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  • What are the reasons for MMOs to have level caps [on hold]

    - by SamStephens
    In many MMOs players character progression is artificially capped, e.g. by level 60 or 90 or 100 or whatever. Why do MMOs have these level caps in the first place? Why not just allow characters to continue to arbitrary levels with a mathematically designed leveling system that keeps the leveling experience interesting and endless? Answers to this question may help us to see the reason behind the feature and decide if and how this should be implemented in our MMOs.

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  • Convex Hull for Concave Objects

    - by Lighthink
    I want to implement GJK and I want it to handle concave shapes too (almost all my shapes are concave). I've thought of decomposing the concave shape into convex shapes and then building a hierarchical tree out of convex shapes, but I do not know how to do it. Nothing I could find on the Internet about it wasn't satisfying my needs, so maybe someone can point me in the right direction or give a full explanation.

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  • why is glVertexAttribDivisor crashing?

    - by 2am
    I am trying to render some trees with instancing. This is rather weird, but before sleeping yesterday night, I checked the code, and it was in a running state, when I got up this morning, it is crashing when I am calling glVertexAttribDivisor I haven't changed any code since yesterday. Here is how I am sending data to GPU for instancing. glGenBuffers(1, &iVBO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, iVBO); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, (ml_instance->i_positions.size()*sizeof(glm::vec4)) , NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, (ml_instance->i_positions.size()*sizeof(glm::vec4)), &ml_instance->i_positions[0]); And then in vertex specification-- glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, iVBO); glVertexAttribPointer(i_positions, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(i_positions); glVertexAttribDivisor(i_positions,1); // **THIS IS WHERE THE PROGRAM CRASHES** glDrawElementsInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, indices.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0,TREES_INSTANCE_COUNT); I have checked ml_instance->i_positions, it has all the data that needs to render. I have checked the value of i_positions in vertex shader, it is the same as whatever I have defined there. I am little out of ideas here, everything looks pretty much fine. What am I missing?

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  • Why are textures always square powers of two? What if they aren't?

    - by Keavon
    Why are the resolution of textures in games always a power of two (128x128, 256x256, 512x512, 1024x1024, etc.)? Wouldn't it be smart to save on the game's file size and make the texture exactly fit the UV unwrapped model? What would happen if there was a texture that was not a power of two? Would it be incorrect to have a texture be something like 256x512, or 512x1024? Or would this cause the problems that non-power-of-two textures may cause?

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  • XNA frame rate spikes in full screen mode

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I'm loading a simple texture and rotating it in XNA, and this works. But when I run it in full screen 1920x1080 mode I see spikes while my texture is rotating. If I run it windowed with 1920x1080 resolution, I don't get the spikes. The size of the texture does not seem to matter, I tried 512 texture size and 2048 texture size, same thing happens. Spikes in full screen, no spikes in windowed, resolution does not seem to matter, Debug or Release does not seem to do anything either. Anyone got ideas of what could be the problem? Edit: I think this problem has something to do with the vertical retrace. Set this property: _graphicsDeviceManager.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace = false; you'll lose vsync but it will not stutter.

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  • Texture displays on Android emulator but not on device

    - by Rob
    I have written a simple UI which takes an image (256x256) and maps it to a rectangle. This works perfectly on the emulator however on the phone the texture does not show, I see only a white rectangle. This is my code: public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(shape.length * 4); byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); vertexBuffer = byteBuffer.asFloatBuffer(); vertexBuffer.put(cardshape); vertexBuffer.position(0); byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(shape.length * 4); byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); textureBuffer = byteBuffer.asFloatBuffer(); textureBuffer.put(textureshape); textureBuffer.position(0); // Set the background color to black ( rgba ). gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f); // Enable Smooth Shading, default not really needed. gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); // Depth buffer setup. gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); // Enables depth testing. gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // The type of depth testing to do. gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); // Really nice perspective calculations. gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); loadGLTexture(gl); } public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // Select Projection gl.glPushMatrix(); // Push The Matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Matrix gl.glOrthof(0f, 480f, 0f, 800f, -1f, 1f); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); // Select Modelview Matrix gl.glPushMatrix(); // Push The Matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Matrix gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glTranslatef(card.x, card.y, 0.0f); gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); //activates texture to be used now gl.glVertexPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer); gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, textureBuffer); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { // Sets the current view port to the new size. gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Select the projection matrix gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // Reset the projection matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Calculate the aspect ratio of the window GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45.0f, (float) width / (float) height, 0.1f, 100.0f); // Select the modelview matrix gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); // Reset the modelview matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); } public int[] texture = new int[1]; public void loadGLTexture(GL10 gl) { // loading texture Bitmap bitmap; bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.image); // generate one texture pointer gl.glGenTextures(0, texture, 0); //adds texture id to texture array // ...and bind it to our array gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); //activates texture to be used now // create nearest filtered texture gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); // Use Android GLUtils to specify a two-dimensional texture image from our bitmap GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); // Clean up bitmap.recycle(); } As per many other similar issues and resolutions on the web i have tried setting the minsdkversion is 3, loading the bitmap via an input stream bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is), setting BitmapFactory.Options.inScaled to false, putting the images in the nodpi folder and putting them in the raw folder.. all of which didn't help. I'm not really sure what else to try..

