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• Code execution time out occationally

  - by Athul k Surendran

  I am working on an e-commerce website. There is a case where I need to fetch the whole data in database through third-party API and send it to an indexing engine. This third-party API has many functions like getproducts, getproductprice, etc., and each of that functions will return the data in XML format. From there I will take charge, I will use various API calls and will handle the XML data with XSLT. And will write to a CSV file. This file will be uploaded to an Indexing engine. Right now I have details of 8000 products to feed the engine, and almost all time the this process takes about 15 min to complete, and sometimes fails. I can't find a better solution for this. I am thinking about handling the XML data in C# itself and get rid of XSLT. As I think, XSLT is far slower than C#. Is it a good Idea? Or what else I can do to solve this issue?

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• JavaOne LAD Call for Papers

  - by Tori Wieldt

  JavaOne LAD Call for Papers closes next Friday, October 4. Here are Java Evangelist Steven Chin's top three reasons why you submit a session:1) Imagine a parallel world where Java is king. Where the government has mandated that all software be open-source and recognized Java as an official platform. That is exactly what happened in Brazil and it shows in all aspects of their country from government systems to TV standards.2) A JUG in Every Village - Brazil has the most user groups of any country in the world by a significant margin. "I've stayed after JavaOne to visit several cities and gotten a great audience whether it was a large city like Brasilia or Goiania, or a coastal town like Fortaleza, Salvador, or Maceio," Chin explains.3) A Community-Supported Conference - SouJava and the entire Brazilian user group community is active and involved with JavaOne Brazil, making it a really engaging regional JavaOne conference. Submissions should be: From the community, all proposals should be non-Oracle. Java-related topics (not technologies such as Flex, .NET, Objective C, etc... unless it's specifically a topic about how such things INTEGRATE with Java) Non-product pitches Interesting/innovative uses of Java Practical relevant case studies/examples/practices/etc. The call for papers will close on Friday, October 4, 2012 at 11:59 pm local time. We look forward to hearing from you!

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• Removing (Presumably) Extraneous Network Adapters from Device Manager (eg WAN Miniport)

  - by Synetech inc.

  Can anyone shed some light on the default items in the Network Adapters branch of the Windows Device Manager? In addition to the network card, there are always a bunch of other things that I cannot find any useful information on such as RAS Asynch Adapter and all the WAN Miniports (IKEv2, IP(v6), L2TP, Network Monitor, PPPOE, PPTP, SSTP). I would like to trim it down and uninstall whatever possible but cannot find out exactly what these items are responsible for (and therefore whether or not they are needed on my system). Most of the pages found with Google are either people trying to fix an error with such an item or someone asking what it is and being given an unhelpful, pat response like “just leave them alone” or “they’re necessary”. I highly doubt that is the case and I’m certain that at least some items can be removed because even if they become necessary in the future they can be added again (for example installing Network Monitor or Protowall reinstalls the miniport drivers anyway).

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• Difference between tc qdisc and netdev_max_backlog

  - by Mediocre Gopher

  I'm wondering what the difference between these two things on linux is. According to the docs tc qdisc can be used to set the queue size for egress and ingress packets coming in and out of the NIC (or that's how I understood it). But from what I understand netdev_max_backlog can also be used to set this. If I were to set both of them which would be used? Or are there actually two queues that are being manipulated in this case? If there are two queues, which queue is above the other (if the application is at the top and the hardware at the bottom)?

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• How should I track approval workflow when users at every security level can create a request?

