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  • dhcp code for pxe server

    - by avoq
    I'm trying to understand every single line of the following script but to no avail. I'd be glad if someone could help me. For sure I know its purpose is to start the DHCP server as well as the TFTP...But I'm stuck: killall dnsmasq 2>/dev/null dnsmasq --enable-tftp --tftp-root=$PXEDATA/boot --dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,"$IP",$IP --dhcp-range=$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).50,$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).250, infinite --dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.0.254 --log-dhcp Why killall, why dnsmasq 2 What does "2" stand for? "--" what does it mean? Thanks a lot.

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  • VFS and FS i-node difference

    - by gaffcz
    What is the difference between VFS i-node and FS (e.g. EXT) i-node? Is it possible that EXT i-node is persistent (contains/points to data blocks), but VFS i-node is created just in i-node cache after read/use of EXT i-node? Or the VFS i-node is just an image of FS i-node (it's the same) and i-nodes in those systems, which are not working with i-nodes (e.g. FAT, NTFS) has to be emulated (HOW?) to allow VFS work with those FS like they would support i-nodes?

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  • Display "iftop" on web

    - by DmitrySemenov
    I do iftop -i eth1 > out.txt It does produce the file with "encrypted" UI content such as [(B[)0[[1;80r[[mO[[?7h[[?1h[=[[H[[J[[0;7mO Listening on eth1 [[1;48H[[mO12.5Kb Is it possible to display this as a web xhtml output somehow? cat out.txt on my console does produce a normal iftop window but when I do the same thing over the web I get the content above. I understand that it is "managed" on kernel level. Is the task that I want to perform possible?

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  • DNS caching server config problem

    - by Alex
    I have a Bind DNS caching-only server setup that is working. I am bringing up a new AD domain controller that will also be a DNS server for that AD but I don't want it responding to any DNS queries except those that are AD related. So, my goal is to leave this caching server as the primary DNS server for stations on the network and have it forward requests for the AD domain to the domain controller. My understanding is that I just need a forward zone for that domain pointing to the domain controller. However it does not seem to be working. So that leaves me to think that my caching server is not forwarding properly. For example, this AD is going to have a naming convention of hostname.mydomain.local. If I do an nslookup and specify the domain controller's IP address as the server, I can query addresses that exist in DNS on that server, such as dc1.mydomain.local. However, queries to my caching server times out (I get a response from the caching server if I query mydomain.local but none of the objects in that domain). Any suggestions? Here is my named.conf file: options { directory "/var/named"; listen-on { 192.168.0.14; 127.0.0.1; }; forwarders { ; ; }; forward first; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "db.cache"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in { type master; file "db.127.0.0"; }; //forward zone for mydomain.local zone "mydomain.local" { type forward; forwarders { 192.168.1.21; }; };

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  • Corrupt tar (Resulting folder smaller than packed file)

    - by Om3g4
    Hi everybody, I have an issue with a tarball created on a SuSe 10.3 Server version. The .tar file has a size of 6.5 GB but if I untar it under Ubuntu 9.10 the resulting folder only has a size of 1.5 GB. commands used: tar cvf for packing, tar xvf for unpacking. Perhaps somebody knows how this can be fixed, would be great, cheers

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  • slow software raid

    - by Jure1873
    I've got software raid 1 for / and /home and it seems I'm not getting the right speed out of it. Reading from md0 I get around 100 MB/sec Reading from sda or sdb I get around 95-105 MB/sec I thought I would get more speed (while reading data) from two drives. I don't know what is the problem. I'm using kernel 2.6.31-18 hdparm -tT /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Timing cached reads: 2078 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1039.72 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 304 MB in 3.01 seconds = 100.96 MB/sec hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 2084 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1041.93 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 316 MB in 3.02 seconds = 104.77 MB/sec hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 2150 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1075.94 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 302 MB in 3.01 seconds = 100.47 MB/sec Edit: Raid 1

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  • Is there any way I can add alternative key binding to a feature in compiz?

    - by vava
    I was wondering is there any way to add additional, alternative key binding to a particular feature in compiz? I am using Wall plugin and on my ThinkPad it is convenient to switch between horizontal workspaces with media buttons for browser navigation. But there just two of them, so I have to use completely different combinations to switch between workspaces vertically and that would very helpful if I can also use similar kind of combination to switch horizontally as well in addition to those media buttons. Is there a way maybe to send a message to the compiz to execute particular command? That would solve the issue.

