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• Why I cannot copy install.wim from Windows 7 ISO to USB (in linux env)

  - by fastreload

  I need to make a USB bootable disk of Windows 7 ISO. My USB is formatted to NTFS, ISO is not corrupt. I can copy install.wim elsewhere but I cannot copy it to USB. I even tried rsync. rsync error sources/install.wim rsync: writefd_unbuffered failed to write 4 bytes to socket [sender]: Broken pipe (32) rsync: write failed on "/media/52E866F5450158A4/sources/install.wim": Input/output error (5) rsync error: error in file IO (code 11) at receiver.c(322) [receiver=3.0.8] Stat for windows.vim File: `X15-65732 (2)/sources/install.wim' Size: 2188587580 Blocks: 4274600 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 671984 Links: 1 Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 1000/ umur) Gid: ( 1000/ umur) Access: 2011-10-17 22:59:54.754619736 +0300 Modify: 2009-07-14 12:26:40.000000000 +0300 Change: 2011-10-17 22:55:47.327358410 +0300 fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdd: 8103 MB, 8103395328 bytes 196 heads, 32 sectors/track, 2523 cylinders, total 15826944 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 32 15826943 7913456 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT hdparm -I /dev/sdd: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: UF?F?A????U]r???U u??tF?f?`~ Serial Number: ?@??~| Firmware Revision: ????V? Media Serial Num: $I?vnladip raititnot baelErrrol aoidgn Media Manufacturer: o eparitgns syetmiM Standards: Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0c75) Supported: 12 8 6 Likely used: 12 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 17218 0 heads 0 0 sectors/track 128 0 -- Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes cache/buffer size = unknown Capabilities: IORDY(may be)(cannot be disabled) Queue depth: 11 Standby timer values: spec'd by Vendor R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 0 Current = ? Recommended acoustic management value: 254, current value: 62 DMA: not supported PIO: unknown * reserved 69[0] * reserved 69[1] * reserved 69[3] * reserved 69[4] * reserved 69[7] Security: Master password revision code = 60253 not supported not enabled not locked not frozen not expired: security count not supported: enhanced erase 71112min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 172min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. Integrity word not set (found 0xaa55, expected 0x80a5)

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• How to remove static IP from Mitel 5312 and enable DHCP

  - by jimbo

  I'm not sure this is the right forum for this question -- although I'm confident I'll be told if not! -- but I've read the fine manual (at least, such a manual as I have), I've googled and I cannot get any insight into where to even start solving this problem. I have a bunch of Mitel 5312 handsets, talking to a 3300 ICP controller. Some handsets are at a remote location, get an address from my DHCP server over there, and use the Mitel "Teleworker" extension to connect in over the Internet. The remaining handsets were set up with static IPs by a BT-supplied engineer, on the same subnet as the ICP itself. So far, so good. I have one remaining teleworker licence, and need to move a handset from the home location to the remote. I've managed to boot it and configure teleworker, but I cannot for the life of me see where I tell it to forget its static IP, and make a DHCP request. Any ideas? Should I be looking on the controller, or holding magic combinations of buttons on the handset itself? EDIT: Following some advice from Robert, below, I've broken out a spare device and reassigned the profile for this user's extension to the MAC of the new phone, and a new profile to the old MAC. Unfortunately this still doesn't get me anywhere -- the new handset now asks for the teleworker install password. I suspect I'm going to have to get a Mitel engineer involved here, since I've never been given that password... Unless anyone has any great ideas?

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• Turn off monitor (energy saving) while in text console mode (in Linux)

  - by Denilson Sá

  How to configure Linux text console to automatically turn of the monitor after some time? And by "text console" I mean that thing that you get on ctrl+alt+F[1-6], which is what you get whenever X11 is not running. And, no, I'm not using any framebuffer console (it's a plain, good and old 80x25 text-mode). Many years ago, I was using Slackware Linux, and it used to boot up in text-mode. Then you would manually run startx after the login. Anyway, the main login "screen" was the plain text-mode console, and I remember that the monitor used to turn off (energy saving mode, indicated by a blinking LED) after some time. Now I'm using Gentoo, and I have a similar setup. The machine boots up in text-mode, and only rarely I need to run startx. I say this because this is mostly my personal Linux server, and there is no need to keep X11 running all the time. (which means: I don't want to use GDM/KDM or any other graphical login screen) But now, in this Gentoo text-mode console, the screen goes black after a while, but the monitor does not enter any energy-saving mode (the LED is always lit). Yes, I've waited long enough to verify this. Thus, my question is: how can I configure my current system to behave like the old one? In other words, how to make the text console trigger energy-saving mode of the monitor? (maybe I should (cross-)post this question to http://unix.stackexchange.com/ )

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• Cross OS data recover question, USB drive involved.

