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  • how to determine if a character vector is a valid numeric or integer vector

    - by Andrew Barr
    I am trying to turn a nested list structure into a dataframe. The list looks similar to the following (it is serialized data from parsed JSON read in using the httr package). myList <- list(object1 = list(w=1, x=list(y=0.1, z="cat")), object2 = list(w=2, x=list(y=0.2, z="dog"))) unlist(myList) does a great job of recursively flattening the list, and I can then use lapply to flatten all the objects nicely. flatList <- lapply(myList, FUN= function(object) {return(as.data.frame(rbind(unlist(object))))}) And finally, I can button it up using plyr::rbind.fill myDF <- do.call(plyr::rbind.fill, flatList) str(myDF) #'data.frame': 2 obs. of 3 variables: #$ w : Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 1 2 #$ x.y: Factor w/ 2 levels "0.1","0.2": 1 2 #$ x.z: Factor w/ 2 levels "cat","dog": 1 2 The problem is that w and x.y are now being interpreted as character vectors, which by default get parsed as factors in the dataframe. I believe that unlist() is the culprit, but I can't figure out another way to recursively flatten the list structure. A workaround would be to post-process the dataframe, and assign data types then. What is the best way to determine if a vector is a valid numeric or integer vector?

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  • What is the preferred way in C++ for converting a builtin type (int) to bool?

    - by Martin
    When programming with Visual C++, I think every developer is used to see the warning warning C4800: 'BOOL' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' from time to time. The reason obviously is that BOOL is defined as int and directly assigning any of the built-in numerical types to bool is considered a bad idea. So my question is now, given any built-in numerical type (int, short, ...) that is to be interpreted as a boolean value, what is the/your preferred way of actually storing that value into a variable of type bool? Note: While mixing BOOL and bool is probably a bad idea, I think the problem will inevitably pop up whether on Windows or somewhere else, so I think this question is neither Visual-C++ nor Windows specific. Given int nBoolean; I prefer this style: bool b = nBoolean?true:false; The following might be alternatives: bool b = !!nBoolean; bool b = (nBoolean != 0); Is there a generally preferred way? Rationale? I should add: Since I only work with Visual-C++ I cannot really say if this is a VC++ specific question or if the same problem pops up with other compilers. So it would be interesting to specifically hear from g++ or users how they handle the int-bool case. Regarding Standard C++: As David Thornley notes in a comment, the C++ Standard does not require this behavior. In fact it seems to explicitly allow this, so one might consider this a VC++ weirdness. To quote the N3029 draft (which is what I have around atm.): 4.12 Boolean conversions [conv.bool] A prvalue of arithmetic, unscoped enumeration, pointer, or pointer to member type can be converted to a prvalue of type bool. A zero value, null pointer value, or null member pointer value is converted to false; any other value is converted to true. (...)

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  • Are there solutions for streamlining the update of legacy code in multiple places?

    - by ccomet
    I'm working in some old code which was originally designed for handling two different kinds of files. I was recently tasked with adding a new kind of file to this code. Most of my problems were solved by filling out an extensive XML file with a new entry that handled everything from what lists were named to how the file is written in plural lower case. But this ended up being insufficient, as there were maybe 50 different places in 24 different code files where I had to update hardcoded switch-statements that only branched for the original two file types. Unfortunately there is no consistency in this; there are methods which operate half from the XML file, and half off of hardcode. Some of the files which look like they would operate off of the XML file don't, and some that I would expect that I'd need to update the hardcode don't need it. So the only way to find the majority of these is to run through testing the whole system when only part of it is operational, finding that one step to fix (when I'm lucky that error logging actually tells me what is going on), and then running the whole thing again. This wastes time testing the parts of the code which are already confirmed to work, time better spent testing the new parts I have to add on top of it all. It's a hassle and a half, and to my luck I can expect that I will have to add yet another new kind of file in the near future. Are there any solutions out there which can aid in this kind of endeavour? Something which I can input some parameters of current features, document what points in a whole code project actually need to be updated, and run something nice the next time I need to add a new feature to the code. It needn't even be fully automated, something that'll help me navigate straight to the specific points in everything and maybe even record what kind of parameters need to be loaded. Doubt it matters specifically, but the code is comprised of ASP.NET pages, some ASP.NET controls, hundreds of C# code files, and a handful of additional XML files. It's all currently in a couple big Visual Studio 2008 projects.