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  • Is it safe to run two instances of svnserve on one repository, or only one?

    - by fredden
    We've two nodes running heartbeat/drbd, and one of the services we're using is subversion. What I want to know is: is it safe to run svnserve on both nodes all the time, or should it only run on the active node? Does svnserve use file-level locking, or is it all in memory? What are the implications of running svnserve without its repositories accessible? Please let me know if this isn't clear, and I'll try my best to rephrase/clarify. :)

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  • How to Create Boot CD

    - by joe
    How to Create boot CD for Dual Booting System? Just consider I am having Windows and Ubuntu, Grup is boot loader. I just want to create Dual Boot CD for the same operation.

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  • Cloning to a smaller hard drive with DDRescue

    - by krebshack
    I am currently working with a 700 GB Seagate hard drive that's beginning to fail. I'll call this "SDB" from now on. I'd like to clone it while I'm still able to. However, the only hard drive that I have available is a 500 GB WD hard drive. I'll call this "SDC" from now on. The partition scheme on SDB is as follows: 9.77 GB is allocated to a recovery partition and the remaining 688.87 GB is allocated to a Windows partition. Both are formatted using NTFS. There is no partition scheme on SDC. I know how to clone one hard drive to another using DDRescue but I've only done it using hard drives that are the same size. For your reference, I'll normally use the command "ddrescue -v -r 3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc example.log". I'd like to know if it's possible to do this with DDRescue. I've read the manual from GNU (http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html) and I haven't seen anything indicating that it is possible. I'm just looking for some confirmation that this is a correct impression. If it's not possible, then it would be helpful if any of y'all would be able to make some work around suggestions. But please don't feel obligated to do that. I don't want to have my one thread bogged down with two many questions.

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  • Apache configuration FollowSymlinks- Apply to php scripts?

    - by Josh
    I have Options set to none for my webroot directory. I also have a symmlink /var/coderoot - /var/webroot/coderoot In the php script I can do include("/var/coderoot/file"); and it works fine. Regardless of the option (yes I save and restart apache.) Does follow symlinks only apply to symlinks used in a certain way? Is there a performance loss using the include with a symmlink?

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  • iptables rule on INPUT between 2 ethernet cards on the same host

    - by user1495181
    I have 2 eth cards on the same host. Both connected directly with LAN cable. I set eth0 with ip - 192.168.1.2 I set eth1 with ip - 192.168.1.1 I set this rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j NFQUEUE --queue-num 0 There are no other rules. (I ran iptables -X,-F) I send TCP syn packet ( with c++ program by using raw socket) from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.1 In wireshark i see that the packet received on eth0, but the iptables rule (above) dosnt apply for this packet. when i sent the packet to remote host and apply this rule on the remote host than it work correct. So, i guess that this is due to the fact that both eth cards exists the same host. . I need to create iptables INPUT rule for local eth card (dest and src on the same machine ). I need it for simplify test. Did i guess the problem correct? is there a way to bypass this? Ps - connected them via switch didn't help. the rule wasn't applied. Run on Ubuntu. TCDUMP show the packet: 10:48:42.365002 IP 192.168.1.2.38550 > 192.168.1.1.34298: Flags [S], seq 0, win 5840, length 0 but logging of iptables like this, has nothing: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '*****************' iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '#################'

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  • How do I install yum on Redhat Enterprise 4?

    - by Bob Cross
    For historical reasons, one of the machines that I manage has a Redhat Enterprise 4 boot disk (among others). Every now and then, we have to boot into RHEL4 to bring up some of the legacy software that we support and connect to. Since it's a fringe system, the Redhat support has long since lapsed and I can't convince myself that it would be worth paying just to get RPMs that I can go and get for myself. That said, the default RHEL tools are heavily biased against letting you do exactly that. I would like to install yum and use that as my package discovery and installation. So, is there an installation guide to integrating yum with an older RHEL 4 system?

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  • SSMTP to forward root@localhost mail

    - by Redconnection
    I would like to forward mail that gets sent root@localhost on multiple servers to our company admin account (e-mail is hosted on gmail) I have installed ssmtp on centos 5.5 via yum and configured it. i've also changed the last line in /etc/aliases to reflect where mail to root should go to. I've then tried sending mail to root - this gets delivered without a problem (mail -v root) I've also tried sending mail to root@localhost - this is not delivered to the specified gmail account.

