speed it up. For example, consider the following loop, which takes 100,000 random numbers in a numpy array and joins each array into a comma-delimited string. import numpy as np x = np.random.randn(100000) for i in range(100): ",".join(map(str, x)) This loop takes about 20 seconds to complete (total, not each cycle). In contrast, consider that 100 cycles of something like elementwise multiplication (x*x) would take than one 1/10 of a second to complete. Clearly the string join operation creates a large performance bottleneck; in my actual application it will dominate total runtime. This makes me wonder, is there a faster way than ",".join(map(str, x))? Since map() is where almost all the processing time occurs, this comes down to the question of whether there a faster to way convert a very large number of numbers to strings.

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  • How to get "paster request" to use config host value instead of localhost?

    - by mmartinez
    I'm trying to access my pylons application via cron job to send notifications to my users. The way I'm doing this is by running the application using something like: paster request myconfig.ini /maintenance/do In the actual controller I check for the "paste.command_request" to block public access. Everything works but the only problem is that within the notifications that I send to my users there is a link to their profile and the host is "localhost" which should instead be the domain name of the application. When the notifications are sent from within the served application (say, a user modifies their settings on the site) the notifications have the correct url. I am using mako to render my email tamplates and within the template I am using the "pylons.url" method with "qualified" set to "True". Am I missing something here? Thanks in advance.

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  • Django model field value preprocessing before returning

    - by Satoru.Logic
    Hi, all. I have a Note model class like this: class Note(models.Model): author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='notes') content = NoteContentField(max_length=256) NoteContentField is a custom sub-class of CharField that override the to_python method in purpose of doing some twitter-text-conversion processing. class NoteContentField(models.CharField): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def to_python(self, value): value = super(NoteContentField, self).to_python(value) from ..utils import linkify return mark_safe(linkify(value)) However, this doesn't work. When I save a Note object like this: note = Note(author=request.use, content=form.cleaned_data['content']) The conversed value is saved into the database, which is not what I wanna see. Would you please tell me what's wrong with this? Thanks in advance.

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  • Good way to edit the previous defined class in ipython

    - by leo
    Hi, I am wondering a good way to follow if i would like to redefine the members of a previous defined class in ipython. say : I have defined a class intro like below, and later i want to redefine part of the function definition _print_api. Any way to do that without retyping it . class intro(object): def _print_api(self,obj): def _print(key): if key.startswith('_'): return '' value = getattr(obj,key) if not hasattr(value,im_func): doc = type(valuee).__name__ else: if value.__doc__ is None: doc = 'no docstring' else: doc = value.__doc__ return ' %s :%s' %(key,doc) res = [_print(element) for element in dir(obj)] return '\n'.join([element for element in res if element != '']) def __get__(self,instance,klass): if instance is not None: return self._print(instance) else: return self._print_api(klass)

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  • socket.shutdown vs socket.close

    - by Jason Baker
    I recently saw a bit of code that looked like this (with sock being a socket object of course): sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR) sock.close() What exactly is the purpose of calling shutdown on the socket and then closing it? If it makes a difference, this socket is being used for non-blocking IO.

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  • [Gdata] GetAuthSubToken returns None

    - by Matt
    Hey guys, I am a little lost on how to get the auth token. Here is the code I am using on the return from authorizing my app: client = gdata.service.GDataService() gdata.alt.appengine.run_on_appengine(client) sessionToken = gdata.auth.extract_auth_sub_token_from_url(self.request.uri) client.UpgradeToSessionToken(sessionToken) logging.info(client.GetAuthSubToken()) what gets logged is "None" so that does seem right :-( if I use this: temp = client.upgrade_to_session_token(sessionToken) logging.info(dump(temp)) I get this: {'scopes': ['http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/'], 'auth_header': 'AuthSub token=CNKe7drpFRDzp8uVARjD-s-wAg'} so I can see that I am getting a AuthSub Token and I guess I could just parse that and grab the token but that doesn't seem like the way things should work. If I try to use AuthSubTokenInfo I get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 507, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "controllers/indexController.py", line 47, in get logging.info(client.AuthSubTokenInfo()) File "/Users/matthusby/Dropbox/appengine/projects/FBCal/gdata/service.py", line 938, in AuthSubTokenInfo token = self.token_store.find_token(scopes[0]) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable so it looks like my token_store is not getting filled in correctly, is that something I should be doing? Also I am using gdata 2.0.9 Thanks Matt

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  • Django: Serving Media Behind Custom URL

    - by TheLizardKing
    So I of course know that serving static files through Django will send you straight to hell but I am confused on how to use a custom url to mask the true location of the file using Django. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2681338/django-serving-a-download-in-a-generic-view but the answer I accepted seems to be the "wrong" way of doing things. urls.py: url(r'^song/(?P<song_id>\d+)/download/$', song_download, name='song_download'), views.py: def song_download(request, song_id): song = Song.objects.get(id=song_id) fsock = open(os.path.join(song.path, song.filename)) response = HttpResponse(fsock, mimetype='audio/mpeg') response['Content-Disposition'] = "attachment; filename=%s - %s.mp3" % (song.artist, song.title) return response This solution works perfectly but not perfectly enough it turns out. How can I avoid having a direct link to the mp3 while still serving through nginx/apache? EDIT 1 - ADDITIONAL INFO Currently I can get my files by using an address such as: http://www.example.com/music/song/1692/download/ But the above mentioned method is the devil's work. How can I accomplished what I get above while still making nginx/apache serve the media? Is this something that should be done at the webserver level? Some crazy mod_rewrite? http://static.example.com/music/Aphex%20Twin%20-%20Richard%20D.%20James%20(V0)/10%20Logon-Rock%20Witch.mp3

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  • Proper way to set object instance variables

    - by ensnare
    I'm writing a class to insert users into a database, and before I get too far in, I just want to make sure that my OO approach is clean: class User(object): def setName(self,name): #Do sanity checks on name self._name = name def setPassword(self,password): #Check password length > 6 characters #Encrypt to md5 self._password = password def commit(self): #Commit to database >>u = User() >>u.setName('Jason Martinez') >>u.setPassword('linebreak') >>u.commit() Is this the right approach? Should I declare class variables up top? Should I use a _ in front of all the class variables to make them private? Thanks for helping out.

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