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  • Joining different models in Django

    - by Andrew Roberts
    Let's say I have this data model: class Workflow(models.Model): ... class Command(models.Model): workflow = models.ForeignKey(Workflow) ... class Job(models.Model): command = models.ForeignKey(Command) ... Suppose somewhere I want to loop through all the Workflow objects, and for each workflow I want to loop through its Commands, and for each Command I want to loop through each Job. Is there a way to structure this with a single query? That is, I'd like Workflow.objects.all() to join in its dependent models, so I get a collection that has dependent objects already cached, so workflows[0].command_set.get() doesn't produce an additional query. Is this possible?

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  • Condition checking vs. Exception handling

    - by Aidas Bendoraitis
    When is exception handling more preferable than condition checking? There are many situations where I can choose using one or the other. For example, this is a summing function which uses a custom exception: # module mylibrary class WrongSummand(Exception): pass def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands of the same type """ if type(a) != type(b): raise WrongSummand("given arguments are not of the same type") return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_, WrongSummand try: print sum_("A", 5) except WrongSummand: print "wrong arguments" And this is the same function, which avoids using exceptions # module mylibrary def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands if they are both of the same type """ if type(a) == type(b): return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_ c = sum_("A", 5) if c is not None: print c else: print "wrong arguments" I think that using conditions is always more readable and manageable. Or am I wrong? What are the proper cases for defining APIs which raise exceptions and why?

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  • Datastore query outputting for Django form instance

    - by Jelle
    Hello! I'm using google appengine and Django. I'm using de djangoforms module and wanted to specify the form instance with the information that comes from the query below. userquery = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM User WHERE googleaccount = :1", users.get_current_user()) form = forms.AccountForm(data=request.POST or None,instance=?????) I've found a snippet in a sample app that does this trick, but I can't modify it to work with the query I need. gift = User.get(db.Key.from_path(User.kind(), int(gift_id))) if gift is None: return http.HttpResponseNotFound('No gift exists with that key (%r)' % gift_id) form = RegisterForm(data=request.POST or None, instance=gift) Could anyone help me?

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  • Scrapy Not Returning Additonal Info from Scraped Link in Item via Request Callback

    - by zoonosis
    Basically the code below scrapes the first 5 items of a table. One of the fields is another href and clicking on that href provides more info which I want to collect and add to the original item. So parse is supposed to pass the semi populated item to parse_next_page which then scrapes the next bit and should return the completed item back to parse Running the code below only returns the info collected in parse If I change the return items to return request I get a completed item with all 3 "things" but I only get 1 of the rows, not all 5. Im sure its something simple, I just can't see it. class ThingSpider(BaseSpider): name = "thing" allowed_domains = ["somepage.com"] start_urls = [ "http://www.somepage.com" ] def parse(self, response): hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) items = [] for x in range (1,6): item = ScrapyItem() str_selector = '//tr[@name="row{0}"]'.format(x) item['thing1'] = hxs.select(str_selector")]/a/text()').extract() item['thing2'] = hxs.select(str_selector")]/a/@href').extract() print 'hello' request = Request("www.nextpage.com", callback=self.parse_next_page,meta={'item':item}) print 'hello2' request.meta['item'] = item items.append(item) return items def parse_next_page(self, response): print 'stuff' hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) item = response.meta['item'] item['thing3'] = hxs.select('//div/ul/li[1]/span[2]/text()').extract() return item

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  • Execute function without sending 'self' to it

    - by Sergey
    Is that possible to define a function without referencing to self this way? def myfunc(var_a,var_b) But so that it could also get sender data, like if I defined it like this: def myfunc(self, var_a,var_b) That self is always the same so it looks a little redundant here always to run a function this way: myfunc(self,'data_a','data_b'). Then I would like to get its data in the function like this sender.fields. UPDATE: Here is some code to understand better what I mean. The class below is used to show a page based on Jinja2 templates engine for users to sign up. class SignupHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, *args, **kwargs): utils.render_template(self, 'signup.html') And this code below is a render_template that I created as wrapper to Jinja2 functions to use it more conveniently in my project: def render_template(response, template_name, vars=dict(), is_string=False): template_dirs = [os.path.join(root(), 'templates')] logging.info(template_dirs[0]) env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)) try: template = env.get_template(template_name) except TemplateNotFound: raise TemplateNotFound(template_name) content = template.render(vars) if is_string: return content else: response.response.out.write(content) As I use this function render_template very often in my project and usually the same way, just with different template files, I wondered if there was a way to get rid of having to call it like I do it now, with self as the first argument but still having access to that object.