  - by Moshe

  Here's the story: A MacBook had OS X 10.4 and Windows XP dual booting using rEFIt. Then the Windows partition gets corrupted and it won't boot. Presumably a virus. There were sensitive files there and those were successfully copied to a USB drive and then 10.5 was installed on the hard drive, formatting the drive in the process. The USB drive's contacts cracked and he data is lost from there, unless it can be resoldered. The issues is that there is too much solder there already. So, how can the data in question be recovered? The files were Microsoft Money (not the latest version) files for the Windows version of the program. Right now, only OS X is installed on the MacBook. Is there Mac based program that can recover the Windows data or am I better off trying to resolder the drive? Does anyone know how to best resolder a USB drive more than once, where the first solder is ther, but detached from the silicon? Also, what format (extension) are Microsoft Money files? In need of help!

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• DAS vs SAN storage for serving 2 to 4 nodes

  - by Luke404

  We currently have 4 Linux nodes with local storage, arranged in two active/passive pairs with storage mirrored using DRBD, running virtual machines (actually using Xen Hypervisor) for typical hosting workloads (mail, web, a couple VPS, etc.). We're approaching the (presumed) maximum IOPS of those servers, and we're planning to migrate to an external storage solution with two active nodes, with capacity for up to four active nodes. Since we're an all-Dell shop I've done some research and found the MD3200 / MD3200i products should be the ones we're looking for. We are pretty sure we won't be attaching more than 4 hosts on a single storage and I'm wondering if there is any clear advantage for one or the other. In theory I should be able to attach 4 SAS hosts to a single MD3200 (single links on a single controller MD3200, or dual redundant SAS links from each host to a dual-controller MD3200), or 4 iSCSI hosts to a single MD3200i (directly on its 4 GigE ports without any switch, again with dual links for the dual controller option). Both setups should let us implement live VM migration since all hosts can access all the LUNs at the same time, and also some shared filesystem like GFS2 or OCFS2. Also, both setups should allow full redundancy of the whole system (assuming dual controllers in the storage). One difference I can see is that the DAS solution is actually limited to 4 hosts while the iSCSI one should be able to grow to more hosts (adding two GigE switches to the mix). One point for the iSCSI solution is that it would allow us to start out with our current nodes and upgrade them at a later time (we can't add other SAS controllers, but they already have 4 GigE ports each). With the right (iSCSI|SAS) controllers I should be able to connect diskless nodes and boot them off the external storage which I think is a good thing (get rid of any local storage). On the other hand, I would have thought the SAS one to be cheaper but it seems like an MD3200 actually costs a little less than an MD3200i (?) (please note: I've used Dell gear in my examples since that's what we're looking for but I assume the same goes with other vendors) I would like to know if my assumptions above are correct, and if I'm missing any important difference between the two setups.

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• Problem restoring from tar backup: why are there /dev/disk/by-id/ symlinks and how can I avoid them?

  - by SK.

  Hello, I'm trying to make a bare-bone backup system with the most basic tools available on openSUSE 11.3 (in this case: bash, fdisk, tar & grub legacy) Here's the workflow for my scripts: backup.sh: (Run from external system, e.g. LiveCD) make an fdisk script ($fscript) from fdisk -l's output [works] mount the partitions from the system's fstab [works] tar the crucial stuff in file.tgz [works] restore.sh: (Run from external system, e.g. LiveCD) run fdisk $dest < $fscript to restore partitioning [works] format and mount partitions from system's fstab [fails] extract from file.tgz [works when mounting manually] restore grub [fails] I have recently noticed that openSUSE (though I'm sure it has nothing to do with the distro) has different output in /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/menu.lst, more precisely the partition name is for example "/dev/disk/by-id/numbers-brandname-morenumbers-part2" instead of "/dev/sda2" -- but it basically is a simple symlink. My questions about this: what is the point of such symlinks, especially if we're restoring on a different disk? is there a way to cleanly prevent the creation of those symlinks and use the "true" /dev/sdx everywhere instead? if the previous is no, do you know a way to replace those symlinks on the fly in a text file? I tried this script but only works if the file starts with the symlink description (case of fstab, not menu.lst): ### search and replace /dev/disk/by-id/... to /dev/sdx while read oldVolume rest; do # get first element, ignore rest of line if [[ "$oldVolume" =~ ^/dev/disk/by-id/.*(-part[0-9]*$)? ]]; then newVolume=$(readlink $oldVolume) # replace pointer by pointee, returns "../../sdx" echo /dev/${newVolume##*/} $rest >> TMP # format to "/dev/sdx", write line else echo $oldVolume $rest >> TMP # nothing to do fi done < $file mv -f TMP $file # save changes I've had trouble finding a solution to this on google so I was hoping some of the members here could help me. Thank you.

