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• rdisk value in boot.ini maps to which disk?

  - by MA1

  Hi All Following are the contents of a sample boot.ini: [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT rdisk value tells the physical disk number. so, if i have three hard disks say: /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc than how to know which disk(/dev/sda or /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc) is rdisk(0) and which disk is rdisk(1) etc Regards,

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• memtest86+ crashing on server

  - by user148723

  we have a few DELL 1950 servers. 1 of this servers has CentOS6.3 and its randomly rebooting so I suspected it was hardware. (no log generated) the other 4 servers do not randomly reboot. We passed memtest86+ on the 5 servers, and on 3 of them memtest86+ crashes (displaying an odd and colorful screen, like if a video card failed) Although I tested old memtest86 (not +), and all servers did not crash. I also tested other RAM testers utilities, no tool failing. have any of you guys experience this? thanks

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• How to make a non-root user to use chown for any user group files?

  - by user1877716

  I would like to make a user super powerful, with almost all root rights but unable to touch a the root user (to change the password of the root). My goal is to user "B" to manage my web server. The problem is user B need to able to run the chown and chmod commands on some files belonging to other users. I tried to put B in root group or use visudo, but it's not enough. I'm working an Centos 6 system. If some body have ideas!

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• ubuntu usb that can be booted on mac and windows?

  - by An Original Alias

  I am a little frustrated having to use to separate USBs for booting on mac and windows. Is there a way that I can have the version for mac and the version for windows on one USB? or even better, one version that can be booted on both? I have heard of multibootiso, but I'm not entirely sure that it will work on imac. If needed, I am willing to use terminal to make this happen, even if its a long complicated process.

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• Why do we see multiple PID's related to same application/owner for http like this below. What does this mean?

  - by Muthukumar Alagappan

  Why do we see multiple PID's related to same application/owner for http like this below. What does this mean?. $ ps -ef | grep httpd | grep -v grep apache 9619 20181 0 07:08 ? 00:00:03 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 10092 20181 0 Jan24 ? 00:00:07 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13086 20181 0 06:09 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13717 20181 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 14730 20181 0 07:13 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 16359 20181 0 09:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd root 20181 1 0 2011 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 21450 20181 0 09:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd

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• How to remove a tagged block of text in a file?

  - by EmpireJones

  How can I remove all instances of tagged blocks of text in a file with sed, grep, or another program? If I have a file which contains: random text // START TEXT internal text // END TEXT more random // START TEXT asdf // END TEXT text how can I remove all blocks of text within the start/end lines, produce the following? random text more random text

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• How to understand cpu family/model/stepping fields in /proc/cpuinfo [closed]

  - by Victor Sorokin

  I have following in cpuinfo: processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 15 model : 107 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5600+ stepping : 2 According to Wikipedia page there are two kinds of 5600+ -- one of 90nm technology, another of 65nm. How can I understand which one I have? There seem to be no direct correspondence between contents of cpuinfo and info on Wikipedia page. AMD site seems to use some other naming scheme for processors too. How can I map values of family, model and stepping from cpuinfo to the data available on Wikipedia/AMD?

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• How to Extending a logical volume in WMWare

  - by Mercer

  down vote favorite i have a CentOS 6.3 into my Virtual Machine. I have 2 Disk: Disk#1 = 18G Disk#2 = 20G [root@vm ~]# df -h Filesystem Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_root 1008M 250M 708M 27% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 31M 154M 17% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_home 504M 17M 462M 4% /home /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_opt 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /opt /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_grid 6.9G 2.5G 4.1G 38% /opt/grid /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_oracle 6.9G 144M 6.4G 3% /opt/oracle /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_tmp 2.8G 71M 2.6G 3% /tmp /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_usr 2.5G 1.6G 799M 67% /usr /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_var 2.0G 278M 1.6G 15% /var So i want to extend my /tmp and my /opt/oracle like this: 10Go in/tmp 13Go in /opt/oracle Thx.

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• Full Apache config migration

  - by Victor Rashkov

  I searched alot and didn't find an applicable answer. I have a working LAMP setup on Ubuntu machine and I have to migrate to a new server in a different country. The old server is 11.10, the new server is 12.04LTS. My problem is that I simply can not remember the steps I followed when I configured the current server which is not the basic LAMP install. It is Apache with FastCGI, SuEXEC, a GD library, worker MPM and all sitting on top of a mhddfs system. There are also other configs I've changed and I can not recall what they are. Because of the complexity of the setup, my attempts to migrate to the new server fail. I get permissions errors, cgi problems etc. Therefore my question is : Is there a sane way to simply tar a full backup of the current web server installation, including MySQL, Php amd the apache server with all configs, and then move it to the new machine? I shall be forever thankful on any advise. So far non of thise I found here gave me an answer. Thanks!

