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  • socket.shutdown vs socket.close

    - by Jason Baker
    I recently saw a bit of code that looked like this (with sock being a socket object of course): sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR) sock.close() What exactly is the purpose of calling shutdown on the socket and then closing it? If it makes a difference, this socket is being used for non-blocking IO.

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  • Django: query with ManyToManyField count?

    - by AP257
    In Django, how do I construct a COUNT query for a ManyToManyField? My models are as follows, and I want to get all the people whose name starts with A and who are the lord or overlord of at least one Place, and order the results by name. class Manor(models.Model): lord = models.ManyToManyField(Person, null=True, related_name="lord") overlord = models.ManyToManyField(Person, null=True, related_name="overlord") class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) So my query should look something like this... but how do I construct the third line? people = Person.objects.filter( Q(name__istartswith='a'), Q(lord.count > 0) | Q(overlord.count > 0) # pseudocode ).order_by('name'))

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  • Favorite Django Tips & Features?

    - by Haes
    Inspired by the question series 'Hidden features of ...', I am curious to hear about your favorite Django tips or lesser known but useful features you know of. Please, include only one tip per answer. Add Django version requirements if there are any.

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  • Stream a file to the HTTP response in Pylons

    - by Evgeny
    I have a Pylons controller action that needs to return a file to the client. (The file is outside the web root, so I can't just link directly to it.) The simplest way is, of course, this: with open(filepath, 'rb') as f: response.write(f.read()) That works, but it's obviously inefficient for large files. What's the best way to do this? I haven't been able to find any convenient methods in Pylons to stream the contents of the file. Do I really have to write the code to read a chunk at a time myself from scratch?

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  • Convert list to sequence of variables

    - by wtzolt
    I was wondering if this was possible... I have a sequence of variables that have to be assigned to a do.something (a, b) a and b variables accordingly. Something like this: # # Have a list of sequenced variables. list = 2:90 , 1:140 , 3:-40 , 4:60 # # "Template" on where to assign the variables from the list. do.something (a,b) # # Assign the variables from the list in a sequence with possibility of "in between" functions like print and time.sleep() added. do.something (2,90) time.sleep(1) print "Did something (%d,%d)" % (# # vars from list?) do.something (1,140) time.sleep(1) print "Did something (%d,%d)" % (# # vars from list?) do.something (3,-40) time.sleep(1) print "Did something (%d,%d)" % (# # vars from list?) do.something (4,60) time.sleep(1) print "Did something (%d,%d)" % (# # vars from list?) Any ideas?

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  • cannot output a json encoded dict containing accents (noob inside)

    - by user296546
    Hi all, here is a fairly simple example wich is driving me nuts since a couple of days. Considering the following script: # -*- coding: utf-8 -* from json import dumps as json_dumps machaine = u"une personne émérite" print(machaine) output = {} output[1] = machaine jsonoutput = json_dumps(output) print(jsonoutput) The result of this from cli: une personne émérite {"1": "une personne \u00e9m\u00e9rite"} I don't understand why their such a difference between the two strings. i have been trying all sorts of encode, decode etc but i can't seem to be able to find the right way to do it. Does anybody has an idea ? Thanks in advance. Matthieu

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  • How to call Twiter's Streaming/Filter Feed with urllib2/httplib?

    - by Simon
    Update: I switched this back from answered as I tried the solution posed in cogent Nick's answer and switched to Google's urlfetch: logging.debug("starting urlfetch for http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url)) result = urlfetch.fetch("http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url), payload=self.body, method="POST", headers=self.headers, allow_truncated=True, deadline=5) logging.debug("finished urlfetch") but unfortunately finished urlfetch is never printed - I see the timeout happen in the logs (it returns 200 after 5 seconds), but execution doesn't seem tor return. Hi All- I'm attempting to play around with Twitter's Streaming (aka firehose) API with Google App Engine (I'm aware this probably isn't a great long term play as you can't keep the connection perpetually open with GAE), but so far I haven't had any luck getting my program to actually parse the results returned by Twitter. Some code: logging.debug("firing up urllib2") req = urllib2.Request(url="http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url), data=self.body, headers=self.headers) logging.debug("called urlopen for %s %s, about to call urlopen" % (self.host, self.url)) fobj = urllib2.urlopen(req) logging.debug("called urlopen") When this executes, unfortunately, my debug output never shows the called urlopen line printed. I suspect what's happening is that Twitter keeps the connection open and urllib2 doesn't return because the server doesn't terminate the connection. Wireshark shows the request being sent properly and a response returned with results. I tried adding Connection: close to my request header, but that didn't yield a successful result. Any ideas on how to get this to work? thanks -Simon

