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  • How to scroll hex tiles?

    - by Chris Evans
    I don't seem to be able to find an answer to this one. I have a map of hex tiles. I wish to implement scrolling. Code at present: drawTilemap = function() { actualX = Math.floor(viewportX / hexWidth); actualY = Math.floor(viewportY / hexHeight); offsetX = -(viewportX - (actualX * hexWidth)); offsetY = -(viewportY - (actualY * hexHeight)); for(i = 0; i < (10); i++) { for(j = 0; j < 10; j++) { if(i % 2 == 0) { x = (hexOffsetX * i) + offsetX; y = j * sourceHeight; } else { x = (hexOffsetX * i) + offsetX; y = hexOffsetY + (j * sourceHeight); } var tileselected = mapone[actualX + i][j]; drawTile(x, y, tileselected); } } } The code I've written so far only handles X movement. It doesn't yet work the way it should do. If you look at my example on jsfiddle.net below you will see that when moving to the right, when you get to the next hex tile along, there is a problem with the X position and calculations that have taken place. It seems it is a simple bit of maths that is missing. Unfortunately I've been unable to find an example that includes scrolling yet. http://jsfiddle.net/hd87E/1/ Make sure there is no horizontal scroll bar then trying moving right using the - right arrow on the keyboard. You will see the problem as you reach the end of the first tile. Apologies for the horrid code, I'm learning! Cheers

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  • What makes it hard to protect from hacks/bots in BF3 and Quake Live?

    - by Jakub P.
    After playing these games, asking other players/admins, and reading online I am led to believe that Quake Live and Battlefield 3 are frequented by bots and there are plenty of hacks of various kinds. I'm confused how this is possible, or even easy seeing how many players have access to these kinds of "tools" (sic). Isn't it possible for the game authors to digitally sign the game executables so that when they run, the server can ensure only the allowed client is sending commands, thus preventing any kind of abuse? I.e. every player command would be signed by a private key, or symmetrically encrypted (not sure which would make more sense). I understand that players can look at the running executable's behavior (memory etc.), but if games are apparently so easy to hack, shouldn't most apps be hacked as well (e.g. Skype, all DRM running on Windows etc.)?

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  • exact point on a rotating sphere

    - by nkint
    I have a sphere that represents the Earth textured with real pictures. It's rotating around the x axis, and when user click down it has to show me the exact place he clicked on. For example if he clicked on Singapore the system should be able to: understand that user clicked on the sphere (OK, I'll do it with unProject) understand where user clicked on the sphere (ray-sphere collision?) and take into account the rotation transform sphere-coordinate to some coordinate system good for some web-api service ask to api (OK, this is the simpler thing for me ;-) some advice?

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  • Enemy Spawning method in a Top-Down Shooter

    - by Chris Waters
    I'm working on a top-down shooter akin to DoDonPachi, Ikaruga, etc. The camera movement through the world is handled automatically with the player able to move inside of the camera's visible region. Along the way, enemies are scripted to spawn at particular points along the path. While this sounds straightforward, I could see two ways to define these points: Camera's position: 'trigger' spawning as the camera passes by the points Time along path: "30 seconds in, spawn 2 enemies" In both cases, the camera-relative positions would be defined as well as the behavior of the enemy. The way I see it, the way you define these points will directly affect how the 'level editor', or what have you, will work. Would there be any benefits of one approach over the other?

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  • tic tac toe game ai as3

    - by David Jones
    I'm looking into creating a simple tic tac toe/noughts and crosses game in actionscript3 and am trying to understand the ideas behind the ai used in a game like this. I've seen some simplistic examples online but from what I've read a game tree or something like minimax is the best way to go about this. Can anyone help explain or reference any good examples of this? I've seen that there is a library called as3ds - data structures for game developers which has a number of classes that might help tie this together? Any info/examples or help is much appreciated

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  • What should I worry about when changing OpenGL origin to upper left of screen?

