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  • Sendmail is not ignoring MX lookups

    - by daniel
    Hello, I recently learned of the joys of square brackets with SMART_HOST to have sendmail ignore MX lookups. I need this functionality, however, I can't seem to make it persistant. Sending mail with -Am works, however, -bm does not. In the -Am case, the correct mail server is used. In the -bm case, an MX lookup is still being performed. Is there a way to disable MX lookups (or some working alternative)? Thanks

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  • Why doesn't NFS recognize a new UID?

    - by user76177
    I have two servers running RHEL6. I have root access to both. The main server, which I will refer to as server, is a database server. The application server, which I will refer to as client, mounts a directory from server via NFS. There is a user, appuser, on both client and server. However, appuser's UID on client is 502. appuser's UID on server is 506. Both users need read and write capability on the NFS share. To facilitate this, I made the share owned by appuser on server. Running id appuser on each yields: uid=506(appuser). Of course, client does not recognize that ownership, since appuser has a different id on client. So I did the following: Changed UID of user in /etc/passwd on client to be 506. Changed ownership of appuser's $HOME on client to be appuser again so that I could log in. Now, when I go to look at the NFS share from the client side, I see that it is owned by 502. 502 is the OLD id for appuser on client. I can't change ownership of the NFS share from client, since that is a volume that physically resides on server. I need to make sure that the NFS share shows ownership of appuser from both server and client. What step have I missed since changing the appuser id on client? NOTE: I have not rebooted client (or anything else.)

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  • How to verify TRIM/discard on encrypted swap?

    - by svarni
    I am using an encrypted swap partition via ecryptfs-setup-swap on my Ubuntu 13.04 computer using a SSD. I have manually set up trim for my ext4 root partition (simply by adding the "discard" option in /etc/fstab). I also manually ran fstrim on the root partition prior to booting and using dstat I saw that for a few seconds several GB/s of data have been written to the disk. That was presumably the effect of the trim command. These high writerates are reproducable by deleting huge files and have not occured before setting up trim, so I take them as evidence for working trim/discard. Manually enabling trim on my root partition has stopped the wearout of my precious new disk from 365 used reserved blocks (out of 6176 total) within three months down to 0 additional used reserved blocks within three additional months (data from SMART attributes). Because I want to minimize the wearout of my SSD I now would like to know whether my swap partition (which is encrypted using ecryptfs-setup-swap) also makes use of the trim/discard option. I tried sudo swapon -d -v /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 but did not receive particular information ("-v") about whether trim/discard ("-d") was applied. If unsupported, i would expect a message. Then I tried sudo dd if=/dev/sda6 count=1 BS=1M | xxd | less directly after booting and when no swapspace was used but I saw not only zeroes. I assume, when looking at freshly trimmed regions, the disk would send zeroes instead of reading random sectors (and according to some forums, (unencrypted) swap space is trimmed once upon boot). Long story short: Are there any ideas on how to test if trim is effectively used for my encrypted swap? And if not, any ideas on how to - at least manually, for once - trim the whole swap space? I wouldn't want to tinker with the partition itself, because I dont know if it needs to be reinitialized as (encrypted) swap - I dont want to be left with an unbootable system :)

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  • Why not block ICMP?

    - by Agvorth
    I think I almost have my iptables setup complete on my CentOS 5.3 system. Here is my script... # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP For context, this machine is a Virtual Private Server Web app host. In a previous question, Lee B said that I should "lock down ICMP a bit more." Why not just block it altogether? What would happen if I did that (what bad thing would happen)? If I need to not block ICMP, how could I go about locking it down more?

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  • winbind not working

    - by Yon
    I'm trying to set up winbind with an Active Directory running on Win2003. This works: net rpc user -S SOMEDOMAIN -U Administrator Password: Administrator ASPNET Demo Guest IUSR_SERVER20 IWAM_SERVER20 krbtgt RemoteUser SUPPORT_388945a0 This does not: wbinfo -u Error looking up domain users From the winbindd log: [2012/05/31 16:45:38, 1] nsswitch/winbindd_ads.c:ads_cached_connection(128) ads_connect for domain SOMEDOMAIN failed: Operations error [2012/05/31 16:46:38, 1] nsswitch/winbindd_util.c:trustdom_recv(230) Could not receive trustdoms ADS is not working with this domain. Why is winbind trying to use it instead of RPC? How can I force it to use only RPC and for all of this to work?

