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  • Resources for 2D rendering using OpenGL?

    - by nightcracker
    I noticed that there is quite some difference between 3D and 2D rendering using OpenGL, the techniques are different - pixel-perfect placing is a lot more desirable, among other things. Are there any good (complete) references on using OpenGL for rendering 2D graphics? There are quite a few "tutorials" around on the net that help you open a window, set up a half-decent environment and draw a sprite, but no real good information on rotation, blending, lightning, drawing order, using the z-buffer, particles, "complex" primitives (circles, stars, cross symbols), ensuring pixel-perfect rendering, instancing and many other staple 2D effects/techniques. Any books, great blogs, anything? Any particular awesome libraries to read?

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  • How Do I Search For Struct Items In A Vector? [migrated]

    - by Vladimir Marenus
    I'm attempting to create an inventory system using a vector implementation, but I seem to be having some troubles. I'm running into issues using a struct I made. NOTE: This isn't actually in a game code, this is a separate Solution I am using to test my knowledge of vectors and structs! struct aItem { string itemName; int damage; }; int main() { aItem healingPotion; healingPotion.itemName = "Healing Potion"; healingPotion.damage= 6; aItem fireballPotion; fireballPotion.itemName = "Potion of Fiery Balls"; fireballPotion.damage = -2; vector<aItem> inventory; inventory.push_back(healingPotion); inventory.push_back(healingPotion); inventory.push_back(healingPotion); inventory.push_back(fireballPotion); if(find(inventory.begin(), inventory.end(), fireballPotion) != inventory.end()) { cout << "Found"; } system("PAUSE"); return 0; } The preceeding code gives me the following error: 1c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 11.0\vc\include\xutility(3186): error C2678: binary '==' : no operator found which takes a left-hand operand of type 'aItem' (or there is no acceptable conversion) There is more to the error, if you need it please let me know. I bet it's something small and silly, but I've been thumping at it for over two hours. Thanks in advance!

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  • Strange if-else branching behavior in a fragment shader

    - by Winged
    In my fragment shader I have passed an uniform int uLightType variable, which indicates what type of light is in usage right now. The problem is that if-else branching does not work correctly - the fragment shader performs instructions in every if statement block. if (uLightType == 1) { // Spotlight light type vec3 depthTextureCoord = vDepthPosition.xyz / vDepthPosition.w; shadowDepth = unpack(texture2D(uDepthMapSampler, depthTextureCoord.xy)); } else if (uLightType == 2) { // Omni-directional light type shadowDepth = unpack(textureCube(uDepthCubemapSampler, -lightVec)); } In the case when uLightType equals 1, unless I comment out the content of the second if block, it assigns an another value to shadowDepth. Also while uLightType equals 1, when I remove the second 'if' block and change == to != like in the sample code below, nothing happens (which means that uLightType really equals 1). if (uLightType != 1) { // Spotlight light type vec3 depthTextureCoord = vDepthPosition.xyz / vDepthPosition.w; shadowDepth = unpack(texture2D(uDepthMapSampler, depthTextureCoord.xy)); } Also, when I manually create an int variable (which is not an uniform) like this: var lightType = 1; and replace uLightType with it in the if-else branch, everything works fine, so I guess it have something to do with the fact that uLightType is the uniform.

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  • How should an object that uses composition set its composed components?

    - by Casey
    After struggling with various problems and reading up on component-based systems and reading Bob Nystrom's excellent book "Game Programming Patterns" and in particular the chapter on Components I determined that this is a horrible idea: //Class intended to be inherited by all objects. Engine uses Objects exclusively. class Object : public IUpdatable, public IDrawable { public: Object(); Object(const Object& other); Object& operator=(const Object& rhs); virtual ~Object() =0; virtual void SetBody(const RigidBodyDef& body); virtual const RigidBody* GetBody() const; virtual RigidBody* GetBody(); //Inherited from IUpdatable virtual void Update(double deltaTime); //Inherited from IDrawable virtual void Draw(BITMAP* dest); protected: private: }; I'm attempting to refactor it into a more manageable system. Mr. Nystrom uses the constructor to set the individual components; CHANGING these components at run-time is impossible. It's intended to be derived and be used in derivative classes or factory methods where their constructors do not change at run-time. i.e. his Bjorne object is just a call to a factory method with a specific call to the GameObject constructor. Is this a good idea? Should the object have a default constructor and setters to facilitate run-time changes or no default constructor without setters and instead use a factory method? Given: class Object { public: //...See below for constructor implementation concerns. Object(const Object& other); Object& operator=(const Object& rhs); virtual ~Object() =0; //See below for Setter concerns IUpdatable* GetUpdater(); IDrawable* GetRenderer(); protected: IUpdatable* _updater; IDrawable* _renderer; private: }; Should the components be read-only and passed in to the constructor via: class Object { public: //No default constructor. Object(IUpdatable* updater, IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... }; or Should a default constructor be provided and then the components can be set at run-time? class Object { public: Object(); //... SetUpdater(IUpdater* updater); SetRenderer(IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... }; or both? class Object { public: Object(); Object(IUpdater* updater, IDrawable* renderer); //... SetUpdater(IUpdater* updater); SetRenderer(IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... };