    - by derivative
    For self education, I'm writing a 2D platformer engine in C++ using SDL / OpenGL. I initially began with pure SDL using the tutorials on sdltutorials.com and lazyfoo.net, but I'm now rendering in an OpenGL context (specifically immediate mode but I'm learning about VAOs/VBOs) and using SDL for interface, audio, etc. SDL uses a coordinate system with the origin in the upper left of the screen and the positive y-axis pointing down. It's easy to set up my orthographic projection in OpenGL to mirror this. I know that texture coordinates are a right-hand system with values from 0 to 1 -- flipping the texture vertically before rendering (well, flip the file before loading) yields textures that render correctly... which is fine if I'm drawing the entire texture, but ultimately I'll be using tilesets and can imagine problems. What should I be concerned about in terms of rendering when I do this? If anybody has any advice or they've done this themselves and can point out future pitfalls, that would be great, but really any thoughts would be appreciated.

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  • How to modify VBO data

    - by Romeo
    I am learning LWJGL so i can start working on my game. In order to learn LWJGL I got the idea to implement the map builder so I can get comfortable with graphics programming. Now, for the map creation tool I need to draw new elements or draw the old one's with different coordinates. Let me explain this: My game will be a 2D scroller. The map will be consisting of multiple rectangles ( 2 strip triangles). When I click my left-mouse button i want to start the rectangle and when I release it I want to stop the rectangle bottom-right at that position. As I want to use VBOs I want to know how to modify data inside the VBO based on user input. Should i have a copy of a vertex array and then add the whole array to the VBO at each user input? How is usually implemented the VBO update?

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  • C# Cursor stuck on busy state

    - by Ben
    So I implemented a fixed time step loop for my C# game. All it does at the moment is make a square bounce around the screen. The problem I'm having is that when I execute the program, the window doesn't allow me to close the program and the cursor is stuck on the busy icon. I have to go into visual studio and stop the program manually. Here's the loop at the moment public void run() { int updates = 0; int frames = 0; double msPerTick = 1000.0 / 60.0; double threshhold = 0; long lastTime = getCurrentTime(); long lastTimer = getCurrentTime(); while (true) { long currTime = getCurrentTime(); threshhold += (currTime - lastTime) / msPerTick; lastTime = currTime; while (threshhold >= 1) { update(); updates++; threshhold -= 1; } this.Refresh(); frames++; if ((getCurrentTime() - lastTimer) >= 1000) { this.Text = updates + " updates and " + frames + " frames per second"; updates = 0; frames = 0; lastTimer += 1000; } } }

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  • About online game servers and how to handle data

    - by TreantBG
    So my question isn't about what technology to use or how to do this or that, but a more general question. I'm currently developing a action third person shooter. With elements of RPG - weapon,armor upgrades and items. Players will be able to create new games or join old ones. So my question is how to create the game server that players will play in. I have two ideas on my mind. The player who made the game is the server. All data passes trough him and he send this data to the server updating the database of the players with their XP points kills/deaths score and other. Or my host machine is the server, the player who made the game just will open new instance on my host and will be like client. And all players send their input data to the host, the host updates the game and send response back to client for any new changes like where is the enemy and other. And if i choose option 1 is there a chance the host to change the game content and manipulate the game results? (I think there is but i'm not sure) And if i choose option 2 isn't that raising the response time and potentially the game lag? or maybe there is another option?

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  • Managing multiple references of the same game entity in different places using IDs

    - by vargonian
    I've seen great questions on similar topics, but none that addressed this particular method: Given that I have multiple collections of game entities in my [XNA Game Studio] game, with many entities belonging to multiple lists, I'm considering ways I could keep track of whenever an entity is destroyed and remove it from the lists it belongs to. A lot of potential methods seem sloppy/convoluted, but I'm reminded of a way I've seen before in which, instead of having multiple collections of game entities, you have collections of game entity IDs instead. These IDs map to game entities via a central "database" (perhaps just a hash table). So, whenever any bit of code wants to access a game entity's members, it first checks to see if it's even in the database still. If not, it can react accordingly. Is this a sound approach? It seems that it would eliminate many of the risks/hassles of storing multiple lists, with the tradeoff being the cost of the lookup every time you want to access an object.

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  • Show path of a body of where it should go after linear impulse is applied

    - by Farooq Arshed
    I am making a game with Andengine and Box2D. I have a dynamic body and I apply linear impulse on the body to move it around when the user have touched the screen. Now I want to show the path where the body will go when the user have touched. If you have played Angry Birds or Basket Ball Shoot or any other which have projectile motion with a path shown you will get my point. I want to show the white dots which are shown in those games.