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  • Can I use my Ninject .NET project within Orchard CMS?

    - by Mattias Z
    I am creating a website using Orchard CMS and I have an external .NET project written with Ninject for dependency injection which I would like to use together with a module within Orchard CMS. I know that Orchard uses Autofac for dependency injection and this is causing me problems since I never worked with DI before. I have created a Autofac module UserModule which registers the source UserRegistrationSource and I configured Orchard to load the module like this: OrchardStarter.cs .... builder.RegisterModule(new UserModule()); .... UserModule.cs public class UserModule : Module { protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder) { builder.RegisterSource(new UserRegistrationSource()); base.Load(builder); } } UserRegistrationSource.cs public class UserRegistrationSource : IRegistrationSource { public bool IsAdapterForIndividualComponents { get { return false; } } public IEnumerable<IComponentRegistration> RegistrationsFor(Service service, Func<Service, IEnumerable<IComponentRegistration>> registrationAccessor) { var serviceWithType = service as IServiceWithType; if (serviceWithType == null) yield break; var serviceType = serviceWithType.ServiceType; if (!serviceType.IsInterface || !typeof(IUserServices).IsAssignableFrom(serviceType) || serviceType == typeof(IUserServices)) yield break; var registrationBuilder = ... yield return registrationBuilder.CreateRegistration(); } } But now I'm stuck... Should I somehow try to resolve the dependencies in UserRegistrationSource by getting the requested types from the Ninject container (kernel) with Autofac or is this the wrong approach? Or should the Ninject kernel do the resolves for Autofac for the external project?

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  • Is there a safe / standard way to manage unstructured memory in C++?

    - by andand
    I'm building a toy VM that requires a block of memory for storing and accessing data elements of different types and of different sizes. I've done this by writing a wrapper class around a uint8_t[] data block of the needed size. That class has some template methods to write / read typed data elements to / from arbitrary locations in the memory block, both of which check to make certain the bounds aren't violated. These methods use memmove in what I hope is a more or less safe manner. That said, while I am willing to press on in this direction, I've got to believe that other with more expertise have been here before and might be willing to share their wisdom. In particular: 1) Is there a class in one of the C++ standards (past, present, future) that has been defined to perform a function similar to what I have outlined above? 2) If not, is there a (preferably free as in beer) library out there that does? 3) Short of that, besides bounds checking and the inevitable issue of writing one type to a memory location and reading a different from that location, are there other issues I should be aware of? Thanks.-&&

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  • Question about decorator pattern and the abstract decorator class?

    - by es11
    This question was asked already here, but rather than answering the specific question, descriptions of how the decorator pattern works were given instead. I'd like to ask it again because the answer is not immediately evident to me just by reading how the decorator pattern works (I've read the wikipedia article and the section in the book Head First Design Patterns). Basically, I want to know why an abstract decorator class must be created which implements (or extends) some interface (or abstract class). Why can't all the new "decorated classes" simply implement (or extend) the base abstract object themselves (instead of extending the abstract decorator class)? To make this more concrete I'll use the example from the design patterns book dealing with coffee beverages: There is an abstract component class called Beverage Simple beverage types such as HouseBlend simply extend Beverage To decorate beverage, an abstract CondimentDecorator class is created which extends Beverage and has an instance of Beverage Say we want to add a "milk" condiment, a class Milk is created which extends CondimentDecorator I'd like to understand why we needed the CondimentDecorator class and why the class Milk couldn't have simply extended the Beverage class itself and been passed an instance of Beverage in its constructor. Hopefully this is clear...if not I'd simply like to know why is the abstract decorator class necessary for this pattern? Thanks. Edit: I tried to implement this, omitting the abstract decorator class, and it seems to still work. Is this abstract class present in all descriptions of this pattern simply because it provides a standard interface for all of the new decorated classes?