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  • Simple iOS glDrawElements - BAD_ACCESS

    - by user699215
    You can copy paste this into the default OpenGl template created in Xcode. Why am I not seeing anything :-) It is strange as the glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); is working fine, but with glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(indices)/sizeof(GLubyte), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); Is giving BAD_ACCESS? Copy paste this into Xcode default OpenGl template: ViewController #import "ViewController.h" #define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((char *)NULL + (i)) // Uniform index. enum { UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX, UNIFORM_NORMAL_MATRIX, NUM_UNIFORMS }; GLint uniforms[NUM_UNIFORMS]; // Attribute index. enum { ATTRIB_VERTEX, ATTRIB_NORMAL, NUM_ATTRIBUTES }; @interface ViewController () { GLKMatrix4 _modelViewProjectionMatrix; GLKMatrix3 _normalMatrix; float _rotation; GLuint _vertexArray; GLuint _vertexBuffer; NSArray* arrayOfVertex; } @property (strong, nonatomic) EAGLContext *context; @property (strong, nonatomic) GLKBaseEffect *effect; - (void)setupGL; - (void)tearDownGL; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES2]; GLKView *view = (GLKView *)self.view; view.context = self.context; view.drawableDepthFormat = GLKViewDrawableDepthFormat24; [self setupGL]; } - (void)dealloc { [self tearDownGL]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; if ([self isViewLoaded] && ([[self view] window] == nil)) { self.view = nil; [self tearDownGL]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } self.context = nil; } // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } GLuint vertexBufferID; GLuint indexBufferID; static const GLfloat vertices[9] = { -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5 }; static const GLubyte indices[3] = { 0, 1, 2 }; - (void)setupGL { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; // [self loadShaders]; self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init]; self.effect.light0.enabled = GL_TRUE; self.effect.light0.diffuseColor = GLKVector4Make(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); // glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBufferID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferID); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glGenBuffers(1, &indexBufferID); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBufferID); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, // Specifies the index of the generic vertex attribute to be modified. 3, // Specifies the number of components per generic vertex attribute. Must be 1, 2, 3, 4. GL_FLOAT, // GL_FALSE, // 0, // BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); // // glBindVertexArrayOES(0); } - (void)tearDownGL { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; glDeleteBuffers(1, &_vertexBuffer); glDeleteVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); self.effect = nil; } #pragma mark - GLKView and GLKViewController delegate methods - (void)update { float aspect = fabsf(self.view.bounds.size.width / self.view.bounds.size.height); GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f); self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix; GLKMatrix4 baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f); baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(baseModelViewMatrix, _rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with GLKit GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); self.effect.transform.modelviewMatrix = modelViewMatrix; // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with ES2 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _normalMatrix = GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3(modelViewMatrix), NULL); _modelViewProjectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _rotation += self.timeSinceLastUpdate * 0.5f; } int i; - (void)glkView:(GLKView *)view drawInRect:(CGRect)rect { glClearColor(0.65f, 0.65f, 0.65f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); // Render the object with GLKit [self.effect prepareToDraw]; //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // Render the object again with ES2 // glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(indices)/sizeof(GLubyte), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); } @end

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  • Octree implementation for fustrum culling

    - by Manvis
    I'm learning modern (=3.1) OpenGL by coding a 3D turn based strategy game, using C++. The maps are composed of 100x90 3D hexagon tiles that range from 50 to 600 tris (20 different types) + any player units on those tiles. My current rendering technique involves sorting meshes by shaders they use (minimizing state changes) and then calling glDrawElementsInstanced() for drawing. Still get solid 16.6 ms/frame on my GTX 560Ti machine but the game struggles (45.45 ms/frame) on an old 8600GT card. I'm certain that using an octree and fustrum culling will help me here, but I have a few questions before I start implementing it: Is it OK for an octree node to have multiple meshes in it (e.g. can a soldier and the hex tile he's standing on end up in the same octree node)? How is one supposed to treat changes in object postion (e.g. several units are moving 3 hexes down)? I can't seem to find good a explanation on how to do it. As I've noticed, soting meshes by shaders is a really good way to save GPU. If I put node contents into, let's say, std::list and sort it before rendering, do you think I would gain any performance, or would it just create overhead on CPU's end? I know that this sounds like early optimization and implementing + testing would be the best way to find out, but perhaps someone knows from experience?

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  • Why are my 3ds Max .fbx exports huge?

    - by abracadabra1980
    I've made an animation in 3ds Max and want to export it to .fbx and import it into Unity. I've done this once without problems. But this time, my .max file is 2,8MB and my .fbx file came out a huge 630MB! There's nothing wrong with my model: I exported it from a Blender model (to .fbx) and imported it to 3ds max (converted it to an editable poly) to do my rigging and animation. As soon as I import some .bip animations, I get these huge files. Is there a safe way to get smaller file sizes? I don't mind redoing the rigging if I can solve this.

