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  • For normal mapping, why can we not simply add the tangent normal to the surface normal?

    - by sebf
    I am looking at implementing bump mapping (which in all implementations I have seen is really normal mapping), and so far all I have read says that to do this, we create a matrix to convert from world-space to tangent-space, in order to transform the lights and eye direction vectors into tangent space, so that the vectors from the normal map may be used directly in place of those passed through from the vertex shader. What I do not understand though, is why we cannot just use the normalised sum of the sampled-normal vector, and the surface-normal? (assuming we already transform and pass through the surface normal for the existing lighting functions) Take the diagram below; the normal is simply the deviation from the 'reference normal' for any given coordinate system, correct? And transforming the surface normal of a mapped surface from world space to tangent space makes it equivalent to the tangent space 'reference normal', no? If so, why do we transform all lighting vectors into tangent space, instead of simply transforming the sampled tangent once in the pixel shader?

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  • What do you do when you realize your job requires you to do something out of your depth?

    - by Billy ONeal
    For a large software project recently, I was really out of my depth. And I did actually know this; and that the only reason I was employed was mostly a lack of other qualified candidates. The job was to build a large application on top of PHP/MySQL, a system I had little experience with. (I did advise the employer of this beforehand -- I've been spoiled by C# ASP.NET/MVC and MSSQL Server) The main reason I applied was location, location, location -- on campus jobs which actually have any programming component are relatively rare. For almost a year and a half I've slogged through this, and I think I can say I know (at least somewhat) what I'm doing now. I've made some mistakes, torn out some hair, and moved on. (I'm still working on this system nowadays, but I no longer feel completely lost) In the future though, I'd like to keep my personal and professional self a little healthier than what occurred in this case. So I'm curious -- what's the best way to handle a situation like this?

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  • Literature for Inverse Kinematics: Joint Limits and beyond

    - by Jeff
    Recently I've been playing around with Inverse Kinematics and have been pretty impressed with the results. Naturally I want to take it further, but have no clue where to start. In particular, I would like to introduce joint limits (ie for a prismatic joint how far it can move, hinge joint what angles it has to be between, etc etc). Currently I understand how to produce the Jacobian matrix for the various joint types. I am particularly looking for literature (preferably free, and preferably easy to understand) on various ways to implement joint limits. Also I would like to find out different ideas on how inverse kinematics can be used.

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  • Setting up UPS monitoring

    - by Andrew Heath
    I have acquired a second hand Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) that I have refurbished (new battery) and hope to use with my Ubuntu 12.10 system. It's a SOLA 330 with serial out. I have installed NUT Metapackage and NUT Monitor from Software Centre, but am not sure how to go about setting it all up. A Google search brings up several ways of configuring Network UPS Tools (NUT) or HAL-Drivers, however, HAL-Drivers appears to be obsolete and many commands and config files mentioned to edit do not exist in 12.10 or the current version of NUT (most articles are a few years old). One tutorial seemed to work except the Error: no UPS definitions found in ups.conf even though ups.conf has values in it as laid out in the tutorial. How do I go about setting my system to monitor the UPS for a shut down signal? Also, is there a command to determine the UPS is communicating through the serial connection and on what port (to help with setup and configuring, eg. /dev/ttyS0 is mentioned in one of the tutorials I read).

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  • install Cirrus Logic cs46xx (audio card) drivers

    - by Aikanáro
    I have two sounds cards, one is the on-board (it's VIA) the other is Cirrus Logic cs46xx. This is what lspci shows me: 04:04.0 Multimedia audio controller: Cirrus Logic CS 4614/22/24/30 [CrystalClear SoundFusion Audio Accelerator] (rev 01) It only show the cirrus logic, cause I disable the VIA card through BIOS. This page: http://es.driverscollection.com/?file_id=13152 gives me instructions to install it, but I can follow them because the folders indicates in the page do not matches with the ones that I see in my system. The alsa page: http://alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Matrix:Module-cs46xx, also give me instructions, but I don't understand it. For example, they say: type in a terminal: ./configure but don't say in what directory. I think that isn't instructions for begginers... Right now I can't heard anything. I decide to disable the VIA audio card, cause I've read they don't get along with linux, although i use the integrate VIA video card. I have ubuntu 11.10

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  • SysRq+REISUB hangs at "resetting" (without actually resetting/restarting) in Maverick

    - by Andrei
    I'm trying SysRq+REISUB to see how it would be used to restart my system safely in case of emergency. However, I find that SysRq+REISUB hangs at "resetting" (without actually resetting/restarting) in Maverick. All other SysRq combinations appear to work correctly (i.e. SysRq+REISU). cat /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq returns 0. But I'm not sure it's relevant because SysRq certainly works. What can I do to have "B" actually restart the system? Thanks!