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  • Drawing a random x,y grid of objects within a prespective

    - by T Reddy
    I'm wrapping my head around OpenGL ES 2.0 and I think I'm trying to do something very simple, but I think the math may be eluding me. I created a simple, flat-ish cylinder in Blender that is 2 units in diameter. I want to create an arbitrary grid of these edge to edge (think of a checker board). I'm using a 3D perspective with GLKit: CGSize size = [[self view] bounds].size; _projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(45.0f), size.width/size.height, 0.1f, 100.0f); So, I managed to manually get all of these cylinders drawn on the screen just fine. However, I would like to understand how I can programmatically "fit" all of these cylinders on the screen at the same time given the camera location, screen size, cylinder diameter, and the number of rows/columns. So the net effect is that for small grids (i.e., 5x5) the objects are closer to the camera, but for large grids (i.e., 30x30) the objects are farther away. In either case, all of the cylinders are visible.

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  • Multiple textures on a mesh created in blender and imported in xna

    - by alecnash
    I created a cube in blender which has multiple images applied to its faces. I am trying to import the model into xna and get the same results as shown when rendering the model in blender. I go through every mesh (for the cube its only one) and through every part but only the first image used in blender is displayed in every face. The code I am using to fetch the texture looks like that: foreach (ModelMesh m in model.Meshes) { foreach (Effect e in m.Effects) { foreach (var part in m.MeshParts) { e.CurrentTechnique = e.Techniques["Lambert"]; e.Parameters["view"].SetValue(camera.viewMatrix); e.Parameters["projection"].SetValue(camera.projectionMatrix); e.Parameters["colorMap"].SetValue(modelTextures[part.GetHashCode()]); } } m.Draw(); } Am I missing something?

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  • Logic in Entity Components Systems

    - by aaron
    I'm making a game that uses an Entity/Component architecture basically a port of Artemis's framework to c++,the problem arises when I try to make a PlayerControllerComponent, my original idea was this. class PlayerControllerComponent: Component { public: virtual void update() = 0; }; class FpsPlayerControllerComponent: PlayerControllerComponent { public: void update() { //handle input } }; and have a system that updates PlayerControllerComponents, but I found out that the artemis framework does not look at sub-classes the way I thought it would. So all in all my question here is should I make the framework aware of subclasses or should I add a new Component like object that is used for logic.

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  • Is a Single Texture Cube Map Possible?

    - by smoth190
    I'm currently developing a test project to explore OpenGL 3 texturing abilities. I have a simple cube, made of 8 vertices and 36 indices. I want each of the cubes faces to have a different texture, so I devised this texture: I made it obvious which sections I want visible (I hope...). In Direct3D, I once made a skybox, and I used a cubemap. However, I had to split it into 6 different textures. This is annoying and hard to manage, it would be nice to have just one texture. Is this even possible? I read somewhere that I could do this by duplicating vertices, is that a good idea? Someone else said I could do it in the shader, but that also baffles me...

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  • Keeping rotation between two objects

    - by user99
    In my XNA game I have two objects that collide. When the first object collides with the other it is able to latch on to it and move it about the world. I am having a problem with the math here (Math isn't my strong point). I currently have the second object latch on to the first and move around with it, but I cannot get it to keep it's original direction. So, if the object is facing up it should keep this direction relative to how it is being rotated with the original item. Any tips on how I could best to achieve this?