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  • Issue porting Cocos2d-x to Android

    - by Anil
    I've written a basic game using Cocos2D-x on XCode. It works fine on the iPhone. Now I'm trying to port it to Android. When I run the script ./build_native.sh inside the proj.android folder, it gives me the following error: jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp: In member function 'void MemoryModeLayer::startNewGame()': jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:109:25: error: 'time' is not a member of 'std' jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:109:25: note: suggested alternative: /Users/abc/android-ndk-r9d/platforms/android-8/arch-arm/usr/include/time.h:40:17: note: 'time' jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:111:5: error: 'random_shuffle' is not a member of 'std' jni/../../Classes/MemoryModeLayer.cpp:112:5: error: 'random_shuffle' is not a member of 'std' make: *** [obj/local/armeabi/objs/cocos2dcpp_shared/__/__/Classes/MemoryModeLayer.o] Error 1 make: Leaving directory `/Users/abc/cocos2d-x-2.2.3/projects/Game/proj.android' In MemoryModeLayer.cpp I have the following: std::srand(unsigned(std::time(0))); std::random_shuffle(_xCod, _xCod + _numberOfRows); std::random_shuffle(_yCod, _yCod + _numberOfColumns); I've included the following headers as well: #include <string> #include <ctime> #include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> Also added using namespace std in the header file. Is there anything else that I should do?

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  • Tools for assembling textures into DDS files

    - by Nicol Bolas
    There are plenty of tools for making images. I'm not looking for one of those; I have many tools for creating an image. I've got tools for compressing images, generating mipmaps, and even for poking at their basic data format. My issue is with texture assembly. DDS files support cubemaps, array textures, and even cubemap arrays. But I don't know of a tool that can pack a series of images into a cubemap or the like. What tools are available for doing this kind of thing?

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  • How do you calculate UVW coordinates?

    - by Jenko
    I'm working on a 3d engine and I'm calculating UVT coordinates, where U and V represent pixels on the texture measured in 0-1, and T is: T = perspective / Z But I'm trying to use this perspective-correct triangle rasteriser, which requires a W, per vertex. How do I calculate the W for each vertex for the drawPerspectiveTexturedPolygon() function? Hint: The code comments refer to W as the "homogenous coordinate" ... does that mean anything?

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  • How to implement efficient Fog of War?

    - by Cambrano
    I've asked a question how to implement Fog Of War(FOW) with shaders. Well I've got this working. I use the vertex color to identify the alpha of a single vertex. I guess the most of you know what the FOW of Age of Empires was like, anyway I'll shortly explain it: You have a map. Everything is unexplored(solid black / 100% transparency) at the beginning. When your NPC's / other game units explore the world (by moving around mostly) they unshadow the map. That means. Everything in a specific radius (viewrange) around a NPC is visible (0%transparency). Anything that is out of viewrange but already explored is visible but shadowed (50% transparency). So yeah, AoE had relatively huge maps. Requirements was something around 100mhz etc. So it should be relatively easy to implement something to solve this problem - actually. Okay. I'm currently adding planes above my world and set the color per vertex. Why do I use many planes ? Unity has a vertex limit of 65.000 per mesh. According to the size of my tiles and the size of my map I need more than one plane. So I actually need a lot of planes. This is obviously pita for my FPS. Well so my question is, what are simple (in sense of performance) techniques to implement a FOW shader? Okay some simplified code what I'm doin so far: // Setup for (int x = 0; x < (Map.Dimension/planeSize); x++) { for (int z = 0; z < (Map.Dimension/planeSize); z++) { CreateMeshAt(x*planeSize, 3, z*planeSize) } } // Explore (is called from NPCs when walking for example) for (int x = ((int) from.x - radius); x < from.x + radius; x ++) { for (int z = ((int) from.z - radius); z < from.z + radius; z ++) { if (from.Distance(x, 1, z) > radius) continue; _transparency[x/tileSize, z/tileSize] = 0.5f; } } // Update foreach(GameObject plane in planes){ foreach(Vector3 vertex in vertices){ Vector3 worldPos = GetWorldPos(vertex); vertex.Color = new Color(0,0,0, _transparency[worldPos.x/tileSize, worldPos.z/tileSize]); } } My shader just sets the transparency of the vertex now, which comes from the vertex color channel

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  • What method replaces GL_SELECT for box selection?

    - by Jake
    Last 2 weeks I started working on a box selection that selects shapes using GL_SELECT and I just got it working finally. When looking up resources online, there is a significant number of posts that say GL_SELECT is deprecated in OpenGL 3.0, but there is no mention of what had replace that function. I learnt OpenGL 1.2 in back in college 2 years back but checking wikipedia now, I realise we already have OpenGL 4.0 but I am unaware of what I need to do to keep myself up to date. So, in the meantime, what would be the latest preferred method for box selection? EDIT: I found http://www.khronos.org/files/opengl-quick-reference-card.pdf on page 5 this card still lists glRenderMode(GL_SELECT) as part of the OpenGL 3.2 reference.

