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• What is meant by 4 GL?

  - by Geek

  I came across the term 4GL(generation language) in reading about Oracle ADF Busniess components . I want to know what exactly is 4GL ? This is the actual quote from the book Oracle Fusion Guide: Oracle ADF Business Components is the business services layer of choice in Oracle Fusion application development. Compared to other persistence layers, ADF Business Components provides exceptional built-in business application functionality and maximally declarative experience that makes it a perfect match for those who seek an end-to-end fourth generation language (4GL) Java EE development architecture.

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• Django - how should I implement generic apps that have dependencies on other generic apps?

  - by MikeRand

  Hi all, I'm using Marty Alchin's Django app that creates historical records (add, change, delete) based on models found in other Django apps (found in chapter 11 of Pro Django). Question: how do I implement this historical_records app into my other generic Django apps while still maintaining loose coupling? For example, I have a generic app (forecast) that manages a Forecast (of any other model). For one project, I'd like to use historical_records so that I can track changes to a Forecast instance. But I don't want to require all future projects that might want to use forecast to also use historical_records. Any guidance would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, Mike

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• Designing a system with different business rules for different customers

  - by user1595846

  My company is rewriting our proprietary business application. The current architecture is poorly done and inflexible. It is coded more procedural oriented as opposed to object oriented. It has become difficult to maintain. Our system is a web application written in .Net Webforms. I am considering ASP.Net MVC for the rewrite. We intend to rewrite it with a good, solid architecture with the goal of maintainability and reusable classes for some of our other systems and services. We would also like the system to be customizable for different customers in the event that we market the system. I am considering redesigning the system based on the layered architecture (Presentation, Business, Data Access layers) described in the Microsoft Patterns and Practices Application Architecture Guide. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff650706.aspx Hopefully this isn't too open ended, but how would you recommend allowing for different business logic/rules for different customers? I'm aware of Windows Workflow Foundation, but from what I've read about it, it seems many business rules could be too complicated to handle there. Also, Can anyone point me to where I can download an example of a .net solution that is based on the Application Architecture Guide? I have already downloaded the Layered Architecture Solution Guidance and the Expense Sample on codeplex. I was looking for something a bit larger and more robust that I could step through the code and see how it works. If you feel there are better architectures to base our redesign on please feel free to share. I appreciate your help!

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• Should package structure closely resemble class hierarchy?

  - by Panzercrisis

  Pretty simple question. Should package structure closely resemble class hierarchy? If so, how closely? Why or why not? For instance, let's say you've got class A and class B, plus class AFactory and class BFactory. You put class A and class B in the package com.something.elements, and you put AFactory and BFactory in com.something.elements.factories. AFactory and BFactory would be further down the hierarchy package-wise, but they'd be further up class-wise. Is this sort of thing a good idea or a bad idea?

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• How to unit test models in MVC / MVR app?

  - by BBnyc

  I'm building a node.js web app and am trying to do so for the first time in a test driven fashion. I'm using nodeunit for testing, which I find allows me to write tests quickly and painlessly. In this particular app, the heavy lifting primarily involves translating SQL data into complex Javascript object and serving them to the front-end via json. Likewise, the app also spends a great deal of code validating and translating complex, multidimensional Javascript objects it receives from the front-end into SQL rows. Hence I have used a fat model design for the app -- most of the real code resides in the models, where the data translation happens. What's the best approach to test such models with unit tests? I mean in particular the methods that have create javascript objects from the SQL rows and serve them to the front-end. Right now what I'm doing is making particular requests of my models with the unit tests and checking the returned data for all of the fields that should be there. However I have a suspicion that this is not the most robust kind of testing I could be doing. My current testing design also means I have to package my app code with some dummy data so that my tests can anticipate the kind of data that the app should be returning when tests run.

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• Avoiding "double" subscriptions

  - by john smith

  I am working on a website that requires a bit of marketing; let me explain. This website is offering a single, say, iTunes 50$ voucher to a lucky winner. To be entered in the draw, you need to invite (and has to join) at least one friend to the website. Pretty straightforward. Now, of course it would be easy for anyone to just create a fake account and invite that account so, I was thinking of some other way to somehow find out of possible cheating. I was thinking of an IP check on the newly subscribed (invited) user, and if there is the same IP logged in the last 24 hours, and if that's the case, investigate more about it. But I was thinking that maybe there is a more clever way around this issue. Has anyone ever though about this? What other solutions did you try? Thanks in advance.