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  • How do games make money? What models do they use?

    - by cable729
    I'm trying to research the ways in which games make money. I want to know more about the models they use (free/premium, trial/subscription, free-to-play with micro-transactions, etc.). In addition, I want information on which models work for which games, what models are best for which age groups, etc. I've tried my best to find information, and Google hasn't turned anything up at all. I think I'll stop by my University's library and see if there's anything there. This may seem like a broad question, but I'm looking for links and titles of books, not typed-out answers.

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  • Glitch-free cross-fades in HTML5

    - by Alexander Gladysh
    In my HTML5 canvas game, I need to cross-fade two sprites which have some glow around them. (Glow is backed into sprites.) Initially, the first sprite is visible. During the cross-fade the first sprite should vanish, and be replaced with the second one. How exactly the cross-fade is done — does not matter, as long as it is smooth and there are no visual glitches. I've tried two techniques: During the cross-fade I simultaneously interpolate alpha of the first sprite from 1.0 to 0.0, and alpha of the second sprite — from 0.0 to 1.0. With this technique I can see background in the middle of the cross-fade. That's because both sprites are semi-transparent most of the time. During the cross-fade I first interpolate alpha of the second sprite from 0.0 to 1.0 (first sprite alpha is at 1.0), and then interpolate alpha of the first sprite from 1.0 to 0.0. With this technique background is not seen, but the glow around sprites flashes during the cross-fide — when both sprites are near the full visibility. In non-HTML5 game I'd use shaders to do cross-fade separately in RGB and alpha channels. Is there a trick to do the cross-fade I need in HTML5 without visual glitches?

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  • Unknown error XNA cannot detect importer for "program.cs"

    - by Evan Kohilas
    I am not too sure what I have done to cause this, but even after undoing all my edits, this error still appears Error 1 Cannot autodetect which importer to use for "Program.cs". There are no importers which handle this file type. Specify the importer that handles this file type in your project. (filepath)\Advanced Pong\AdvancedPongContent\Program.cs Advanced Pong After receiving this error, everything between #if and #endif in the program.cs fades grey using System; namespace Advanced_Pong { #if WINDOWS || XBOX static class Program { /// <summary> /// The main entry point for the application. /// </summary> static void Main(string[] args) { using (Game1 game = new Game1()) { game.Run(); } } } #endif } I have searched this and could not find a solution anywhere. Any help is appreciated.

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  • Collision detection in multiplayer games

    - by Bane
    This a followup to my previous question: How to implement physics and AoE spells in an MMO game?. There, we concluded that all physics have to be done on the server, and that I should use cylinders for calculations. Now, how can I check for collision detection on a ground-to-player basis on the server? It's fairly easy if the ground is a flat space, I just check if the player's z coordinate is lower than some value and voila, but, what if the map/ground itself is a model? How do I know where hills are on the server-side? How do I know when object collisions happen? I'm using node.js and socket.io.

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  • OpenGL quake 3 shader file for objects (for trees)

    - by mlodziaszka
    I decided to add to my game few trees, I already quake 3 model loader (md3) its for characters and method for texture drawing is store in *.ini file. I found a package of trees in MD3 and I have no problem with loading model alone, but there is a *.shader file and i have no idea how to load it to draw texture properly. Tree pack: http://www.custommapmakers.org/wiki/index.php/Models:GR_Trees_set I do not have to use exactly this format, I can write another loader, but trees in *.obj or .3ds look even harder

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  • Collision Detection problems in Voxel Engine (XNA)