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• Cheap desktop computer in 19" rack-mountable form-factor?

  - by Alex Basson

  I'm a high school teacher at a small private school. As of this year, we have SMARTBoards in every classroom (though I've had one in the class I share for two years now). The classrooms themselves don't have computers in them, so we teachers bring our laptops to class and connect them to the boards. This has several disadvantages: This takes a few minutes while we wait for the board to boot up and then orient the board to our individual laptop -- we have to do this every time b/c different teachers have different laptops requiring different orientations. This isn't ideal because when you only have 43 minutes per class period, waiting five minutes just to get started is a real waste. Carrying your laptop to class doesn't sound so bad until you consider that we're also carrying textbooks and piles of student papers, and we're carrying it all through crowded high school hallways. More than one laptop has fallen THUNK to the floor, with dire consequences. We feel we could eliminate the need to use our laptops with the SMARTBoards if we had a dedicated computer in each classroom hooked up to the board at all times. Each board set-up is connected to a podium with a standard 19" rack in it, currently housing a power supply and DVD player. There're plenty of rack spaces available. So I'm thinking: maybe we could get some inexpensive computers in a 19" rack-mountable form factor, install them in the podiums, and connect them to the boards on a permanent basis. Any suggestions?

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• PC can't detect second RAM installed

  - by kulwinder

  I have PC with 512 MB RAM installed (motherboard manufacture MICRO STAR, chipset P4M800), pc was running very slow so I decided to upgrade the ram. I installed CPU-Z and check the ram installed on the machine, also had a look at the stick installed. 512 MB PC 3200 400 MHz DDR but my mother supports 200 MHz and it was working ok. So I bought 2GB which I checked on manual that it support upto 2 GB Ram. So I installed 2GB PC 3200 400 MHz same as the old one, I plugged in both eventhough motherboard only support upto 2 GB but system spec only shows 512 (deducts 64 MB shared vga memory) I checked on CPU-Z, it detects both, slot 1 512 MB, slot 2 2048 MB, comparing screen for both slots, both the same, volt 2.5, frequency 166 MHz and 200MHz, only difference on those is 2gb ram shows under timings table 133MHz 166 MHz and 200MHz but 512 MB shows only 166MHz and 200MHz. I checked on Google and can't seems to figure out whats wrong with it. If I only plug in 2GB. Pc doesn't boot up like ram not working.With only 512 MB plugged in seems ok. Please help.

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• Why does this loopback device creation malfunction?

  - by user50118

  The stackoverflow people thought this was more appropriate here, I put it there as it is part of a program but I can see their POV, so here it is: At the bottom of the code you can see it failing. In fact, I'll put it here at the start too because it is the problem I need to solve: [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks) I don't understand why the device is supposedly too small. I made this partition two days ago with normal fdisk, it was created and formatted with ext4 supplying no options other than the partition (/dev/sdb2) to format. The only explaination I can think of is that ext4 has the size of the partition wrong somehow but that seems very unlikely. What is wrong with my math? The offset is correct, you can see that with the file command, and the size should be correct too because End - Start comes to the same number of sectors minus 1, just like it should (A disk starting on sector 1 and ending on sector 2 would be 2 - 1 = 1 and have two sectors). # sfdisk -luS /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 9729 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb2 78295040 156296384 78001345 83 Linux # losetup -r -f --show -o $((78295040 * 512)) --sizelimit $((78001345 * 512)) /dev/sdb /dev/loop0 # file -s /dev/loop0 /dev/loop0: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files) # mount -o ro -t ext4 /dev/loop0 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # dmesg | tail -n 1 [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks)

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• Compiling linux kernel, how much size is needed?