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  • How to model parent to child pair in MySQL (SQL)

    - by mikeschuld
    I have a data model that includes element types Stage, Actor, and Form. Logically, Stages can be assigned pairs of ( Form <--- Actor ) which can be duplicated many times (i.e. same person and same form added to the same stage at a later date/time). Right now I am modeling this with these tables: Stage Form Actor Form_Actor _______________ |Id | |FormId | --> Id in Form |ActorId | --> Id in Actor Stage_FormActor __________________ |Id | |StageId | --> Id in Stage |FormActorId | --> Id in Form_Actor I am using CodeSmith to generate the data layer for this setup and none of the templates really know how to handle this type of relationship correctly when generating classes. Ideally, the ORM would have Stage.FormActors where FormActor would be the pair Form, Actor. Is this the correct way to model these relationships. I have tried using all three Ids in one table as well Stage_Form_Actor ______________ |Id | |StageId | --> Id in Stage |FormId | --> Id in Form |ActorId | --> Id in Actor This doesn't really get generated very well either. Ideas?

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  • Google App Engine, parsedatetime and TimeZones

    - by Ron
    Hey guys, I'm working on a Google App Engine / Django app and I encountered the following problem: In my html I have an input for time. The input is free text - the user types "in 1 hour" or "tomorrow at 11am". The text is then sent to the server in AJAX, which parses it using this python library: http://code.google.com/p/parsedatetime/. Once parsed, the server returns an epoch timestamp of the time. Here is the problem - Google App Engine always runs on UTC. Therefore, lets say that the local time is now 11am and the UTC time is 2am. When I send "now" to the server it will return "2am", which is good because I want the date to be received in UTC time. When I send "in 1 hour" the server will return "3am" which is good, again. However, when I send "at noon" the server will return "12pm" because it thinks that I'm talking about noon UTC - but really I need it to return 3am, which is noon for the request sender.. I can pass on the TZ of the browser that sends the request, but that wont really help me - the parsedatetime library wont take a timezone argument (correct me if I'm wrong). Is there a walk around this? Maybe setting the environments TZ somehow? Thanks!

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  • Strange Behaviour in Swift: constant defined with LET but behaving like a variable defined with VAR

    - by Sam
    Stuck on the below for a day! Any insight would be greatly appreciated. The constant in the first block match0 behaves as expected. The constant defined in the second block does not behave as nicely in the face of a change to its "source": var str = "+y+z*1.0*sum(A1:A3)" if let range0 = str.rangeOfString("^\\+|^\\-|^\\*|^\\/", options: NSStringCompareOptions.RegularExpressionSearch){ let match0 = str[range0] println(match0) //yields "+" - as expexted str.removeRange(range0) println(match0) //yields "+" - as expected str.removeRange(range0) println(match0) //yields "+" - as expected } if let range1 = str.rangeOfString("^\\+|^\\-|^\\*|^\\/", options: NSStringCompareOptions.RegularExpressionSearch){ let match1 = str[range1] println(match1) //yields "+" as expected str.removeRange(range1) println(match1) //!@#$ OMG!!!!!!!!!!! a constant variable has changed! This prints "z" } The following are the options I can see: match1 has somehow obtained a reference to its source instead of being copied by value [Problem: Strings are value types in Swift] match1 has somehow obtained a closure to its source instead of just being a normal constant/variable? [Problem: sounds like science fiction & then why does match0 behave so well?] Could there be a bug in the Swift compiler? [Problem: Experience has taught me that this is very very very rarely the solution to your problem...but it is still in beta]

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  • C++ interpreter conceptual problem