  - by Eric Belair

  I am writing a new application that allows users to enter requests. Once a request is entered, it must follow an approval workflow to be finally approved by a user the highest security level. So, let's say a user at Security Level 1 enters a request. This request must be approved by his superior - a user at Security Level 2. Once the Security Level 2 user approves it, it must be approved by a user at Security Level 3. Once the Security Level 3 user approves it, it is considered fully approved. However, users at any of the three Security Levels can enter requests. So, if a Security Level 3 user enters a request, it is automatically considered "fully approved". And, if a Security Level 2 user enters a request, it must only be approved by a Security Level 3 user. I'm currently storing each approval status in a Database Log Table, like so: STATUS_ID (PK) REQUEST_ID STATUS STATUS_DATE -------------- ------------- ---------------- ----------------------- 1 1 USER_SUBMIT 2012-09-01 00:00:00.000 2 1 APPROVED_LEVEL2 2012-09-01 01:00:00.000 3 1 APPROVED_LEVEL3 2012-09-01 02:00:00.000 4 2 USER_SUBMIT 2012-09-01 02:30:00.000 5 2 APPROVED_LEVEL2 2012-09-01 02:45:00.000 My question is, which is a better design: Record all three statuses for every request ...or... Record only the statuses needed according to the Security Level of the user submitting the request In Case 2, the data might look like this for two requests - one submitted by Security Level 2 User and another submitted by Security Level 3 user: STATUS_ID (PK) REQUEST_ID STATUS STATUS_DATE -------------- ------------- ---------------- ----------------------- 1 3 APPROVED_LEVEL2 2012-09-01 01:00:00.000 2 3 APPROVED_LEVEL3 2012-09-01 02:00:00.000 3 4 APPROVED_LEVEL3 2012-09-01 02:00:00.000

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• Windows 8.1 & manual removal of "Sentinel Runtime Drivers"

  - by uos??

  I'm trying to install Windows 8.1 (basic upgrade from Windows 8). It is complaining of Sentinel Runtime Drivers incompatibility. I've looked for it in my Programs & Features list, but it's not there by that name nor SafeNet (as related by google search) nor do I see any obvious candidates for it having been bundled with another listed application. I tried the "Sentinel Runtime Driver Cleanup" program from the SafeNet website. It ran but was ineffective, even after a reboot. Do you recognize this "Sentinel Runtime Drivers"? I ran MalwareBytes too, just in case, but it found nothing.

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• What went wrong with my curl install?

  - by Danjah

  I'm fresher than the prince to Linux, I've been following the instructions here: http://chrisfulstow.com/running-node-js-on-windows-with-virtualbox-and-ubuntu (the link tells what I am generally trying to do). I'm all up and running in VBox, and am at the curl install part, I may have done the curl part a week ago I forget. So I ran this command anyway: danjah@danjah-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install curl Result: [sudo] password for danjah: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done curl is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Then: $ curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo npm_install=rc sh Result: fetching: { gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file /bin/tar: Child returned status 1 /bin/tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now It failed Should I be concerned? How can I test curl? How can I avoid these situations? Perhaps there's a generic way of checking to see if I've already installed packages/etc? Case specific answers and general advice most appreciated. cheers, d

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• My 4 GB microSD card only allows me to use 1 GB

  - by James Litewski

  My phone came with a 4 GB microSD card. On the card it lists that 3 GB goes to Muve Music which is Cricket's music program, and I get 1 GB... Well, I don't pay for Muve Music, so why waste the space? I thought I'd be able to simply buy an adapter and reformat the microSD card to get the full 4 GB; but that wasn't the case... I could only find the 1 GB partition on the card. I even tried reformatting the disk, but I had no luck. How can I get the full 4 GB? BTW, I'm running Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion).

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• Low-res emacs24 icon in application switcher 12.10

  - by MTS

  I recently upgraded to Quantal, and also switched up to emacs24 from 23. Everything is great, except for one thing: the icon in the Application Switcher for emacs24 is a horrible, low-resolution eyesore. Compare the two side-by-side: I've seen a couple of questions addressing issues like this, but they're not quite the same. This one says that it is happening with all icons, but that's clearly not the case here. And this one seems more relevant, but it is talking about Gnome, not Unity. In the comments to the one answer for the second question, it says to look at the icons in /usr/share/icons to see if they are low-resolution, and if so to replace them with better ones. There's a ton of emacs icons, in fact. They are in various subfolders of /usr/share/icons/hicolor and they are in sizes ranging from 16x16 to 128x128, and also there are scaleable .svg versions of the icons too. I noticed that there are no 192x192 or 256x256 versions. But it seems like that shouldn't matter, since emacs23 also didn't have icons in those sizes. Any help would be much appreciated!