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• dhcp code for pxe server

  - by avoq

  I'm trying to understand every single line of the following script but to no avail. I'd be glad if someone could help me. For sure I know its purpose is to start the DHCP server as well as the TFTP...But I'm stuck: killall dnsmasq 2>/dev/null dnsmasq --enable-tftp --tftp-root=$PXEDATA/boot --dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,"$IP",$IP --dhcp-range=$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).50,$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).250, infinite --dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.0.254 --log-dhcp Why killall, why dnsmasq 2 What does "2" stand for? "--" what does it mean? Thanks a lot.

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• Traffic shaping L2TP/IPsec VPN (via accounts not connection)

  - by Cromulent

  I need to be able to control the amount of bandwidth a specific user account can use on a VPN connection. One account I want to be able to use the VPN with no restrictions and another account I want to limit to a reasonable amount of bandwidth (say 10GB or so a month). I'm aware that you can traffic shape individual connections but that does not quite solve the problem as the limited account can just disconnect and reconnect to get a new connection. I need to be able to limit bandwidth on a login basis for a given period of time (monthly limit). I'm really not that familiar with traffic shaping in general so any advice would be appreciated. Thank you.

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• Ubuntu server; Should I add a new user or not?

  - by Camran

  On my Ubuntu server, when I do everything now I do it as "root" user. So for example, logging into ftp filezilla, I enter "root" as username... Is this the way to do it, or should I create a users group and add priveliges to the users in that group? Don't know if I should create a new user or not, it works with root just fine, but I don't want any security flaws... Thanks

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• rsync --files-from (find + cat)

  - by Edward

  I try command rsync -v --files-from=/path/to/list.lst /home/user /path/to/backup list.lst contains for example .gnupg/ .pki/ .gnome2/keyrings/ .mozilla/firefox/*.default/bookmarkbackups/ .mozilla/firefox/*.default/bookmarks.html .mozilla/firefox/.default/.db files .mozilla/firefox/.default/.sqlite and i get error on all strings with * "failed: No such file or directory". Can anybody help me, or as variant can i combine find `cat /path/to/list.lst` with rsync?

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• How to deal with ssh's "WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!"?

  - by Vi.

  I often need to login to multiple remote stations that are just placed to the same static IPs for me. SSH complains about changed keys in this case: $ ssh [email protected] @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ... Offending RSA key in /home/vi/.ssh/known_hosts:70 ... I usually just run vim /home/vi/.ssh/known_hosts +70, dd wq and re-run the SSH command. How to do it simpler? Requirements: The warning should be displayed, and not like this: The authenticity of host '172.1.2.3 (172.1.2.3)' can't be established. It is easy to accept the key change. I expect something like this: $ ssh [email protected] @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ... The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is 82:cd:be:7a:ae:1b:91:2c:23:c1:74:4d:8a:38:10:32. Change the host key in /home/vi/.ssh/known_hosts (yes/no)? yes Warning: Changed host key for '172.1.2.3' (RSA) in the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: Simple and differs from usual "The authenticity of host can't be established." message.

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• unknown reciever Esmtp

  - by Morteza Soltanabadiyan

  I found this in my log server: sm-mta[11410]: r9BKb6YY021119: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (33/33), delay=2+07:24:18, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=esmtp, pri=29911032, relay=mail1.mkuku.com. [58.22.50.83], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection refused by mail1.mkuku.com. This message is repeated every 10-30 seconds with a different "to" address. What is this? Is my server being used to send spam?

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• Steps to install solely ubuntu 13.04 on Dell inspiron 14z ultrabook with SSD+HDD

  - by rishy

  I have tried a few things like disabling the Intel smart response, choosing AHCI in BIOS. But there are certain problems I am still facing. I can't see my SSD during the installation of ubuntu (I am planning to install Ubuntu on my SSD and other files on HDD). When I run Ubuntu my laptop gets overheated and battery backup reduces to 90 minutes. (I guess it's related to my graphic driver ATI Raedon HD 7570). Cooling fan seems to run at its fullest, it was working much better in windows. So, overall I wanted to know what are the exact steps I need to follow to install Ubuntu on my SSD and then use my HDD to keep other files, How can I get rid of overheating and battery backup problem?

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• Using command line to connect to a wireless network with an http login

  - by Shane

  I'm trying to connect to a wifi network where it hijacks all requests and redirects you to a page where you have to agree to a terms of use before it lets you connect to the actual outside world. This is a pretty common practice, and usually doesn't pose much of a problem. However, I've got a computer running Ubuntu 9.10 server with no windowing system. How can I use the command line to agree to the terms of use? I don't have internet access on the computer to download packages via apt-get or anything like that. Sure, I can think of any number of workarounds, but I suspect there's an easy way to use wget or curl or something. Basically, I need a command line solution for sending an HTTP POST request essentially clicking on a button. For future reference, it'd be helpful to know how to send a POST request with, say, a username and password if I ever find myself in that situation in another hotel or airport.

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• How can I measure TCP timeout limit on NAT firewall for setting keepalive interval?