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  • Unable to control requests for static files on Google App Engine

    - by dan
    My simple GAE app is not redirecting to the /static directory for requests when url is multiple levels. Dir structure: /app/static/css/main.css App: I have two handlers one for /app and one for /app/new app.yaml: handlers: - url: /static static_dir: static - url: /app/static/(.*) static_dir: static\1 - url: /app/.* script: app.py login: required HTML: Description: When page is loaded from /app HTTP request for main.css is successful GET /static/css/main.css But when page is loaded from /app/new I see the following request: GET /app/static/css/main.cs That's when I tried adding the /app/static/(.*) in the app.yaml but it is not having any effect.

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  • Find subset with K elements that are closest to eachother

    - by Nima
    Given an array of integers size N, how can you efficiently find a subset of size K with elements that are closest to each other? Let the closeness for a subset (x1,x2,x3,..xk) be defined as: 2 <= N <= 10^5 2 <= K <= N constraints: Array may contain duplicates and is not guaranteed to be sorted. My brute force solution is very slow for large N, and it doesn't check if there's more than 1 solution: N = input() K = input() assert 2 <= N <= 10**5 assert 2 <= K <= N a = [] for i in xrange(0, N): a.append(input()) a.sort() minimum = sys.maxint startindex = 0 for i in xrange(0,N-K+1): last = i + K tmp = 0 for j in xrange(i, last): for l in xrange(j+1, last): tmp += abs(a[j]-a[l]) if(tmp > minimum): break if(tmp < minimum): minimum = tmp startindex = i #end index = startindex + K? Examples: N = 7 K = 3 array = [10,100,300,200,1000,20,30] result = [10,20,30] N = 10 K = 4 array = [1,2,3,4,10,20,30,40,100,200] result = [1,2,3,4]

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  • Problem bounding name to a class in Django

    - by martinthenext
    Hello! I've got a view function that has to decide which form to use depending on some conditions. The two forms look like that: class OpenExtraForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Extra def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(OpenExtraForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['opening_challenge'].label = "lame translation" def clean_opening_challenge(self): challenge = self.cleaned_data['opening_challenge'] if challenge is None: raise forms.ValidationError('??????? ???, ??????????? ?????? ???. ???????????') return challenge class HiddenExtraForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Extra exclude = ('opening_challenge') def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(HiddenExtraForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) The view code goes like that: @login_required def manage_extra(request, extra_id=None, hidden=False): if not_admin(request.user): raise Http404 if extra_id is None: # Adding a new extra extra = Extra() if hidden: FormClass = HiddenExtraForm else: FormClass = OpenExtraForm else: # Editing an extra extra = get_object_or_404(Extra, pk=extra_id) if extra.is_hidden(): FromClass = HiddenExtraForm else: FormClass = OpenExtraForm if request.POST: form = FormClass(request.POST, instance=extra) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse(view_extra, args=[extra.id])) else: form = FormClass(instance=extra) return render_to_response('form.html', { 'form' : form, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request) ) The problem is somehow if extra.is_hidden() returns True, the statement FromClass = HiddenExtraForm doesn't work. I mean, in all other conditions that are used in the code it works fine: the correct Form classes are intantiated and it all works. But if extra.is_hidden(), the debugger shows that the condition is passed and it goes to the next line and does nothing! As a result I get a UnboundLocalVar error which says FormClass hasn't been asssigned at all. Any ideas on what's happening?