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  • OpenVPN IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel

    - by user66779
    Today I installed OpenVPN 2.3rc2 on both my windows 7 client machine and centos 6 server. This new version of OpenVPN provides full compatibility for IPv6. The Problem: I am currently able to connect to the server (through the IPv4 tunnel) and ping the IPv6 address which is assigned to my client and I can also ping the tun0 interface on the server. However, I cannot browse to any IPv6 websites. My vps provider has given me this: 2607:f840:0044:0022:0000:0000:0000:0000/64 is routed to this server (2607:f840:0:3f:0:0:0:eda). This is ifconfig after setup with OpenVPN running: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3E:12:77:54 inet addr:208.111.39.160 Bcast:208.111.39.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: 2607:f740:0:3f::eda/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe12:7754/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2317253 errors:0 dropped:7263 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1977414 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1696120096 (1.5 GiB) TX bytes:1735352992 (1.6 GiB) Interrupt:29 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: 2607:f740:44:22::1/64 Scope:Global UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:739567 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1218240 errors:0 dropped:1542 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:46512557 (44.3 MiB) TX bytes:1559930874 (1.4 GiB) So OpenVPN is sucessfully creating a tun0 interface and assigning clients IPv6 addresses using 2607:f840:44:22::/64. The first client to connect is getting 2607:f840:44:22::1000 and the second 2607:f840:44:22::1001, and so on... plus 1 each time. After connecting as the first client, I can ping from my windows client machine 2607:f740:44:22::1 and 2607:f740:44:22::1000. However, I have no access to IPv6 websites. I believe the problem is that the tun0 IPv6 addressees are not being forwarded to the eth0 interface. This is the firewall running on the server: #!/bin/sh # # iptables configuration script # # Flush all current rules from iptables # iptables -F iptables -t nat -F # # Allow SSH connections on tcp port 22 # iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT # # Set access for localhost # iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # # Accept connections on 1195 for vpn access from client # iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 1195 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --sport 1195 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # # Apply forwarding for OpenVPN Tunneling # iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to 209.111.39.160 iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT # # Enable forwarding # echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # # Set default policies for INPUT, FORWARD and OUTPUT chains # iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # # IPv6 # IP6TABLES=/sbin/ip6tables $IP6TABLES -F INPUT $IP6TABLES -F FORWARD $IP6TABLES -F OUTPUT echo -n "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding echo -n "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/proxy_ndp echo -n "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/autoconf echo -n "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_ra $IP6TABLES -A INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT $IP6TABLES -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT $IP6TABLES -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmpv6 -j ACCEPT $IP6TABLES -P INPUT ACCEPT $IP6TABLES -P FORWARD ACCEPT $IP6TABLES -P OUTPUT ACCEPT Server.conf: server-ipv6 2607:f840:44:22::/64 server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 port 1195 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key dh dh2048.pem ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" keepalive 10 60 tls-auth ta.key 0 cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo user nobody group nobody persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log log-append openvpn.log verb 5 Client.conf: client dev tun nobind keepalive 10 60 hand-window 15 remote 209.111.39.160 1195 udp persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt key client1.key cert client1.crt remote-cert-tls server tls-auth ta.key 1 comp-lzo verb 3 cipher AES-256-CBC I'm not sure where I am going wrong, it could be the firewall, or something missing from server or client.conf. This version of OpenVPN was only released yesterday, and there's little info on the internet about how to setup an IPv6 over IPv4 vpn tunnel. I've read the manual for this new version of OpenVPN (parts pertaining to IPv6) and it provides very little info too. Thanks for any help.

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  • [Ubuntu] Can't change permission for bash.bashrc file

    - by user20285
    I tried following the example from here (http://catcode.com/teachmod/chmod_cmd2.html): Open up publicity.html for reading and writing by anyone. Before: -rw-r--r-- publicity.html Command: chmod og=rw publicity.html After: -rw-rw-rw- publicity.html Here's my terminal session: username@ubuntu:/etc$ -rw-r--r-- bash.bashrc -rw-r--r--: command not found username@ubuntu:/etc$ chmod og=rw bash.bashrc chmod: changing permissions of `bash.bashrc': Operation not permitted username@ubuntu:/etc$ -rw-rw-rw- bash.bashrc -rw-rw-rw-: command not found

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  • FreeNAS/ZFS/Raid-Z slightly different disks

    - by muskratt
    I'm considering using FreeNAS and "recycling" some of my older 1TB disks. Two are the exact same model Western Digital while another is Seagate and the fourth is Samsung. Typically, since all disks are not equal, I'll create my arrays on a Windows-based server 1GB undersized to prevent a replacement disk not being large enough. Dell is notorious for sending replacement SATA disks of different brand---knock on wood, no problems yet. Since not all drives are created equally and they can vary a few MBs, is there a way to make the the FreeNas/ZFS/Raid-Z function in the same way I do for my Windows-based servers above? Thanks

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  • How to delete files on the command line with regular expressions?

