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• Two distinct mount points with one device

  - by user1761555

  After being disappointed with Ubuntu's release update feature, I finally decided to have separate mount points for / and /home. Towards this, I reformatted my HDD giving most of my drive to sda1(meant to be /home) and allocated about 40GB to rootfs (/). Unfortunately, I would also like to have a /projects which is to be located on sda1. Currently, sda1 is being mounted as /dev/sda1 on /home type ext4 (rw) I've tried looking online for a solution to this problem..however, I'm not sure as to what to look for! Is it possible to mount the 'home' directory of sda1 as /home and 'projects' directory of sda1 as /projects?

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• HAProxy overload protection

  - by user2050516

  using the HAProxy, would it be possible to configure an overload protection, to limit the amount of requests sent to the backing http server(s) to a given rate (z.B 100 Request per second ). If the threshold is exceeded requests should be answered with a default response. I am interested in requests per second not connections per second as a connection can have many requests. And yes to improve the servers is not an option here. If yes a configuration example to achieve that would be excellent. Thank you in advance.

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• can i use an ip-list include file for iptable blacklisting

  - by rubo77

  I would like to block all countries except mine in iptables, that is a lits with about 100.000 Entries. how can i define this blacklistfile in a script, so iptables blocks all those ip-ranges? maybe i can use http://www.ipdeny.com/ipblocks/data/countries/ that provides lists in the form 117.55.192.0/20 117.104.224.0/21 119.59.80.0/21 121.100.48.0/21 ... i want to be able to change the blacklistfile easily without having to change the iptables-script

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• E: Internal Error, Could not perform immediate configuration (2) on libattr1 ? in Ubuntu

  I am working with Ubuntu latest version. While installing via apt-get install i tried to abort that by pressing Ctrl+Z. It terminate successfully ;). But next time when i tried to use apt-get, i got some error "lock" and "temporally unavailable" something like that and **I unfortunately i delete the /var/lib/dkpg folder.** after that i cant install anything from apt-get, getting an error. E: Internal Error, Could not perform immediate configuration (2) on libattr1 so how can i solve this issue?

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• How do I install Apache Portable Runtime?

  - by apache

  My Apache is installed by yum install apache And now I'm trying to install subversion server from source following instructions here. But when I try to configure,get an error: [root@vps303 subversion-1.6.9]# ./configure configure: Configuring Subversion 1.6.9 configure: creating config.nice checking for gcc... gcc checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking whether the C compiler works... yes ... checking for APR... no configure: WARNING: APR not found The Apache Portable Runtime (APR) library cannot be found. Please install APR on this system and supply the appropriate --with-apr option to 'configure' or get it with SVN and put it in a subdirectory of this source: svn co \ http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/apr/apr/branches/1.2.x \ apr Run that right here in the top level of the Subversion tree. Afterwards, run apr/buildconf in that subdirectory and then run configure again here. Whichever of the above you do, you probably need to do something similar for apr-util, either providing both --with-apr and --with-apr-util to 'configure', or getting both from SVN with: svn co \ http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/apr/apr-util/branches/1.2.x \ apr-util configure: error: no suitable apr found How do I get around this problem? BTW,will both client and server software be installed by compiling from source?

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• Disk partition errors after size change

  - by benjamin.d

  I increased the disk size of one of my VM when it was running. After a reboot, I get the following error message (at boot time): Mounting local filesystems...failed Now the VM is only accessible through ESX console (not through ssh), and nothing is working anymore.... I already tried to run fsck, but without success. The result of mount: The result of blkid: The result of fstab: Thanks for your help

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• rsync invocation to replace symlinks pointing to source?

  - by bdbaddog

  Currently I'm moving a big filesystem to a new server as the original fileserver is no longer able to handle the filesystem writes. To make this quick I made symlinks at the target filesystem pointing to the original filesystem. Initially: /company/release (mountpoint of the original filesystem) After migration: /company/release.old (points to original filesystem after automount map update) /company/release (points to new fileserver/filesystem after automount map update) In /company/release there are symlinks like the following: /company/release/product-1.0.tar.gz - /company/release.old/product-1.0.tar.gz /company/release/product-1.0 - /company/release.old/product-1.0 (this is a tree of files) Using symlinks allowed me to move the writes to the new filesystem quickly. Now I'd like to slowly migrate the existing files and directories to the new filesystem. The problem I'm running into is that since the symlinks point back at the original files rsync doesn't see any difference and so it doesn't actually copy the file(s) or directory(s) and remove/overwrite the symlinks. Is there a set of rsync flags which will do what I want?