    - by Darestium
    I am creating a minecraft like terrain engine in XNA and have had some collision problems for quite some time. I have checked and changed my code based on other peoples collision code and I still have the same problem. It always seems to be off by about a block. for instance, if I walk across a bridge which is one block high I fall through it. Also, if you walk towards a "row" of blocks like this: You are able to stand "inside" the left most one, and you collide with nothing in the right most side (where there is no block and is not visible on this image). Here is all my collision code: private void Move(GameTime gameTime, Vector3 direction) { float speed = playermovespeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Matrix rotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationY(player.Camera.LeftRightRotation); Vector3 rotatedVector = Vector3.Transform(direction, rotationMatrix); rotatedVector.Normalize(); Vector3 testVector = rotatedVector; testVector.Normalize(); Vector3 movePosition = player.position + testVector * speed; Vector3 midBodyPoint = movePosition + new Vector3(0, -0.7f, 0); Vector3 headPosition = movePosition + new Vector3(0, 0.1f, 0); if (!world.GetBlock(movePosition).IsSolid && !world.GetBlock(midBodyPoint).IsSolid && !world.GetBlock(headPosition).IsSolid) { player.position += rotatedVector * speed; } //player.position += rotatedVector * speed; } ... public void UpdatePosition(GameTime gameTime) { player.velocity.Y += playergravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Vector3 footPosition = player.Position + new Vector3(0f, -1.5f, 0f); Vector3 headPosition = player.Position + new Vector3(0f, 0.1f, 0f); // If the block below the player is solid the Y velocity should be zero if (world.GetBlock(footPosition).IsSolid || world.GetBlock(headPosition).IsSolid) { player.velocity.Y = 0; } UpdateJump(gameTime); UpdateCounter(gameTime); ProcessInput(gameTime); player.Position = player.Position + player.velocity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; velocity = Vector3.Zero; } and the one and only function in the camera class: protected void CalculateView() { Matrix rotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(upDownRotation) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(leftRightRotation); lookVector = Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Forward, rotationMatrix); cameraFinalTarget = Position + lookVector; Vector3 cameraRotatedUpVector = Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Up, rotationMatrix); viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Position, cameraFinalTarget, cameraRotatedUpVector); } which is called when the rotation variables are changed: public float LeftRightRotation { get { return leftRightRotation; } set { leftRightRotation = value; CalculateView(); } } public float UpDownRotation { get { return upDownRotation; } set { upDownRotation = value; CalculateView(); } } World class: public Block GetBlock(int x, int y, int z) { if (InBounds(x, y, z)) { Vector3i regionalPosition = GetRegionalPosition(x, y, z); Vector3i region = GetRegionPosition(x, y, z); return regions[region.X, region.Y, region.Z].Blocks[regionalPosition.X, regionalPosition.Y, regionalPosition.Z]; } return new Block(BlockType.none); } public Vector3i GetRegionPosition(int x, int y, int z) { int regionx = x == 0 ? 0 : x / Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int regiony = y == 0 ? 0 : y / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int regionz = z == 0 ? 0 : z / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; return new Vector3i(regionx, regiony, regionz); } public Vector3i GetRegionalPosition(int x, int y, int z) { int regionx = x == 0 ? 0 : x / Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int X = x % Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int regiony = y == 0 ? 0 : y / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int Y = y % Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int regionz = z == 0 ? 0 : z / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; int Z = z % Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; return new Vector3i(X, Y, Z); } Any ideas how to fix this problem? EDIT 1: Graphic of the problem: EDIT 2 GetBlock, Vector3 version: public Block GetBlock(Vector3 position) { int x = (int)Math.Floor(position.X); int y = (int)Math.Floor(position.Y); int z = (int)Math.Ceiling(position.Z); Block block = GetBlock(x, y, z); return block; } Now, the thing is I tested the theroy that the Z is always "off by one" and by ceiling the value it actually works as intended. Altough it still could be greatly more accurate (when you go down holes you can see through the sides, and I doubt it will work with negitive positions). I also does not feel clean Flooring the X and Y values and just Ceiling the Z. I am surely not doing something correctly still.

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  • What data should be cached in a multiplayer server, relative to AI and players?

    - by DevilWithin
    In a virtual place, fully network driven, with an arbitrary number of players and an arbitrary number of enemies, what data should be cached in the server memory, in order to optimize smooth AI simulation? Trying to explain, lets say player A sees player B to E, and enemy A to G. Each of those players, see player A, but not necessarily each other. Same applies to enemies. Think of this question from a topdown perspective please. In many cases, for example, when a player shoots his gun, the server handles the sound as a radial "signal" that every other entity within reach "hear" and react upon. Doing these searches all the time for a whole area, containing possibly a lot of unrelated players and enemies, seems to be an issue, when the budget for each AI agent is so small. Should every entity cache whatever enters and exits from its radius of awareness? Is there a great way to trace the entities close by without flooding the memory with such caches? What about other AI related problems that may arise, after assuming the previous one works well? We're talking about environments with possibly hundreds of enemies, a swarm.

