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• Apache configuration FollowSymlinks- Apply to php scripts?

  - by Josh

  I have Options set to none for my webroot directory. I also have a symmlink /var/coderoot - /var/webroot/coderoot In the php script I can do include("/var/coderoot/file"); and it works fine. Regardless of the option (yes I save and restart apache.) Does follow symlinks only apply to symlinks used in a certain way? Is there a performance loss using the include with a symmlink?

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• Debian or CentOS?

  - by Tres

  I am looking at using either Debian or CentOS for a production server and I've heard mixed reviews of each one. I've heard CentOS performs better under load, however I am aware that Debian has a much larger package repository. Personally, I am partial to Debian since I am less familiar with Red Hat distros, but wanted to reach out on Server Fault to see which I really should be using. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• XFS: No space left on device

  - by beketa

  I am using XFS on small HDD (/dev/sdb1, less than 1TB) and storing many small files (-32KB). df -h and -i show that it has available space. # df -hv Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 127G 19G 102G 16% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 16G 168K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 20M 75M 21% /boot /dev/sdb1 136G 123G 14G 91% /mnt/sdb1 # df -iv Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda3 8421376 36199 8385177 1% / tmpfs 4126158 5 4126153 1% /lib/init/rw udev 4124934 671 4124263 1% /dev tmpfs 4126158 1 4126157 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 26112 222 25890 1% /boot /dev/sdb1 24905120 11076608 13828512 45% /mnt/sdb1 However I got No space left on device error. # touch /mnt/sdb1/test touch: cannot touch `/mnt/sdb1/test': No space left on device I think inode64 issue is not related to this case because drive is less than 1TB and df -i shows that there are free inodes. I unmounted and mounted with -o inode64 but got the same error. xfs_repair does not report any problem. xfs_info shows drive information as follows. # xfs_info /dev/sdb1 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=1024 agcount=16, agsize=2227764 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2 data = bsize=4096 blocks=35644210, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=17404, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 Any ideas? Thanks!

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• how to properly edit hosts, hostname and resolf.conf? [migrated]

  - by Firewall

  i,v been searching the internet for a real noop tutorial on the subject but could not found any direct info. on how to edit these files the proper way. i,v got a debian internet server that i use to host some personal domains and runs squid and rTorrent. the server is up and running with no problems but i am confused about a few things. lets say that i named my server (foo), my domain is (example.com) and my public IP is 95.211.133.200 now: should /etc/hostname contains: tango.example.com or tango <----- just the server name should /etc/hosts contains: 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 95.211.133.200 foo.example.com foo should /etc/resolf.conf contains (along with the nameservers) both: domain example.com search example.com or just the first one. are there any other files that i should edit in order to make things right? last thing, the command: domainname returns: (none) i believe it should return (example.com). what should i do to correct that?

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• haproxy backend default location

  - by magd1

  If you go to www.company.com, I want it to redirect to /something/something on my server, but the URL still shows www.company.com Is this possible in haproxy? backend new_marketing_server *** set default URL to /something/something*** mode http balance roundrobin timeout server 10m option httpclose server server1 10.86.151.142:80 minconn 32000 maxconn 3200 check port 80 inter 2000 server server2 10.122.13.189:80 minconn 32000 maxconn 3200 check port 80 inter 2000

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• Cant get squid proxy to work

  - by danielgratz

  i need squid proxy on my centos server. But i just can't get it to work. I did yum install squid. Here is my squid.conf file (i removed all comments): acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 acl Safe_ports port 21 acl Safe_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 70 acl Safe_ports port 210 acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 acl Safe_ports port 280 acl Safe_ports port 488 acl Safe_ports port 591 acl Safe_ports port 777 acl CONNECT method CONNECT acl our_networks src 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 http_access allow our_networks http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager http_access deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow localhost http_access deny all icp_access allow all http_port 3128 hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? access_log /var/log/squid/access.log squid acl QUERY urlpath_regex cgi-bin \? cache deny QUERY refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 acl apache rep_header Server ^Apache broken_vary_encoding allow apache coredump_dir /var/spool/squid Then i just put my server's public ip and port 3128 into my web browsers proxy settings... but it isn't working i can't visit any website. Please help. Thanks.