    - by Jan Wilkins
    I've built an interpreter in C++ for a language created by me. One main problem in the design was that I had two different types in the language: number and string. So I have to pass around a struct like: class myInterpreterValue { myInterpreterType type; int intValue; string strValue; } Objects of this class are passed around million times a second during e.g.: a countdown loop in my language. Profiling pointed out: 85% of the performance is eaten by the allocation function of the string template. This is pretty clear to me: My interpreter has bad design and doesn't use pointers enough. Yet, I don't have an option: I can't use pointers in most cases as I just have to make copies. How to do something against this? Is a class like this a better idea? vector<string> strTable; vector<int> intTable; class myInterpreterValue { myInterpreterType type; int locationInTable; } So the class only knows what type it represents and the position in the table This however again has disadvantages: I'd have to add temporary values to the string/int vector table and then remove them again, this would eat a lot of performance again. Help, how do interpreters of languages like Python or Ruby do that? They somehow need a struct that represents a value in the language like something that can either be int or string.

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  • F# and statically checked union cases

    - by Johan Jonasson
    Soon me and my brother-in-arms Joel will release version 0.9 of Wing Beats. It's an internal DSL written in F#. With it you can generate XHTML. One of the sources of inspiration have been the XHTML.M module of the Ocsigen framework. I'm not used to the OCaml syntax, but I do understand XHTML.M somehow statically check if attributes and children of an element are of valid types. We have not been able to statically check the same thing in F#, and now I wonder if someone have any idea of how to do it? My first naive approach was to represent each element type in XHTML as a union case. But unfortunately you cannot statically restrict which cases are valid as parameter values, as in XHTML.M. Then I tried to use interfaces (each element type implements an interface for each valid parent) and type constraints, but I didn't manage to make it work without the use of explicit casting in a way that made the solution cumbersome to use. And it didn't feel like an elegant solution anyway. Today I've been looking at Code Contracts, but it seems to be incompatible with F# Interactive. When I hit alt + enter it freezes. Just to make my question clearer. Here is a super simple artificial example of the same problem: type Letter = | Vowel of string | Consonant of string let writeVowel = function | Vowel str -> sprintf "%s is a vowel" str I want writeVowel to only accept Vowels statically, and not as above, check it at runtime. How can we accomplish this? Does anyone have any idea? There must be a clever way of doing it. If not with union cases, maybe with interfaces? I've struggled with this, but am trapped in the box and can't think outside of it.

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  • How to define multiple elements in XML Schema with the same name and different attribute value allow

    - by David Skyba
    I would like to create XML Schema for this chunk of xml, I would like to restrict the values of "name" attribute, so that in output document on and only one instance of day is allowed for each week day: <a> <day name="monday" /> <day name="tuesday" /> <day name="wednesday" /> </a> I have tried to use this: <xs:complexType name="a"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="day" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"> <xs:complexType> <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="monday" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:attribute> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="day" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"> <xs:complexType> <xs:attribute name="name" use="required"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="tuesday" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:attribute> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> but XML Schema validator in eclipse says error "Multiple elements with name 'day', with different types, appear in the model group.". Is there any other way?

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  • Strategy for WCF server with .Net clients and Android clients?

    - by D.H.
    I am using WCF to write a server that should be able to communicate with .Net clients, Android clients and possibly other types of clients. The main type of client is a desktop application that will be written in .Net. This client will usually be on the same intranet as the server. It will make an initial call to the server to get the current state of the system and will then receive updates from the server whenever a value changes. These updates are frequent, perhaps once a second. The Android clients will connect over the Internet. This client is also interested in updates, but it is not as critical as for the desktop client so a (less frequent) polling scenario might be acceptable. All clients will have to login to use the services, and when connecting over the Internet the connection should be secure. I am familiar with WCF but I am not sure what bindings are most appropriate for the scenario and what security solution to use. Also, I have not used Android, but I would like to make it as simple as possible for the person implementing the Android client to consume my services. So, what is my strategy?