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• mysql disk io keeps increasing ... is that normal?

  - by trustfundbaby

  So I've been trying to figure out this disk IO problem I have been having with my linode VPS. Over the last day or two I've just left watch -n1 pidstat -d running in a console window and the output looks like this: Monitoring it over the last few days, I've noticed that my problem lies with the init, searchd, and mysql processes. Searchd is sphinx and all its indexes are on disk, so disk io there is inevitable (apparently). What I can't understand is why the disk reads (kB_rd/s) for mysql refuse to stabilize and just keep going up. It started out at 154 yesterday and is up to what you see in that screen shot. but disk writes (kB_wr/s) have remained pretty constant the entire time. My VPS only has 768MB RAM, my mysql db has a size of about 220MB and after running mysqltuner.pl and reading a bit about it, I've been advised to set my innodb_buffer_pool_size to 220MB but I simply cannot afford to do that ... I have it up to 150MB. My question is twofold. Why does the init process have that much disk reading to do? Why is mysql doing so much disk reading?

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• Must have local user to authenticate Samba to AD?

  - by Phil

  I've got a CentOS 5.3 server with Samba running. I've joined this server to my domain in the hopes of allowing AD users some access to my Samba shares. I've found that this works, but only as long as the AD username that I'm trying to authenticate with is also a local user on the server. In other words, if I'm trying to access a share, and try to authenticate with the AD username "joe", I get errors unless I create a user named 'joe' on the server. I don't have to create a matching password or anything....the local user's password is always blank, so I do know that the authentication is actually happening against the AD. Here's my smb.conf file: [global] workgroup = <mydomain> server string = <snip> netbios name = HOME security = ADS realm = <mydomain.com> password server = <snip> auth methods = winbind log level = 1 log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log [amore] path = /var/www/amore browseable = yes writable = yes valid users = DOMAIN\user1 DOMAIN\user2 DOMAIN\user3 DOMAIN\user4 I would assume that my kerberos settings are fine, as I've joined the domain and can use wbinfo to see users and groups. However, I can provide that info if necessary. Anyone have any ideas?

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• How to use the date command

  - by SCNCN2010

  How to use the date command to display, for example, 10-Mar-2010 01:01:53? What's the format string?

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• Iptables port mapping from two PCs to one

  - by Anton

  We have 3 PCs, two of it are connected to internet (both of it have 2 NIC) PC1: eth0 - 1.0.0.1 (external IP) eth1 - 172.16.0.1 (internal IP) PC2: eth0 - 1.0.0.2 (external IP) eth1 - 172.16.0.2 (internal IP) PC3: eth0 - 172.16.0.3 (internal IP) Now we want to map port 80 from PC1 and PC2 to PC3. But there is the problem: iptables port forwarding works well from PC1 or PC2, but only in case if PC3 have PC1 or PC2 as gateway. So, question is: can we have port mapping from both PC1 and PC2 regardless of gateway settings on PC3? Thank you in advance.

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• Running a script at startup as root?

  - by Usman Ajmal

  Hi i developed a script which I set to run at startup i.e. when the Desktop appears. In the script I mounted a partition using sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt &> result.txt After executing script a file named result.txt was created which contained sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified In other words the mounting failed. If I run the script using sudo ./myProgram i don't face this problem and the drive gets mounted successfully. Any suggestions please....

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• Why is /dev/urandom only readable by root since Ubuntu 12.04 and how can I "fix" it?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I used to work with Ubuntu 10.04 templates on a lot of servers. Since changing to 12.04 I have problems that I've now isolated. The /dev/urandom device is only accessible to root. This caused SSL engines, at least in PHP, for example file_get_contents(https://... to fail. It also broke redmine. After a chmod 644 it works fine, but that doesnt stay upon reboot. So my question. why is this? I see no security risk because... i mean.. wanna steal some random data? How can I "fix" it? The servers are isolated and used by only one application, thats why I use openvz. I think about something like a runlevel script or so... but how do I do it efficiently? Maby with dpkg or apt? The same goes vor /dev/shm. in this case i totally understand why its not accessible, but I assume I can "fix" it the same way to fix /dev/urandom