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  • min() and max() give error: TypeError: 'float' object is not iterable

    - by PythonUser3.3
    markList=[] Lmark=0 Hmark=0 while True: mark=float(input("Enter your marks here(Click -1 to exit)")) if mark == -1: break markList.append(mark) markList.sort() mid = len(markList)//2 if len(markList)%2==0: median=(markList[mid]+ markList[mid-1])/2 print("Median:", median) else: print("Median:" , markList[mid]) Lmark==(min(mark)) print("The lowest mark is", Lmark) Hmark==(max(mark)) print("The highest mark is", Hmark) My program is a basic grade calculator using lists. My program asks the user to input their grades into a list in which it then calculates your average and finds your lowest and highest mark. I have found the average but I can't seem to figure out how to find the lowest and highest grade. Can you please show me pr tell me what to do?

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  • Programatically Determining Bin Path

    - by Andy
    I'm working on a web app called pj and there is a bin file and a src folder. The relative paths before I deploy the app will look something like: pj/bin and pj/src/pj/script.py. However, after deployment, the relative paths will look like: pj_dep/deployed/bin and pj_dep/deployed/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pj/script.py Question: Within script.py, I am trying to find the path of a file in the bin directory. This leads to 2 different behaviors in the dev and deployment environment. If I do os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'bin') to try to get the path for the dev environment, I will have a different path for the deployment environment. Is there a more generalized way I can find the bin directory so that I do not need to rely on an if statement to determine how many directories to go up based on the current env? This doesn't seem flexible and might cause other issues later on when the code is moved.

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  • Refining data stored in SQLite - how to join several contacts?

    - by Krab
    Problem background Imagine this problem. You have a water molecule which is in contact with other molecules (if the contact is a hydrogen bond, there can be 4 other molecules around my water). Like in the following picture (A, B, C, D are some other atoms and dots mean the contact). A B . . O / \ H H . . C D I have the information about all the dots and I need to eliminate the water in the center and create records describing contacts of A-C, A-D, A-B, B-C, B-D, and C-D. Database structure Currently, I have the following structure in the database: Table atoms: "id" integer PRIMARY KEY, "amino" char(3) NOT NULL, (HOH for water or other value) other columns identifying the atom Table contacts: "acceptor_id" integer NOT NULL, (the atom near to my hydrogen, here C or D) "donor_id" integer NOT NULL, (here A or B) "directness" char(1) NOT NULL, (this should be D for direct and W for water-mediated) other columns about the contact, such as the distance Current solution (insufficient) Now, I'm going through all the contacts which have donor.amino = "HOH". In this sample case, this would select contacts from C and D. For each of these selected contacts, I look up contacts having the same acceptor_id as is the donor_id in the currently selected contact. From this information, I create the new contact. At the end, I delete all contacts to or from HOH. This way, I am obviously unable to create C-D and A-B contacts (the other 4 are OK). If I try a similar approach - trying to find two contacts having the same donor_id, I end up with duplicate contacts (C-D and D-C). Is there a simple way to retrieve all six contacts without duplicates? I'm dreaming about some one page long SQL query which retrievs just these six wanted rows. :-) It is preferable to conserve information about who is donor where possible, but not strictly necessary. Big thanks to all of you who read this question to this point.

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  • Munging non-printable characters to dots using string.translate()