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  • ProtoInclude for fields ?

    - by Big
    I have a simple object [ProtoContract] public class DataChangedEventArgs<T> : EventArgs { private readonly object key; private readonly T data; private readonly DataChangeType changeType; ///<summary> /// Key to identify the data item ///</summary> public object Key { get { return key; } } [ProtoMember(2, IsRequired = true)] public T Data { get { return data; } } [ProtoMember(3, IsRequired = true)] public DataChangeType ChangeType { get { return changeType; } } and I have a problem with the key. Its type is object, but it can be either int, long or string. I would intuitively use a ProtoInclude attribute to say "expect these types" but unfortunately they are class only attribute. Does anybody has any idea how I could work around this ? For background, the public object Key is here for historical reasons (and all over the place) so I would very much like to avoid the mother of all refactorings ;-) Any chance I could get this to Serialize, even force it to Serialize as a string ?

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  • Automatically hyper-link URL's and Email's using C#, whilst leaving bespoke tags in place

    - by marcusstarnes
    I have a site that enables users to post messages to a forum. At present, if a user types a web address or email address and posts it, it's treated the same as any other piece of text. There are tools that enable the user to supply hyper-linked web and email addresses (via some bespoke tags/markup) - these are sometimes used, but not always. In addition, a bespoke 'Image' tag can also be used to reference images that are hosted on the web. My objective is to both cater for those that use these existing tools to generate hyper-linked addresses, but to also cater for those that simply type a web or email address in, and to then automatically convert this to a hyper-linked address for them (as soon as they submit their post). I've found one or two regular expressions that convert a plain string web or email address, however, I obviously don't want to perform any manipulation on addresses that are already being handled via the sites bespoke tagging, and that's where I'm stuck - how to EXCLUDE any web or email addresses that are already catered for via the bespoke tagging - I wan't to leave them as is. Here are some examples of bespoke tagging for the variations that I need to be left alone: [URL=www.msn.com]www.msn.com[/URL] [URL=http://www.msn.com]http://www.msn.com[/URL] [[email protected]][email protected][/EMAIL] [IMG]www.msn.com/images/test.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.msn.com/images/test.jpg[/IMG] The following examples would however ideally need to be automatically converted into web & email links respectively: www.msn.com http://www.msn.com [email protected] Ideally, the 'converted' links would just have the appropriate bespoke tags applied to them as per the initial examples earlier in this post, so rather than: <a href="..." etc. they'd become: [URL=http://www.. etc.) Unfortunately, we have a LOT of historic data stored with this bespoke tagging throughout, so for now, we'd like to retain that rather than implementing an entirely new way of storing our users posts. Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks.

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  • hadoop implementing a generic list writable

    - by Guruprasad Venkatesh
    I am working on building a map reduce pipeline of jobs(with one MR job's output feeding to another as input). The values being passed around are fairly complex, in that there are lists of different types and hash maps with values as lists. Hadoop api does not seem to have a ListWritable. Am trying to write a generic one, but it seems i can't instantiate a generic type in my readFields implementation, unless i pass in the class type itself: public class ListWritable<T extends Writable> implements Writable { private List<T> list; private Class<T> clazz; public ListWritable(Class<T> clazz) { this.clazz = clazz; list = new ArrayList<T>(); } @Override public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException { out.writeInt(list.size()); for (T element : list) { element.write(out); } } @Override public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException{ int count = in.readInt(); this.list = new ArrayList<T>(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { try { T obj = clazz.newInstance(); obj.readFields(in); list.add(obj); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } But hadoop requires all writables to have a no argument constructor to read the values back. Has anybody tried to do the same and solved this problem? TIA.