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  • Problem displaying tiles using tiled map loader with SFML

    - by user1905192
    I've been searching fruitlessly for what I did wrong for the past couple of days and I was wondering if anyone here could help me. My program loads my tile map, but then crashes with an assertion error. The program breaks at this line: spacing = atoi(tilesetElement-Attribute("spacing")); Here's my main game.cpp file. #include "stdafx.h" #include "Game.h" #include "Ball.h" #include "level.h" using namespace std; Game::Game() { gameState=NotStarted; ball.setPosition(500,500); level.LoadFromFile("meow.tmx"); } void Game::Start() { if (gameState==NotStarted) { window.create(sf::VideoMode(1024,768,320),"game"); view.reset(sf::FloatRect(0,0,1000,1000));//ball drawn at 500,500 level.SetDrawingBounds(sf::FloatRect(view.getCenter().x-view.getSize().x/2,view.getCenter().y-view.getSize().y/2,view.getSize().x, view.getSize().y)); window.setView(view); gameState=Playing; } while(gameState!=Exiting) { GameLoop(); } window.close(); } void Game::GameLoop() { sf::Event CurrentEvent; window.pollEvent(CurrentEvent); switch(gameState) { case Playing: { window.clear(sf::Color::White); window.setView(view); if (CurrentEvent.type==sf::Event::Closed) { gameState=Exiting; } if ( !ball.IsFalling() &&!ball.IsJumping() &&sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Space)) { ball.setJState(); } ball.Update(view); level.Draw(window); ball.Draw(window); window.display(); break; } } } And here's the file where the error happens: /********************************************************************* Quinn Schwab 16/08/2010 SFML Tiled Map Loader The zlib license has been used to make this software fully compatible with SFML. See http://www.sfml-dev.org/license.php This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required. 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution. *********************************************************************/ #include "level.h" #include <iostream> #include "tinyxml.h" #include <fstream> int Object::GetPropertyInt(std::string name) { int i; i = atoi(properties[name].c_str()); return i; } float Object::GetPropertyFloat(std::string name) { float f; f = strtod(properties[name].c_str(), NULL); return f; } std::string Object::GetPropertyString(std::string name) { return properties[name]; } Level::Level() { //ctor } Level::~Level() { //dtor } using namespace std; bool Level::LoadFromFile(std::string filename) { TiXmlDocument levelFile(filename.c_str()); if (!levelFile.LoadFile()) { std::cout << "Loading level \"" << filename << "\" failed." << std::endl; return false; } //Map element. This is the root element for the whole file. TiXmlElement *map; map = levelFile.FirstChildElement("map"); //Set up misc map properties. width = atoi(map->Attribute("width")); height = atoi(map->Attribute("height")); tileWidth = atoi(map->Attribute("tilewidth")); tileHeight = atoi(map->Attribute("tileheight")); //Tileset stuff TiXmlElement *tilesetElement; tilesetElement = map->FirstChildElement("tileset"); firstTileID = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("firstgid")); spacing = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("spacing")); margin = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("margin")); //Tileset image TiXmlElement *image; image = tilesetElement->FirstChildElement("image"); std::string imagepath = image->Attribute("source"); if (!tilesetImage.loadFromFile(imagepath))//Load the tileset image { std::cout << "Failed to load tile sheet." << std::endl; return false; } tilesetImage.createMaskFromColor(sf::Color(255, 0, 255)); tilesetTexture.loadFromImage(tilesetImage); tilesetTexture.setSmooth(false); //Columns and rows (of tileset image) int columns = tilesetTexture.getSize().x / tileWidth; int rows = tilesetTexture.getSize().y / tileHeight; std::vector <sf::Rect<int> > subRects;//container of subrects (to divide the tilesheet image up) //tiles/subrects are counted from 0, left to right, top to bottom for (int y = 0; y < rows; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < columns; x++) { sf::Rect <int> rect; rect.top = y * tileHeight; rect.height = y * tileHeight + tileHeight; rect.left = x * tileWidth; rect.width = x * tileWidth + tileWidth; subRects.push_back(rect); } } //Layers TiXmlElement *layerElement; layerElement = map->FirstChildElement("layer"); while (layerElement) { Layer