    - by Jim Dennis
    So I've done this before and it's a surprising ugly bit of code for such a seemingly simple task. The goal is to translate any non-printable character into a . (dot). For my purposes "printable" does exclude the last few characters from string.printable (new-lines, tabs, and so on). This is for printing things like the old MS-DOS debug "hex dump" format ... or anything similar to that (where additional whitespace will mangle the intended dump layout). I know I can use string.translate() and, to use that, I need a translation table. So I use string.maketrans() for that. Here's the best I could come up with: filter = string.maketrans( string.translate(string.maketrans('',''), string.maketrans('',''),string.printable[:-5]), '.'*len(string.translate(string.maketrans('',''), string.maketrans('',''),string.printable[:-5]))) ... which is an unreadable mess (though it does work). From there you can call use something like: for each_line in sometext: print string.translate(each_line, filter) ... and be happy. (So long as you don't look under the hood). Now it is more readable if I break that horrid expression into separate statements: ascii = string.maketrans('','') # The whole ASCII character set nonprintable = string.translate(ascii, ascii, string.printable[:-5]) # Optional delchars argument filter = string.maketrans(nonprintable, '.' * len(nonprintable)) And it's tempting to do that just for legibility. However, I keep thinking there has to be a more elegant way to express this!

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  • Some jQuery-powered features not working in Chrome

    - by Enchantner
    I'm using a jCarouselLite plugin for creating two image galleries on the main page of my Django-powered site. The code of elements with navigation arrows is generating dynamically like this: $(document).ready(function () { $('[jq\\:corner]').each(function(index, item) { item = $(item); item.corner(item.attr('jq:corner')) }) $('[jq\\:menu]').each(function (index, item) { item = $(item); item.menu(item.attr('jq:menu')) }) $('[jq\\:carousel]').each(function(index, item) { item = $(item); var args = item.attr('jq:carousel').split(/\s+/) lister = item.parent().attr('class') + '_lister' item.parent().append('<div id="'+ lister +'"></div>'); $('#' + lister).append("<a class='nav left' href='#'></a><a class='nav right' href='#'></a>"); toparrow = $(item).position().top + $(item).height() - 50; widtharrow = $(item).width(); $('#' + lister).css({ 'display': 'inline-block', 'z-index': 10, 'position': 'absolute', 'margin-left': '-22px', 'top': toparrow, 'width': widtharrow }) $('#' + lister + ' .nav.right').css({ 'margin-left': $('#' + lister).width() + 22 }) item.jCarouselLite({ btnNext: '#' + lister + ' .nav.right', btnPrev: '#' + lister + ' .nav.left', visible: parseInt(args[0]) }) }) The problem is that if page is loaded through an url, typed in the adress bar, some functions doesn't work and the second gallery appears with the wrong parameters, but if I came to this page via clicking link - everything works perfectly. It happends only in Google Chrome (Ubuntu, stable 5.0.360.0), but not in Firefox or Opera. What could be the reason?

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  • How to obtain the root of a tree without parsing the entire file?

    - by Matt.
    I'm making an xml parser to parse xml reports from different tools, and each tool generates different reports with different tags. For example: Arachni generates an xml report with <arachni_report></arachni_report> as tree root tag. nmap generates an xml report with <nmaprun></nmaprun> as tree root tag. I'm trying not to parse the entire file unless it's a valid report from any of the tools I want. First thing I thought to use was ElementTree, parse the entire xml file (supposing it contains valid xml), and then check based on the tree root if the report belongs to Arachni or nmap. I'm currently using cElementTree, and as far as I know getroot() is not an option here, but my goal is to make this parser to operate with recognized files only, without parsing unnecessary files. By the way, I'm Still learning about xml parsing, thanks in advance.

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  • How do I pass a lot of parameters to views in Dango?

    - by Mark
    I'm very new to Django and I'm trying to build an application to present my data in tables and charts. Till now my learning process went very smooth, but now I'm a bit stuck. My pageview retrieves large amounts of data from a database and puts it in the context. The template then generates different html-tables. So far so good. Now I want to add different charts to the template. I manage to do this by defining <img src=".../> tags. The Matplotlib chart is generate in my chartview an returned via: response=HttpResponse(content_type='image/png') canvas.print_png(response) return response Now I have different questions: the data is retrieved twice from the database. Once in the pageview to render the tables, and again in the chartview for making the charts. What is the best way to pass the data, already in the context of the page to the chartview? I need a lot of charts, each with different datasets. I could make a chartview for each chart, but probably there is a better way. How do I pass the different dataset names to the chartview? Some charts have 20 datasets, so I don't think that passing these dataset parameters via the url (like: <imgm src="chart/dataset1/dataset2/.../dataset20/chart.png />) is the right way. Any advice?