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  • Binding a null variable in a PreparedStatement

    - by Paul Tomblin
    I swear this used to work, but it's not in this case. I'm trying to match col1, col2 and col3, even if one or more of them is null. I know that in some languages I've had to resort to circumlocutions like ((? is null AND col1 is null) OR col1 = ?). Is that required here? PreparedStatement selStmt = getConn().prepareStatement( "SELECT * " + "FROM tbl1 " + "WHERE col1 = ? AND col2 = ? and col3 = ?"); try { int col = 1; setInt(selStmt, col++, col1); setInt(selStmt, col++, col2); setInt(selStmt, col++, col3); ResultSet rs = selStmt.executeQuery(); try { while (rs.next()) { // process row } } finally { rs.close(); } } finally { selStmt.close(); } // Does the equivalient of stmt.setInt(col, i) but preserves nullness. protected static void setInt(PreparedStatement stmt, int col, Integer i) throws SQLException { if (i == null) stmt.setNull(col, java.sql.Types.INTEGER); else stmt.setInt(col, i); }

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  • Choosing a method for a webservice

    - by Wrikken
    I'm asked to set up a new webservice which should be easily usable in whatever language (php, .NET, Java, etc.) possible. Of course rolling my own can be done, accepting different content-types (xml / x-www-form-urlencoded (normal post) / json / etc.), but an existing method or mechanism would of course be prefered, cutting down time spent on development for the consumers of the service. The webservice does accept modifications / sets (it is not only simply data retrieval), but those will most likely be quite a lot less then gets (we estimate about 2.5% sets, 97.5 gets). The term webservice here indicates the protocol should go over HTTP, not being able to implement it totally client sided (javascript in the end-users browser etc.), as it needs specific user authentication. Both gets and sets are pretty light on the parameter count (usually 1 to 4). Methods like REST (which I'd prefer for only gets), XML-RPC & SOAP (might be a bit overkill, but has the advantage of explicitly defined methods and returns) are the usual suspects. What in your opinion / experience is the most widely 'spoken' and most easily implementable protocol in different languages (seen from the consumers' viewpoint) which could fullfill this need?

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  • template style matrix implementation in c

    - by monkeyking
    From time to time I use the following code for generating a matrix style datastructure typedef double myType; typedef struct matrix_t{ |Compilation started at Mon Apr 5 02:24:15 myType **matrix; | size_t x; |gcc structreaderGeneral.c -std=gnu99 -lz size_t y; | }matrix; |Compilation finished at Mon Apr 5 02:24:15 | | matrix alloc_matrix(size_t x, size_t y){ | if(0) | fprintf(stderr,"\t-> Alloc matrix with dim (%lu,%lu) byteprline=%lu bytetotal:%l\| u\n",x,y,y*sizeof(myType),x*y*sizeof(myType)); | | myType **m = (myType **)malloc(x*sizeof(myType **)); | for(size_t i=0;i<x;i++) | m[i] =(myType *) malloc(y*sizeof(myType *)); | | matrix ret; | ret.x=x; | ret.y=y; | ret.matrix=m; | return ret; | } And then I would change my typedef accordingly if I needed a different kind of type for the entries in my matrix. Now I need 2 matrices with different types, an easy solution would be to copy/paste the code, but is there some way to do a template styled implementation. Thanks

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  • Unity Framework constructor parameters in MVC

    - by ubersteve
    I have an ASP.NET MVC3 site that I want to be able to use different types of email service, depending on how busy the site is. Consider the following: public interface IEmailService { void SendEmail(MailMessage mailMessage); } public class LocalEmailService : IEmailService { public LocalEmailService() { // no setup required } public void SendEmail(MailMessage mailMessage) { // send email via local smtp server, write it to a text file, whatever } } public class BetterEmailService : IEmailService { public BetterEmailService (string smtpServer, string portNumber, string username, string password) { // initialize the object with the parameters } public void SendEmail(MailMessage mailMessage) { //actually send the email } } Whilst the site is in development, all of my controllers will send emails via the LocalEmailService; when the site is in production, they will use the BetterEmailService. My question is twofold: 1) How exactly do I pass the BetterEmailService constructor parameters? Is it something like this (from ~/Bootstrapper.cs): private static IUnityContainer BuildUnityContainer() { var container = new UnityContainer(); container.RegisterType<IEmailService, BetterEmailService>("server name", "port", "username", "password"); return container; } 2) Is there a better way of doing that - i.e. putting those keys in the web.config or another configuration file so that the site would not need to be recompiled to switch which email service it was using? Many thanks!

