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• sendmail - DSN: Name Server host not found

  - by Daniel Mitchell

  I've recently setup a new backup server and have configured sendmail with a smart_relay_host Except every email from the command line doesn't go anywhere. From mail.log: Oct 3 14:32:52 **back01 sm-mta[16570]: p93DWqtC016568: to=<[email protected], ctladdr= (0/0), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=120762, relay=10.2.30.60, dsn=5.1.2, stat=Host unknown (Name server: 10.2.30.60: host not found) Oct 3 14:32:52 ***back01 sm-mta[16570]: p93DWqtC016568: p93DWqtC016570: DSN: Host unknown (Name server: 10.2.30.60: host not found) DNS is working correctly on this box. I can do forward and reverse lookups. I can also telnet to the mail relay and send a message that way. I'm stumped, any suggestions?

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• Input field separator in awk

  - by Matthijs

  I have many large data files. The delimiter between the fields is a semicolon. However, I have found that there are semicolons in some of the fields, so I cannot simply use the semicolon as a field separator. The following example has 4 fields, but awk sees only 3, because the '1' in field 3 is stripped by the regex (which includes a '-' because some of the numerical data are negative): echo '"This";"is";1;"line of; data"' | awk -F'[0-9"-];[0-9"-]' '{print "No. of fields:\t"NF; print "Field 3:\t" $3}' No. of fields: 3 Field 3: ;"line of; data" Of course, echo '"This";"is";1;"line of; data"' | awk -F';' '{print "No. of fields:\t"NF}' No. of fields: 5 solves that problem, but counts the last field as two separate fields. Does anyone know a solution to this? Thanks! Matthijs

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• Is it possible to prevent SCP while still allowing SSH access?

  - by Jason

  Using Solaris and Linux servers and OpenSSH, is it possible to prevent users from copying files using "scp" while still allowing shell access with "ssh"? I realize that 'ssh $server "cat file" ' type file accesses are much harder to prevent, but I need to see about stopping "scp" for starters. Failing that, is there a way to reliably log all SCP access on the server side through syslog?

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• terminal-window viewer for tab-delimited files in *nix?

  - by khedron

  I work with a lot of tab-delimited data files, with varying columns of uncertain length. Typically, the way people view these files is to bring them down from the server to their Windows or Mac machine, and then open them up in Excel. This is certainly fully-featured, allowing filtering and other nice options. But sometimes, you just want to look at something quickly on the command line. I wrote a bare-bones utility to display the first<n>lines of a file like so: --- line 1 --- 1:{header-1} 2:{header-2} 3:... --- line 2 --- 1:{data-1} 2:{data-2} 3:... This is, obviously, very lame, but it's enough to pipe through grep, or figure out which header columns to use "cut -f" on. Is there a *nix-based viewer for a terminal session which will display rows and columns of a tab-delimited file and let you move the viewing window over the file, or otherwise look at data? I don't want to write this myself; instead, I'd just make a reformatter which would replace tabs with spaces for padding so I could open the file up in emacs and see aligned columns. But if there's already a tool out there to do something like this, that'd be great! (Or, I could just live with Excel.)

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• How to rename a file inside a folder using a shell command?

  - by Leonid Shevtsov

  I have a file at some/long/path/to/file/myfiel.txt. I want to rename it to some/long/path/to/file/myfile.txt. Currently I do it by mv some/long/path/to/file/myfiel.txt some/long/path/to/file/myfile.txt , but typing the path twice isn't terribly effective (even with tab completion). How can I do this faster? (I think I can write a function to change the filename segment only, but that's plan B).

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• How to create a cron job to upload files to an FTP server

  - by Christopher

  I would like to create a cron job that uploads files from a directory on my computer to my FTP server. I would like it to do it daily at midnight. I know pretty much nothing about cron, so I apologize if I sound stupid!