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  • How do I change the language via a terminal?

    - by McGee
    Using system settings I changed my language to Arabic and deleted the English language from the settings. Then the computer lagged and it logged out - now I can't log back in because the login is in Arabic. So is there a way to default my language via terminal, default the login password language, or login via terminal which is still in English. I only have access to guest and a terminal. I changed the pasword to something that could be translated into arabic http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/resetpassword - then loged in and used system settings to default.

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  • Cannot log in to the desktop on ubuntu 11.10?

    - by Jichao
    The problem is, I could log in under the terminal, i could ifup eth0, i could do anything I want in the terminal, but if I use ctrl+alt+f7 goto the gnome login screen, after I input the correct password, the system just send me back to same login screen again. I have created a new user, but it didn't work. I have change all the files under ~/ to jichao:jichao(which is my username) with chown -hR jichao:jichao /home/jichao, but it didn't work too. I searched the internet, somebody said I should see the logs under /var/log/gdm, but there is not a /var/log/gdm directory in my box. Here are the tail of files under /var/log/ tail X.org.log [ 3263.348] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so [ 3263.348] (**) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: always reports core events [ 3263.348] (**) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: Device: "/dev/input/event5" [ 3263.348] (--) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: Found keys [ 3263.348] (II) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: Configuring as keyboard [ 3263.348] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input29/event5" [ 3263.348] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Dell Dell USB Keyboard" (type: KEYBOARD) [ 3263.348] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev" [ 3263.348] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105" [ 3263.348] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us" kern.log Mar 20 09:32:58 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3182.701247] input: Dell Dell USB Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input27 Mar 20 09:32:58 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3182.701392] generic-usb 0003:413C:2003.0018: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [Dell Dell USB Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.4/input0 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.642572] usb 2-1.3: new low speed USB device number 17 using ehci_hcd Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.741892] input: Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input28 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.742080] generic-usb 0003:045E:0047.0019: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM)] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input0 Mar 20 09:33:27 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.473901] usb 2-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 17 Mar 20 09:33:28 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.702031] usb 2-1.4: USB disconnect, device number 16 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.022655] usb 2-1.4: new low speed USB device number 18 using ehci_hcd Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124278] input: Dell Dell USB Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input29 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124423] generic-usb 0003:413C:2003.001A: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [Dell Dell USB Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.4/input0 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.741892] input: Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input28 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.742080] generic-usb 0003:045E:0047.0019: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM)] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input0 syslog Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 17 was not an MTP device Mar 20 09:33:27 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.473901] usb 2-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 17 Mar 20 09:33:28 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.702031] usb 2-1.4: USB disconnect, device number 16 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.022655] usb 2-1.4: new low speed USB device number 18 using ehci_hcd Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 18: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4" Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 18 was not an MTP device Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124278] input: Dell Dell USB Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input29 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124423] generic-usb 0003:413C:2003.001A: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [Dell Dell USB Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.4/input0 auth.log Mar 20 09:18:52 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm-autologin:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Mar 20 09:18:53 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "jichao" Mar 20 09:18:53 jichao-MS-730 dbus[835]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.240" (uid=104 pid=6457 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.11" (uid=0 pid=1156 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") Mar 20 09:19:38 jichao-MS-730 sudo: jichao : TTY=tty6 ; PWD=/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/chown -hR jichao:jichao jicha Mar 20 09:19:39 jichao-MS-730 sudo: jichao : TTY=tty6 ; PWD=/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/chown -hR jichao:jichao jichao Mar 20 09:20:10 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm-autologin:session): session closed for user lightdm Mar 20 09:20:11 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm-autologin:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Mar 20 09:20:11 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm-autologin:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Mar 20 09:20:12 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "jichao" Mar 20 09:20:12 jichao-MS-730 dbus[835]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.247" (uid=104 pid=6572 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.11" (uid=0 pid=1156 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") It seems that my .xsession-errors does not grow since yesterday. Here is my .xsession-error: (gnome-settings-daemon:1550): Gdk-WARNING **: The program 'gnome-settings-daemon' received an X Window System error. This probably reflects a bug in the program. The error was 'BadWindow (invalid Window parameter)'. (Details: serial 26702 error_code 3 request_code 2 minor_code 0) (Note to programmers: normally, X errors are reported asynchronously; that is, you will receive the error a while after causing it. To debug your program, run it with the --sync command line option to change this behavior. You can then get a meaningful backtrace from your debugger if you break on the gdk_x_error() function.) (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed WARN 2012-03-17 19:28:46 glib <unknown>:0 Unable to fetch children: Method "Children" with signature "" on interface "org.ayatana.bamf.view" doesn't exist WARN 2012-03-17 19:28:46 glib <unknown>:0 Unable to fetch children: Method "Children" with signature "" on interface "org.ayatana.bamf.view" doesn't exist (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, /usr/share/system-config-printer/applet.py:336: GtkWarning: ??????????????:“pixmap”, self.loop.run () (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 4: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 5: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 6: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 7: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 10: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 8: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 9: yes (gnome-settings-daemon:13791): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_object_unref: assertion `G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed [1331983727,000,xklavier.c:xkl_engine_start_listen/] The backend does not require manual layout management - but it is provided by the application ** (gnome-fallback-mount-helper:1584): DEBUG: ConsoleKit session is active 0 (gnome-fallback-mount-helper:1584): Gdk-WARNING **: gnome-fallback-mount-helper: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (gdu-notification-daemon:1708): Gdk-WARNING **: gdu-notification-daemon: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. unity-window-decorator: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0.0. (bluetooth-applet:1583): Gdk-WARNING **: bluetooth-applet: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (nm-applet:1596): Gdk-WARNING **: nm-applet: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (nautilus:3106): IBUS-WARNING **: _connection_closed_cb: Underlying GIOStream returned 0 bytes on an async read (update-notifier:1821): Gdk-WARNING **: update-notifier: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. applet.py: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (nautilus:3106): Gdk-WARNING **: nautilus: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. Could you help me, Thanks.