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• securing communication between 2 Linux servers on local network for ports only they need access to

  - by gkdsp

  I have two Linux servers connected to each other via a cross-connect cable, forming a local network. One of the servers presents a DMZ for the other server (e.g. database server) that must be very secure. I'm restricting this question to communication between the two servers for ports that only need to be available to these servers (and no one else). Thus, communication between the two servers can be established by: (1) opening the required port(s) on both servers, and authenticating according to the applications' rules. (2) disabling IP Tables associated with the NIC cards the cross-connect cable is attached to (on both servers). Which method is more secure? In the first case, the needed ports are open to the external world, but protected by user name and password. In the second case, none of the needed ports are open to the outside world, but since the IP Tables are disabled for the NIC cards associated with the cross-connect cables, essentially all of the ports may be considered to be "open" between the two servers (and so if the server creating the DMZ is compromized, the hacker on the DMZ server could view all ports open using the cross-connect cable). Any conventional wisdom how to make the communication secure between two servers for ports only these servers need access to?

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• What's the reason to break HDD to few partitions for MDADM+LVM2?

  - by archer

  I'm using 2 HDDs each 1TB in size. I'm going to create MDADM+LVM2 over them. Initially I though about this partition layout: /dev/sda1 - 1Gb (boot) /dev/sda2 - 500Gb (md0) /dev/sda3 - 499Gb (md1) /dev/sdb1 - 1Gb (boot) /dev/sdb2 - 500Gb (md0) /dev/sdb3 - 499Gb (md1) md0 is going to be raid0 and md1 is going to be raid1 however, I found some info that this would be better to break each drive to more partitions (lets say 10 partitions 100Gb in size each). What's the reason of doing that?

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• Separated virtual networks with same subnet range with 2 interface

  - by Coolpet

  I'm having some problems with routing with the following: I have a server with 2 interfaces. It has 1-1 alias contains the same subnet. the 2 interface is connected to 2 switch, which are separated from each other. Infrastructure: Eth0 192.168.16.2/20 Eth0:eth0 192.168.1.222/20 Eth1 192.168.32.3/20 Eth1:eth1 192.168.1.223/20 I have a PC which has the IP address: 192.168.1.3/24 The problem is the next: If PC is on subnet 1, I can ping it. If PC is on subnet 2, I can't ping it. traceroute shows the route is across 192.168.1.222 ping -I 192.168.1.223 192.168.1.3 is not working on subnet 2. arp entries show the MAC address belonging to the correct interface (eth1 on subnet 2) How can I force the server to look on both interface same ranged subnet for specific IP? It searches only in the first subnet. The routing table has these 2 entries: 192.168.0.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.222 192.168.0.0/20 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.223

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• Shell script to read value from a file and compare it to another one

  - by maneeshshetty

  I have a C program which puts one unique value inside a test file (it would be a two digit number). Now I want to run a shell script to read that number and then compare with my required number (e.g. 40). The comparison should deliver "equal to" or "greater". For example: The output of the C program is written into the file called c.txt with the value 36, and I want to compare it with the number 40. So I want that comparison to be "equal to" or "greater" and then echo the value "equal" or "greater".

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• Is there any way I can add alternative key binding to a feature in compiz?

  - by vava

  I was wondering is there any way to add additional, alternative key binding to a particular feature in compiz? I am using Wall plugin and on my ThinkPad it is convenient to switch between horizontal workspaces with media buttons for browser navigation. But there just two of them, so I have to use completely different combinations to switch between workspaces vertically and that would very helpful if I can also use similar kind of combination to switch horizontally as well in addition to those media buttons. Is there a way maybe to send a message to the compiz to execute particular command? That would solve the issue.

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• How to back up initial state of external backup drive?

  - by intuited

  I've picked up an HP Simplesave external drive. It comes with some fancy software that is of no use to me because I don't use Windows. Like many current consumer-targeted backup drives, the backup software is actually contained on the drive itself. I'd like to save the drive's initial state so that I can restore it if I decide to sell it. The backup box itself is somewhat customized: in addition to the hard drive device, it presents a CDROM-like device on /dev/sr0. I gather that the purpose of this cdrom device is to bootstrap via Windows autoplay the backup application which lives on the disk itself. I wouldn't suppose any guarantees about how it does this, so it seems important to preserve the exact state of the disk. The drive is formatted with a single 500GB NTFS partition. My initial thought was to use dd to dump the disk (/dev/sdb) itself, but this proved impractical, as the resulting file was not sparse. This seemed to be because the NTFS empty space is not filled with zeroes, but with a repeating series of 16 bytes. I tried gzipping the output of dd. This reduced to the file to a manageable size — the first 18GB was compressed to 81MB, versus 47MB to tarball the contents of the mounted filesystem — but it was very slow on my admittedly somewhat derelict Pentium M processor. The time to do that first 18GB was about 30 minutes. So I've resorted to dumping the disk state and partition data separately. I've dumped the partition state with sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk.-d.out I've also created a compressed image of the NTFS partition (the only one on the disk) with ntfsclone --save-image --output - /dev/sdb1 | gzip -c > ntfsclone.img.gz Is there anything else I should do to ensure that I can restore the precise original state of the drive?