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  • Trying to set up nested while loops using a boolean switch

    - by thorn100
    First time posting. I'm trying to set up a while loop that will ask the user for the employee name, hours worked and hourly wage until the user enters 'DONE'. Eventually I'll modify the code to calculate the weekly pay and write it to a list, but one thing at a time. The problem is once the main while loop executes once, it just stops. Doesn't error out but just stops. I have to kill the program to get it to stop. I want it to ask the three questions again and again until the user is finished. Thoughts? Please note that this is just an exercise and not meant for any real world application. def getName(): """Asks for the employee's full name""" firstName=raw_input("\nWhat is your first name? ") lastName=raw_input("\nWhat is your last name? ") fullName=firstName.title() + " " + lastName.title() return fullName def getHours(): """Asks for the number of hours the employee worked""" hoursWorked=0 while int(hoursWorked)<1 or int(hoursWorked) > 60: hoursWorked=raw_input("\nHow many hours did the employee work: ") if int(hoursWorked)<1 or int(hoursWorked) > 60: print "Please enter an integer between 1 and 60." else: return hoursWorked def getWage(): """Asks for the employee's hourly wage""" wage=0 while float(wage)<6.00 or float(wage)>20.00: wage=raw_input("\nWhat is the employee's hourly wage: ") if float(wage)<6.00 or float(wage)>20.00: print ("Please enter an hourly wage between $6.00 and $20.00") else: return wage ##sentry variables employeeName="" employeeHours=0 employeeWage=0 booleanDone=False #Enter employee info print "Please enter payroll information for an employee or enter 'DONE' to quit." while booleanDone==False: while employeeName=="": employeeName=getName() if employeeName.lower()=="done": booleanDone=True break print "The employee's name is", employeeName while employeeHours==0: employeeHours=getHours() if employeeHours.lower()=="done": booleanDone=True break print employeeName, "worked", employeeHours, "this week." while employeeWage==0: employeeWage=getWage() if employeeWage.lower()=="done": booleanDone=True break print employeeName + "'s hourly wage is $" + employeeWage

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  • Django - The included urlconf doesn't have any patterns in it

    - by unsorted
    My website, which was working before, suddenly started breaking with the error "ImproperlyConfigured at / The included urlconf resume.urls doesn't have any patterns in it" The project base is called resume. In settings.py I have set ROOT_URLCONF = 'resume.urls' Here's my resume.urls, which sits in the project root directory. from django.conf.urls.defaults import * # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin: from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Example: # (r'^resume/', include('resume.foo.urls')), # Uncomment the admin/doc line below and add 'django.contrib.admindocs' # to INSTALLED_APPS to enable admin documentation: (r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^accounts/login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'), #(r'^employer/', include(students.urls)), (r'^ajax/', include('urls.ajax')), (r'^student/', include('students.urls')), (r'^club/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.club_detail'), (r'^company/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.company_detail'), (r'^program/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.program_detail'), (r'^course/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.course_detail'), (r'^career/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.career_detail'), (r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': 'C:/code/django/resume/media'}), ) I have a folder called urls and a file ajax.py inside. (I also created a blank init.py in the same folder so that urls would be recognized.) This is ajax.py. from django.conf.urls.defaults import * urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^star/(?P<object_id>\d+)$', 'resume.students.ajax-calls.star'), ) Anyone know what's wrong? This is driving me crazy. Thanks,

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  • How to limit choice field options based on another choice field in django admin

    - by umnik700
    I have the following models: class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=40) class Item(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=40) category = models.ForeignKey(Category) class Demo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=40) category = models.ForeignKey(Category) item = models.ForeignKey(Item) In the admin interface when creating a new Demo, after user picks category from the dropdown, I would like to limit the number of choices in the "items" drop-down. If user selects another category then the item choices should update accordingly. I would like to limit item choices right on the client, before it even hits the form validation on the server. This is for usability, because the list of items could be 1000+ being able to narrow it down by category would help to make it more manageable. Is there a "django-way" of doing it or is custom JavaScript the only option here?