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  • New Wine in New Bottles

    - by Tony Davis
    How many people, when their car shows signs of wear and tear, would consider upgrading the engine and keeping the shell? Even if you're cash-strapped, you'll soon work out the subtlety of the economics, the cost of sudden breakdowns, the precious time lost coping with the hassle, and the low 'book value'. You'll generally buy a new car. The same philosophy should apply to database systems. Mainstream support for SQL Server 2005 ends on April 12; many DBAS, if they haven't done so already, will be considering the migration to SQL Server 2008 R2. Hopefully, that upgrade plan will include a fresh install of the operating system on brand new hardware. SQL Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2008 R2 are designed to work together. The improved architecture, processing power, and hyper-threading capabilities of modern processors will dramatically improve the performance of many SQL Server workloads, and allow consolidation opportunities. Of course, there will be many DBAs smiling ruefully at the suggestion of such indulgence. This is nothing like the real world, this halcyon place where hardware and software budgets are limitless, development and testing resources are plentiful, and third party vendors immediately certify their applications for the latest-and-greatest platform! As with cars, or any other technology, the justification for a complete upgrade is complex. With Servers, the extra cost at time of upgrade will generally pay you back in terms of the increased performance of your business applications, reduced maintenance costs, training costs and downtime. Also, if you plan and design carefully, it's possible to offset hardware costs with reduced SQL Server licence costs. In his forthcoming SQL Server Hardware book, Glenn Berry describes a recent case where he was able to replace 4 single-socket database servers with one two-socket server, saving about $90K in hardware costs and $350K in SQL Server license costs. Of course, there are exceptions. If you do have a stable, reliable, secure SQL Server 6.5 system that still admirably meets the needs of a specific business requirement, and has no security vulnerabilities, then by all means leave it alone. Why upgrade just for the sake of it? However, as soon as a system shows sign of being unfit for purpose, or is moving out of mainstream support, the ruthless DBA will make the strongest possible case for a belts-and-braces upgrade. We'd love to hear what you think. What does your typical upgrade path look like? What are the major obstacles? Cheers, Tony.

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  • cannot format a fat filesystem, getting error "Both FATs appear to be corrupt. Giving up."