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  • Auto filling polymorphic table on save or on delete in django

    - by Mo J. Mughrabi
    Hi, Am working on an project in which I made an app "core" it will contain some of the reused models across my projects, most of those are polymorphic models (Generic content types) and will be linked to different models. Example below am trying to create audit model and will be linked to several models which may require auditing. This is the polls/models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from core.models import * from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic class Poll(models.Model): ## TODO: Document question = models.CharField(max_length=300) question_slug=models.SlugField(editable=False) start_poll_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True) end_poll_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) audit_obj=generic.GenericRelation(Audit) def __unicode__(self): return self.question class Choice(models.Model): ## TODO: Document choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) poll=models.ForeignKey(Poll) audit_obj=generic.GenericRelation(Audit) class Vote(models.Model): ## TODO: Document choice=models.ForeignKey(Choice) Ip_Address=models.IPAddressField(editable=False) vote_at=models.DateTimeField("Vote at", editable=False) here is the core/modes.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic class Audit(models.Model): ## TODO: Document # Polymorphic model using generic relation through DJANGO content type created_at = models.DateTimeField("Created at", auto_now_add=True) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, db_column="created_by", related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_y+") updated_at = models.DateTimeField("Updated at", auto_now=True) updated_by = models.ForeignKey(User, db_column="updated_by", null=True, blank=True, related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_y+") content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(unique=True) content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') and here is polls/admin.py from django.core.context_processors import request from polls.models import Poll, Choice from core.models import * from django.contrib import admin class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline): model = Choice extra = 3 class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [ChoiceInline] admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin) Am quite new to django, what am trying to do here, insert a record in audit when a record is inserted in polls and then update that same record when a record is updated in polls.

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  • Return type from DAL class (Sql ce, Linq to Sql)

    - by bretddog
    Hi, Using VS2008 and Sql CE 3.5, and preferably Linq to Sql. I'm learning database, and unsure about DAL methods return types and how/where to map the data over to my business objects: I don't want direct UI binding. A business object class UserData, and a class UserDataList (Inherits List(Of UserData)), is represented in the database by the table "Users". I use SQL Compact and run SqlMetal which creates dbml/designer.vb file. This gives me a class with a TableAttribute: <Table()> _ Partial Public Class Users I'm unsure how to use this class. Should my business object know about this class, such that the DAL can return the type Users, or List(Of Users) ? So for example the "UserDataService Class" is a part of the DAL, and would have for example the functions GetAll and GetById. Will this be correct : ? Public Class UserDataService Public Function GetAll() As List(Of Users) Dim ctx As New MyDB(connection) Dim q As List(Of Users) = From n In ctx.Users Select n Return q End Function Public Function GetById(ByVal id As Integer) As Users Dim ctx As New MyDB(connection) Dim q As Users = (From n In ctx.Users Where n.UserID = id Select n).Single Return q End Function And then, would I perhaps have a method, say in the UserDataList class, like: Public Class UserDataList Inherits List(Of UserData) Public Sub LoadFromDatabase() Me.clear() Dim database as New UserDataService dim users as List(Of Users) users = database.GetAll() For each u in users dim newUser as new UserData newUser.Id = u.Id newUser.Name = u.Name Me.Add(newUser) Next End Sub End Class Is this a sensible approach? Would appreciate any suggestions/alternatives, as this is my first attempt on a database DAL. cheers!

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  • How do I format the contents of a DataGrid cell as a Date? as Currency?