layer; if (layerElement->Attribute("opacity") != NULL)//check if opacity attribute exists { float opacity = strtod(layerElement->Attribute("opacity"), NULL);//convert the (string) opacity element to float layer.opacity = 255 * opacity; } else { layer.opacity = 255;//if the attribute doesnt exist, default to full opacity } //Tiles TiXmlElement *layerDataElement; layerDataElement = layerElement->FirstChildElement("data"); if (layerDataElement == NULL) { std::cout << "Bad map. No layer information found." << std::endl; } TiXmlElement *tileElement; tileElement = layerDataElement->FirstChildElement("tile"); if (tileElement == NULL) { std::cout << "Bad map. No tile information found." << std::endl; return false; } int x = 0; int y = 0; while (tileElement) { int tileGID = atoi(tileElement->Attribute("gid")); int subRectToUse = tileGID - firstTileID;//Work out the subrect ID to 'chop up' the tilesheet image. if (subRectToUse >= 0)//we only need to (and only can) create a sprite/tile if there is one to display { sf::Sprite sprite;//sprite for the tile sprite.setTexture(tilesetTexture); sprite.setTextureRect(subRects[subRectToUse]); sprite.setPosition(x * tileWidth, y * tileHeight); sprite.setColor(sf::Color(255, 255, 255, layer.opacity));//Set opacity of the tile. //add tile to layer layer.tiles.push_back(sprite); } tileElement = tileElement->NextSiblingElement("tile"); //increment x, y x++; if (x >= width)//if x has "hit" the end (right) of the map, reset it to the start (left) { x = 0; y++; if (y >= height) { y = 0; } } } layers.push_back(layer); layerElement = layerElement->NextSiblingElement("layer"); } //Objects TiXmlElement *objectGroupElement; if (map->FirstChildElement("objectgroup") != NULL)//Check that there is atleast one object layer { objectGroupElement = map->FirstChildElement("objectgroup"); while (objectGroupElement)//loop through object layers { TiXmlElement *objectElement; objectElement = objectGroupElement->FirstChildElement("object"); while (objectElement)//loop through objects { std::string objectType; if (objectElement->Attribute("type") != NULL) { objectType = objectElement->Attribute("type"); } std::string objectName; if (objectElement->Attribute("name") != NULL) { objectName = objectElement->Attribute("name"); } int x = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("x")); int y = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("y")); int width = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("width")); int height = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("height")); Object object; object.name = objectName; object.type = objectType; sf::Rect <int> objectRect; objectRect.top = y; objectRect.left = x; objectRect.height = y + height; objectRect.width = x + width; if (objectType == "solid") { solidObjects.push_back(objectRect); } object.rect = objectRect; TiXmlElement *properties; properties = objectElement->FirstChildElement("properties"); if (properties != NULL) { TiXmlElement *prop; prop = properties->FirstChildElement("property"); if (prop != NULL) { while(prop) { std::string propertyName = prop->Attribute("name"); std::string propertyValue = prop->Attribute("value"); object.properties[propertyName] = propertyValue; prop = prop->NextSiblingElement("property"); } } } objects.push_back(object); objectElement = objectElement->NextSiblingElement("object"); } objectGroupElement = objectGroupElement->NextSiblingElement("objectgroup"); } } else { std::cout << "No object layers found..." << std::endl; } return true; } Object Level::GetObject(std::string name) { for (int i = 0; i < objects.size(); i++) { if (objects[i].name == name) { return objects[i]; } } } void Level::SetDrawingBounds(sf::Rect<float> bounds) { drawingBounds = bounds; cout<<tileHeight; //Adjust the rect so that tiles are drawn just off screen, so you don't see them disappearing. drawingBounds.top -= tileHeight; drawingBounds.left -= tileWidth; drawingBounds.width += tileWidth; drawingBounds.height += tileHeight; } void Level::Draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) { for (int layer = 0; layer < layers.size(); layer++) { for (int tile = 0; tile < layers[layer].tiles.size(); tile++) { if (drawingBounds.contains(layers[layer].tiles[tile].getPosition().x, layers[layer].tiles[tile].getPosition().y)) { window.draw(layers[layer].tiles[tile]); } } } } I really hope that one of you can help me and I'm sorry if I've made any formatting issues. Thanks!

