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  • What useful things can one add to one's .bashrc?

    - by gyaresu
    Is there anything that you can't live without and will make my life SO much easier? Here are some that I use ('diskspace' & 'folders' are particularly handy). # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CFlh' alias woo='fortune' alias lsd="ls -alF | grep /$" # This is GOLD for finding out what is taking so much space on your drives! alias diskspace="du -S | sort -n -r |more" # Command line mplayer movie watching for the win. alias mp="mplayer -fs" # Show me the size (sorted) of only the folders in this directory alias folders="find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print | xargs du -sk | sort -rn" # This will keep you sane when you're about to smash the keyboard again. alias frak="fortune" # This is where you put your hand rolled scripts (remember to chmod them) PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"

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  • VPN on a ubuntu server limited to certain ips

    - by Hultner
    I got an server running Ubuntu Server 9.10 and I need access to it and other parts of my network sometimes when not at home. There's two places I need to access the VPN from. One of the places to an static IP and the other got an dynamic but with DynDNS setup so I can always get the current IP if I want to. Now when it comes to servers people call me kinda paranoid but security is always my number one priority and I never like to allow access to the server outside the network therefor I have two things I have to have on this VPN. One it shouldn't be accessiable from any other IP then these 2 and two it has to use a very secure key so it will be virtually impossible to bruteforce even from the said IP´s. I have no experience what so ever in setting up VPNs, I have used SSH tunneling but never an actuall VPN. So what would be the best, most stable, safest and performance effiecent way to set this up on a Ubuntu Server? Is it possible or should I just set up some kind of SSH Tunnel instead? Thanks on beforehand for answers.

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  • How can I get Gnome-Do to open in multiple X Screens?

    - by btelles
    Hi, I LOVE Gnome-Do (the Ubuntu version of QuickSilver). The only thing is that I have several monitors, which are all completely separate X Screens (I.E. I can't move windows between them), and Gnome-Do will only open in ONE of those monitors. If I go to Monitor/Screen #2 and press Super+Space, the Gnome-Do window appears in the first monitor. Is it possible to get a separate Instance of Gnome-Do on each Screen? P.S. Using profiles may be a work-around...I've managed to get multiple instances of Firefox by using "firefox -P my_first_screen"...anything like that available in Gnome-do?

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  • How do ALSA and PulseAudio relate?

    - by Hanno Fietz
    While trying to get my sound to work, I was wondering about the roles of ALSA and PulseAudio. I have both installed and was wondering, for example, which of them needs to know about my sound card. Both seem to be able to use each other, there's a pulseaudio plugin for ALSA, and on my system, alsa shows up as a sound card in pulseaudio. Which of the two does what, are they alternatives or complementary?

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  • Any way to program a system which automatically restores home / sql database

    - by Mirage
    I have made two shell scripts Script 1: It does all Home directory backups with name username_home_date.tar.gz Script 2: It does SQL backups of all sites every 3 hrs. username_databse_date.sql.gz Now currently if I want to restore the site, I have to copy the tar file to /home/username and then untar there with all the permissions as well and then manually import the database. Is there any way (for instance a program, system or script) that I can just select which backup I want to restore and do automatically? Maybe like a cPanel addon thing.

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  • Large file copy from NFS to local disk performance drop

    - by Bernhard
    I'm trying to copy a 200GB file from an NFS mount to a local disk. The local disk is an XFS filesystem on a LVM on top of a RAID 5 system (hardware RAID controler). I'm using rsync to monitor the transfer speed. At the beginning the IO speed is about 200MB/s, stable for the first 18GB. But then the performance drops by a factor of 10-20 and never recovers to the initial rate. Sometimes it reaches about 50-100MB/s but just for a few seconds and then the process seems to hang for a bit. At the same time all file-stat operations on the target filesystem are blocking for a long time (minutes). Also interrupting the copy process blocks for several minutes, a sub-sequent delete of the partly copied file takes also several minutes. Any ideas what could be causing this?