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• Recommendations for stable, reliable flash drives

  - by Josh Kelley

  We're looking to purchase some flash drives for use in some embedded devices. Most of our requirements aren't too different the generic "good, fast" flash drive: reliability is very important, speed is good, and so that the drive will fit, the case shouldn't be too large (so no OCZ Throttles). Consistency is also a major priority; we'd like to be able to buy more or less the same product a year or two from now without having to worry about the manufacturer swapping drive components with less reliable or slower parts. (We've been burned already by our previous manufacturer doing this.) Any recommendations, especially regarding consistency? I can read Ars Technica to get an overview of current models, but what are consistently good models?

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• Clustering Strings on the basis of Common Substrings

  - by pk188

  I have around 10000+ strings and have to identify and group all the strings which looks similar(I base the similarity on the number of common words between any two give strings). The more number of common words, more similar the strings would be. For instance: How to make another layer from an existing layer Unable to edit data on the network drive Existing layers in the desktop Assistance with network drive In this case, the strings 1 and 3 are similar with common words Existing, Layer and 2 and 4 are similar with common words Network Drive(eliminating stop word) The steps I'm following are: Iterate through the data set Do a row by row comparison Find the common words between the strings Form a cluster where number of common words is greater than or equal to 2(eliminating stop words) If number of common words<2, put the string in a new cluster. Assign the rows either to the existing clusters or form a new one depending upon the common words Continue until all the strings are processed I am implementing the project in C#, and have got till step 3. However, I'm not sure how to proceed with the clustering. I have researched a lot about string clustering but could not find any solution that fits my problem. Your inputs would be highly appreciated.

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• World Location issues with camera and particle

  - by Joe Weeks

  I have a bit of a strange question, I am adapting the existing code base including the tile engine as per the book: XNA 4.0 Game Development by example by Kurt Jaegers, particularly the aspect that I am working on is the part about the 2D platformer in the last couple of chapters. I am creating a platformer which has a scrolling screen (similar to an old school screen chase), I originally did not have any problems with this aspect as it is simply a case of updating the camera position on the X axis with game time, however I have since added a particle system to allow the players to fire weapons. This particle shot is updated via the world position, I have translated everything correctly in terms of the world position when the collisions are checked. The crux of the problem is that the collisions only work once the screen is static, whilst the camera is moving to follow the player, the collisions are offset and are hitting blocks that are no longer there. My collision for particles is as follows (There are two vertical and horizontal): protected override Vector2 horizontalCollisionTest(Vector2 moveAmount) { if (moveAmount.X == 0) return moveAmount; Rectangle afterMoveRect = CollisionRectangle; afterMoveRect.Offset((int)moveAmount.X, 0); Vector2 corner1, corner2; // new particle world alignment code. afterMoveRect = Camera.ScreenToWorld(afterMoveRect); // end. if (moveAmount.X < 0) { corner1 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Left, afterMoveRect.Top + 1); corner2 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Left, afterMoveRect.Bottom - 1); } else { corner1 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Right, afterMoveRect.Top + 1); corner2 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Right, afterMoveRect.Bottom - 1); } Vector2 mapCell1 = TileMap.GetCellByPixel(corner1); Vector2 mapCell2 = TileMap.GetCellByPixel(corner2); if (!TileMap.CellIsPassable(mapCell1) || !TileMap.CellIsPassable(mapCell2)) { moveAmount.X = 0; velocity.X = 0; } return moveAmount; } And the camera is pretty much the same as the one in the book... with this added (as an early test). public static void Update(GameTime gameTime) { position.X += 1; }

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• Windows 7 Home Premium - Unable to View Chinese Characters Properly

  - by David

  Is there a proper and permanent fix that will restore the display of Chinese Characters on a Windows 7 Home Premium Laptop computer? This problem has been occurring frequently now and a simple reboot no longer does the trick. The square boxes viewed on many applications and websites has been constantly bothering me and I wish to fix it asap. I have done a lot of research on it but have not been successful. Many responses were to install the language packs for Windows 7 Ultimate Users which apparently is not my case or to configure the "Region and Language" settings of the Control Panel, changing the system locale. Does anyone have any suggestions? All would be appreciated!