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  • Help with "Cannot find ContentTypeReader BB.HeightMapInfoReader, BB, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral." needed

    - by rFactor
    Hi, I have this irritating problem in XNA that I have spent my Saturday with: Cannot find ContentTypeReader BB.HeightMapInfoReader, BB, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral. It throws me that when I do (within the game assembly's Renderer.cs class): this.terrain = this.game.Content.Load<Model>("heightmap"); There is a heightmap.bmp and I don't think there's anything wrong with it, because I used it in a previous version which I switched to this new better system. So, I have a GeneratedGeometryPipeline assembly that has these classes: HeightMapInfoContent, HeightMapInfoWriter, TerrainProcessor. The GeneratedGeometryPipeline assembly does not reference any other assemblies under the solution. Then I have the game assembly that neither references any other solution assemblies and has these classes: HeightMapInfo, HeightMapInfoReader. All game assembly classes are under namespace BB and the GeneratedGeometryPipeline classes are under the namespace GeneratedGeometryPipeline. I do not understand why it does not find it. Here's some code from the GeneratedGeometryPipeline.HeightMapInfoWriter: /// <summary> /// A TypeWriter for HeightMapInfo, which tells the content pipeline how to save the /// data in HeightMapInfo. This class should match HeightMapInfoReader: whatever the /// writer writes, the reader should read. /// </summary> [ContentTypeWriter] public class HeightMapInfoWriter : ContentTypeWriter<HeightMapInfoContent> { protected override void Write(ContentWriter output, HeightMapInfoContent value) { output.Write(value.TerrainScale); output.Write(value.Height.GetLength(0)); output.Write(value.Height.GetLength(1)); foreach (float height in value.Height) { output.Write(height); } foreach (Vector3 normal in value.Normals) { output.Write(normal); } } /// <summary> /// Tells the content pipeline what CLR type the /// data will be loaded into at runtime. /// </summary> public override string GetRuntimeType(TargetPlatform targetPlatform) { return "BB.HeightMapInfo, BB, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral"; } /// <summary> /// Tells the content pipeline what worker type /// will be used to load the data. /// </summary> public override string GetRuntimeReader(TargetPlatform targetPlatform) { return "BB.HeightMapInfoReader, BB, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral"; } } Can someone help me out?

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  • What version of Java should I target for applets?

    - by Christopher Horenstein
    I recently deployed an applet that seems to require Java 6 Update 24. I assume the reason for this requirement is the matching JDK version I used to create the applet (I am new to Java). The fact that my applet requires a Java download/update for users who already have some version of Java installed is a big concern for me; the applets I'm creating slip into a web comic, so it's very disruptive. Having used the most recent version of Java, it seems as though I am able to assume that most of the readers I get will have to update Java to continue reading/playing. Is there a best practice concerning which version of Java to use to make the process of using an applet easy for end-users? Any reading material on this would be very helpful. Should I be using an older version of Java if I don't require new features? I am using Slick for 2D games.

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  • Rendering large and high poly meshes

    - by Aurus
    Consider an huge terrain that has a lot polygons, to render this terrain I thought of following techniques: Using height-map instead of raw meshes: Yes, but I want to create a lot of caves and stuff that simply wont work with height-maps. Using voxels: Yes, but I think that this would be to much since I don't even want to support changing terrain.. Split into multiple chunks and do some sort of LOD with the mesh: Yes, but how would I do that? Tessellation usually creates more detail not less. Precompute the same mesh in lower poly version (like Mudbox does) and depending on the distance it renders one of these meshes: Graphic memory is limited and uploading only the chunks won't solve that problem since the traffic would be too high. IMO the last one sounds really good, but imagine the following process: Upload and render the chunks depending on the current player position. [No problem] Player will walk straight forward Now we maybe have to change on of the low poly chunk with the high poly one So, Remove the low poly chunk and load the high poly chunk [Already to much traffic here, I think] I am not very experienced in graphic programming and maybe the upper process is totally okay but somehow I think it is too much. And how about the disk space it would require.. I think 3 kind of levels would be fine but isn't that also too much? (I am using OpenGL but I don't think that this is important)

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  • Detecting long held keys on keyboard

    - by Robinson Joaquin
    I just want to ask if can I check for "KEY"(keyboard) that is HOLD/PRESSED for a long time, because I am to create a clone of breakout with air hockey for 2 different human players. Here's the list of my concern: Do I need other/ 3rd party library for KEY HOLDS? Is multi-threading needed? I don't know anything about this multi-threading stuff and I don't think about using one(I'm just a NEWBIE). One more thing, what if the two players pressed their respective key at the same time, how can I program to avoid error or worse one player's key is prioritized first before the the key of the other. example: Player 1 = W for UP & S for DOWN Player 2 = O for UP & L for DOWN (example: W & L is pressed at the same time) PS: I use GLUT for the visuals of the game.

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  • Drawing lines in 3D space

    - by DeadMG
    When attempting to draw a line in 3D space with D3DPT_LINELIST, then Direct3D gives me an error about an invalid vertex declaration, saying that it cannot be converted to an FVF. I am using the same vertex declaration and shader/stream setup as for my D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST rendering which works absolutely correctly. How can I use D3DPT_LINELIST to render some lines in 3D space? Edit: Oopsie, forgot my codeses. Here's my raw Draw call. D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(1, PerBoneBuffer.get(), 0, sizeof(PerInstanceData))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(1, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INSTANCEDATA | 1)); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(0, LineVerts, 0, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(0, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INDEXEDDATA | lines.size())); D3DCALL(device->SetIndices(LineIndices)); PerInstanceData* data; std::vector<Wide::Render::Line*> lines_vec(lines.begin(), lines.end()); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Lock(0, lines.size() * sizeof(PerInstanceData), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&data), D3DLOCK_DISCARD)); std::for_each(lines.begin(), lines.end(), [&](Wide::Render::Line* ptr) { data->Color = D3DXColor(ptr->Colour); D3DXMATRIXA16 Translate, Scale, Rotate; D3DXMatrixTranslation(&Translate, ptr->Start.x, ptr->Start.y, ptr->Start.z); D3DXMatrixScaling(&Scale, ptr->Scale, 1, 1); D3DXMatrixRotationQuaternion(&Rotate, &D3DQuaternion(ptr->Rotation)); data->World = Scale * Rotate * Translate; }); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Unlock()); D3DCALL(device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE::D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1)); Here's my vertex declaration: D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 BasicMeshVertices[] = { {0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, {1, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0}, {1, 16, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 1}, {1, 32, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 2}, {1, 48, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 3}, {1, 64, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0}, D3DDECL_END() }; The LineIndices are just 0, 1 and the LineVerts are just {0,0,0} and {1,0,0}, to represent a unit 3D line along the X axis.