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• puppet onlyif specified nodes

  - by Valintinr

  I'm trying to write a puppet template. I have a puppet-master and a few puppet-agents and they all must be divided. I think it's good to do this by the node's hostname. But when I tried to do this I've encountered an error "puppet-agent[169037]: (/Stage[main]//Exec[adduser]) Could not evaluate: Could not find command 'ru1'" see code below exec { 'adduser': command => 'sudo adduser -m -p pawSfQewWrUAA test -G wheel', path => [ '/bin','/usr/bin' ], onlyif => "$hostname == ru1" } I need to specify this task for only one node with the hostname ru1. So have can I do this? Thanks.

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• VPS with multiple domains, can EXIM send mail from a different domain?

  - by Mike L.

  I building a site for a client on a VPS running CentOS 5.5 with cPanel WMH 11.28.60. The original domain is XXXXXinvestmenttrust.com. He has about a dozen domains on this server. The site I am building will have confirmation emails as well as provide users to anonymize their email address (like craigslist) I set up email piping to forward emails, but they are all being trapped in the spam folder. A close look at the headers, the emails appear to be comming from [email protected] rather than the actual domain. The IP has a rating of Neutral on www.senderbase.com. I believe it is the conflicting information in the header (the fields set by me, specify the actual domain where the headers put in place by EXIM specify to name of the server) Somewhere I read about SPF & MX entries can fix this, but I have been unable to figure out how. Also, All of the domains use the same IP, and the other websites do not send emails. So I could possibly make the domain in question, the primary (where all emails are sent from that domain by default) Is that possible?

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• yum security update - message indicating kernel version not up to date

  - by JMC

  Running yum --security check-update returns this message: Security: kernel-3.x.x-x.63 is an installed security update Security: kernel-3.x.x-x.29 is the currently running version I already ran the yum security update on the kernel, but it looks like it didn't change the version running on the system. What needs to be done to make it run the new kernel? Are there any concerns about why it didn't change during the installation process? The yum log just shows installed for the new kernel no error messages.

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• Can't create LVM due to: not found (or ignored by filtering)

  - by James

  I'm planning to use LVM for KVM, and when I try to create a VG it fails, so how can I create my VG and LV ? Thanks [root@server ~]# vgcreate virtual-machines /dev/sda Device /dev/sda not found (or ignored by filtering). Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda' to volume group 'virtual-machines'. [root@server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 2.0T 929G 976G 49% / tmpfs 3.9G 124K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 57M 128M 31% /boot [root@server ~]# pvscan No matching physical volumes found

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• Backing up 80G hard drive 1G per day

  - by barrycarter

  I want to securely backup my 80G HD, but doing a complete backup takes forever and slows down my machine, so I want to backup just 1G per day. Details: % First hurdle: on the first day, I want to backup the "first" 1G of the hard drive. Of course, there really is no "first" 1G on a hard drive. % After 80 days, I'll have my whole HD backed up... assuming none of my files ever change, which of course they do. So the backup plan/program must also catch file creation/changes as they come along. % The backups must be consistent, in that I can restore my system by restoring the backups sequentially. In other words, "dd if=/harddrive" probably won't work. % The backups should encrypt file contents AND names, but I don't see this as a major hurdle. % Once the backup has backed up everything (even changed files), it can re-backup the first 1G on my hard drive. Even though this backup is redundant, that's OK, because I always want to be backing up something (eg, if I'm backing up to optical media, the older media might start going corrupt). Is there a magic backup plan/program that does this? In reality, I want to do this for multiple machines with multiple drives each, but think that solving the above will solve the general case.

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• Website & Forum sharing the same login credentials ?

  - by Brian

  I am going to be running a small site (100 hits a week maybe) and I am looking for a quick and easy way to share login information between the main website, a control panel (webmin, cpanel, or something), and the forum. One login needed to access any of the three. The website won't have use for the login, per say. But it will display "logged in" when you are on the website. Any custom solutions, any thoughts, logic, examples?

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• Raid1+0: create stripe over two /dev/mdx on partition or not?