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  • Configuration files for C in linux

    - by James
    Hi, I have an executable that run time should take configuration parameters from a script file. This way I dont need to re-compile the code for every configuration change. Right now I have all the configuration values in a .h file. Everytime I change it i need to re-compile. The platform is C, gcc under Linux. What is the best solution for this problem? I looked up on google and so XML, phthon and Lua bindings for C. Is using a separate scripting language the best approach? If so, which one would you recommend for my need? Thanks

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  • SQL Alchemy MVC and cross controller joins

    - by Khorkrak
    When using SQL Alchemy for abstracting your data access layer and using controllers as the way to access objects from that abstraction layer, how should joins be handled? So for example, say you have an Orders controller class that manages Order objects such that it provides getOrder, saveOrder, etc methods and likewise a similar controller for User objects. First of all do you even need these controllers? Should you instead just treat SQL Alchemy as "the" thing for handling data access. Why bother with object oriented controller stuff there when you instead have a clean declarative way to obtain and persist objects without having to write SQL directly either. Well one reason could be that perhaps you may want to replace SQL Alchemy with direct SQL or Storm or whatever else. So having controller classes there to act as an intermediate layer helps limit what would need to change then. Anyway - back to the main question - so assuming you have these two controllers, now lets say you want the list of orders for a certain set of users meeting some criteria. How do you go about doing this? Generally you don't want the controllers crossing domains - the Orders controllers knows only about Orders and the User controller just about Users - they don't mess with each other. You also don't want to go fetch all the Users that match and then feed a big list of user ids to the Orders controller to go find the matching Orders. What's needed is a join. Here's where I'm stuck - that seems to mean either the controllers must cross domains or perhaps they should be done away with altogether and you simply do the join via SQL Alchemy directly and get the resulting User and / or Order objects as needed. Thoughts?

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  • Custom pyGTK button

    - by Wallter
    I would like to create a button that I can control the look of the button using pyGTK. How would I go about doing this? I would like to be able to point to a new image for each 'state' the button is in (i.e. Pressed, mouse over, normal...etc.)

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  • django admin site make CharField a PasswordInput

    - by Paul
    I have a Django site in which the site admin inputs their Twitter Username/Password in order to use the Twitter API. The Model is set up like this: class TwitterUser(models.Model): screen_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) password = models.CharField(max_length=255) def __unicode__(self): return self.screen_name I need the Admin site to display the password field as a password input, but can't seem to figure out how to do it. I have tried using a ModelAdmin class, a ModelAdmin with a ModelForm, but can't seem to figure out how to make django display that form as a password input...

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  • A graph-based tuple merge?

    - by user1644030
    I have paired values in tuples that are related matches (and technically still in CSV files). Neither of the paired values are necessarily unique. tupleAB = (A####, B###), (A###, B###), (A###, B###)... tupleBC = (B####, C###), (B###, C###), (B###, C###)... tupleAC = (A####, C###), (A###, C###), (A###, C###)... My ideal output would be a dictionary with a unique ID and a list of "reinforced" matches. The way I try to think about it is in a graph-based context. For example, if: tupleAB[x] = (A0001, B0012) tupleBC[y] = (B0012, C0230) tupleAC[z] = (A0001, C0230) This would produce: output = {uniquekey0001, [A0001, B0012, C0230]} Ideally, this would also be able to scale up to more than three tuples (for example, adding a "D" match that would result in an additional three tuples - AD, BD, and CD - and lists of four items long; and so forth). In regards to scaling up to more tuples, I am open to having "graphs" that aren't necessarily fully connected, i.e., every node connected to every other node. My hunch is that I could easily filter based on the list lengths. I am open to any suggestions. I think, with a few cups of coffee, I could work out a brute force solution, but I thought I'd ask the community if anyone was aware of a more elegant solution. Thanks for any feedback.

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  • How to exit an if clause

    - by Roman Stolper
    What sorts of methods exist for prematurely exiting an if clause? There are times when I'm writing code and want to put a break statement inside of an if clause, only to remember that those can only be used for loops. Lets take the following code as an example: if some_condition: ... if condition_a: # do something # and then exit the outer if block ... if condition_b: # do something # and then exit the outer if block # more code here I can think of one way to do this: assuming the exit cases happen within nested if statements, wrap the remaining code in a big else block. Example: if some_condition: ... if condition_a: # do something # and then exit the outer if block else: ... if condition_b: # do something # and then exit the outer if block else: # more code here The problem with this is that more exit locations mean more nesting/indented code. Alternatively, I could write my code to have the if clauses be as small as possible and not require any exits. Does anyone know of a good/better way to exit an if clause? If there are any associated else-if and else clauses, I figure that exiting would skip over them.

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