    - by Nilesh
    i am trying format an FAT (or FAT32) file system on my ubuntu system, but i am not able to format the device, each time i am getting the error "Both FATs appear to be corrupt. Giving up." i have tried all options like sudo dosfsck -t -a -w /dev/sdc1 sudo dosfsck -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1 but each time the same message comes, can any one guide me how to recover the filesystem, also i don't mind losing data of this drive as this is an external pen drive. Also, can u pl suggest of some method other then booting from a CD with software like GPARTED or something like that.

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  • .NET developer needs FoxPro advice

    - by katit
    We have a prospect with FoxPro 2.6 (whatever it means) system. Our product integrates with other systems by the means of triggers (usually). We would place couple of triggers on X system and then just pull collected data for our use. This way there is no need to customize customers product and it works great(almost real time - we poll for changes every 30 seconds). Question: Can I put triggers on FoxPro 2.6? Can access FoxPro from .NET? Any catches/caveats?

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  • Thinkpad x201 Tablet - Touch doesn't work correctly under 12.04

    - by Joachim
    running 12.04 on my Thinkpad X201t. On the login screen the touch works fine, the mouse cursor appears where I touch the screen. After I logged in, it doesn't work anymore. If I touch the display, the cursor stays on the point where it was before, it doesn't jump to the touchpoint. I can move it, yes, but its chaotic. With the pen it works fine, but without the touch-function it's not enought for real tablet usage. So, would be glad if touch-function can be fixed. I'm very new to Linux/Ubuntu, so don't know where I can start. Haven't found anything in the system settings & Compiz so far, also no luck in google etc. Would be glad for help ;-). Of course I could go back to 11.04... but I would prefer to stay with the new system. Best, Joachim

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  • How to Achieve Real-Time Data Protection and Availabilty....For Real

    - by JoeMeeks
    There is a class of business and mission critical applications where downtime or data loss have substantial negative impact on revenue, customer service, reputation, cost, etc. Because the Oracle Database is used extensively to provide reliable performance and availability for this class of application, it also provides an integrated set of capabilities for real-time data protection and availability. Active Data Guard, depicted in the figure below, is the cornerstone for accomplishing these objectives because it provides the absolute best real-time data protection and availability for the Oracle Database. This is a bold statement, but it is supported by the facts. It isn’t so much that alternative solutions are bad, it’s just that their architectures prevent them from achieving the same levels of data protection, availability, simplicity, and asset utilization provided by Active Data Guard. Let’s explore further. Backups are the most popular method used to protect data and are an essential best practice for every database. Not surprisingly, Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) is one of the most commonly used features of the Oracle Database. But comparing Active Data Guard to backups is like comparing apples to motorcycles. Active Data Guard uses a hot (open read-only), synchronized copy of the production database to provide real-time data protection and HA. In contrast, a restore from backup takes time and often has many moving parts - people, processes, software and systems – that can create a level of uncertainty during an outage that critical applications can’t afford. This is why backups play a secondary role for your most critical databases by complementing real-time solutions that can provide both data protection and availability. Before Data Guard, enterprises used storage remote-mirroring for real-time data protection and availability. Remote-mirroring is a sophisticated storage technology promoted as a generic infrastructure solution that makes a simple promise – whatever is written to a primary volume will also be written to the mirrored volume at a remote site. Keeping this promise is also what causes data loss and downtime when the data written to primary volumes is corrupt – the same corruption is faithfully mirrored to the remote volume making both copies unusable. This happens because remote-mirroring is a generic process. It has no  intrinsic knowledge of Oracle data structures to enable advanced protection, nor can it perform independent Oracle validation BEFORE changes are applied to the remote copy. There is also nothing to prevent human error (e.g. a storage admin accidentally deleting critical files) from also impacting the remote mirrored copy. Remote-mirroring tricks users by creating a false impression that there are two separate copies of the Oracle Database. In truth; while remote-mirroring maintains two copies of the data on different volumes, both are part of a single closely coupled system. Not only will remote-mirroring propagate corruptions and administrative errors, but the changes applied to the mirrored volume are a result of the same Oracle code path that applied the change to the source volume. There is no isolation, either from a storage mirroring perspective or from an Oracle software perspective.  Bottom line, storage remote-mirroring lacks both the smarts and isolation level necessary to provide true data protection. Active Data Guard offers much more than storage remote-mirroring when your objective is protecting your enterprise from downtime and data loss. Like remote-mirroring, an Active Data Guard replica is an exact block for block copy of the primary. Unlike remote-mirroring, an Active Data Guard replica is NOT a tightly coupled copy of the source volumes - it is a completely independent Oracle Database. Active Data Guard’s inherent knowledge of Oracle data block and redo structures enables a separate Oracle Database using a different Oracle code path than the primary to use the full complement of Oracle data validation methods before changes are applied to the synchronized copy. These include: physical check sum, logical intra-block checking, lost write validation, and automatic block repair. The figure below illustrates the stark difference between the knowledge that remote-mirroring can discern from an Oracle data block and what Active Data Guard can discern. An Active Data Guard standby also provides a range of additional services enabled by the fact that it is a running Oracle Database - not just a mirrored copy of data files. An Active Data Guard standby database can be open read-only while it is synchronizing with the primary. This enables read-only workloads to be offloaded from the primary system and run on the active standby - boosting performance by utilizing all assets. An Active Data Guard standby can also be used to implement many types of system and database maintenance in rolling fashion. Maintenance and upgrades are first implemented on the standby while production runs unaffected at the primary. After the primary and standby are synchronized and all changes have been validated, the production workload is quickly switched to the standby. The only downtime is the time required for user connections to transfer from one system to the next. These capabilities further expand the expectations of availability offered by a data protection solution beyond what is possible to do using storage remote-mirroring. So don’t be fooled by appearances.  Storage remote-mirroring and Active Data Guard replication may look similar on the surface - but the devil is in the details. Only Active Data Guard has the smarts, the isolation, and the simplicity, to provide the best data protection and availability for the Oracle Database. Stay tuned for future blog posts that dive into the many differences between storage remote-mirroring and Active Data Guard along the dimensions of data protection, data availability, cost, asset utilization and return on investment. For additional information on Active Data Guard, see: Active Data Guard Technical White Paper Active Data Guard vs Storage Remote-Mirroring Active Data Guard Home Page on the Oracle Technology Network

