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  • Is it better to check if file exists before deleting it

    - by Kevin Fegan
    Sometimes when I want to delete a file (from within a script), I will just delete it rather than checking if it exists first. So I do this: $ rm "temp.txt" 2>/dev/null Instead of this: [ -f "temp.txt" ] && rm "temp.txt" I just feel it's a waste of time to go and check if the file exists and return an exit code. So, perhaps it's quicker to do it the first way, especially if most of the time, the file is likely to be present. Are there any other advantages (or downsides) to do it one way or the other? Am I wrong to think it will ever be quicker?

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  • Postfix connects to wrong relay?

    - by Eric
    I am trying to set up postfix on my ubuntu server in order to send emails via my isp's smtp server. I seem to have missed something because the mail.log tells me: Jan 19 11:23:11 mediaserver postfix/smtp[5722]: CD73EA05B7: to=<[email protected]>, relay=new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20]:25, delay=6.2, delays=5.7/0.02/0.5/0, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (SASL authentication failed; server new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20] said: 535 5.7.0 Error: authentication failed: ) The relay "new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20]:25" was not set up by me. I use "relayhost = smtp.alice.de". Why is postfix trying to connect to a different server? Here is my main.cf: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = mediaserver alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases mydestination = mediaserver, localhost.localdomain, , localhost relayhost = smtp.alice.de mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all myorigin = /etc/mailname inet_protocols = all sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous Output of postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = mediaserver, localhost.localdomain, , localhost myhostname = mediaserver mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = relayhost = smtp.alice.de sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes

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  • Why is process not being displayed by TOP

    - by drN
    I am running a Mathematica script (this question probably doesn't fit in Mathematica.SE however) and I know that it generally takes up a lot of RAM and loads up my cores. However, althought pgrep MathKernel is showing a pid, I find that top doesn't show this in the top processes, although I notice that it is taking up about 2.25GB of the 8GB available to me. pmap -x my_process_id total kB 2243132 1907404 1892108 AND ps aux | grep MathKernel dnaneet 20837 12.6 23.3 2234944 1907404 pts/1 Sl 09:23 8:01 /share/apps/mathematica/8.0.4/SystemFiles/Kernel/Binaries/Linux-x86-64/MathKernel -runfirst $TopDirectory="/share/apps/mathematica/8.0.4" -script ./dcm_10micrometer_2x -- ./dcm_10micrometer_2x ps aux shows that the process is taking about 12% (In asterisks) dnaneet 20601 0.0 0.0 68264 1660 pts/1 Ss 09:15 0:00 -bash **dnaneet 20837 12.2 23.3 2234944 1907404 pts/1 Sl 09:23 8:01 /share/apps/mat** dnaneet 21922 0.0 0.0 65604 948 pts/1 R+ 10:29 0:00 ps -aux Did this process fail and is the MathKernel just lingering?

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  • grep with after-context that does not contain a keyword

    - by ukasz
    I want to grep through logs, and gather a certain exception stacktrace but I want to only see those that do not contain certain keywords in --after-context. I do not know in which line in after-context the keyword is. Simple example - given this shell code: grep -A 2 A <<EOF A B C R A Z Z X EOF the output is: A B C -- A Z Z I'd like the output to be: A Z Z I want to exclude any match that has 'B' in after-context How do I do this? Using grep is not a requirement, though I only have access to coreutils and perl.

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  • How to get the summarized sizes of folders and their subfolders?

    - by Kau-Boy
    Let's say I want to get the size of each folder of a linux file system. When I use ls -la I don't really get the summarized size of the folders. If I use df I get the size of each mounted file system but that also doesn't help me. And with du I get the size of each subfolder and the summary of the whole file system. But I want to have only the summarized size of each folder within the ROOT folder of the file system. Is there any command to achiev that?

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  • Gitolite SSH URL Format

    - by KPthunder
    So I got gitolite set up. Simple. But there is one issue I am having. The SSH urls follow the format of git@host:repo. I'm used to Bitbucket / Github where the urls follow the format of git@host:user/repo. Is there a way to get the latter format using gitolite? Another question. I have my ~/.ssh/config file set up with the following entry: Host <host> User <user> IdentityFile <path/to/public/key> I don't have any configuration specifying git as a user, and yet I am able to clone git@host:repo without problem. Obviously, my ssh client is using my public key to access the server which is why gitolite is letting me clone the repo, but how does my ssh client know to use my public key which is only configured for the <user> user and not the git user?