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• International Pricing of Software [closed]

  - by arachnode.net

  I operate a small company that charges $99 for a piece of software. I'd like to know what would be a fair price for non-US customers. Today I sold a license to a party in South Africa. He told me he had been watching the project for two years while business justification could be made for the purchase as SA's currency is nine times weaker than the US dollar. I found this resource detailing how much a Big Mac costs in various countries: http://howmuchatyourplace.com/how_much_does/Big%20Mac_cost.php I realize that the cost of producing a Big Mac varies from locale to locale as does the demand for one. I am aware that many software companies charge prices in local currencies that equate to the price in US dollars. I am aware that my costs remain fixed, and I obviously I cannot discount the rate at which my time costs me. I'm OK with earning less per sale as I would rather get my software onto the desktops of those that need it rather than having them try to write it themselves. Support is light and I can usually point a user to an existing blog or forum post. Being a resident of Hawaii, I am aware that certain goods and services cost more here. Power is up to six times as much per KWH as it is in, say, Seattle, and wages are approximately 60% of what they are for my profession (programmer). I'd like to offer my software at a price that would be fair for everyone around the globe. If a currency is 2 foreign units to 1 US dollar, and goods and services cost 50% more and pay for an equivalent job is 50% of what it is here, should I charge, say, $50 instead of $99? Is there a resource which would allow me to input a price in US dollars and adjust for a list of international locations?

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• Stuff to read up on pricing applications

  - by tux91

  I'm about to release an app and I have no idea what would be the ideal pricing point. I'm not sure how pricing high and selling few copies will compare in revenue to pricing low and selling lots of copies in my case. Can somebody point me to books/articles/blog posts/etc that elaborate on the subject, preferably taking into account stuff like competition, number of features, being the first one to the market, research if this kind of app is even needed, etc?

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• Who owns the code, who owns the algorithm, who owns the idea?

  - by Vorac

  This question got me thinking what products of the programming effort belong to the employer, and what don't. The two extremes are (0) the code - it apparently belongs to the employer and (1) the learned personal and technical skills. But what is in between? Who owns the pseudocode/algorithm? Who owns the general idea of the algorithm? Who owns the know-how that such an algorithm may serve some useful purpose (e.g. on this site questions are values, as well as answers)? Also: Who owns an idea on the web?

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• Next steps for Asp.Net C# developer (RoR vs Python Django vs PhP Drupal)

  - by ProfessorB

  A majority of my web development experience has been on the .Net stack (mainly Asp.net C#). I am looking to learn something new in my spare time, for the use of personal projects and possibly for use professionally (as an ISV). I know some Python, done some scripting with it in the past, nothing on the web though. Php has been around for a long time and RoR has gained a lot of popularity. Are there any developers from the .NET world that have migrated over to one or more of the other platforms? If so, which do you prefer and why? Which would you suggest and why?

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• What is an effective way to organize tasks for a new project?

  - by Dulan

  Is there a practical solution to organizing the initial tasks for a new project? To elaborate, imagine the features/stories/goals are laid out for a project. How might one go about organizing those into sane tasks for the first few versions? The scenario I typically have in mind has the features listed as a high-level reference for what the end user-experience should involve. The tasks for constructing such features are then broken down into chunks (such as "create interface for X component"). Such a task is not necessarily "tied" to only that feature and may be useful when building subsequent features. Is breaking features down into small, code-able solutions valid? Or should they be slightly removed from any specific implementation? I do not expect that there is one "right" answer to this question, but I am looking for a fairly pragmatic and unobtrusive approach. As a note, I'm looking for solutions that are independent of any tools or "systems" used for managing the tasks themselves.

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• When is it time to start afresh instead of trying to rewrite the existing project?

  - by gablin

  As projects grow and age and new features are introduced, there may come a time when it's probably better to start anew. Some features may require so much rewriting that it would be easier (and maybe faster) to just rewrite the whole thing from scratch. Also, then you have the opportunity to apply what you've learned from the first project and thus improve the code and design of the successor. Is there a way of recognizing when this time is? Is it just a gut feeling, or could you say that "after x years, you probably should start over", or some other rule of thumb?

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• unit testing on ARM

  - by NomadAlien

  We are developing application level code that runs on an ARM processor. The BSP (low level code) is being delivered by a 3d party so our code sits just on top of this abstraction layer (code is written in c++). To do unit testing, I assume we will have to mock/stub out the BSP library(essentially abstracting out the HW), but what I'm not sure of is if I write/run the unit test on my pc, do I compile it with for example GCC? Normally we use Realview compiler to compile our code for the ARM. Can I assume that if I compile and run the code with x86 compiler and the unit tests pass that it will also pass when compiled with RealView compiler? I'm not sure how much difference the compiler makes and if you can trust that if the x86 compiled code pass the unit tests that you can also be confident that the Realview compiled code is ok.