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  • initialize a numpy array

    - by Curious2learn
    Is there way to initialize a numpy array of a shape and add to it? I will explain what I need with a list example. If I want to create a list of objects generated in a loop, I can do: a = [] for i in range(5): a.append(i) I want to do something similar with a numpy array. I know about vstack, concatenate etc. However, it seems these require two numpy arrays as inputs. What I need is: big_array # Initially empty. This is where I don't know what to specify for i in range(5): array i of shape = (2,4) created. add to big_array The big_array should have a shape (10,4). How to do this? Thanks for your help.

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  • Splitting a person's name into forename and surname

    - by Nick
    ok so basically I am asking the question of their name I want this to be one input rather than Forename and Surname. Now is there any way of splitting this name? and taking just the last word from the "Sentence" e.g. name = "Thomas Winter" print name.split() and what would be output is just "Winter"

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  • Should I use fork or threads?

    - by shadyabhi
    In my script, I have a function foo which basically uses pynotify to notify user about something repeatedly after a time interval say 15 minutes. def foo: while True: """Does something""" time.sleep(900) My main script has to interact with user & does all other things so I just cant call the foo() function. directly. Whats the better way of doing it and why? Using fork or threads?

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  • Import boto from local library

    - by ensnare
    I'm trying to use boto as a downloaded library, rather than installing it globally on my machine. I'm able to import boto, but when I run boto.connect_dynamodb() I get an error: ImportError: No module named dynamodb.layer2 Here's my file structure: project/ project/ __init__.py libraries/ __init__.py flask/ boto/ views/ .... modules/ __init__.py db.py .... templates/ .... static/ .... runserver.py And the contents of the relevant files as follows: project/project/modules/db.py from project.libraries import boto conn = boto.connect_dynamodb( aws_access_key_id='<YOUR_AWS_KEY_ID>', aws_secret_access_key='<YOUR_AWS_SECRET_KEY>') What am I doing wrong? Thanks in advance.

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  • A graph-based tuple merge?

    - by user1644030
    I have paired values in tuples that are related matches (and technically still in CSV files). Neither of the paired values are necessarily unique. tupleAB = (A####, B###), (A###, B###), (A###, B###)... tupleBC = (B####, C###), (B###, C###), (B###, C###)... tupleAC = (A####, C###), (A###, C###), (A###, C###)... My ideal output would be a dictionary with a unique ID and a list of "reinforced" matches. The way I try to think about it is in a graph-based context. For example, if: tupleAB[x] = (A0001, B0012) tupleBC[y] = (B0012, C0230) tupleAC[z] = (A0001, C0230) This would produce: output = {uniquekey0001, [A0001, B0012, C0230]} Ideally, this would also be able to scale up to more than three tuples (for example, adding a "D" match that would result in an additional three tuples - AD, BD, and CD - and lists of four items long; and so forth). In regards to scaling up to more tuples, I am open to having "graphs" that aren't necessarily fully connected, i.e., every node connected to every other node. My hunch is that I could easily filter based on the list lengths. I am open to any suggestions. I think, with a few cups of coffee, I could work out a brute force solution, but I thought I'd ask the community if anyone was aware of a more elegant solution. Thanks for any feedback.

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  • Content-Length header not returned from Pylons response

    - by Evgeny
    I'm still struggling to Stream a file to the HTTP response in Pylons. In addition to the original problem, I'm finding that I cannot return the Content-Length header, so that for large files the client cannot estimate how long the download will take. I've tried response.content_length = 12345 and I've tried response.headers['Content-Length'] = 12345 In both cases the HTTP response (viewed in Fiddler) simply does not contain the Content-Length header. How do I get Pylons to return this header? (Oh, and if you have any ideas on making it stream the file please reply to the original question - I'm all out of ideas there.)