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  • Create kickstart configuration file from existing configuration.

    - by ÜMineiro
    Is there a script or another way to automatically generate a kickstart configuration file from the system state of an existing server so that the file can be use to replicate (not clone) the configuration of the system in another install? I know that the anaconda-ks.cfg file is stored on the /root dir. but the system in question have been extensively changed since it's installation, and the file is of no use now.

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  • Webcam microphone input in Gnome/pulseaudio

    - by sdaau
    Just got a "Trust" webcam, which gets recognized on my Ubuntu Lucid. It has a built in microphone - which also gets recognized - however, I cannot really get it to act as the system microphone input? Here are some screenshots of what is shown by gnome-volume-control: The default window shows Trust webcam - which has two profiles: "Analog Mono Input" and "Off" - of course, I have it on "Analog Mono Input": However, on the "Input" tab - there is no matching "device for sound input" - neither a matching connector: Then I installed pavucontrol - but that doesn't show that much more; it tells first that gnome-volume-control reads from "Internal Audio Analog Stereo": Then in "Input devices" tab, there is again nothing resembling the mic input from webcam: Finally, under "Configuration" tab, the "Trust" webcam shows, but even if its profile is on "Analog Mono Input", nothing much happens:   So, does anyone know how I could get this webcam microphone to be recognized as the system input? Many thanks in advance for any answers, Cheers!

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  • Why does my Mac address reset after reconnecting?

    - by Mr.Student
    I have ubuntu 12. I'm changing my mac address with ifconfig wlan0 hw ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx which works. However when I restart my connection my computer resets my mac to my original mac address. I'm guessing that this happens because something calls... ifconfig wlan0 down ... do something before connecting ifconfig wlan0 up ... connect to designated access point I want my mac address to however be the same no matter how many times I disconnect and reconnect, whether to another network or the same one. Also it would be nice to turn off the auto-connect feature for my network-manager with out having to edit each individual connection. Lastly I would like to know how to connect to a wifi network through the terminal and not via gui network manager ubuntu provides.

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  • How can I flush my ssh keys on power management activity?

    - by Sam Halicke
    Hi all, Using ssh-agent and private keys per the usual. Everything's working as normal. My question regards best practices on flushing keys from ssh-add on activity like sleep, suspend, hibernate, etc. I thought about writing a simple wrapper around those commands, but then wondered if are they even called? Or does the kernel initiate this activity directly? Are the PM utilities strictly userland? I would like this additional layer of security beyond locking my screen, etc. and was wondering if anyone else had solved this elegantly or has best practices to recommend. Thanks.

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  • Very high memory usage, but not claimed by any process?

    - by SharkWipf
    While stress-testing LVM on one of our Debian servers, I came across this issue where memory would fill up a lot to the point where it would run the server out of memory, but no process would claim the memory. See http://i.imgur.com/cLn5ZHS.png, and see http://serverfault.com/a/449102/125894 for an explanation on the colors used in htop. Why is this happening? And is there any way to see what process is using the memory? Htop is configured not to hide any processes, so what is it that htop is missing? In this particular case, I can fairly certainly say that it is caused, directly or indirectly, by lvmcreate, lvmremove or dmsetup, as I was stress-testing that. Do note that this question is not about solving the LVM problem, but about why the memory isn't claimed by any process. Stopping all LVM commands does bring the memory back down to <600MB.