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• Mac dev folder missing, SSH not working

  - by SamGoody

  A few days ago, SSH stopped working. When I try logging in a get the following message: PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 stdin: is not a tty fatal: unrecognized command '' Connection to 74.52.61.194 closed. Web searches have shown me that there might be something wrong with /dev/std. But my computer lacks a /dev/ drive. There is an Alias to /dev/ [hidden, but I've revealed hidden files to do this search], but when I try to open it I am told that it cannot find the folder it is aliasing. Now, many a web search tells me that without a dev folder, the computer doesn't work, but it does seem to work, except the SSH. Also, are there any tools that can save my SSH preferences so that I don't have to, each time, type out the username@adrees, password, path all of which are long and complex? Not looking for a Filezilla type client, there are many of those. Looking for a command line like putty, that lets me use bash on the remote client. Am on Macbook Pro, latest version of Tiger.

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• Multiple logins with pam_mount means multiple (redundant) mounts ...

  - by Jamie

  I've configured pam_mount.so to automagically mount a cifs share when users login; the problem is if a user logs into multiple times simultaneously, the mount command is repeated multiple times. This so far isn't a problem but it's messy when you look at the output of a mount command. # mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) //srv1/UserShares/jrisk on /home/jrisk type cifs (rw,mand) //srv1/UserShares/jrisk on /home/jrisk type cifs (rw,mand) //srv1/UserShares/jrisk on /home/jrisk type cifs (rw,mand) I'm assuming I need to fiddle with either the pam.d/common-auth file or pam_mount.conf.xml to accomplish this. How can I instruct pam_mount.so to avoid duplicate mountings?

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• compressing dd backup on the fly

  - by Phil

  Maybe this will sound like dumb question but the way i'm trying to do it doesn't work. I'm on livecd, drive is unmounted, etc. When i do backup this way sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/media/disk/sda2-backup-10august09.ext3 bs=64k ...normally it would work but i don't have enough space on external hd i'm copying to (it ALMOST fits into it). So I wanted to compress this way sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 | gzip > /media/disk/sda2-backup-10august09.gz ...but i got permissions denied. I don't understand.

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• Is it possible to open server ports on TUN devices?

  - by JosephH

  If I make a VPN connection to a server (say myvpn.com; assume this server is not behind any router/firewall) via a TUN device and open a port (say 5555), will someone else be able to connect to me via myvpn.com:5555? If not, is there a tunneling software that does exactly this in a transparent manner? i.e. run any TCP/UDP-based server instance behind a router without NAT using another remote server.

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• How to get filename of job in cups?

  - by Grook

  I have printed a couple of files and lpstat shows that they are completed. But the output is something like this: # lpstat -W completed -l Canon-1 root 1086464 Sat May 21 22:47:03 2011 Alerts: job-canceled-by-user queued for Canon Canon-2 root 337920 Mon May 23 20:18:02 2011 Alerts: job-canceled-by-user queued for Canon CanonWin-3 root 17408 Mon May 23 20:29:40 2011 Alerts: job-completed-successfully queued for CanonWin` How can i get names of files which has been printed? P.S. Is there is any bash-script which allows me to get names of all files which has been printed?

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• What's the purpose of setgid directory?

  - by ???

  I know how setgid works, but I don't know why it is designed, is there any example to illustrate what problems it solves?

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• bash shell script which adds output of commands

  - by John Kube

  Let's say I have a command called foo which prints a number to the screen when called: $foo 3 Let's also say I have another command called bar which prints another number to the screen when called: $bar 5 I'm looking to write a shell script which will add together the output of foo and bar. How would I do that? (The outputs from the commands are not known ahead of time. They just so happen to have been 3 and 5 the last time they were run. They could have been something else.) Thanks!

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• Rsync and Lazy mode ?

  - by fabien-barbier

  Since transferring or copying a file that is being used sometimes causes corruption of the transferred file, can we define a time interval in which Rsync checks each file in a given directory to see if there is a change within that time interval ? Files that are not changed during that interval will be transferred, while those that have changes will not. Can I do that with rsync ? Or another tool ? Is there a script to add this functionality to Rsync ? Thanks

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• Can not understand this script

  - by Jim

  Can someone help me understand this script? It is from sysconf_add and I am new to scripting. I need to do something similar. function add_word() { local word=$1 local word_quoted=$2 if ! word_present; then $debug && cp $file $tmpf sed -i -e "${lineno} { s/^[[:space:]]*\($var=\".*\)\(\".*\)/\1 $word_quoted\2/; s/=\" /=\"/ }" $file $debug && diff -u $tmpf $file else echo \"$word\" already present fi # some balancing for vim"s syntax highlighting }

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• What is a good partitioning design/scheme for a multi-boot *nix system?