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  • Getting a specific bit value in a byte string

    - by ignoramus
    There is a byte at a specific index in a byte string which represents eight flags; one flag per bit in the byte. If a flag is set, its corresponding bit is 1, otherwise its 0. For example, if I've got b'\x21' the flags would be 0001 0101 # Three flags are set at indexes 3, 5 and 7 # and the others are not set What would be the best way to get each bit value in that byte, so I know whether a particular flag is set or not? (Preferably using bitwise operations)

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  • Send a "304 Not Modified" for images stored in the datastore

    - by Emilien
    I store user-uploaded images in the Google App Engine datastore as db.Blob, as proposed in the docs. I then serve those images on /images/<id>.jpg. The server always sends a 200 OK response, which means that the browser has to download the same image multiple time (== slower) and that the server has to send the same image multiple times (== more expensive). As most of those images will likely never change, I'd like to be able to send a 304 Not Modified response. I am thinking about calculating some kind of hash of the picture when the user uploads it, and then use this to know if the user already has this image (maybe send the hash as an Etag?) I have found this answer and this answer that explain the logic pretty well, but I have 2 questions: Is it possible to send an Etag in Google App Engine? Has anyone implemented such logic, and/or is there any code snippet available?

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  • how to pass in dynamic data to decorators

    - by steve
    Hi, I am trying to write a base crud controller class that does the following: class BaseCrudController: model = "" field_validation = {} template_dir = "" @expose(self.template_dir) def new(self, *args, **kwargs) .... @validate(self.field_validation, error_handler=new) @expose() def post(self, *args, **kwargs): ... My intent is to have my controllers extend this base class, set the model, field_validation, and template locations, and am ready to go. Unfortunately, decorators (to my understanding), are interpreted when the function is defined. Hence it won't have access to instance's value. Is there a way to pass in dynamic data or values from the sub class? If not, I guess I could use override_template as a workaround to expose and set the template within the controller action. How would I go about validating the form within the controller action? Thanks, Steve

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  • Creating a structure from bytes with ctypes and IronPython

    - by Adal
    I have the following CPython code which I now try to run in IronPython: import ctypes class BarHeader(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [ ("id", ctypes.c_char * 4), ("version", ctypes.c_uint32)] bar_file = open("data.bar", "rb") header_raw = bar_file.read(ctypes.sizeof(BarHeader)) header = BarHeader.from_buffer_copy(header_raw) The last line raises this exception: TypeError: expected array, got str I tried BarHeader.from_buffer_copy(bytes(header_raw)) instead of the above, but then the exception message changes to TypeError: expected array, got bytes. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

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  • How to install Visual Python in Ubuntu 10.04? [closed]

    - by Glen
    I am trying to do a Physics problem in python. I need to install visual python because I get the error that it can't find the visual library when I type import visual from * The documentation on the Visual Python site is totally useless. I have gone into synaptic package manger and installed python-visual. But I still get the same error. Can someone please help?

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  • How do I use django settings in my logging.ini file?

    - by slypete
    I have a BASE_DIR setting in my settings.py file: BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) I need to use this variable in my logging.ini file to setup my file handler paths. The initialization of logging happens in the same file, the settings.py file, below my BASE_DIR variable: LOG_INIT_DONE=False if not LOG_INIT_DONE: logging.config.fileConfig(LOGGING_INI) LOG_INIT_DONE=True Thanks, Pete

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  • Duplicate django query set?

    - by Piotr Czapla
    I have a simple django's query set like: qs = AModel.objects.exclude(state="F").order_by("order") I'd like to use it as follows: qs[0:3].update(state='F') expected = qs[3] # throws error here But last statement throws: "Cannot update a query once a slice has been taken." How can I duplicate the query set?

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  • How to extend the comments framework (django) by removing unnecesary fields?

    - by Ignacio
    Hi, I've been reading on the django docs about the comments framework and how to customize it (http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.1/ref/contrib/comments/custom/) In that page, it shows how to add new fields to a form. But what I want to do is to remove unnecesary fields, like URL, email (amongst other minor mods.) On that same doc page it says the way to go is to extend my custom comments class from BaseCommentAbstractModel, but that's pretty much it, I've come so far and now I'm at a loss. I couldn't find anything on this specific aspect.

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