  - by ant2009

  Hello, I am have downloaded the newest most stable linux kernel 2.6.33.2 I thought I would test this using virtualbox. So I create a dynamically sized harddisk of 4gb. And installed CentOS 5.3 with just the minimum packages. I setup the make menuconfig with just the default settings. After that I ran make and got the following error: net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o: final close failed: No space left on device make[2]: *** [net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [net/bluetooth] Error 2 make: *** [net] Error 2 The amount of space I have left is: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 3.3G 3.3G 0 100% / /dev/hda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm My virtual size is 4gb, but the actual size is 3.5gb $ ls -hl total 7.5G -rw-------. 1 root root 3.5G 2010-04-13 14:08 LFS.vdi How much size should I give when compiling and installing a linux kernel? Is there any guidelines to follow when doing this? This is my first time, so just experimenting with this. Many thanks,

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• Update BIOS on Sun Fire X4150 server

  - by Massimo

  I have some Sun Fire X4150 servers with a very old BIOS release (1ADQW015), which seems to have some compatibility problems with WMware ESX Server 3.5 and Windows 2008 R2 virtual machines; so I want to update the BIOS on them. The problem: according to this page, if your servers run ELOM (mine do), you first need to update to the latest ELOM release, then to the interim transition release, then finally you can update to the latest one. Ok, I'm willing to do that... but it looks like Sun (now Oracle) will happily let you download the latest firmware DVD (3.3.0), but it will not let you download the transition release (2.0) if you don't have a support contract. Well, I actuall don't care at all about the servers' management controllers (we don't even use them), so upgrading from ELOM to ILOM is totally irrelevant to me; but I need to update the servers' BIOS. So my question is: can I update the servers' BIOS to the latest version without doing the full ELOM-to-ILOM migration, or will this not work (or even make the servers unusable)? Do BIOS versions and SP ones need to be matched, or can one be updated without bothering with the other? Bonus question: if this whole ELOM-to-ILOM thing actually is needed in order to update the BIOS, can that 2.0 CD-ROM be obtained without having a support contract with Sun/Oracle (which we are definitely not going to sign, being that quite old hardware)? Update: I tried upgrading only the BIOS on one of the servers, and it didn't boot anymore. So it really looks like a full firmware upgrade is needed, and the management controller and BIOS versions should be kept in sync. So... where can I find that *&!£%$% 2.0 CD-ROM? Or at least the transition firmware that can be found on it?

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• Virus ridden computer freezes on startup - can't access safe mode

  - by Eric

  Someone whom I love but who cannot be trusted with a live internet connection downloaded a particularly nasty virus that in turn downloaded a variety of unknown other viruses onto my home computer. The computer now freezes completely a few seconds after reaching the desktop and is unresponsive to any keyboard or mouse command. There are videos of my little kid on this hard drive that are not backed up and that I cannot bear to lose. But if I could get in there long enough to copy them off to an external drive I would have no problem doing a clean windows install to fix the problem; everything else is backed up online but the videos were too large. Normally I would start by going into safe mode but I have a large Dell monitor that doesn't show anything until the welcome screen appears. I think that I have gotten into the setup screen once or twice by mashing keys before I can see anything, but this monitor doesn't support that so I can't see what I'm doing to get it to boot from CD or anything else. I'm at my wits end. Any advice?

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• Wake OSX 10.8 over WiFi (WoWL - Wake on WiFi Lan)

  - by WrinkledCheese

  I have a stack of Apple Mac minis running SSH servers for remote login. The problem is that I can't seem to get them to wake up. From what I gathered, as of Mac OSX 10.7 you required to have a boot time option set - darkwake=0 10.7 and darkwake=no 10.8. So I tried this and then I came to the realization that this will probably work for a wired connection but I'm using WiFi. My wired connections are used for another local subnet without Internet access, so I have to get it to wake on WiFi. I realize that I can just set the stack of Mac minis to just not sleep, but I'm looking for a sleep enabled option. These services don't require initial response speed as once the connection is made they will be active and once they are no longer active they will hopefully go back to sleep. I have a FreeBSD box running avahi-daemon in order to try and wake the Macs with the Bonjour Service but it doesn't seem to work. I tried registering the service as Gordon suggested in the below post, but that just makes it so that there isn't a timeout when discovering services and resolving them. It still doesn't allow ssh connections to port 22 when it's asleep. For reference, I want what seems like what Gordon Davisson explained on this question: Wake on Demand for Apache server in OS X 10.8