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• Java Error Using Loops [migrated]

  - by Shaun

  I am facing a error in Java using the method Loops. I am a basic user learning Java and I am following a book with teaches you the basics of Java. I have this problem when I use this code in my Java Program. It gives me an red line under my code. Here's my code: public class Game{ public static void main(String[] args){ for (int dex = 0; dex < 1000; dex++) { if (dex % 12 == 0) { System.out.println(“#: “ + dex); } } } } I have been following the tutorials correctly. I am a bit lost where I have gone or done wrong. I have my public static codes and such as you'd require in any Java programming. Here's are the error given): Cannot resolve method: 'Println(? , ?)' Expression expected ',' or ')' expected Unexpected Token ';' expected

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• Earliest use of Comments as Semantically Meaningful Things in a Program?

  - by Alan Storm

  In certain corners of the PHP meta-programming world, it's become fashionable to use PHPDoc comments as a mechanism for providing semantically meaningful information to a program. That is, other code will parse the doc blocks and do something significant with the information encoded in those comments. Doctrine's annotations and code generation are an example of this. What's the earliest (or some early) use of this technique? I have vague memories of some early java Design by Contract implementations doing similar things, but I'm not sure of those folks were inventing the technique, or if they got it from somewhere. Mainly asking so I can provide some historical context for PHP developers who haven't come across the technique before, and are distrustful of it because it seems a little crazy pants.

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• Serializing network messages

  - by mtsvetkov

  I am writing a network wrapper around boost::asio and was wondering what is a good and simple way to serialize my messages. I have a message factory which can take care of dispatching the data to the correct builder, but I want to know if there are any established solutions for getting the binary data on the sender side and consequently passing the data for deserialization on the receiver end. Some options I've explored are: passing a pointer to a char[] to the serialize/deserialize functions (for serialize to write to, and deserialize to read from), but it's difficult to enforce buffer size this way; building on that, I decided to have the serialize function return a boost::asio::mutable_buffer, however ownership of the memory gets blurred between multiple classes, as the network wrapper needs to clean up the memory allocated by the message builder. I have also seen solutions involving streambuf's and stringstream's, but manipulating binary data in terms of its string representation is something I want to avoid. Is there some sort of binary stream I can use instead? What I am looking for is a solution (preferrably using boost libs) that lets the message builder dictate the amount of memory allocated during serialization and what that would look like in terms of passing the data around between the wrapper and message factory/message builders. PS. Messages contain almost exclusively built-in types and PODs and form a shallow but wide hierarchy for the sake of going through a factory. Note: a link to examples of using boost::serialization for something like this would be appreciated as I'm having difficulties figuring out the relation between it and buffers.

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• Is ICCP certification valuable for a programming career?

  - by HerbN

  In looking at various professional societies the AITP lead me indirectly to the ICCP Certified Computer Programmer certification (and others from the ICCP). I had never heard of this program, but both the AITP and, more significantly to me, ACM have members on the ICCP board. Is anyone familiar with this certification? The webpage isn't confidence inspiring to be honest, but looking at it the program seems aimed at those in the Fortune 1000 internal software world. Anyone ICCP certified in some way? Does it make a positive different for a career in software development?

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• Start building websites using Java

  - by Alex coady

  I'm a web developer and I've used PHP, along with MySQL, Javascript, jQuery etc; all of which I'm very confident with and can use on a professional level. What I'm wanting to do however, is to start using Java instead of PHP as I'm creating sites that need to be scalable. I really need a starting point. I can program in Java, I understand the language but have never used it for the web. Links, tutorials, examples would be a great help. I have also considered using Scala (the language Twitter is written in).. but don't really understand the benefits. Please no jargon; I need clear information that essentially takes me through the process of creating a very simple website using Java; I'm more than capable of building the site once that's done.. I think. I've previously used Eclipse so if assume I can. Thanks in advance!

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• Does this factory method pattern example violate open-close?

  - by William

  In Head-First Design Patterns, they use a pizza shop example to demonstrate the factory method pattern. public abstract class PizzaStore { public Pizza orderPizza(String type) { Pizza pizza; pizza = createPizza(type); pizza.prepare(); pizza.bake(); pizza.cut(); pizza.box(); return pizza; } abstract Pizza createPizza(String type) } public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore { Pizza createPizza(String item) { if (item.equals("cheese") { return new NYStyleCheesePizza(); } else if (item.equals("veggie")) { return new NYStyleVeggiePizza(); } else if (item.equals("clam")) { return new NYStyleClamPizza(); } else if (item.equals("pepperoni")) { return new NYStylePepperioniPizza(); } else return null; } } I don't understand how this pattern is not violating open-close. What if we require a beef Pizza, then we must edit the if statement in the NYPizzaStore class.