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  • C++ and SDL resource management for 2D game

    - by KuruptedMagi
    My first question is about stateManagers. I do not use the singleton pattern (read many random posts with various reasons not to use it), I have gameStateManager which runs the pointer cCurrentGameState-render(), etc. I want to make a transitioning game, this engine should ideally cover both a platformer and a bird's eye RPG (with some recoding, I just mean the base engine), both of which will load different levels and events, such as world map, dungeon, shops, etc. So I then thought, rather then having to store all this data within all the states, I would break the engine into gameStates, and playStates... when gameState reaches gameStatePlay(), gameStatePlay simply runs the usual handleInput, logic, and render for the playStates, just as the low level gameStateManager does. This lets me store all the player data within the base playstate class without storing useless data in the gameStates. Now I have added a seperate mapEditor, which uses editorStates from gameStateEditor. Is this too much usage of the gameState concept? It seems to work pretty well for me, so I was wondering if I am too far off a common implementation of this. My second question is on image resources. I have my sprite class with nothing but static members, mainly loadImage, applySurface, and my screen pointer. I also have a map pairing imageName enums with actual SDL_Surface pointers, and one pairing clipNumber enums with a wrapper class for a vector of clips, so that each reference in the map can have different amounts of clips with different sizes. I thought it would be better to store all these images, and screen within one static body, since 20 different goblins all use the same sprite sheet, and all need to print to the same screen, and of course, this way I do not need to pass my screen reference to every little entity. The imageMap seems to work very well, I can even add the ability to search through the map at creation of entity type to see if a particular image at creation, creating if it doesnt exist, and destroying the image if the last entity that needs it was just destroyed. The vectored clip map however, seems to take too long to initialize, so if i run past the state that initializes them to fast, the game crashes <. Plus, the clip map call is half of this line =P SPRITE::applySurface( cEditorMap.cTiles[x][y].iX, cEditorMap.cTiles[x][y].iY, SPRITE::mImages[ IMAGE_TILEMAP ], SPRITE::screen, SPRITE::mImageClips[IMAGE_TILEMAP]->clips.at( cEditorMap.cTiles[x][y].iTileType ) ); Again, do I have the right idea? I like the imageMap, but am I better off with each entity storing its own clips? My last question is about collision detection. I only grasp the basics, will look at per-pixel and circular soon, but how can I determine which side the collision comes from with just the basic square collision detection, I tried breaking each entity into 4 collision zones, but that just gave me problems with walking through walls and the like <. Also, is per-pixel color collision a good way to decide what collision just occured, or is checking multiple colors for multiple entities too taxing each cycle?

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  • Rule of thumb for enemy design

    - by Terrance
    I'm at the early stages of developing a 2d side scrolling open ended platformer (think metroidvania) and am having a bit of difficulty at enemy design inspiration for something of a scifi, nature, fantasy setting that isn't overly familar or obvious. I haven't seen too many articles blogs or books that talk about the subject at great length. Is there a fair rule of thumb when coming up with enemy design with respect to keeping your player engaged?

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  • Tetris Movement - Implementation