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  • Comparing 2 (or 3 Files If Possible) "Line By Line"

    - by PythEch
    I want to find out the differences of 2 (or 3 files if possible) line by line. Diff utils can do this, however it gives inaccurate results. Because, 2 files have exact number of lines which is "134". But diff gives me "Added Lines" and "Removed Lines". However this is wrong, they have exact the same number of lines, there is no added or removed lines. The text files which I want to find differences of them, have only numbers written, maybe that's why that algortihm fails. I couldn't find any option to prevent that, however I may be wrong, I mean there should be an option for that, but again, I couldn't find. This is what I get (5am.txt vs 6am.txt, there is a huge problem): This is what I want (6am.txt vs 7am.txt, still has problems): But, first the first image still has this problem, at the last lines. Edit: After I figured out that there is no utility to do this, I handled myself. I almost did the same thing as what RedGrittyBrick have done. This script imitates diff utility so I (or you) can use it with diff2html. To use it with diff2html, just change line diff_stdout = os.popen("diff %s" % string.join(argv[1:]), "r") to diff_stdout = os.popen("script.py %s" % string.join(argv[1:]), "r") and name this script whatever you want: import sys f1=open(sys.argv[1],"r") f1_read=f1.readlines() f1.close() f2=open(sys.argv[2],"r") f2_read=f2.readlines() f2.close() changed={} first_c = "" for n in range(len(f1_read)): if f1_read[n]!=f2_read[n]: if first_c == "": first_c=n+1 changed[first_c]=n+1 else: first_c="" #Let's imitate diff-utils... for (x, y) in changed.items(): print "%d,%dc%d,%d" % (x,y,x,y) for i in range(x,y+1): sys.stdout.write("< %s" % f1_read[i-1]) print "---" for i in range(x,y+1): sys.stdout.write("> %s" % f2_read[i-1]) Final results:

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  • Mounting both /dev/sda and /dev/sda1 - how can this be?

    - by itsadok
    I work on an Amazon EC2 instance that somebody else set up. We have an EBS volume mounted on /dev/sda, even though the root device is already on /dev/sda1, and we're also using `/dev/sda2' user@server:~$ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) ... (snip) /dev/sda2 on /mnt type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda on /vol type xfs (rw,noatime) ... This doesn't seem to fit with what I know about the way /dev/ works. How is this possible, and more importantly: will this cause trouble in the future? I'm running ubuntu 9.04 jaunty.

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  • external drive and CentOS - Reset high speed USB device number

    - by Phil
    I have 2 external drives (3TB) and both will not work with my centOS Box. Tested them in windows ( different machine ) No problems ( 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.i686 ) dmesg reports: usb 2-2: new high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=2109, idProduct=0700 usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 usb 2-2: Product: USB 3.0 SATA Bridge usb 2-2: Manufacturer: VIA Labs, Inc. usb 2-2: SerialNumber: 0000000000006121 usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice scsi6 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices usb-storage: device found at 3 usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning usb-storage: device scan complete scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access ST3000DM 001-9YN166 CC4B PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] 5860533165 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 00 06 00 00 sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through sdd: sdd1 sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk Tyring to use cfdisk / fdisk / gdisk or even fdisk -l results in the program hanging and dmesg reports: usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd I have the same 2 drives physically installed in the computer via SATA Any Ideas?

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  • less -Sr colourful.log How to view colourful log in less?

    - by Vi
    Both less -r (preserve terminal control sequences) and less -S (chop long lines) work well alone. But using them together breaks things. It chops too late and it wrecks the next line. Reducing COLUMNS environment variable is no op: (man less) But if you have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the window system's idea of the screen size takes precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables. How to view colourful logs with less? Resoved before asked: less -SR

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  • Harddisk formatting with dd return error

    - by Usman Ajmal
    Hi, I tried to format my harddisk (160 GB) with the following command dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda After some 3 hours, following error came up: dd: writing to '/dev/sda' : No space left on device 312581809+0 records in 312581808+0 records out 160041885696 bytes (160 GB) copied, 10708.3 s, 14.9 MB/s Any idea what went wrong?