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• Gentoo+urxvt+terminus: How do I change font version?

  - by gaidal

  In my Debian installation I can type extended ASCII characters such as åäö by default using the terminus font, however in Gentoo I can't get it to work so far. Nothing happens when I hit those keys, like in this thread: Missing glyphs in Terminus font, how to setup a fallback font ? But in this case I know terminus supports those characters in at least some of its versions, since it's works in Debian. So what I want is to find out how to see and choose which of the many different terminus font files is being used. I set the font in the same way on both Debian and Gentoo, using URxvt*font: xft:terminus:size=xx in .Xdefaults. Both systems use en_US.UTF-8 as default locale.

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• How to set the laptop screen brightness programatically?

  - by zls

  I'm currently migrating to openbox without gnome session. In unity i can use the vendor keys to set the screen brightness, but in openbox I'm on my own. /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness works fine, the problem is that I need sudo to set the brightness and that wouldn't work with keyboard mappings. xbacklight -get/set doesn't do or output anything. I don't really want to use xrandr --brightness. Are there any other options or a way to fix the problems with xbacklight or acpi_video0 ?

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• VPS, what to install next?

  - by Camran

  I have my VPS now, with ubuntu 9.10 OS. I wonder about SSH. What is it for, and how do I use it? Also, in which order should I install apps on my server? (ex: PuTTY, IPTABLES, LAMP etc...)? Thanks

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• MySQL writing to net

  - by seengee

  I have a server that has been running at high CPU load due to MySQL activity, when i run the command mysqladmin pr i often see a few queries with the state "writing to net". I had a look around and couldn't find much out about this other than the fact i read somewhere that this shouldnt be expected in usual MySQL activity. Any ideas what this could mean? Running MySQL 5.0.91-community on CentOS 4.8

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• Encoding with FFmpeg using a FIFO

  - by Ashot Martirosyan

  Hello everyone. I'm trying to convert Flac audio file to AAC file using command line. So I wrote this ffmpeg -i input.flac temp.wav faac -q 120 -o output.m4a temp.wav It's working fine. Now I want to do the same using fifo, so I'm writing this mkfifo temp.wav ffmpeg -i input.flac temp.wav & faac -q 120 -o output.m4a temp.wav And it's freezing. So could you tall me what I'm doing wrong. Thanks a lot, and sorry for my English.

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• How to execute a command whenever a file changes?

  - by Denilson Sá

  I want a quick and simple way to execute a command whenever a file changes. I want something very simple, something I will leave running on a terminal and close it whenever I'm finished working with that file. Currently, I'm using this: while read; do ./myfile.py ; done And then I need to go to that terminal and press Enter, whenever I save that file on my editor. What I want is something like this: while sleep_until_file_has_changed myfile.py ; do ./myfile.py ; done Or any other solution as easy as that. BTW: I'm using Vim, and I know I can add an autocommand to run something on BufWrite, but this is not the kind of solution I want now. Update: I want something simple, discardable if possible. What's more, I want something to run in a terminal because I want to see the program output (I want to see error messages). About the answers: Thanks for all your answers! All of them are very good, and each one takes a very different approach from the others. Since I need to accept only one, I'm accepting the one that I've actually used (it was simple, quick and easy-to-remember), even though I know it is not the most elegant.

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• free -m output, should I be concerend about this servers low memory?