    - by Jack
    Lets say I have 20 files named FOOXX, where XX is the number of the file, eg 01, 02 etc. At the moment, if I want to delete all files lower than the number 10, this is easy and I just use a wildcard, eg rm FOO0* However, if I want to delete specific files ina range, eg 13-15, this becomes more difficult. rm FPP[13-15] does not work, and asks me if I wish to delete all files. Likewse rm FOO1[3-5] wishes to delete all files that begin with FOO1 So, what is the best way to delete ranges of files like this? I have tried with both bash and zsh, and I don't think they differ so much for such a basic task?

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  • LUKS-Encrypted Root Partition in Ubuntu 9.04

    - by Martindale
    I have a LUKS-encrypted root partition that I have installed Ubuntu 9.04 to. I have of course placed /boot on a separate ext2 partition, and my boot loader loads and functions correctly. However, I can't seem to get my initrd to load the LUKS-encrypted root using the appropriate /dev/mapper/ address. What hooks and scripts do I need to add to get this to function correctly, and what is the correct way to regenerate my initrd? I can CHROOT into this install, and everything works fine - but I just can't seem to get it to actually boot. Help!

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  • vim: remove previous code indentation and convert to another

    - by ramgorur
    I have a c project with multiple files (more than 100), the codes are written in Whitesmiths style, but I want to change them into K&R style indentation. Is it possible to do using vim in an automated way ? For example I have a emacs-lisp script to achieve this -- (progn (find-file "{}") (mark-whole-buffer) (setq indent-tabs-mode nil) (untabify (point-min) (point-max)) (indent-region (point-min) (point-max) nil) (save-buffer)) I was wondering if there is a similar trick that could be done with vim.

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  • Why and when to use Personal Package Archives (PPA)

    - by reversiblean
    Do you prefer PPA over core repositories and why or why not? Are there any compatibility issues when using a PPA as there are different distro releases but just one common repository? Where would you normally search for application repositories that are not in the core repositories? I.e., I was about to install Gnome Flashback in Ubuntu 12.04 which is the new classic version of earlier fallback but found that it's only available as a ppa-release and was wondering which one to choose between the two; fallback or newer flashback.

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  • How can I change 'change' date of file?

    - by Someone1234
    How can I change 'change' date? $ touch -t 9901010000 test;stat test File: `test' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: fe01h/65025d Inode: 11279017 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ x) Gid: ( 1000/ x) Access: 1999-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0100 Modify: 1999-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0100 **Change: 2012-04-08 19:26:56.061614473 +0200** Birth: -

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  • Cloning OpenVZ container

    - by Tiffany Walker
    I have an OpenVZ container on 1 host and I would like to clone it over to my server. both run SolusVM. I only have root access to my server and would like to host the container on my server now. Can I use rsync to clone the drive while the OS is running on both? Using a command like this: rsync -uazPx --exclude='/boot' --exclude='/proc' --exclude='/dev' --exclude='/lib' --exclude='/tmp' --exclude='/var/lock' / [email protected]:/ Is there any other areas I should probably not copy over?

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  • Open file in local text editor from within an SSH connection

    - by Sam
    I'm not a vim guy. I'd like to be able to open log files in Sublime Text when in an SSH connection from within Terminal. Is there a way I could do this? I'm thinking there must be a command or something that could copy the file over to a temporary directory in OS X and then open it in Sublime Text, and when I save it, it'll copy back to the original location through SSH; similar to how FileZilla does it. I'm on Mac OS X MT. The server I SSH into is running Ubuntu. I'm using Terminal.

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  • How do i allow users to execute commands via ssh without allocating a psuedo-terminal

    - by Dani El
    I need to allow users to run a limited set of commands. But not to allow them to create interactive sessions. Just like GitHub does. If you try to ssh without a command it greetings you and close the session. I can acquire this by using ForceCommand some-script But getting in some-script i then need to eval user's input. Perhaps any other NoTTY-like option in sshd_config? --- UPDATE --- i'm looking for a pure SSH / Bash solution, not Perl/Python/etc. hacks.