    - by James Brauman
    Hi gamedev, I'm developing a Tetris clone and working on the input at the moment. When I was prototyping, movement was triggered by releasing a directional key. However, in most Tetris games I've played the movement is a bit more complex. When a directional key is pressed, the shape moves one space in that direction. After a short interval, if the key is still held down, the shape starts moving in the direction continuously until the key is released. In the case of the down key being pressed, there is no pause between the initial movement and the subsequent continuous movement. I've come up with a solution, and it works well, but it's totally over-engineered. Hey, at least I can recognize when things are getting silly, right? :) public class TetrisMover { List registeredKeys; Dictionary continuousPressedTime; Dictionary totalPressedTime; Dictionary initialIntervals; Dictionary continousIntervals; Dictionary keyActions; Dictionary initialActionDone; KeyboardState currentKeyboardState; public TetrisMover() { *snip* } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { currentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); foreach (Keys currentKey in registeredKeys) { if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(currentKey)) { continuousPressedTime[currentKey] = TimeSpan.Zero; totalPressedTime[currentKey] = TimeSpan.Zero; initialActionDone[currentKey] = false; } else { if (initialActionDone[currentKey] == false) { keyActions[currentKey](); initialActionDone[currentKey] = true; } totalPressedTime[currentKey] += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime; if (totalPressedTime[currentKey] = initialIntervals[currentKey]) { continuousPressedTime[currentKey] += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime; if (continuousPressedTime[currentKey] = continousIntervals[currentKey]) { keyActions[currentKey](); continuousPressedTime[currentKey] = TimeSpan.Zero; } } } } } public void RegisterKey(Keys key, TimeSpan initialInterval, TimeSpan continuousInterval, Action keyAction) { if (registeredKeys.Contains(key)) throw new InvalidOperationException( string.Format("The key %s is already registered.", key)); registeredKeys.Add(key); continuousPressedTime.Add(key, TimeSpan.Zero); totalPressedTime.Add(key, TimeSpan.Zero); initialIntervals.Add(key, initialInterval); continousIntervals.Add(key, continuousInterval); keyActions.Add(key, keyAction); initialActionDone.Add(key, false); } public void UnregisterKey(Keys key) { *snip* } } I'm updating it every frame, and this is how I'm registering keys for movement: tetrisMover.RegisterKey( Keys.Left, keyHoldStartSpecialInterval, keyHoldMovementInterval, () = { Move(Direction.Left); }); tetrisMover.RegisterKey( Keys.Right, keyHoldStartSpecialInterval, keyHoldMovementInterval, () = { Move(Direction.Right); }); tetrisMover.RegisterKey( Keys.Down, TimeSpan.Zero, keyHoldMovementInterval, () = { PerformGravity(); }); Issues that this doesn't address: If both left and right are held down, the shape moves back and forth really quick. If a directional key is held down and the turn finishes and the shape is replaced by a new one, the new one will move quickly in that direction instead of the little pause it is supposed to have. I could fix the issues, but I think it will make the solution even worse. How would you implement this?

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  • Behaviour tree code example?

    - by jokoon
    http://altdevblogaday.org/2011/02/24/introduction-to-behavior-trees/ Obviously the most interesting article I found on this website. What do you think about it ? It lacks some code example, don't you know any ? I also read that state machines are not very flexible compared to behaviour trees... On top of that I'm not sure if there is a true link between state machines and the state pattern... is there ?

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  • vector collision on polygon in 3d space detection/testing?

    - by LRFLEW
    In the 3d fps in java I'm working on, I need a bullet to be fired and to tell if it hit someone. All visual objects in the game are defined through OpenGL, so the object it can be colliding with can be any drawable polygon (although they will most likely be triangles and rectangles anyways). The bullet is not an object, but will be treated as a vector that instantaneously moves all the way across the map (like the snipper riffle in Halo). What's the best way to detect/test collisions with the polygon and the vector. I have access to OpenCL, however I have absolutely no experience with it. I am very early in the developmental stage, so if you think there's a better way of going about this, feel free to tell me (I barley have a player model to collide with anyways, so I'm flexible with it). Thanks

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  • Struct Method for Loops Problem