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• unreadable corrupted ntfs partition - lost clusters reported

  - by Eduardo Martinez

  Hi, partition magic is reporting multiple 'bad file record signature' and 'lost clusters' errors on my 250GB samsung sata disk (connected via usb on a xp sp3). Unfortunately PM is unable to fix. PM shows the drive as being NTFS, detects used space ok and also drive name. But PM browser (right click on partition, browse...) won't show anything (as if disk was empty) Windows Explorer is not even picking the drive name and reports 'the file or directory is corrupted and unreadable' PTDD partition table doctor demo tells me the boot sector is fine, and I can see all disk content on its browser - but crucially cannot copy that content over to a new disk (PTDD browser is pretty arid to say the least) Also tried - photorec-6.11.3 - it actually started to extract files but wouldn't keep file names or any folder structure (maybe I missed sth on the configuration options) - find and mount - intellectual scan went well, the only partition on the disk was detected, then tried to mount into p: but got this error on windows explorer: 'p:\ is not accesible. The media is write protected'. Find and mount allows you to create an image from partition but I don't have a disk big enough at hand. Does anyone know if this will keep the extracted files/folders structure intact? I'm starting to think the disk is pretty screwed and my chances to recover this data are slim. Please someone enlighten me with that marvellous piece of software I am missing :-) Thanks in advance

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• Troubleshooting: Monitor never turns on, system fans running, DVD-ROM does not open.

  - by Wesley

  Hi all, Here are my specs beforehand: ECS P4VXASD2+ (V5.0) motherboard FSB 533MHz Intel Pentium 4 2.40A GHz Prescott Socket 478 2x 256MB PC2100 DDR RAM, 2x 256MB PC133 SDRAM CoolMax 350W PSU DVD-ROM - will edit with brand & model 128MB ATi Radeon 9800 Pro AGP No hard drive So, I just put those parts together today and I tried to power it up, with the monitor connected to the Radeon 9800 in the AGP slot (mobo does not have VGA port). After turning it on, the CPU fan, graphics fan and system fan go on. However, the monitor remains in standby mode, despite being plugged in. Also, after pushing the button on the DVD-ROM drive, it does not open. I've used the DVD-ROM drive before with absolutely no issues. The graphics card was slightly buggy when I put it on another machine, which was left outside in winter weather for 3 months. (Still that computer's integrated graphics worked fine.) CMOS battery was replaced and jumpers are all set correctly. Now, I'm wondering whether the motherboard, CPU, PSU or GPU is the problem. What can I do to test which part is the problem? Just to clarify, I don't have a hard drive, so I usually boot Ubuntu from the disc drive. Anyways, thanks in advance!

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• CentOS Installation on a Cisco MCS 7800

  - by William

  I'm having some problems installing CentOS 5.5 Final (i386) onto my server, a Cisco MCS 7800. The problem comes very early into the installation. When the welcome screen comes up and gives you the option on how to boot into the DVD, I'll press enter to go into the graphical installer. The screen will then have a blinking cursor in the top left of the screen and will never go away (I thought that it just might need time but I let it sit for over 5 hours). I then booted into it again and tried using Linux Text thinking it was a problem with the graphical installer. That didn't work, same problem. Then I tried a DVD of RHEL 5 and got the same problem, both graphical and Linux text. At this point I think it's a hardware problem. The server has 2GB of ECC RAM, 1 Pentium 4 CPU @ 3.06GHZ and 2 WD Hard Drives (80GB) configured for RAID 0. (There is also an option in the BIOS for what OS type and that is set to Linux.) If anyone has any idea what is going on, it would be helpful. Edit Typing "text" doesn't change a thing. Still stuck at the blinking cursor. I looked it up and it's really the same thing as typing "linux text", which as stated in the first part of my question, I've already done.