  - by Michael

  This is the output of free -m on a production database (MySQL with machine. 83MB looks pretty bad, but I assume the buffer/cache will be used instead of Swap? [admin@db1 www]$ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 16053 15970 83 0 122 5343 -/+ buffers/cache: 10504 5549 Swap: 2047 0 2047 top ouptut sorted by memory: top - 10:51:35 up 140 days, 7:58, 1 user, load average: 2.01, 1.47, 1.23 Tasks: 129 total, 1 running, 128 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.5%us, 1.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 60.2%id, 31.5%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.5%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16439060k total, 16353940k used, 85120k free, 122056k buffers Swap: 2096472k total, 104k used, 2096368k free, 5461160k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 20757 mysql 15 0 10.2g 9.7g 5440 S 29.0 61.6 28588:24 mysqld 16610 root 15 0 184m 18m 4340 S 0.0 0.1 0:32.89 sysshepd 9394 root 15 0 154m 8336 4244 S 0.0 0.1 0:12.20 snmpd 17481 ntp 15 0 23416 5044 3916 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.32 ntpd 2000 root 5 -10 12652 4464 3184 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 iscsid 8768 root 15 0 90164 3376 2644 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 sshd

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• Triggering GDM login on a remote machine

  - by creator

  I have to briefly describe the situation. We are planning to make a computer classroom with workstations running Ubuntu 10.04. Since making accounts for each student has not been considered reasonable, we decided to make accounts for each student group. We don't want students to share their passwords between groups so the solution would be not to give them passwords at all, but let the teacher log them in instead. Obviously he shouldn't go from one machine to another typing in credentials by hand, so we need some script that will connect to a remote machine by ssh and make GDM (or probably any other login manager if GDM cannot serve this purpose) log in specified user. I couldn't find any solutions, as well as I haven't noticed anybody in similar situation asking for help, so my question will be: can the scheme described be realized and if yes, then how? Thanks in advance.

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• rsync not writing files

  - by Cyrcle

  I'm trying to setup rsync to backup a remote directory to my local drive. I cd to the directory that I want to pull the files to, then I enter: rsync -vrtW [email protected]:~/public_html I enter the password then it starts running. I get all the files listed, but none of them actually transfer. What am I missing? Thanks

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• What's wrong with this iptable rule?

  - by warl0ck

  I run dnsmasq locally as a cache server, in the old days, I allow all INPUT packets from lo+, and set policy of INPUT to DROP: -A INPUT -i lo+ -j ACCEPT Now I decide to put this on the raw table to speed up rules matching, -A PREROUTING -i lo+ -j ACCEPT But that doesn't work as expected. Why? Since the packets get processed by the raw table first, then nat, then filter, why isn't that rule work the same as the old one?

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• Allow SFTP in iptables

  - by Kevin Orriss

  I have just purchased a VPS from linode and am going through the setup guide. I have everything running (apache2, php, mysql etc) but I am being denied access via SFTP when using fileZilla to upload a file. Now this is my second time installing the server as I missed a section out the first time. I was able to connect to my server through SFTP on filezilla the first time and the thing I missed out was adding a new user and editing the iptables in the firewall. So it would seem that the guide I have been following has blocked SFTP but allowed SSH. Here is the iptables file: *filter # Allow all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accept all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow all outbound traffic - you can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allow HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites and SSL). -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSH connections # # The -dport number should be the same port number you set in sshd_config # -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # Log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT All I would like is a line I need to put in there which allows SFTP over port 22. Thank you for reading this.

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• scsi and ata entries for same hard drive under /dev/disk/by-id

  - by John Dibling

  I am trying to set up a ZFS pool using 4 bare drives which I have attached to my Ubuntu system via a SATA hot swap backplane. These are Hitachi SATA drives. When I list the contents of /dev/disk/by-id, I see two entries for each drive: root@scorpius:/dev/disk/by-id# ls | grep Hitachi ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG0ZJ7C ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG1064C ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG190AC ata-Hitachi_HDS5C3030ALA630_MJ1323YNG1DGPC scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG0ZJ7C scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG1064C scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG190AC scsi-SATA_Hitachi_HDS5C30_MJ1323YNG1DGPC I know these are the same drives because I wrote down the serial numbers, and all the other drives in this system are either Seagate or WD. The serial number for the first one, for example, is YNG0ZJ7C. Why are there two entries here for each drive? More to the point, when I create my ZFS pool which one should I use; the scsi- one or the ata- one?

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• Rpm removal does not remove delivered dirs and leaves garbage

  - by Jim

  I deliver an application via an RPM. This application delivers various directories and files. E.g. under /opt/internal/com a file structure is being copied. I was expecting that on rpm -e all the file structure delivered under /opt/internal/com will be removed. But it does not. There are directories in the file structure that are non-empty. Is this the reason? But these (non-empty) directories were created by the RPM installation. So I would expect that they would be "owned" by RPM and removed automatically. Is this wrong? Am I supposed to remove them manually?

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