  - by static

  I'm planning to install Debian on my server. I would like to design the partitioning scheme in such a way, that I could install one or more other *nix distributives on that. So, reading many articles I think this scheme could be a good one for the initial idea of multi-boot: /grub /swap /LVM VG1 (for OS1) -> /boot (LV1) / (LV2) /tmp (LV3) /var ... /var/log /home /LVM VG2 (for OS2) -> /boot / /tmp /var /var/log /home ... (other distros) /LVM VG0 (for data) -> /data (LV1) But I'm confused a little bit now: what should be the labels for these partitions (unique or not) and what should be the mounting points looking as (/home (OS1) mounted to /home as well as /home (OS2)...)?

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• Removing files with strange names

  - by pythonic metaphor

  Somehow I ended up with a file named "-r". How do I remove it? rm -r doesn't work. I tried 'rm -i `ls -a`' to step through the file names, but it didn't prompt me to delete this one. Edit A very hacky approach was to use python's os.unlink function. That worked, but I'm curious to hear other ways.

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• Reporting memory usage per process/program

  - by Nick Retallack

  How can I get the current memory usage (preferably in bytes so they can be added up accurately) for all running processes individually? Can I roll up the summaries for child processes into the process that spawned them? (e.g all apache threads together). Sometimes, my server runs out of memory and becomes unresponsive. I want to discover what is using up all the memory. Unfortunately, it's likely to not be a single process. Some programs spawn hundreds of processes, each using very little memory, but it adds up. On a side note, is it normal for apache to spawn 200+ processes?

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• command history across multiple PuTTy sessions in SunOS 5.10

  - by foampile

  I have multiple PuTTy sessions open to my SunOS 5.10 server, and I am using ksh, and SOMETIMES the command history is shared among the different sessions and SOMETIMES it is not. I cannot figure out what determines whether it is or is not shared. By shared what I mean is that a command run in one session will be seen as previous command run in another session. I prefer it not to be shared, is there a config setting for that? Thanks

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• how to manage credentials/access to multiple ssh servers

  - by geoaxis

  I would like to make a script which can maintain multiple servers via SSH. I want to control the authentication/authorization in such a manner that authentication is done by gateway and any other access is routed through this ssh server to internal services without any further authentication/authorization requirements. So if a user A can log into server_1 for example. He can then ssh to server_2 without any other authentication and do what ever he is allowed to do on server_2 (like shut down mysql, upgrade it and restart it. This could be done via some remote shell script). The problem that I am trying to solve is to come up with a deployment script for a JavaEE system which involves databases and tomcat instances. They need to be shutdown and re-spawned. The requirement is to have a deployment script which has minimal human interaction as possible for both developers and operation.

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• Web Server Users - Best Practice

  - by Toby

  I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Web Server Users - Best Practice

  - by Toby

  I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Fast Ways of Cd'ing on *nix?

  - by Yar

  I find myself constantly typing (using tab, of course) absurd paths like cd path/to/the/thing\ that\ I\ need/python/proj/eraseme Aside from doing an ln -s (or some other type of ln?), is there any other way to get around faster? Also, if the solution is to use ln, is there some standard way/place to put the links so a not to clutter my ~ directory? I'm not asking for shortcuts only: any solution that helps with the problem of "how to get around" would help.

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• Why doesn't this cron work?

  - by Alex

  I do "crontab -e" and add the following line: 0 9 * * * /usr/bin/python /home/g1/g1/utils/statsEmail.py > /home/g1/log/statsemail.log But it doesn't work! Why? The script itself works. Also, the log is empty. My other command in crontab is this, and it works: 0 9 * * * /usr/bin/python /home/g1/g1/sphinx/updateall.py > /home/g1/log/updateall.log

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• Selected text gets automatically copied in vim.

  - by Yogesh Arora

  Whenever i select something in visual mode it automatically gets copied. It causes a problem since i have alread something in clipboard to paste in that selected text. Is there any way to disable this. Is this due to the fact that my xterm also has similar behaviour

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