    - by Ben McCormack
    I have a Silverlight DataGrid that's being populated with different types of data for each column. I'm trying to figure out how to format some of the contents of the DataGrid's cells, specifically for dates and formatting. I have a date column that's currently displaying like: 3/11/2010 12:00:00 AM. I would rather it display like 3/14/2010. I have a number column that's currently displaying like: 51.32. I'd rather it display as currency like $51.32. I'm not sure how I can go about doing this. I'd prefer to do it in XAML instead of C#, but both solutions are fine. For reference, here's my XAML so far: </data:DataGridTextColumn> <data:DataGridTextColumn Header="Payee" Binding="{Binding Payee}"/> <data:DataGridTextColumn Header="Category" Binding="{Binding Category}"/> <data:DataGridTextColumn Header="Memo" Binding="{Binding Memo}"/> <data:DataGridTextColumn Header="Inflow" Binding="{Binding Inflow}"/> <data:DataGridTextColumn Header="Outflow" Binding="{Binding Outflow}"/> </data:DataGrid.Columns>

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  • WCF service reference namespace differs from original

    - by Thorarin
    I'm having a problem regarding namespaces used by my service references. I have a number of WCF services, say with the namespace MyCompany.Services.MyProduct (the actual namespaces are longer). As part of the product, I'm also providing a sample C# .NET website. This web application uses the namespace MyCompany.MyProduct. During initial development, the service was added as a project reference to the website and uses directly. I used a factory pattern that returns an object instance that implements MyCompany.Services.MyProduct.IMyService. So far, so good. Now I want to change this to use an actual service reference. After adding the reference and typing MyCompany.Services.MyProduct in the namespace textbox, it generates classes in the namespace MyCompany.MyProduct.MyCompany.Services.MyProduct. BAD! I don't want to have to change using directives in several places just because I'm using a proxy class. So I tried prepending the namespace with global::, but that is not accepted. Note that I hadn't even deleted the original assembly references yet, and "reuse types" is enabled, but no reusing was done, apparently. However, I don't want to keep the assembly references around in my sample website for it to work anyway. The only solution I've come up with so far is setting the default namespace for my web application to MyCompany (because it cannot be empty), and adding the service reference as Services.MyProduct. Suppose that a customer wants to use my sample website as a starting point, and they change the default namespace to OtherCompany.Whatever, this will obviously break my workaround. Is there a good solution to this problem? To summarize: I want to generate a service reference proxy in the original namespace, without referencing the assembly. Note: I have seen this question, but there was no solution provided that is acceptable for my use case. Edit: As John Saunders suggested, I've submitted some feedback to Microsoft about this: Feedback item @ Microsoft Connect

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  • Performance impact when using XML columns in a table with MS SQL 2008

    - by Sam Dahan
    I am using a simple table with 6 columns, 3 of which are of XML type, not schema-constrained. When the table reaches a size around 120,000 or 150,000 rows, I see a dramatic performance cost in doing any query in the table. For comparison, I have another table, which grows in size at about the same rate, but only contain scalar types (int, datetime, a few float columns). That table performs perfectly fine even after 200,000 rows. And by the way, I am not using XQuery on the xml columns, i am only using regular SQL query statements. Some specifics: both tables contain a DateTime field called SampleTime. a statement like (it's in a stored procedure but I show you the actual statement) SELECT MAX(sampleTime) SampleTime FROM dbo.MyRecords WHERE PlacementID=@somenumber takes 0 seconds on the table without xml columns, and anything from 13 to 20 seconds on the table with XML columns. That depends on which drive I set my database on. At the moment it sits on a different spindle (not C:) and it takes 13 seconds. Has anyone seen this behavior before, or have any hint at what I am doing wrong? I tried this with SQL 2008 EXPRESS and the full-blown SQL Server 2008, that made no difference. Oh, one last detail: I am doing this from a C# application, .NET 3.5, using SqlConnection, SqlReader, etc.. I'd appreciate some insight into that, thanks! Sam

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