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  • OpenGL ES Basic Fragment Shader help with transparency

    - by Chris
    I have just spent my first half hour playing with the shader language. I have modified the basic program I have which renders the texture, to allow me to colour the texture. varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; /* Given the texture coordinates, our pixel shader grabs the corresponding * color from the texture. */ void main() { //gl_FragColor = texture2D(texSampler, texCoord); gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,1); } I have noticed how this affects my transparent textures, and I believe I am loosing the alpha channel which would explain why previously transparent area's appear totally black. If I use the following line instead, I am shown the transparent area's gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).aaa,1); How can I retain the transparency after this modification to the colour? I have seen various things about a .w property, and also luminous, but my tweaks with those and the .aaa property are not working XD

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  • Ragdoll continuous movement

    - by Siddharth
    I have created a ragdoll for my game but the problem I found was that the ragdoll joints are not perfectly implemented so they are continuously moving. Ragdoll does not stand at fix place. I here paste my work for that and suggest some guidance about that so that it can stand on fix place. chest = new Chest(pX, pY, gameObject.getmChestTextureRegion(), gameObject); head = new Head(pX, pY - 16, gameObject.getmHeadTextureRegion(), gameObject); leftHand = new Hand(pX - 6, pY + 6, gameObject.getmHandTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightHand = new Hand(pX + 12, pY + 6, gameObject .getmHandTextureRegion().clone(), gameObject); rightHand.setFlippedHorizontal(true); leftLeg = new Leg(pX, pY + 18, gameObject.getmLegTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightLeg = new Leg(pX + 7, pY + 18, gameObject.getmLegTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightLeg.setFlippedHorizontal(true); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(chest); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(chest); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(head); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(head); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(leftHand); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(leftHand); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(rightHand); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(rightHand); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(leftLeg); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(leftLeg); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(rightLeg); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(rightLeg); // head revolute joint revoluteJointDef = new RevoluteJointDef(); revoluteJointDef.enableLimit = true; revoluteJointDef.initialize(head.getHeadBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0f, -0.5f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); headRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // // left leg revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(leftLeg.getLegBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(-0.15f, 0.75f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); leftLegRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // right leg revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(rightLeg.getLegBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0.15f, 0.75f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); rightLegRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // left hand revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(leftHand.getHandBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(-0.25f, 0.1f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); leftHandRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // right hand revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(rightHand.getHandBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0.25f, 0.1f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); rightHandRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef);

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  • Fog shader camera problem

    - by MaT
    I have some difficulties with my vertex-fragment fog shader in Unity. I have a good visual result but the problem is that the gradient is based on the camera's position, it moves as the camera moves. I don't know how to fix it. Here is the shader code. struct v2f { float4 pos : SV_POSITION; float4 grabUV : TEXCOORD0; float2 uv_depth : TEXCOORD1; float4 interpolatedRay : TEXCOORD2; float4 screenPos : TEXCOORD3; }; v2f vert(appdata_base v) { v2f o; o.pos = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex); o.uv_depth = v.texcoord.xy; o.grabUV = ComputeGrabScreenPos(o.pos); half index = v.vertex.z; o.screenPos = ComputeScreenPos(o.pos); o.interpolatedRay = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MV, v.vertex); return o; } sampler2D _GrabTexture; float4 frag(v2f IN) : COLOR { float3 uv = UNITY_PROJ_COORD(IN.grabUV); float dpth = UNITY_SAMPLE_DEPTH(tex2Dproj(_CameraDepthTexture, uv)); dpth = LinearEyeDepth(dpth); float4 wsPos = (IN.screenPos + dpth * IN.interpolatedRay); // Here is the problem but how to fix it float fogVert = max(0.0, (wsPos.y - _Depth) * (_DepthScale * 0.1f)); fogVert *= fogVert; fogVert = (exp (-fogVert)); return fogVert; } Thanks a lot !

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  • How to load with "simplegame" mode after cooking?