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  • vector rotations for branches of a 3d tree

    - by freefallr
    I'm attempting to create a 3d tree procedurally. I'm hoping that someone can check my vector rotation maths, as I'm a bit confused. I'm using an l-system (a recursive algorithm for generating branches). The trunk of the tree is the root node. It's orientation is aligned to the y axis. In the next iteration of the tree (e.g. the first branches), I might create a branch that is oriented say by +10 degrees in the X axis and a similar amount in the Z axis, relative to the trunk. I know that I should keep a rotation matrix at each branch, so that it can be applied to child branches, along with any modifications to the child branch. My questions then: for the trunk, the rotation matrix - is that just the identity matrix * initial orientation vector ? for the first branch (and subsequent branches) - I'll "inherit" the rotation matrix of the parent branch, and apply x and z rotations to that also. e.g. using glm::normalize; using glm::rotateX; using glm::vec4; using glm::mat4; using glm::rotate; vec4 vYAxis = vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); vec4 vInitial = normalize( rotateX( vYAxis, 10.0f ) ); mat4 mRotation = mat4(1.0); // trunk rotation matrix = identity * initial orientation vector mRotation *= vInitial; // first branch = parent rotation matrix * this branches rotations mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // x rotation mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // z rotation Are my maths and approach correct, or am I completely wrong? Finally, I'm using the glm library with OpenGL / C++ for this. Is the order of x rotation and z rotation important?

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  • Can you shade a specific section of a sprite? If so, how?

    - by l5p4ngl312
    I have been working on an isometric minecraft-esque game engine for a strategy game I plan on making. As you can see, it really needs some sort of shading. It is difficult to distinguish between separate elevations when the camera is facing away from the slope because everything is the same shade. So my question is: can I shade just a specific section of a sprite? All of those blocks are just sprites, so if I shaded the entire image, it would shade the whole block. I am using LWJGL. Heres a link to a screenshot from the engine: http://i44.tinypic.com/qxqlix.jpg

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  • Any 3D, Isometric, RPG oriented engines?

    - by Don Quixote
    I was wondering if there are any game engines out there that are oriented towards isometric, 3D RPGs such as Diablo 3, Torchlight, Magika, etc.. Most engines I found so far are either oriented towards FPS, such as Cry Engine and UDK, or are far too generic, such as the Irrlicht engine, which will add what I think is unnecessary work on the engine instead of the game. Any chance there are any engines out there that are crafted to be more suitable for RPGs? I would prefer they be in Java, since it's more my forte, but beggars can't be choosers, so C++ is great as well! Thank you.

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  • How can I solve the same problems a CB-architecture is trying to solve without using hacks? [on hold]

    - by Jefffrey
    A component based system's goal is to solve the problems that derives from inheritance: for example the fact that some parts of the code (that are called components) are reused by very different classes that, hypothetically, would lie in a very different branch of the inheritance tree. That's a very nice concept, but I've found out that CBS is often hard to accomplish without using ugly hacks. Implementations of this system are often far from clean. But I don't want to discuss this any further. My question is: how can I solve the same problems a CBS try to solve with a very clean interface? (possibly with examples, there are a lot of abstract talks about the "perfect" design already). Here's an example I was going for before realizing I was just reinventing inheritance again: class Human { public: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; // other human specific components }; class Zombie { Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; // other zombie specific components }; After writing that I realized I needed an interface, otherwise I would have needed N containers for N different types of objects (or to use boost::variant to gather them all together). So I've thought of polymorphism (move what systems do in a CBS design into class specific functions): class Entity { public: virtual void on_event(Event) {} // not pure virtual on purpose virtual void on_update(World) {} virtual void on_draw(Window) {} }; class Human { private: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; public: virtual void on_event(Event) { ... } virtual void on_update(World) { ... } virtual void on_draw(Window) { ... } }; class Zombie { private: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; public: virtual void on_event(Event) { ... } virtual void on_update(World) { ... } virtual void on_draw(Window) { ... } }; Which was nice, except for the fact that now the outside world would not even be able to know where a Human is positioned (it does not have access to its position member). That would be useful to track the player position for collision detection or if on_update the Zombie would want to track down its nearest human to move towards him. So I added const Position& get_position() const; to both the Zombie and Human classes. And then I realized that both functionality were shared, so it should have gone to the common base class: Entity. Do you notice anything? Yes, with that methodology I would have a god Entity class full of common functionality (which is the thing I was trying to avoid in the first place).