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  • Wireless performance on Ubuntu 9.10

    - by Brian
    Is there something I should do to my networking configuration in Ubuntu to better the performance of my wireless connection? I'm on a netbook dual-booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu 9.10. I pick up much stronger wifi signal when in Windows than Ubuntu. As soon as I boot Ubuntu, it will connect to the network with a stronger signal, and then loses signal very quickly. After it dies, I can't reconnect. I've tested this on a couple of different networks with the same outcome.

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  • Gentoo+urxvt+terminus: How do I change font version?

    - by gaidal
    In my Debian installation I can type extended ASCII characters such as åäö by default using the terminus font, however in Gentoo I can't get it to work so far. Nothing happens when I hit those keys, like in this thread: Missing glyphs in Terminus font, how to setup a fallback font ? But in this case I know terminus supports those characters in at least some of its versions, since it's works in Debian. So what I want is to find out how to see and choose which of the many different terminus font files is being used. I set the font in the same way on both Debian and Gentoo, using URxvt*font: xft:terminus:size=xx in .Xdefaults. Both systems use en_US.UTF-8 as default locale.

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  • Physical Debian to VMWare: vmware-converter, dd-image or otherwise?

    - by Dabu
    we have two debian Lenny production machines, both running larger commercial websites. Now these machines need to be moved, and in the process, they need to be virtualized to VMWare ESX. If you believe the internet information, there are several ways to accomplish this. The easiest for us would be to use our weekly dd backup where the whole disk, however, I have no experience with this kind of technology and if it is really possible. The second best way would be via an application on the source machine virtualizing it and generating an ESX compatible VM. However, the software is beta and unsupported, and after installation, nothing really works (the /etc/init.d/vmware-converter script doesn't actually do anything, start and stop reply with success messages, yet ps shows that there are no new processes). The worst way with the most work would be to install a new machine and set it up manually, copying files and databases as needed. This part is clear in it's execution, and my question(s) do not touch this. Is my 1st way possible? Has anyone done this yet, or better, has a page with instructions? Or is there a help page that explains how to correctly install, run and use the vmware-converter tool using a Debian installation (it's possible that I dod something wrong during installation already)? Thank you.

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  • Why does Exim puts emails on hold if there are frozen messages in the queue?

    - by user51932
    I've a CentOS with CPanel server working as a SMTP server, which currently uses 20 different hostnames and IP addresses to deliver email for an email newsletter service. However, it's extremely slow in sending emails. It's sending like 10 emails per minute, which I check by running the "exim -bpc" command. What could be affecting this? One thing I'm supposing, is that there are frozen messages in the queue, which are slowing down the sending until they're sent out, and are putting new messages on hold. What are the most common reasons a message can get frozen? Also, would it be more efficient to use 20 different small VPSs to send out email rather than use one large VPS with the 20 different hostnames and IPs in it?

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  • is there a man in the middle attacking to my server machine?

    - by GongT
    My server works well about half a year. But a strange thing happened (several hours before). This server has two IP-address 58.17.85.19 & 117.21.178.19 When I navigate to http://58.17.85.19, nothing different as before. But http://117.21.178.19 will return a "302 Object moved" and become a "redirect loop" I do some test: ($cmd = "wget http://117.21.178.19/?xx=$RANDOM --max-redirect 0 -S --no-cache -O -") Step by step: run $cmd on my PC and my firend's one (we live in two side of China, far away). - got 302 run $cmd on this server - got 200 OK (content is correct result of index.php) run $cmd on another server in same computer room - got 200 OK telnet from my PC and build an HTTP request (type by hand) - got 200 OK shutdown php-fpm, run $cmd on my PC - got 302 run $cmd on server - 502 Bad Gateway shutdown nginx, run $cmd on both the server and my PC - Connection refused. create iptables rule, refuse any connection to 58.17.85.19:80. run nc -l 80 -k -vvv on server and run $cmd on my PC NC show me that.... Server accept connection (Connection from [my ip]) My connection closed ! (Remove fd xx from list) wget dump out response - got 302 I know that, normaly, NC will accept connection, then dump HTTP request from client, and client will wait for response. this connection will open forever(infact client will close connection becouse timeout), becouse NC can't give any response. So... where my request gone? who send an response to the client? some virus on my server system? If so, why 58.17.85.19 didn't has this error? or... I was attacked by a middleman?