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  • recursively "normalize" filenames

    - by user66732
    i have made a script, that can recursively rename files to get rid of special chars, etc. in filenames e.g.: before: THIS i.s my file (1).txt after running the script: This-i-s-my-file-1.txt Ok. here it is: But: when i wanted to test it "fully", with filenames like this: ¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÊËÌÎÏÐÑÒÔÕרÙUÛUÝÞßàâãäåæçèêëìîïðñòôõ÷øùûýþÿ.txt áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&'()*+,:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£.txt it fails: $ sh renamer.sh directorythathasthefiles mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory ...and so on so "mv" can't handle special chars.. :\ i worked on it for many hours.. does anyone has a working one? [that can handle chars [filenames] in that 2 lines too?] Q on pastebin: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=19iYZpwY

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  • recursively "normalize" filenames

    - by user62367
    i mean getting rid of special chars in filenames, etc. i have made a script, that can recursively rename files [http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=kXeHbDQw]: e.g.: before: THIS i.s my file (1).txt after running the script: This-i-s-my-file-1.txt Ok. here it is: But: when i wanted to test it "fully", with filenames like this: ¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÊËÌÎÏÐÑÒÔÕרÙUÛUÝÞßàâãäåæçèêëìîïðñòôõ÷øùûýþÿ.txt áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&'()*+,:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£.txt it fails [http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=iu8Pwrnr]: $ sh renamer.sh directorythathasthefiles mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ¡¢£': No such file or directory mv: cannot stat `./áíüuúöoóéÁÍÜUÚÖOÓÉ!"#$%&\'()*+,:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~€‚ƒ„…†....and so on $ so "mv" can't handle special chars.. :\ i worked on it for many hours.. does anyone has a working one? [that can handle chars [filenames] in that 2 lines too?]

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  • Too many Bind query (cache) denied, DNS attack?

    - by Jake
    Once Bind crashed and I did: tail -f /var/log/messages I see a massive number of logs every second. Is this a DNS attack? or is there something wrong? Sometimes I see a domain in logs like this: dOmAin.com (upper and lower). As you see there is only one single domain in the logs with different IPs Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 74.125.189.18#38921: query (cache) 'ns1.domain2.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 192.221.144.171#38833: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 74.125.189.17#42428: query (cache) 'ns2.domain2.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 192.221.146.27#37899: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 193.203.82.66#39263: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 8.0.16.170#59723: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 80.169.197.66#32903: query (cache) 'dOmAin.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 134.58.60.1#47558: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 192.221.146.34#47387: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 8.0.16.8#59392: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 74.125.189.19#64395: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 217.72.163.3#42190: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 83.146.21.252#22020: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 192.221.146.116#57342: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 193.203.82.66#52020: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 8.0.16.72#64317: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 80.169.197.66#31989: query (cache) 'dOmAin.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 74.125.189.18#47436: query (cache) 'ns2.domain2.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 74.125.189.16#44005: query (cache) 'ns1.domain2.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 85.132.31.10#50379: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 94.241.128.3#60106: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 85.132.31.10#59118: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied Oct 10 02:21:26 mail named[20831]: client 212.95.135.78#27811: query (cache) 'domain.com/A/IN' denied /etc/resolv.conf ; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script nameserver 4.2.2.4 nameserver 8.8.4.4 Bind config: // generated by named-bootconf.pl options { directory "/var/named"; /* * If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want * to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source * directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked * questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged * port by default. */ // query-source address * port 53; allow-transfer { none; }; allow-recursion { localnets; }; //listen-on-v6 { any; }; notify no; }; // // a caching only nameserver config // controls { inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; zone "localhost" IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "named.local"; allow-update { none; }; };

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  • Killing all processes of current user

    - by Vi
    user@host$ killall -9 -u user Will it definitely kill all processes owned by user (including forkbombs)? No new processes is spawned to user from other users. No user's processes are in D-sleep and unkillable. No processes are trying to detect and ptrace or terminate this started killall. E.g. if killall will finish untampered and successfully is it 100% that no processes are left with this uid?

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  • external disk suddenly unmounting

    - by hasen j
    Platform: Ubuntu 9.10 Disk Brand/model: WD My Book The external hard disk suddenly unmounts after a while. I suspect it's due to it "sleeping" to save power. I don't recall the problem having occurred before the upgrade to Karmic. How can this be fixed?

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