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  • HLSL How to flip geometry horizontally

    - by cubrman
    I want to flip my asymmetric 3d model horizontally in the vertex shader alongside an arbitrary plane parallel to the YZ plane. This should switch everything for the model from the left hand side to the right hand side (like flipping it in Photoshop). Doing it in pixel shader would be a huge computational cost (extra RT, more fullscreen samples...), so it must be done in the vertex shader. Once more: this is NOT reflection, i need to flip THE WHOLE MODEL. I thought I could simply do the following: Turn off culling. Run the following code in the vertex shader: input.Position = mul(input.Position, World); // World[3][0] holds x value of the model's pivot in the World. if (input.Position.x <= World[3][0]) input.Position.x += World[3][0] - input.Position.x; else input.Position.x -= input.Position.x - World[3][0]; ... The model is never drawn. Where am I wrong? I presume that messes up the index buffer. Can something be done about it? P.S. it's INSANELY HARD to format code here. Thanks to Panda I found my problem. SOLUTION: // Do thins before anything else in the vertex shader. Position.x *= -1; // To invert alongside the object's YZ plane.

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  • Units issue when exporting from 3DS Max to XNA

    - by miguelSantirso
    I am working on a XNA game where we have defined that 1 XNA unit equals to 1 meter. Then, I set meters as system unit in 3DS Max and set to meters the units in the FBX exporter. However, when I export my models, they are much bigger in the game. Am I missing something? What should I do to avoid problems with my units? Investigating the FBX file, I noticed that I it has two values called UnitScaleFactor and OriginalUnitScaleFactor. They both are 100 when I export the files... And if I manually change UnitScaleFactor to 1, it works fine :S

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  • Xna GS 4 Animation Sample bone transforms not copying correctly

    - by annonymously
    I have a person model that is animated and a suitcase model that is not. The person can pick up the suitcase and it should move to the location of the hand bone of the person model. Unfortunately the suitcase doesn't follow the animation correctly. it moves with the hand's animation but its position is under the ground and way too far to the right. I haven't scaled any of the models myself. Thank you. The source code (forgive the rough prototype code): Matrix[] tran = new Matrix[man.model.Bones.Count];// The absolute transforms from the animation player man.model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(tran); Vector3 suitcasePos, suitcaseScale, tempSuitcasePos = new Vector3();// Place holders for the Matrix Decompose Quaternion suitcaseRot = new Quaternion(); // The transformation of the right hand bone is decomposed tran[man.model.Bones["HPF_RightHand"].Index].Decompose(out suitcaseScale, out suitcaseRot, out tempSuitcasePos); suitcasePos = new Vector3(); suitcasePos.X = tempSuitcasePos.Z;// The axes are inverted for some reason suitcasePos.Y = -tempSuitcasePos.Y; suitcasePos.Z = -tempSuitcasePos.X; suitcase.Position = man.Position + suitcasePos;// The actual Suitcase properties suitcase.Rotation = man.Rotation + new Vector3(suitcaseRot.X, suitcaseRot.Y, suitcaseRot.Z); I am also copying the bone transforms from the animation player in the Person class like so: // The transformations from the AnimationPlayer Matrix[] skinTrans = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; skinTrans = player.GetBoneTransforms(); // copy each transformation to its corresponding bone for (int i = 0; i < skinTrans.Length; i++) { model.Bones[i].Transform = skinTrans[i]; }

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  • How do I tackle top down RPG movement?

    - by WarmWaffles
    I have a game that I am writing in Java. It is a top down RPG and I am trying to handle movement in the world. The world is largely procedural and I am having a difficult time tackling how to handle character movement around the world and render the changes to the screen. I have the world loaded in blocks which contains all the tiles. How do I tackle the character movement? I am stumped and can't figure out where I should go with it. EDIT: Well I was abstract with the issue at hand. Right now I can only think of rigidly sticking everything into a 2D array and saving the block ID and the player offset in the Block or I could just "float" everything and move about between tiles so to speak.