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• What is the command to use to put your computer to sleep (not hibernate)?

  - by airrick

  I want to put my windows pc (win7) into a sleep state via command line (so i can bind to macro button on keyboard). The power button on the PC is setup to but the computer to sleep (but it's down on the floor and I'm too lazy to reach down) it exactly how I want it (sleeps using hybrid mode in case I loose power) The sleep command on the shutdown menu also works. most info I found says to use; %windir%\system32\rundll32.exe PowrProf.dll, SetSuspendState 0,1,0 But this puts the computer in hibernate mode. I do have hibernate disabled but using hybrid sleep. So, What is the command to use to put your computer to sleep (not hibernate)?

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• What is wrong with my logic for the divide and conquer algorithm for Closest pair problem?

  - by Programming Noob

  I have been following Coursera's course on Algorithms and came up with a thought about the divide/conquer algorithm for the closest pair problem, that I want clarified. As per Prof Roughgarden's algorithm (which you can see here if you're interested): For a given set of points P, of which we have two copies - sorted in X and Y direction - Px and Py, the algorithm can be given as closestPair(Px,Py): Divide points into left half - Q, and right half - R, and form sorted copies of both halves along x and y directions - Qx,Qy,Rx,Ry Let closestPair(Qx,Qy) be points p1 and q1 Let closestPair(Rx,Ry) be p2,q2 Let delta be minimum of dist(p1,q1) and dist(p2,q2) This is the unfortunate case, let p3,q3 be the closestSplitPair(Px,Py,delta) Return the best result Now, the clarification that I want is related to step 5. I should say this beforehand, that what I'm suggesting, is barely any improvement at all, but if you're still interested, read ahead. Prof R says that since the points are already sorted in X and Y directions, to find the best pair in step 5, we need to iterate over points in the strip of width 2*delta, starting from bottom to up, and in the inner loop we need only 7 comparisions. Can this be bettered to just one? How I think is possible seemed a little difficult to explain in plain text, so I drew a diagram and wrote it on paper and uploaded it here: Since no one else came up with is, I'm pretty sure there's some error in my line of thought. But I have literally been thinking about this for HOURS now, and I just HAD to post this. It's all that is in my head. Can someone point out where I'm going wrong?

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• tail -f updates slowly

  - by Cliff

  I'm not sure why, but on my Macbook Pro running lion I get slow updates when I issue "tail -f" on a log file that is being written to. I used to use this command all the time at my last company but that was typically on Linux machines. The only thing I can think of that would possibly slow the updates are buffering of output and/or maybe a different update interval on a Mac vs. Linux. I've tried with several commands all which write to stout relatively quickly but give slow updates to the tail command. Any ideas? Update I am merely running a python script with a bunch of prints in it and redirecting to a file vi " my output.log". I expect to see updates near real time but that doesn't seem to be the case.

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• Virtualizing Firewalls/UTM

  - by TheD

  So Sophos UTM (Astaro Gateway UTM) can be virtualized in Hyper-V, VMWare, vSphere etc. Now I'm new to virtualization, so am wondering how the networking would be configured in this situation. Imagine the following (a very simple setup). A Zyxel router acting as the default gateway, standard ADSL line. This is connected directly via Ethernet to my VHost, Hyper-V in my case. Now I assume I need two virtual network adapters, one which is the "External" interface to the firewall, and the other being the "Internal" interface. But where does my switch go, since I have 5 machines (or X number of machines). Where is the switch connected, to the internal interface on the VHost? What default gateway do my clients use etc? How would the routing work if these two interfaces weren't bridged since they are virtual networks anyway. I'm a little confused! Any advice is much appreciated! Cheers

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• Is a 302 redirect to a random URL from the homepage an SEO problem?