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• MD RAID 1 with external bitmap doesn't fully resync

  - by user64744

  I have an interesting configuration: dual boot system with a RAID 1 that needs to be visible in both Windows and Linux. The Windows install is Win 7 Enterprise, and the Linux install is Kubuntu 10.04. To get the RAID to work, I set it up using Windows's "Dynamic Disks" RAID 1, and brought it up in Linux using MD with no persistent superblock, and a write-intent bitmap on another partition. (Without this bitmap, MD had no way of knowing that the array was in sync, and would do a complete resync every time the array started.) The array is assembled like so: mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 I expected that the first time I ran this command, it would resync the array, write out a bitmap with no dirty chunks, and all would be good. This wasn't the case: after completing the resync, the bitmap was mostly clean, but about 5% dirty blocks remained, as revealed by mdadm -X /var/local/md1.bitmap I didn't mount the filesystem on /dev/md1 or touch it in any other way. I then found that stopping and restarting the array: mdadm --stop /dev/md1 mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 did indeed read in the bitmap, with an ensuing resync that went quickly because most of the blocks were marked clean. The confusing part is that this resync further reduced the number of dirty blocks, but still did not remove all of them. By repeatedly stopping and restarting I could slowly bring the dirty block count down to around 0.6%, where it seemed to level out. Any ideas what could be causing this? It smells to me of a race condition somewhere that leads to blocks either being skipped over during synchronization or not properly cleared from the bitmap, but I really have no evidence to prove this. It doesn't look like hardware issues since both drives are new and have zero read errors and reallocated sectors reported by smartctl -a.

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• Best way to integrate applications to windows 7 install.wim image

  - by cyph3r

  I have right now an unmodified .iso of a windows 7 32bit and 64bit installation disk. And I need to integrate to that some applications (office, adobe reader etc) and windows updates so that when windows are installed the above applications/updates are already installed and working. Requirements: My output has to be a install.wim image containing the new/improved windows installation files because the deployment is done via a pxe server and a custom windowsPE enviroment. The procedure to create the install.wim has to be as automatic as possible. I can't create it manually every time I want to incorporate a new windows or application update to the image. The image will be installed on 100+ computers so it needs to be 'generic'. I've never done something like this before but from what I searched a possible solution to this issue would be: To create a reference installation (preferably on a vm so I can take snapshots) complete with its applications/updates/settings. After the complete setup I take a snapshot of the installation Run C:\Windows\System32\sysprep\sysprep.exe /oobe /generalize /shutdown to sysprep the machine. Boot to a WindowsPE enviroment and capture the .wim image using gimagex. Deploy the .wim and enjoy the rapid installation times. :D Does that sound ok? Would you recommend anything else? Right now the applications are installed after the installation of windows is complete. So the total installation time is quite long. That's why I need a different approach.

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• Cannot load from raid with grub

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... This is my partial fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• Unable to PPTP through NAT on Cisco 881