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  • Fastest reliable way to open the terminal?

    - by meder
    I actually had my SUPER_L ( left windows key ) binded to gnome-terminal, but for whatever reason ever since upgrading to 9.04 Ubuntu from 8.10 Intrepid it seemed to break the key binding. It was very handy because I could throw open the terminal with one key ( sorry but alt-f2 and typing gnome-terminal isn't practical for me ). Or perhaps it reset all the keybindings? I remember using xev and some gui type interface that was akin to Win32 registry editor. Anyway, I'm curious as to what you guys use to open the terminal.

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  • printing in linux

    - by Neilvert Noval
    Hello all. I've been a linux user for quite some time. But haven't do printing until now. I just wanna ask how to do printing in linux? I have researched a bit on it. I found some $> echo "print me" > /dev/lp0, but unfortunately, I have no lp0 in my /dev. I don't know if this is the right thing to do. Nevertheless, please tell me of ways on how I can print from my linux box. Here are some details: OS: debian linux 5.0.4 printer: disclosed until it is necessary connection: usb connection So do i need to add a printer first? From the printer manual that I read, this printer model has no linux driver.

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  • Can't access Terminal anymore, only shows a cursor

    - by user138304
    I run OS X. Following these directions (Installing MySQL on Mac OS X) I added a file to /usr and the contents were PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH Actually I was trying to get the mysql command to work now I cannot access terminal. All I get is a cursor but no command line. I also cannot find the file I created in the Finder. I used command shift G to find the folder /usr and the file is not there. Edit: I Solved the problem by restarting my computer. I am really not sure what the problem was. I got the idea because Could not open a new pseudo-tty. appeared in my terminal after following slhck directions to remove my .profile file. I then searched google and found this; http://blogs.oreilly.com/digitalmedia/2008/03/fixing-terminal-tty-errors.html. Thanks

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  • java for freebsd

    - by rawman
    I am trying to install java on freebsd 7.X and i have done following thing so far download the tar file from this link and store the file in cd /usr/ports/distfiles/ after that i run cd /usr/ports/java/diablo-jre16 or cd /usr/ports/java/diablo-jdk16 make config install clean and uncheck all the options in config screen now after doing all this now i am getting following message to indicate for amd version even if my server is using intel Core2Quad Q9550 2.83 GHz mail# make install === Vulnerability check disabled, database not found === License check disabled, port has not defined LICENSE === Found saved configuration for diablo-jdk-1.6.0.07.02_12 Because of licensing restrictions, you must fetch the distribution manually. Please access http://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/cgi-bin/download?download=diablo-caffe-freebsd7-amd64-1.6.0_07-b02.tar.bz2 with a web browser and "Accept" the End User License Agreement for "Caffe Diablo 1.6.0". Please place the downloaded file(s) in /usr/ports/distfiles. * Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/java/diablo-jdk16. mail# (as before i was getting error for tzupdater so i downloaded tzupdater-1_3_29-2010f.zip and put it in a cd /usr/ports/distfiles/ folder)

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  • How to execute home directory shell script file in php

    - by vvr
    How to execute /home/scripts/test.sh file in php Previously i have placed 'test.sh' file in the /usr/bin and calling in my php file like this exec('test.sh ' . escapeshellarg($testString)); But for security reasons i moved .sh file to /home/scripts directory and in my php i am calling like this exec('/home/scripts/test.sh ' . escapeshellarg($testString)); But it is not working now. Please suggest me how to achieve this.

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  • Using rsync to synchronise folders without overwriting files of same name on Mac OS X

    - by Adam
    I would like to synchronise the contents of two directories. Without overwriting but to create a copy if two files have the same name, but different sizes Without duplicating if two files have the same name and size. To work recursively So far I have found the following command which might work $ rsync -varE --progress ~/folder /volumes/server/folder But I'm not entirely sure what the -E flag does. It was suggested by a user on bananica.com but couldn't see a description for it in the manual. Would this do what I require successfully? Thanks

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  • Bit-shifting a file

    - by mykhal
    I wonder if there is an utility to read and print a (binary) file, shifted by some amount of bits (i mean, it should accept amounts, which are not divisible by 8). .. something like dd (and its skip option), but bit-wise, instead of byte-wise. (If you think that there is no such thing, and are going to implement it here, please use C.. i have my own bit-shifting thing for strings, written in Python, but it is surely relatively slow as hell)

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  • Is there a way to rsync in batches?