  - by CookieMonster

  I originally posted this on Stackoverflow, but I believe here is a better place to ask. My web application is very similar to notepad.cc which redirects to a randomly generated URL upon access, e.g. http://myapp.com/roTr94h4Gd. (Please note that notepad.cc is not my site.) Probably because of this redirect feature, when I do "fetch as Google" or "fetch as Bingbot", I get a 302 and no html content. Not even a <html></html> tag. HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Server: nginx/1.4.1 Date: Tue, 01 Oct 2013 04:37:37 GMT Content-Type: text/html Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.17-1~dotdeb.1 Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=vp99q5e5t5810e3bnnnvi6sfo2; expires=Thu, 03-Oct-2013 04:37:37 GMT; path=/ Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 Pragma: no-cache Location: /roTr94h4Gd How should I avoid 302 in this case? I suppose I could modify my site to prevent the redirect, but it is a necessary feature of my web app to generate a random URL on each access. I added <meta name="fragment" content="!"> tag into my index page and set it to return a static snapshot of my page when the flag is set. But this still returns a 302. I also added a header to return 200 before redirecting, but this had no effect, either. Could someone tell me a good suggestion to solve this problem?

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• Share home directory between Linux and Windows dual boot

  - by user877329

  This question is somewhat similar to How to use Windows Share has home directory, but in this case Windows is not running. I have installed a dual-boot configuration with Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows. My Windows partition is mounted on /C. Now I want either Ubuntu to locate home directories in /C/Users Which is the location of windows accounts or I want Windows to use D:\home for home directories. (D is the name of the Ubuntu root directory). For the first approach, I have managed to create a test user account test-user:x:1004:1001:Test:/C/Users/test-user:/bin/bash The account works but test-user cannot run any X session. From .xsession-errors chmod: Changing rights on ”/C/Users/test-user/.xsession-errors”: Operation not permitted Would it help get rid of that chmod, which has no effect? How do I? If I use the second approach, I need the Ext2fsd driver, which seems to work, but I am not sure if Windows maps the Ext2 system that early. Here is my fstab proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 UUID=e7cef061-ed8d-4a82-b708-0c8f4c6f297f / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=2CDCEB43DCEB0644 /C ntfs defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0 0 UUID=b087b5c0-b4bd-47e7-8d34-48ad9b192328 none swap sw 0 0 Update: I found something here: http://www.tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-advanced/ Will work if i do a correct mapping between NT users and Linux users.

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• Looking for Mini itx capable of running Photoshop + Illustrator (cs4 or higher)

  - by drozzy

  Ok, so I want to build a small pc for my gf that she can take with her instead of the crappy laptop that she has. Overall I think the complete system should not weight more than 10 lbs. The requirements are to run at least 4 applications simultaneously, and be able to switch between them with no problems: Photoshop Illustrator Word editor Browser Should be able to handle 1920x1200 resolution. I am currently looking at LGA775 socket as I can just transfer my desktop cpu Q6600 to it. Currently deciding between DQ45EK and DG41TX, but any other suggestions are welcome. So I am thinking something along the lines of: MINI-BOX M350 Case with 90 watt psu Q6600 cpu (my desktop cpu) 2x2GB kingston ram (or similar) Video? Need external or built-in G45 on DQ45EK will do? My primary concern is whether the 90WATT is sufficient of the Q6600? Thanks

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• Using VirtualBox to test drive Windows Blue

  - by Fat Bloke

  Oracle VM VirtualBox is great for trying out the latest and greatest technologies and platforms. So when Microsoft recently announced the Developer Preview for Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1,  it was with eager anticipation that FatBloke ran to the TechNet Evaluation Center to download the isos. Once downloaded,  a new VM in VirtualBox Manager was created that used Windows 2012 (64-bit) OS type and all the defaults were selected. And on starting the VM, and pointing to the iso file to install from, the excitement rose as we saw a cool new splashscreen image: But suddenly our hopes are dashed.... It would seem that this platform requires an instruction (CMPXCHG16B) that VirtualBox doesn't offer "out-of-the-box".  Fear not, for the VirtualBox team knew that this day would finally arrive and have prepared an "in case of emergency" switch as follows: Power off the vm; At the command line type:  VBoxManage setextradata [vmname] VBoxInternal/CPUM/CMPXCHG16B 1 Start the VM and install Windows Server 2012 R2 This will be enabled by default in a future release, but geeks can't wait, hence this blog. Enjoy! -FB 

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• How to set up a PC which can be booted from Linux AND Windows?