  - by MasterRoot24

  I'm trying to connect to a PPTP server which is sat behind a Cisco 881 NAT router. The server is running Ubuntu Server 12.04 and is running Poptop pptpd as the PPTP daemon listening for connections. As discussed in my other question, I'm trying to setup a Cisco 881 router to replace my old Linksys WAG320N. This same server and WAN connection worked fine with the WAG320N with no special configuration, other than allowing 1723 in through the firewall. On the Cisco 881, I'm using the newer ip nat enable or NAT NVI to setup static routes in through the firewall for the services running behind the router. My reason being that I can't run another copy of my live DNS domains internally with local IP addresses in. For the purposes of this question, though, I have rebuilt the router with ip nat inside/outside style NAT'ing, but this issue is still apparent. HTTP/SMTP/IMAP etc. all work ok from both the WAN and LAN interfaces of the router. I'm only having issues with SIP (see other question) and PPTP. My issue is that the GRE doesn't appear to be passing through NAT correctly and one end of the connection is not receiving GRE traffic when it should be, so the server hangs up the connection. Here's an example of /var/log/syslog with debug enabled in /etc/pptpd.conf: Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: MGR: Launching /usr/sbin/pptpctrl to handle client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pppd options file = /etc/ppp/pptpd-options Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection started Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 1) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a START CTRL CONN RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 156 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 7) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Set parameters to 100000000 maxbps, 64 window size Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a OUT CALL RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Starting call (launching pppd, opening GRE) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pty_fd = 6 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: tty_fd = 7 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 32 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): program binary = /usr/sbin/pppd Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Plugin /usr/lib/pptpd/pptpd-logwtmp.so loaded. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Using interface ppp0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/3 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: Bad checksum from pppd. Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 15) Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Got a SET LINK INFO packet with standard ACCMs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connection terminated. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> avahi-daemon[1042]: Withdrawing workstation service for ppp0. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Modem hangup Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Exit. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: read(fd=6,buffer=6075a0,len=8196) from PTY failed: status = -1 error = Input/output error, usually caused by unexpected termination of pppd, check option syntax and pppd logs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: PTY read or GRE write failed (pty,gre)=(6,7) Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Reaping child PPP[22627] Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection finished Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Exiting now Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[5803]: MGR: Reaped child 22626 As far as Cisco are concerned, all I need is ip nat source static tcp <SERVER LAN IP> 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 but of course this doesn't seem to the be helping the GRE traffic through as it should. Trying the connection to the LAN IP of the server from the same LAN as the server (behind the router), the PPTP connection works fine, so I'm confident that the server's config is ok. Furthermore, all I needed on my WAG320N was to open 1723 in the firewall. Here's my current router config: ! ! Last configuration change at 20:20:15 UTC Tue Dec 11 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname xxx ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 4 xxxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 xxx quit ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! ip domain list dmz.xxx.local ip domain list xxx.local ip domain name dmz.xxx.local ip name-server 192.168.1.x ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn xxx ! ! username admin privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username joe secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.x 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ! ! ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line vty 0 4 access-class 2 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input all ! ! end UPDATE 16/12/2012: The only progress that I have been able to make on this issue is that I'm confident that the issue is caused by the GRE tunnels (which are required for the PPTP connection to complete) are being blocked. When attempting a connection, I can see in show ip nat nvi translations that both a TCP translation on 1723 is setup and also a GRE translation is setup also. I appear to be able to see GRE related packets on the LAN that the server is on, so I am lead to believe that the server is sending(?) GRE packets, however running Wireshark on a client PC when attempting a connection shows absolutely no GRE packets. Whilst there are no configuration directives in my config posted above (that I can pin point) which would specifically block them, it would appear that the GRE packets are not being allowed in/out of the router's firewall, even though a NAT translation entry is setup to the server's LAN address. Would anyone be able to provide me with some help to ensure that GRE packets are not blocked by the router's firewall, so that this can be ruled out as a possible issue please?

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• Cutting Ubuntu to the bone for Virtualbox VM

  - by user32853

  I've been looking around for a Linux variant which will install only the software I need rather than everything Ubuntu (for example) puts in by default. This is to create a virtual machine in Virtualbox which has bash, apache, python, perl, SQLite, openssh and a few other programs but nothing else. I'd prefer to go with Ubuntu if possible but another modern distro would do as well (I like using apt-get and yum rather than downloading/compiling etc). So far, I've tried: SuseStudio.com, which is probably the best so far. Pressing F4 to get the boot options on Ubuntu 9.10, but there is no minimal installation (I think there was once). Arch Linux, slightly confusing install procedure but I might go back and try again. Gentoo, started well but fairly soon the HD on the virtual machine went to 2Gb, even before the installation had started in earnest (I'd partitioned the disks is all). I realise there are various "small" Linuxes around like Puppy, Feather, DSL, etc, but they seem to be aimed at desktop users or as a techie's toolkit, and I want a small-as-possible server distro which can be managed with tools like apt or yum or similar. TIA for any advice you can offer! -- Monty

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• Managing disk in a VM

  - by dst

  I'm replacing my two old rack servers with a new one that has plenty of power to take over the functionality my current servers. The server is a 4U rack mount with 16 3.5" SAS drive bays, two 2.5" bays, a Xeon E3-1230v2 CPU and 32GB of ECC RAM. My issue is the following. I would like to have a FreeBSD file server with ZFS managing disks. However, I need other VMs for e.g. a shell/git server, mail server etc. I'm wondering how to deal with the following issues: I want ZFS to fully manage the disks, so I'm not using any hardware RAID. Should I pass the SAS controller directly to the FreeBSD system as passthrough PCI? I want to maximize the reliability of the setup. On what disks should I install the hypervsor and keep server system disks? For (2) I have the option of having a RAID setup on the SAS controller and using that as system disk to store the hypervisor as well as VM images. However, this makes PCI passthrough to the file server impossible. Another option is using the two 2.5" bays. In terms of reliability how are SSDs compared to e.g. WD RE4 disks? Would it make sense to have two SSDs in software RAID as boot disks for the hypervisor or should I just go with e.g. WD RE4 disks in a software RAID setup. I also need to think about where to store the mails for the mail server, but this could be done over NFS between the VMs. BTW, this is for home use, so the load is not really that big. What I'm looking for is best practices for splitting up a server.