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  • Playing part of a sfx audio file in HTML5 using WebAudio

    - by Matthew James Davis
    I have compiled all of my sound effects into one sequenced .ogg file. I have the start and stop times for each sound effect. How do I play the individual effects? That is, how do I play part of an audio file. More specificially, I've created a dictionary { 'sword_hit': { src: 'sfx.ogg', start: 265, // ms length: 212 // ms } } that my play_sound() function can use to look up 'sword_hit' and play the correct audio file at the correct start time for the correct duration. I simply need to know how to tell the WebAudio API to start playing at start ms and only play for length ms.

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  • Virtual screen size with libgdx and GLES 2

    - by David Saltares Márquez
    I've been trying to use a virtual screen size for my libgdx desktop-android game. I'd like to always use a 16:9 aspect ratio but with a virtual screen size so everything would adapt automatically depending on the device size. This post illustrates the process pretty well but my game crashes when camera.apply(Gdx.Gl10) is called. This is because I'm using GLES 2.0 (for not having to use multiple of 2 texture sizes). As stated in the OrthographicCamera doc, the apply method only works with GLES 1 and GLES 1.1. Is there another way of applying my GL transformation to the camera so I can use a virtual screen resolution? Having to resize everything manually it's a total pain. Thanks a lot.

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  • How to find the window size in XNA

    - by Nick Van Hoogenstyn
    I just wanted to know if there was a way to find out the size of the window in XNA. I don't want to set it to a specific size; I would like to know what dimensions it currently displays as automatically. Is there a way to find this information out? I realize I probably should have found this information out (or set it myself manually) before working on the game, but I'm a novice and am now hoping to work within the dimensions I have already become invested in. Thanks!

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  • Precision loss when transforming from cartesian to isometric

    - by Justin Skiles
    My goal is to display a tile map in isometric projection. This tile map has 25 tiles across and 25 tiles down. Each tile is 32x32. See below for how I'm accomplishing this. World Space World Space to Screen Space Rotation (45 degrees) Using a 2D rotation matrix, I use the following: double rotation = Math.PI / 4; double rotatedX = ((tileWorldX * Math.Cos(rotation)) - ((tileWorldY * Math.Sin(rotation))); double rotatedY = ((tileWorldX * Math.Sin(rotation)) + (tileWorldY * Math.Cos(rotation))); World Space to Screen Space Scale (Y-axis reduced by 50%) Here I simply scale down the Y value by a factor of 0.5. Problem And it works, kind of. There are some tiny 1px-2px gaps between some of the tiles when rendering. I think there's some precision loss somewhere, or I'm not understanding how to get these tiles to fit together perfectly. I'm not truncating or converting my values to non-decimal types until I absolutely have to (when I pass to the render method, which only takes integers). I'm not sure how to guarantee pixel perfect rendering precision when I'm rotating and scaling on a level of higher precision. Any advice? Do I need to supply for information?

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  • Role of an entity state in a component based system?

    - by Paul
    Component-based entity systems are all the rage these days; everyone seems to agree they are the way to go, but no one really has a definitive implementation of such a system. I was wondering, what role do entity states (walking-left, standing, jumping, etc) have in a CBS? Do they act like controllers (i.e. they handle events and change the entity's attributes based on those events)? What about cases where a state would, for example, require that the entity enters no-clip mode? Should, that state, when it enters, maybe set the CollisionComponent of the entity to a null pointer or something? (Then, on exit, the state should restore the entity's CollisionComponent to its previous state.) Also, I guess it's the current state's job to change the entity's state to something else, right?

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  • Markup format or script for data files?

    - by Aaron
    The game I'm designing will be mainly written in a high level scripting language (leaning towards either Lua or Squirrel) with a C++ core. In addition to scripts I'm also going to need different data files. Many data files will be for static information such as graphical assets and monster types. I'd also want to create and update data files at runtime for user information like option settings and game saves. Can I get away with using plain script files (i.e. .lua or .nut files) for my data files, or is it better to use dedicated markup formats like XML or YAML? If I use script files, loaded separately from my true scripts, then I wouldn't need an extra library to read those files. Scripting languages like Lua also have table syntax that lend themselves towards data definition. On the other hand I'd have to write my own schema check code. These languages also don't seem to support serialization "out of the box" like the markup format libraries do.

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