  - by Martin

  Our PC was running Windows XP up to know. It has become incredibly slow and I'm considering switching to Linux (Ubuntu?!) as a fresh OS. However, there are some applications we rarely use which run only on Windows and I also want to have the possibility to easily go back to the old system, if I should find during testing linux, that anything is missing or not available. So the idea is to install Linux on a new (second) hard drive and use the existing Windows XP from a virtual machine (converted by Paragon Drive Backup) in the transition time. We have a lot of data on the PC, tens of GBs of Photos (managed by Picasa), ... My questions: What could be the best way to setup the new hard drive? (Partitions) I assume that I can not access the Linux data from Windows but I could access (read/write) windows drives from Linux? Does anyone know good tutorials for this use case? What other things might I have to consider for transition Windows-Linux?

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• HCM is Alive and Well in APAC

  - by Row Henson

  I just returned from a 5 country tour on “Rethinking HR” where Oracle hosted breakfast and lunch executive seminars to the most senior HR practitioners in 5 cities in these major markets in APAC. While I have done many of these “road shows” in the past, I was most impressed with the response we received during this trip. I’m sure the execution of our marketing and sales teams had lots to do with the turnout, but I’d also like to think that this region is primed for applications that help with the talent dilemma faced by many organizations today in this part of the world and are excited about the offerings Oracle provides to help our customers attract, develop, retain and analyze their human capital. For these type of events, we normally expect 25-30 companies in attendance with a drop-off rate of around 15%. In all 5 cities, we had standing room only with an average attendance of 50 people from 30+ companies. Interestingly enough, in 3 of the 5 cities we had people show up that were turned down during registration, for lack of room – so we actually exceeded our registration. This was the case in Canberra – Australia’s capital – with over 70 attendees. Unusual indeed! During my presentation I referenced several studies which highlight how this region is primed for support in looking at talent in the future as high growth creates talent shortages and talented workers see opportunities outside of their current employers. A Deloitte study shows that 61% of respondents in APAC expect significant or moderate talent shortages over the next year (compared to 45% and 31% for the Americas and EMEA respectively). Please accept my thanks to all who arranged and orchestrated this time in APAC. While my body was quite tired from the hectic schedule, my mind was energized with the interest and interaction.

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• SSL client auth in nginx with multiple server section

  - by Bastien974

  I want to implement ssl_verify_client in nginx. This works perfectly when I only have one server section, which listen to 443. In my case I have multiple, all listening on 443 but to different server_name. For one particular server (proxy.mydomain.com), I'm adding the SSL client verify, but when I test the connectivity with openssl s_client -connect proxy.mydomain.com:443 -cert xxx.crt -key xxx.key and then do a GET / HTTP/1.1 host: proxy.mydomain.com It's not working, 400 No required SSL certificate was sent I think nginx is not receiving the proper server_name and is directing it to the first server listening to 443. So I tried to listen on another port and it worked right away. What's the issue and how can I fix it ?

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• Understanding Application binary interface (ABI)

  - by Tim

  I am trying to understand the concept of Application binary interface (ABI). From The Linux Kernel Primer: An ABI is a set of conventions that allows a linker to combine separately compiled modules into one unit without recompilation, such as calling conventions, machine interface, and operating-system interface. Among other things, an ABI defines the binary interface between these units. ... The benefits of conforming to an ABI are that it allows linking object files compiled by different compilers. From Wikipedia: an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application. ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files, program libraries and so on. I was wondering whether ABI depends on both the instruction set and the OS. Are the two all that ABI depends on? What kinds of role does ABI play in different stages of compilation: preprocessing, conversion of code from C to Assembly, conversion of code from Assembly to Machine code, and linking? From the first quote above, it seems to me that ABI is needed for only linking stage, not the other stages. Is it correct? When is ABI needed to be considered? Is ABI needed to be considered during programming in C, Assembly or other languages? If yes, how are ABI and API different? Or is it only for linker or compiler? Is ABI specified for/in machine code, Assembly language, and/or of C?

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