    - by Annalyne
    I have tried numerous times how to make a do-while loop using the float constructor for my code but it seems it does not work properly as I wanted. For summary, I am making a TBRPG in C++ and I encountered few problems. But before that, let me post my code. #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <ctime> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int char_level = 1; //the starting level of the character. string town; //town string town_name; //the name of the town the character is in. string charname; //holds the character's name upon the start of the game int gems = 0; //holds the value of the games the character has. const int MAX_ITEMS = 15; //max items the character can carry string inventory [MAX_ITEMS]; //the inventory of the character in game int itemnum = 0; //number of items that the character has. bool GameOver = false; //boolean intended for the game over scr. string monsterTroop [] = {"Slime", "Zombie", "Imp", "Sahaguin, Hounds, Vampire"}; //monster name float monsterTroopHealth [] = {5.0f, 10.0f, 15.0f, 20.0f, 25.0f}; // the health of the monsters int monLifeBox; //life carrier of the game's enemy troops int enemNumber; //enemy number //inventory[itemnum++] = "Sword"; class RPG_Game_Enemy { public: void enemyAppear () { srand(time(0)); enemNumber = 1+(rand()%3); if (enemNumber == 1) cout << monsterTroop[1]; //monster troop 1 else if (enemNumber == 2) cout << monsterTroop[2]; //monster troop 2 else if (enemNumber == 3) cout << monsterTroop[3]; //monster troop 3 else if (enemNumber == 4) cout << monsterTroop[4]; //monster troop 4 } void enemDefeat () { cout << "The foe has been defeated. You are victorious." << endl; } void enemyDies() { //if the enemy dies: //collapse declaration cout << "The foe vanished and you are victorious!" << endl; } }; class RPG_Scene_Battle { public: RPG_Scene_Battle(float ini_health) : health (ini_health){}; float getHealth() { return health; } void setHealth(float rpg_val){ health = rpg_val;}; private: float health; }; //---------------------------------------------------------------// // Conduct Damage for the Scene Battle's Damage //---------------------------------------------------------------// float conductDamage(RPG_Scene_Battle rpg_tr, float damage) { rpg_tr.setHealth(rpg_tr.getHealth() - damage); return rpg_tr.getHealth(); }; // ------------------------------------------------------------- // void RPG_Scene_DisplayItem () { cout << "Items: \n"; for (int i=0; i < itemnum; ++i) cout << inventory[i] <<endl; }; In this code I have so far, the problem I have is the battle scene. For example, the player battles a Ghost with 10 HP, when I use a do while loop to subtract the HP of the character and the enemy, it only deducts once in the do while. Some people said I should use a struct, but I have no idea how to make it. Is there a way someone can display a code how to implement it on my game? Edit: I made the do-while by far like this: do RPG_Scene_Battle (player, 20.0f); RPG_Scene_Battle (enemy, 10.0f); cout << "Battle starts!" <<endl; cout << "You used a blade skill and deducted 2 hit points to the enemy!" conductDamage (enemy, 2.0f); while (enemy!=0) also, I made something like this: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int gems = 0; class Entity { public: Entity(float startingHealth) : health(startingHealth){}; // initialize health float getHealth(){return health;} void setHealth(float value){ health = value;}; private: float health; }; float subtractHealthFrom(Entity& ent, float damage) { ent.setHealth(ent.getHealth() - damage); return ent.getHealth(); }; int main () { Entity character(10.0f); Entity enemy(10.0f); cout << "Hero Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(character, 2.0f) <<endl; cout << "Monster Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(enemy, 2.0f) <<endl; cout << "Hero Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(character, 2.0f) <<endl; cout << "Monster Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(enemy, 2.0f) <<endl; }; Struct method, they say, should solve this problem. How can I continously deduct hp from the enemy? Whenever I deduct something, it would return to its original value -_-

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  • forward motion car physics - gradual slow

    - by spartan2417
    Im having trouble creating realistic car movements in xna 4. Right now i have a car going forward and hitting a terminal velocity which is fine but when i release the up key i need to the car to slow down gradually and then come to a stop. Im pretty sure this is easy code but i cant seem to get it to work the code - update if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { double elapsedTime = gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds; CalcTotalForce(); Acceleration = Vector2.Divide(CalcTotalForce(), MASS); Velocity = Vector2.Add(Velocity, Vector2.Multiply(Acceleration, (float)(elapsedTime))); Position = Vector2.Add(Position, Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, (float)(elapsedTime))); } added functions public Vector2 CalcTraction() { //Traction force = vector direction * engine force return Vector2.Multiply(forwardDirection, ENGINE_FORCE); } public Vector2 CalcDrag() { //Drag force = constdrag * velocity * speed return Vector2.Multiply(Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, DRAG_CONST), Velocity.Y); } public Vector2 CalcRoll() { //roll force = const roll * velocity return Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, ROLL_CONST); } public Vector2 CalcTotalForce() { //total force = traction + (-drag) + (-rolling) return Vector2.Add(CalcTraction(), Vector2.Add(-CalcDrag(), -CalcRoll())); } anyone have any ideas?

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