    - by Chris
    I have a huge chunk of data (11G) in a subversion repository that I'm using rsync to migrate to Alfresco, which lucene indexes new files as they hit the file system. I'm using a dav mount as a proxy to allow me to rsync. The issue I'm having is the indexing post-rsync is quite an expensive operation for such a huge chunk of data, so I was wondering whether there's a way I could logically separate the rsync into identically-sized batches (say 500MB each) so I could schedule them in cron. At the moment, I'm traversing the top level folders and taking the smallest ones across first, but once I'm done with those, the much larger sub-directories are going to be quite troublesome. Please let me know if you need any further info. Thanks in advance.

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  • 404 not found error for virtual host

    - by qubit
    Hello, In my /etc/apache2/sites-enabled, i have a file site2.com.conf, which defines a virtual host as follows : <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin hostmaster@wharfage ServerName site2.com ServerAlias www.site2.com site2.com DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php DocumentRoot /var/www LogLevel debug ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/site2_error.log CustomLog /var/log/apache2/site2_access.log combined ServerSignature Off <Location /> Options -Indexes </Location> Alias /favicon.ico /srv/site2/static/favicon.ico Alias /static /srv/site2/static # Alias /media /usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media Alias /admin/media /var/lib/python-support/python2.5/django/contrib/admin/media WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/site2/wsgi/django.wsgi WSGIDaemonProcess site2 user=samj group=samj processes=1 threads=10 WSGIProcessGroup site2 </VirtualHost> I do the following to enable the site : 1) In /etc/apache2/sites-enabled, i run the command a2ensite site2.com.conf 2) I then get a message site successfully enabled, and then i run the command /etc/init.d/apache2 reload. But, if i navigate to www.site2.com, i get 404 not found. I do have an index.html in /var/www (permissions:777 and ownership www-data:www-data), and i have also verified that a symlink was created for site2.com.conf in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled. Any way to fix this ? Thank you.

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  • sort utility on cyrillic text

    - by Anton
    I have to sort some lines of cyrillic characters and I want to use the sort utility (on MAC OS X 10.6). The problem is that result is incorrect. I take the text into clipboard, then run pbpaste | sort This is plaintext data, and I also tried passing a file to the sort command. My source data is ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? And after sorting I get ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? Theese lines aren’t even grouped by first letter. I tried option -d, but then I get an error sort: string comparison failed: Illegal byte sequence sort: Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. sort: The strings compared were \320\321\321\321' and\320\320\320\321\321\320’. Exporting the variable as recommended doesn’t solve the problem. What can I do to use the sort utility for such a task? Any additional info is necessary?

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  • Force '^C' to be printed when editing current prompt, then aborting it

    - by Stefan Lasiewski
    This is the opposite of Prevent “^C” from being printed when aborting editing current prompt. I'm using Bash. When I'm editing the commandline in Bash, and I hit Control-C to abort the commandline, the '^C' character does not display. I would like to see this character. I tried commands like stty -ctlecho and stty ctlecho (which I borrowed from the other question), but this didn't work for me. This behavior seems to be true with my environment on Ubuntu, CentOS and MacOSX.

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  • Why does net rpc shutdown fail with the right credentials?

    - by brice
    The command $ net rpc SHUTDOWN -f -I xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -U uname%psswd Fails with the following errors: Could not connect to server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx The username or password was not correct. Connection failed: NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE Could not connect to server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx The username or password was not correct. Connection failed: NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE When the credentials are definitely, absolutely correct. Whats going on?

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  • Specify default group and permissions for new files in a certain directory

    - by mislav
    I have a certain directory in which there is a project shared by multiple users. These users use SSH to gain access to this directory and modify/create files. This project should only be writeable to a certain group of users: lets call it "mygroup". During an SSH session, all files/directories created by the current user should by default be owned by group "mygroup" and have group-writeable permissions. I can solve the permissions problem with umask: $ cd project $ umask 002 $ touch test.txt File "test.txt" is now group-writeable, but still belongs to my default group ("mislav", same as my username) and not to "mygroup". I can chgrp recursively to set the desired group, but I wanted to know is there a way to set some group implicitly like umask changes default permissions during a session. This specific directory is a shared git repo with a working copy and I want git checkout and git reset operations to set the correct mask and group for new files created in the working copy. The OS is Ubuntu Linux. Update: a colleague suggests I should look into getfacl/setfacl of POSIX ACL but the solution below combined with umask 002 in the current session is good enough for me and is much more simple.