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  • How can I make the NetworkManager work?

    - by Yang Jy
    I am running a version of RHCE6 on my laptop, and lately I've been trying various stuff about network configuration through command line. Last night, I tried removing the NetworkManager using "yum remove NetworkManager" from the system, so that I could have more control of the network through the command line. But the result is, I didn't manage to configure the wireless connection through wpa_supplicant, and I need wireless connection during my travel to another place. So I need the wireless function back as soon as possible. I typed " yum install NetworkManager", some version installed, but I don't get to have an icon on the taskbar, and of course, the network doesn't work. The package I previously removed(about 24MB) was much larger that the one I just installed(about 2MB), so I think some dependencies must be missing. How could I install all these dependencies? Please help!

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  • Ubuntu IP Configuration - multiple subnets & interfaces

    - by HaydnWVN
    Have a 'new' mailserver running postfix on Ubuntu. We are having some problems configuring the subnets & interfaces. Basically 2 subnets (.253. & .254.) need to be connected through the 3rd subnet (.252.) where the Router is residing. # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.62.254.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.254.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 #gateway 10.62.252.138 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 10.62.252.138 dns-search ***.com auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.62.253.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.253.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 #gateway 10.62.252.138 #dns-nameservers 10.62.254.199 10.62.253.199 10.62.252.199 dns-nameservers 10.62.252.138 dns-search ***.com auto eth2 iface eth2 inet static address 10.62.252.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.252.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 gateway 10.62.252.138 #dns-nameservers 10.62.254.199 10.62.253.199 10.62.252.199 dns-search ***.com I have an external support company who are looking into this (they built and configured this server), but it's taking far too long... So I'm looking to highlight the mistake!

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  • Model M Keyboard inputs incorrect characters after logging in to Fedora

    - by mickburkejnr
    I recently bought a 24 year old IBM Model M keyboard. From what I gather, it'd been left on a shelf for the last 5 years, so you can imagine the amount of dust dirt and crap that was on it. Before cleaning it, I plugged it in to my laptop (running Fedora 17) using a PS/2 to USB adapter. What I found was, while it still works, the keys I press don't correspond to what is displayed on the screen. So for example, when I type S on the keyboard, I get ß display on the screen instead. At the time, I put this down to the adapter not working properly. Since then, I stripped the keys off the keyboard and cleaned the whole thing. It looks like it's just come out of a box! I then plugged it in to my computer (also running Fedora 17) via a standard PS/2 plug. The computer loaded up to the login screen, and I typed in my password. Pressed enter, and I logged straight in to my machine. At this point, I opened up a text editor and started typing some stuff. To my horror, the keystrokes I was entering weren't coming up as intended. What came up instead were characters that would map to the pressed key but only under a different keyboard language setting. I opened up a program to see what keyboard language had been selected, and the correct one for the keyboard was selected (which is UK in my case). I opened up a window that would show what characters mapped to what keys, and I pressed every single key on the keyboard, and every corresponding block representing each key lit up. I went back to the text editor to try again, but I was still getting these random characters. Whats more is that the backspace key would not work, although in the other utility it would flash when pressed. What I know is that at the login screen the keyboard must have entered the correct characters, otherwise I wouldn't have been able to log in. Further more, keys that don't respond while using a text editor as sending signals to the computer, as illustrated in that keyboard utility. The question is why random characters are displayed when they really shouldn't be? Would this be a hardware fault or a software issue?

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  • How to ask Debian not to check last mount time of its file system?

    - by Landy
    I'm using Debian 6.0.5. To test a feature of my product, I need to modify the system date&time back and forth frequently. Once a time I set the system date back to one month ago, then I reboot the system, and it reported the last mount time of the file system is in the future and enter the maintenance mode automatically. I had to run the fsck to make sure the file system is not broken to boot into Debian. Is there any way to ask Debian stop checking the last mount time of its file system when booting? Thanks.

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  • Execute a script with root permission

    - by Bastien974
    Hi all, I need a script that will chown/chmod some files. This script need to be executable by any user. The problem is that those files are owned by different users, so it needs to be executed as root. I tried the SUID so that any users with X permission can execute the script as root, but seems that it doesn't work with a bash script because of security issue. How can I do that ? thanks.

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  • Block unknown users in Pidgin

    - by alfredozn
    How can I block messages from people who isn't in my buddy list in Pidgin? I always receive a lot of bothering messages from people who is not in my list, I have look at all the options in Pidgin but I didn't find where to set this condition.

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