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• Ways to find a tutor for 1st year University student

  - by Craig H

  I tried searching here (and SO) without much luck. I also stared at the yellow box to the right and think this question is relatively on topic and can be answered. A co-worker asked me if I had any suggestions for how to find a tutor for his son. In this specific case, it was for Eclipse and Java, but it got me thinking about good general strategies one could use in situations like this. He preferred a local 1-to-1, but I suppose online might be a reasonable (or perhaps more likely) alternative. Any suggested strategies?

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• Should I learn GWT (I'm a Java newb) if I eventually want to learn JavaScript and related libraries?

  - by Aaron

  I haven't been working with Java for a long time, and I found GWT to be interesting plus a chance to learn and practice Java. My goal for this year is to learn JavaScript. I'm very interested in HTML5, browser extensions and other cool stuff that JavaScript can do. I think I'm more interested in this than Java at the moment (that's not to say I dislike or would discontinue working with Java) but I would like advice as to whether it's a good idea to proceed with learning GWT (given my interest in JavaScript) or to spend my time learning other Java technology. Thank you.

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• Performing a Depth First Search iteratively using async/parallel processing?

  - by Prabhu

  Here is a method that does a DFS search and returns a list of all items given a top level item id. How could I modify this to take advantage of parallel processing? Currently, the call to get the sub items is made one by one for each item in the stack. It would be nice if I could get the sub items for multiple items in the stack at the same time, and populate my return list faster. How could I do this (either using async/await or TPL, or anything else) in a thread safe manner? private async Task<IList<Item>> GetItemsAsync(string topItemId) { var items = new List<Item>(); var topItem = await GetItemAsync(topItemId); Stack<Item> stack = new Stack<Item>(); stack.Push(topItem); while (stack.Count > 0) { var item = stack.Pop(); items.Add(item); var subItems = await GetSubItemsAsync(item.SubId); foreach (var subItem in subItems) { stack.Push(subItem); } } return items; } I was thinking of something along these lines, but it's not coming together: var tasks = stack.Select(async item => { items.Add(item); var subItems = await GetSubItemsAsync(item.SubId); foreach (var subItem in subItems) { stack.Push(subItem); } }).ToList(); if (tasks.Any()) await Task.WhenAll(tasks); The language I'm using is C#.

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• Is adding in the header the license type enough to say: "my code is licensed"?

  - by silverfox

  I read on various sites about licenses. I did just put the license type in the header file (in my case a javascript file, open-source): /* * "codeName" "version" * http://officialsite.com/ * * Copyright 2012 "codeName" * Released under the "LICENSE NAME" license * http://officialsite.com/LICENSE NAME */ javascript code ... In the same folder I leave a copy of the license. The listing of the folder looks like this: * codeName.js * LICENSE In the file LICENSE is the full text of the license my code uses. What I cannot find anywhere that says is this is enough to say my code is licensed (the case of open-source). Is something more required?

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• And at what point of modification to the original does source code with no license become owned by me?

  - by nathansizemore

  I've recently come across a publicly viewable project on Github that has no license associated with it. In this repo, there is a file with the logic and most of the code needed to work as a piece of a project I am working on. Not verbatim, but about 60% of it I'd like to use with various modifications. Once my code base is a little bit more stable, I plan to release what I've done under the WTFPL License. I've emailed the repo owner, and so far have not gotten a reply. I know I have the rights to fork the repo, but if I release a stripped down and modified version of the other project's file with mine, under the WTFPL, am I infringing on copyrights? Per Github's Terms of Service, by submitted a project on Github and making it viewable to the public, you are allowing other users to see and fork your project. Doesn't say anything about modifying, distributing, or using the fork. And at what point of modification to the original does it become owned by me?

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• How to do lazy loading in a SOA fashion?

  - by sun1991

  For example, I've got a root object exposed in a SOA service, say Invoice (Invoice has line items as children). Sometimes, I need to retrieve its detail line items. I'm thinking to make it lazy loading, because it's a traffic overhead to transfer line items every time Invoice is required. But in SOA fashion, it seems unlikely. Because all it can expose are Invoice POCOs, with contain no logic. Thus I cannot attach my lazy loading logic to Invoice to instruct it to load lines items when needed.

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