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  • Kill program after it outputs a given line, from a shell script

    - by Paul
    Background: I am writing a test script for a piece of computational biology software. The software I am testing can take days or even weeks to run, so it has a recover functionality built in, in the case of system crashes or power failures. I am trying to figure out how to test the recovery system. Specifically, I can't figure out a way to "crash" the program in a controlled manner. I was thinking of somehow timing a SIGKILL instruction to run after some amount of time. This is probably not ideal, as the test case isn't guaranteed to run the same speed every time (it runs in a shared environment), so comparing the logs to desired output would be difficult. This software DOES print a line for each section of analysis it completes. Question: I was wondering if there was a good/elegant way (in a shell script) to capture output from a program and then kill the program when a given line/# of lines is output by the program?

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  • Is it reasonable to make a RAID-1 array with a ram disk and a physical disk to maximize read performance and protect data?

    - by Petr Pudlák
    In one of the answers on SO (I forgot which one) I've seen a suggestion to make a RAID-1 array composed of a RAM disk and a physical partition. By adding the physical partition with --write-mostly and enabling --write-behind the system should read everything instantly from the RAM disk but still save all data to the physical partition so that the data are preserved and the RAID array can be assembled again after reboot. Is such a setup reasonable? Will it perform any better in some scenario than having just the physical partition and perhaps tweaking the kernel to favor disk cache (swappiness and vfs_cache_pressure)?

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  • VirtualBox Port Forward not working when Guest IP *IS* specified (while doc says opposite)

    - by Patrick
    Trying to port forward from host (Mac OS X) 127.0.0.1:8282 - guest (CentOS)'s 10.10.10.10:8080. Existing port forwards include 127.0.0.1:8181 and 9191 to guest without any IP specified (so whatever it gets through DHCP, as explained in the documentation). Here is how the non-working binding was added: VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule3,tcp,127.0.0.1,8282,10.10.10.10,8080" Here is how the working ones were added: VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule1,tcp,127.0.0.1,8181,,80" VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "rule2,tcp,127.0.0.1,9191,,9090" And by "non-working", I of course mean not listening (as a prerequisite to forwarding): $ lsof -Pi -n|grep Virtual|grep LISTEN VirtualBo 27050 user 21u IPv4 0x2bbdc68fd363175d 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9191 (LISTEN) VirtualBo 27050 user 22u IPv4 0x2bbdc68fd0e0af75 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:8181 (LISTEN) There should be a similar line above but with 127.0.0.1:8282. Just to be clear, this port is listening perfectly fine on the guest itself. And when I remove the guest IP (i.e., clear the 10.10.10.10) the forward works fine, albeit to eth0 (not eth1 where I need it). I can tcpdump and watch the traffic flow back and forth. And yes, I've disabled iptables entirely while testing -- it's not getting blocked anywhere on the guest. As VirtualBox writes in their documentation, you are required to specify the guest IP if it's static (makes sense, no DHCP record it keeps): "If for some reason the guest uses a static assigned IP address not leased from the built-in DHCP server, it is required to specify the guest IP when registering the forwarding rule:". However, doing so (as I need to), seems to break the port forward with nary a report in any log file I can find. (I've reviewed everything in ~/Library/VirtualBox/). Other notes: While I used the above command to add the third rule, I've also verified it showed up correctly in GUI and then removed/re-added from there just to make sure). This forum link -- while very dated -- looks somewhat related in that a port forward to a static IP was not appearing (perhaps they think due to lack of gratuitous arp being sent for host to know IP is there/avail?). Anyway, what gives? Is this still buggy? Any suggestions? If not, easy enough workarounds? What's interesting is that this works perfectly fine on another user's Mac, however he's running a slightly older version (4.3.6 v. 4.3.12).

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  • How to increase acpiphp slots?

    - by Eil
    Oh RHEL 5.5, there are 31 ACPI PCI hotplug slots by default: acpiphp: Slot [1] registered ... acpiphp: Slot [31] registered Is there a way to increase this number? I haven't been able to find an argument to supply to modprobe, or a sysctl knob to tweak, but I know there must be ways to get more slots based on some Google sleuthing. (For the curious, this is just preliminary experimentation to see how many virtual disks I can hot-add to a running KVM guest.)

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