  - by Chris

  Given that I haven't found a way to define how a Raid10 is created with mdadm, i went the Raid1+0 solution. How to display/define Mirror/Stripping pairs with mdadm mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdf1 mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdg1 /dev/sdh1 mdadm --create /dev/md10 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/md0 /dev/md1 My question is about the stripe. For the mirror I create a primary partition over the full HD and set partition type to FD. So, should I do the same for the Stripe? Create partition on /dev/md0 and /dev/md1 (primary over full 'HDD', set partition type correctly) and then do the stripe on the partition? Is there a correct way here or are there any advantages/disadvantages to a solution? Thank you

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• How to auto detect text file encoding?

  - by ???

  There are many plain text files which were encoded in variant charsets. I want to convert them all to UTF-8, but before running iconv, I need to know its original encoding. Most browsers have an Auto Detect option in encodings, however, I can't check those text files one by one because there are too many. Only having known the original encoding, I then can convert the texts by iconv -f DETECTED_CHARSET -t utf-8. Is there any utility to detect the encoding of plain text files? It doesn't have to be a 100% perfect correct, but it should recognize most of them.

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• Setting differing ACLs on directories and files

  - by durandal

  Quick ACL question: I want to set up default permissions for a file share so that everyone can rwx all of the directories and so that all newly created files are rw. Everyone who is accessing this share is in the same group, so this isn't a concern. I have looked at doing this via ACLs without changing all of the users' umasks and such. Here are my current invocations: setfacl -Rdm g:mygroup:rwx share_name setfacl -Rm g:mygroup:rwx share_name My problem is that while I want all of the newly created sub-directories to be rwx, I only want newly created files to be rw. Does anyone have a better method to achieve my desired end-result? Is there some way to set ACLs on directories separately from files, in a similar vein to "chmod +x" vs. "chmod +X"? Thanks

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• How do I debug an upstart job?

  - by Cerales

  I have the following job in /etc/init/collector: start on runlevel [2345] stop on runlevel [!2345] expect daemon exec /usr/bin/twistd -y /path/to/my/tac/file When I start the job with sudo service collector start, it hangs. If I ctrl-c and run initctl list, I see this: collector start/killed, process 616 I can't see an instance of the twistd daemon in ps, and the HTTP server it's supposed to be providing does not exist. I even tried this without 'expect daemon' and with a simple call to a one-line bash script using a script stanza, and it still doesn't work. I think I'm doing something very wrong. What could it be?

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• Distributed filesystem across a slow link

  - by Jeff Ferland

  I have an image in my head where a link is too slow to realize the real-time transfer of files, but fast enough to catch up every day. What I'd like to see is a master <- master setup where when I write a file to Server A, the metadata will transfer to Server B immediately and the file will transfer at idle or immediately when Server B's client tries to read the file before Server A has sent it. It seems that there are many filesystems which can perform well over fast links, but I don't know of any that do well with a big bottle neck and a few hours of latency.

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• Apache downloads php files instead of running their source

  - by Devils Child

  I have just recently upgraded PHP 5.3 to 5.4 on my Debian Squeeze server. Now, instead of executing PHP files, Apache just downloads them, which is really bad. When I try to follow these steps, I get "broken packages" upon installing the libapache2-mod-php5 package. Also the answer tells me to add something to my httpd.conf, but it's empty. Question: How can I make apache execute php files again, instead of just passing them through as download? dpkg -l | grep php returns this rc libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.3-7+squeeze15 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module) rc php5-cli 5.3.3-7+squeeze15 command-line interpreter for the php5 scripting language ii php5-common 5.4.15-1~dotdeb.2 Common files for packages built from the php5 source rc php5-gd 5.3.3-7+squeeze15 GD module for php5 rc php5-mcrypt 5.3.3-7+squeeze15 MCrypt module for php5 rc php5-mysql 5.3.3-7+squeeze15 MySQL module for php5 rc php5-suhosin 0.9.32.1-1 advanced protection module for php5 rc phpmyadmin 4:3.3.7-7 MySQL web administration tool And apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 produces this error The following packages have unmet dependencies: libapache2-mod-php5 : Depends: libdb5.1 but it is not installable Depends: libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.0) but it is not installable Depends: libxml2 (>= 2.8.0) but 2.7.8.dfsg-2+squeeze7 is to be installed Recommends: php5-cli but it is not going to be installed E: Broken packages

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