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• FastGate A20 Line And Himem.sys Issue With Updating BIOS

  - by Boris_yo

  I have been persistent with a thought to perform my first BIOS update ever through MS-DOS but have been postponing this task until today. Despite people telling me any bootable ISO will do it either through CD-ROM or RAMDRIVE, I am still having problems. First is the problem with CD-ROM driver trying to make it work with 4 driver files (cd1.SYS, cd2.SYS, cd3.SYS, cd4.SYS) as well as starting RAMDISK proved to be failure: CD-ROM XMS Allocation Error RAMDISK XMS Allocaton Error (X: and R: drives not working) This A20 line seemed to be the obstacle which then after a couple of searches pointed me to this article on Microsoft website. It seems that FastGate is the culprit which takes over A20 line and conflicts with himem.sys which should be handling it causing the driver to be unable to allocate memory resources. Albeit article suggests 2 workarounds which is disabling FastGate option or adding switch, I read that the former workaround could cause problems which involves later tinkering BIOS, disabling shadow copy etc. while the latter workaround can just hang system as stated in the link above. I assume it just hangs the boot process from image file though. Summing up the above, I am cautious and think it is risky to follow both workarounds because disabling FastGate or trying adding switch by trying available switches from 1-14 or 16, could crash the BIOS update process by itself. I could do this without the need for himem.sys with bootable USB thumbdrive by making it to be seen as USB-HDD, but some time ago I read that it is never a good idea to update BIOS from hard drive so even thought it is simulation, who knows... Maybe it will deactivate hard drive in the middle of the BIOS update process or even USB thumbdrive per se? One forum discussion was about updating BIOS and somebody suggested to not load himem.sys for some reason, but now that I think of it, what if BIOS update needs upper memory?

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• fail2ban block ports rules iptable

  - by J Spen

  I just installed Ubuntu Server 14.04 and don't have much experience with IPtables. I am trying to get a basic setup going where I only accept SSH connections on port 22 and 2222. I actually have that working with no problem using fail2ban ssh. Then I wanted to block all other ports except 423 and 4242 but either method of DROPing all connections that are not listed seems not to work and it blocks me out of everything. Below is the setup that works: -P INPUT ACCEPT -P FORWARD ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -N fail2ban-ssh -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,2222 -j fail2ban-ssh -A fail2ban-ssh -j RETURN I tried to change it either to: -P INPUT DROP -P FORWARD ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -N fail2ban-ssh -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,2222 -j fail2ban-ssh -A fail2ban-ssh -j RETURN or: -P INPUT ACCEPT -P FORWARD ACCEPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT -N fail2ban-ssh -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,2222 -j fail2ban-ssh -A INPUT -j DROP -A fail2ban-ssh -j RETURN I have noticed that the rules for fail2ban-ssh are automatically added to my iptables on boot because if I save them with iptables-persistant they are entered twice. How do I go about blocking everything accept those 2 ports using fail2ban? Is it a bad fail2ban configuration or do I need to add the fail2ban-ssh -j Return somewhere else in my code.

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• KVM error with device pass through

  - by javano

  I am running the following command booting a Debian live CD passing a host PCI device to the guest as a test and KVM errors out; kvm -m 512 -boot c -net none -hda /media/AA502592502565F3/debian.iso -device pci-assign,host=07:00.0 PCI region 1 at address 0xf7920000 has size 0x80, which is not a multiple of 4K. You might experience some performance hit due to that. No IOMMU found. Unable to assign device "(null)" kvm: -device pci-assign,host=07:00.0: Device 'pci-assign' could not be initialized lspci | grep 07 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: 3Com Corporation 3c905C-TX/TX-M [Tornado] (rev 74) I shoved an old spare NIC into my motherboard to test PCI pass through. I have searched the Internet with Goolge and found that errors relating to "No IOMMU found" often mean the PCI device is not supported by KVM. Does KVM have to support the device being "passed-through"? I though the point was to pass the device through and let the guest worry about it? Ultimately I want to pass-through a PCI random number generator, is this not going to be possible with KVM? Thank you.

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