  - by jmanning2k

  A new (NAT) firewall appliance was recently installed at $WORK. Since then, I'm getting many network timeouts and interruptions, especially for operations which would require the server to think for a bit without a response (svn update, rsync, etc.). Inbound SSH sessions over VPN also timeout frequently. That clearly suggests I need to adjust the TCP (and ssh) keepalive time on the servers in question in order to reduce these errors. But what is the appropriate value I should use? Assuming I have machines on both sides of the firewall between which I can make a connection, is there a way to measure what the time limit on TCP connections might be for this firewall? In theory, I would send a packet with gradually increasing intervals until the connection is lost. Any tools that might help (free or open source would be best, but I'm open to other suggestions)? The appliance is not under my control, so I can't just get the value, though I am attempting to ask what it currently is and if I can get it increased.

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• Good Alternative to Cygwin with Copy/Paste?

  - by Dan

  I am annoyed that I can't copy and paste into Cygwin... is there a good alternative to Cygwin that will let me do this? Thanks

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• GNOME Screensaver Widgets

  - by Dark Falcon

  Is there a way to add widgets to a Gnome screensaver? I think this can be done with KDE 4, but I've never liked KDE very much. I'm a programmer and comfortable with writing code if needed. I'd like to be able to: See the weather and forecast Control Rhythmbox Use a flash card widget for reviewing musical concepts The reason I want these on the screensaver is that I have login restrictions. I would like to be able to do a very limited subset of activities without having to log in.

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• credit or minclass does not work well with pam_cracklib.so in common-password (opeSuSe 11.3)

  - by Mario

  I'm trying to implement password complexities on my pdc. It's a samba PDC with openLDAP backend. I tried cracklib-check but it looks like that I should have a decent and localize version of password library since the library out there usually comes in english. I also have another consideration that we will allow users to use any kind of password - even though it's dictionary based - as long as their passwords integrated with low/upper alphabet, digits, and other characters such as '$' or '_' (pam_cracklib.so calls them as classes). So here is my /etc/pam.d/common-password: #password requisite pam_pwcheck.so nullok cracklib password requisite pam_cracklib.so minclass=4 reject_username ##password requisite pam_cracklib.so \ ## dcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 ocredit=-1 reject_username password optional pam_gnome_keyring.so use_autht_ok password required pam_unix2.so use_authtok nullok The first commented line (with #) was the default configuration of openSuse 11.3. The 2nd/3rd (with leading ##) is another configuration I use when minclass=4 line is commented out. By the way, I have 'check password script' = /usr/local/sbin/crackcheck -d /usr/share/cracklib/pw_dict and passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1 parameters in smb.conf and cracklib-check works fine too. So here is the test I conduct. I logon to windows and then change my password. Sometimes it works fine that it trows error message - which what I wanted, but simple password with only lower alphabets can pass windows change password. Maybe I should make a new library which incorporates local vocabularies, but a guy out there (raise your hand please if you read this :) ) also experienced the same trouble with english word. Besides, what we really want is to let user to choose 2 or 3 format password out of 4 classes. Is there a bug or something with pam module in openSuse 11.3? Thank you in advance. Regards, Mario

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• Monitor status while using VNC

  - by kumar

  So after connecting to a vnc server via vnc viewer to my desktop (remotely), Is it possible to know whether the monitor connected to the CPU is switched ON or not. Simply put, from command prompt how do you know whether monitor is ON/OFF from command line. Here, Basically I am bit worried about privacy as my monitor can be viewed by anyone while accessed remotely. Any solution? Obviously there is a option to switch off the monitor while starting the vnc server at remote side but I am looking for a better solution to control monitor(possible??) remotely. Thanks!

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• How to open port 25 on the server

  - by liuxingruo

  I'm using centOS. I want to implement a smtp mail server, and I have installed postfix and dovecot(both have been set correctly). I tried to telnet the 25 port, but it returns Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused So, How can I open the 25 port? Thanks!

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• Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled

  - by drN

  I am running 64 bit Ubuntu 11.10 on an i7 with 8gigs of ram. I thought of putting this on askubuntu.com but decided that maybe the question has a much broader appeal. I have the following error message popping up when I run math simulations. CPUn: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = xxxxxxx) CPUn: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = xxxxxxx) I realize that this is a hardware warning message (machine check exception, correct me if I am wrong). How do I turn these messages off? Since it doesn't seem to have a detrimental effect of my calculations or my computer (presumably), I don't like it cluttering up my virtual console screen with hundreds of these messages.

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• How does Slackware handle security updates?

  - by Abtin Forouzandeh

  I use a distribution that uses apt for package management and am accustomed to letting apt grab a list of package changes. I generally let it install all the needed security updates. I've been considering migrating to slackware. However, it seems slackware does not have a package management system. How would I learn about new security updates? Is the only way to monitor http://www.slackware.com/security/?

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