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  • Bash: verify that process has stopped

    - by pfac
    I'm working on script meant to start/stop a set of services. For stopping, it has to terminate many processes which take a while and might hang. The script needs to verify that the process has indeed terminated, and send an email if such does not happen after a given period. This is what I have: pkill -f "stuff" for i in {1..30}; do VERIFICATIONS=$i if verification_command then echo "It's gone" break fi sleep 2 done if [ $VERIFICATIONS -ge 30 ]; then echo "failed to terminate" # send mail fi Is there a better way to do this?

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  • Trying to delete a directory stored on a Windows server, from on a Mac, containing files created on the Mac, getting "Directory not empty"

    - by AdamG
    I am trying to delete a directory stored on a Windows 2008 R2 server, mounted on a Mac as network home (10.8.5). The directory was created by Safari and stores temporary internet files. I need to be able to delete this folder on logout from a Mac bash script. The Terminal on Mac shows the directory as empty: 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ cd /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/Metadata/Safari/History 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ ls -al total 0 drwx------ 1 lwickham CGPS\Domain Users 264 Nov 8 09:24 . drwx------ 1 lwickham CGPS\Domain Users 264 Nov 8 09:28 .. However, on the Windows server it has a single 0kb file that doesn't start with a "." but yet is invisible to the Mac. E:\FacultyHome2\lwickham\Library\Caches\Metadata\Safari\History>dir Volume in drive E is FacultyUsers2 Volume Serial Number is 8C17-4EF3 Directory of E:\FacultyHome2\lwickham\Library\Caches\Metadata\Safari\History 11/08/2013 09:24 AM <DIR> . 11/08/2013 09:24 AM <DIR> .. 11/07/2013 04:28 PM 0 http?%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl?sa=t&rct= j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CFsQFjAF&url=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.usbanklocat ions.com%252Fhsbc-bank-usa-96th-street-branch.html&ei=5vR7UtmXEPjfsATe0YCIBA&usg =AFQjCNF9ypKbpYbXRng00FY3W8Y6cF1Tiw&bvm=bv.56146854,d. 1 File(s) 0 bytes 2 Dir(s) 514,231,967,744 bytes free 9ypKbpYbXRng00FY3W8Y6cF1Tiw&bvm=bv.56146854,d.1 File(s) 0 bytes2 Dir(s) 514,231,967,744 bytes free All my attempts to delete the dir from the Mac have failed: 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ rm -fr /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/Metadata/Safari/History/* 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ rm -frd /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/ rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata/Safari/History: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata/Safari: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/: Directory not empty

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  • How to secure svn+ssh checkout users?

    - by vvanscherpenseel
    All our SVN repositories are hosted on a dedicated machine on which all the developers have access. Every now and then we need to checkout a repository on a machine we don't own or operate ourselves. Currently we all use our own system (SSH) account for this, but instead I would like to use some generic 'checkoutsvn' user that can be used for this. This user is only used for checking out from a repository, but should not be allowed to log in to the system (no shell access). I tried to do this by setting the default shell of that account to /sbin/nologin but then SVN fails, as apparently svn+ssh requires shell access. How do you do this? Is there a good solution for this?

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  • how to correctly download tomcat 6 on centos 5.5

    - by user582862
    hi guys, i am a big confused about how to install tomcat 6 on centos 5.5 final. this is what i am trying to do: # cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # wget http://jpackage.org/jpackage50.repo # yum install tomcat6 tomcat6-webapps tomcat6-admin-webapps but when i type the widget command, this is what i get: Resolving www.jpackage.org... failed: Temporary failure in name resolution. wget: unable to resolve host address `www.jpackage.org' could anyone kindly show me the right way please. really in trouble at the moment with this. thanks in advance.

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  • Homedir inside homedir restricted access

    - by blid
    On my VPS i've installed debian, apache+php. I have 2 users: foo and bar. Apache is configured to execute php files from /home/foo/htdocs. I created dir: /home/foo/htdocs/bar/ and made it home dir for user bar. Hover, I need to make a restriction: bar can't read, write or executre any files outside his own dir, but Apache has to be able execute all php files from /htdocs. I tried to chown the bar dir only for user bar, also experimented a lot with chmod but without a result so far. If there's any better way to satisfy my needs don't hesitate to write about it. Thanks in advance

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