    - by Emran Bayati
    i got a problem after i cook my game in Frontend (udk) ! Every thing is ok during the Cook operation i mean i compiled my scripts,it's ok there's no problem in this step,and i cooked my packages it's ok too ! no problem just like last step. so before i package the whole game;i'll lunch it and see if every thing is ok ! but when i load the game it'll load whit the Unreal tournament default game type ! i mean i don't want it to load with this type ! i want it to load with the "simplegame" game type ! i need to say that i set game type to "simplegame" in the Editor from View world Properties Game Type! but still it's loading with Ut game mode when i cook the game ! I just want load my game in "Simplegame" mode after cooked. if any one can help ! plz help ! Tnx Alot Emran Bayati

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  • Game Center: Leaderboard score inconsistencies

    - by Hasyimi Bahrudin
    Background I'm currently developing a simple library that mirrors Game Center's functionalities locally. Basically, this library is a system that manages achievements and leaderboards, and optionally sync it with the Game Center. So, if the game is not GC enabled, the game will still have achievements and leaderboards (stored inside a plist). But of course, the leaderboards will then only contain the local player's scores (which is kind of useless, I know :P). Problem Currently I have coded both of the achievements and leaderboards subsystems. The achievements subsystem have already been tested and it works. I'm currently testing the leaderboards subsystem using multiple test user accounts. I loaded the test app on a device and on the simulator, both logged in with 2 different user accounts. Then I performed these steps: I first used the device to upload a score. Then, I ran the simulator, and the score submitted by the user on the device is shown. Which is cool. Then, I used the simulator to upload a score. But on the device, still, only one score is listed. I checked on the Game Center app (to see if the bug lies within my code), and I got the same thing. Under "All players", there is only one score on the device, but there are 2 scores on the simulator. I wanted to make sure that the simulator is not causing this, so I swapped the users on the device and the simulator, and the result is still the same. In other words, the first user is oblivious of the second user's score, but the second user can see the first user's score. Then I tried with a third user. The result: the third user can only see the scores of the first user and himself. The second user still sees the scores of the first user and himself. The first user only sees his own score. Now here comes the weird part. I then make the first user and the second user befriend each other. The result: under "Friends", the first user can see the second user's score, but under "All Players", the first user's score is the only one listed. Screenshots The first user sees this: The second user sees this: So, is this a normal thing when using sandboxed GC accounts? Is this behavior documented somewhere by Apple?

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  • CSM shadow errors when models are split

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I'm getting closer to fixing CSM, but there seems to be one more issue at hand. At certain angles, the models will be caught/split between two shadow map cascades, like below. first depth split second depth split - here you can see the model is caught between the splits How does one fix this? Increase the overlapping boundaries between the splits? Or is the frustrum erronous? CameraFrustrum CalculateCameraFrustrum(const float fovDegrees, const float aspectRatio, const float minDist, const float maxDist, const Mat4& cameraViewMatrix, Mat4& outFrustrumMat) { CameraFrustrum ret = { Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; const Mat4 perspectiveMatrix = PerspectiveMatrixFov(fovDegrees, aspectRatio, minDist, maxDist); const Mat4 invMVP = glm::inverse(perspectiveMatrix * cameraViewMatrix); outFrustrumMat = invMVP; for (Vec4& corner : ret) { corner = invMVP * corner; corner /= corner.w; } return ret; } Mat4 CreateDirLightVPMatrix(const CameraFrustrum& cameraFrustrum, const Vec3& lightDir) { Mat4 lightViewMatrix = glm::lookAt(Vec3(0.0f), -glm::normalize(lightDir), Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f)); Vec4 transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[0]; float maxZ = transf.z, minZ = transf.z; float maxX = transf.x, minX = transf.x; float maxY = transf.y, minY = transf.y; for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) { transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[i]; if (transf.z > maxZ) maxZ = transf.z; if (transf.z < minZ) minZ = transf.z; if (transf.x > maxX) maxX = transf.x; if (transf.x < minX) minX = transf.x; if (transf.y > maxY) maxY = transf.y; if (transf.y < minY) minY = transf.y; } Mat4 viewMatrix(lightViewMatrix); viewMatrix[3][0] = -(minX + maxX) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][1] = -(minY + maxY) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][2] = -(minZ + maxZ) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[0][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[1][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[2][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[3][3] = 1.0f; Vec3 halfExtents((maxX - minX) * 0.5, (maxY - minY) * 0.5, (maxZ - minZ) * 0.5); return OrthographicMatrix(-halfExtents.x, halfExtents.x, halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.y, halfExtents.z, -halfExtents.z) * viewMatrix; }

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  • Rendering performance in FlasCC + UDK when compared to Stage3d and UDK on Windows?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    Adobe recently released the Flash C++ Compiler, which UDK uses to target Flash Player. Developers can now access UDK for browser applications. Does this mean greater performance than using a Stage3D engine (Away3D 4) and how much of a noticeable difference in performance would it make in rendering speeds? Is there any benchmark you could propose that would allow to compare them fairly? I am asking this to help myself understand the consequences in performance for deciding to use UDK in a browser based game. I would also like to know how it compares with UDK running natively in Windows? I am not asking which technology to use or which is better. Only interested in optimizing rendering speed in a 3d browser game with flash.

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