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  • Switch encoding of terminal with a command

    - by Tomas Lycken
    One of the servers I quite often ssh to uses western encoding instead of utf-8 (and there's no way I can change that). I've started writing a bash script to connect to this server, so I won't have to type out the entire address every time, but I would like to improve this script so it also changes the encoding of the terminal window correctly. The change I need to do can be performed using the mouse by navigating to "Terminal"-"Set Character Encoding..."-"Western (ISO-8859-1)". Is there a terminal command that does the same thing, for the current terminal window/screen? To clarify: I'm not interested in ways of switching the locale of the system on the remote site - that system is administered by someone else, and I have no idea what stuff might depend on the latin-1 encoding there. What I want to do is to let this terminal window on my side switch character encoding to the above mentioned, in the same way I can do with my mouse and the menus.

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  • Explaining Explain Plan Notes for Auto DOP

    - by jean-pierre.dijcks
    I've recently gotten some questions around "why do I not see a parallel plan" while Auto DOP is on (I think)...? It is probably worthwhile to quickly go over some of the ways to find out what Auto DOP was thinking. In general, there is no need to go tracing sessions and look under the hood. The thing to start with is to do an explain plan on your statement and to look at the parameter settings on the system. Parameter Settings to Look At First and foremost, make sure that parallel_degree_policy = AUTO. If you have that parameter set to LIMITED you will not have queuing and we will only do the auto magic if your objects are set to default parallel (so no degree specified). Next you want to look at the value of parallel_degree_limit. It is typically set to CPU, which in default settings equates to the Default DOP of the system. If you are testing Auto DOP itself and the impact it has on performance you may want to leave it at this CPU setting. If you are running concurrent statements you may want to give this some more thoughts. See here for more information. In general, do stick with either CPU or with a specific number. For now avoid the IO setting as I've seen some mixed results with that... In 11.2.0.2 you should also check that IO Calibrate has been run. Best to simply do a: SQL> select * from V$IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS; STATUS        CALIBRATION_TIME ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- READY         04-JAN-11 10.04.13.104 AM You should see that your IO Calibrate is READY and therefore Auto DOP is ready. In any case, if you did not run the IO Calibrate step you will get the following note in the explain plan: Note -----    - automatic DOP: skipped because of IO calibrate statistics are missing One more note on calibrate_io, if you do not have asynchronous IO enabled you will see:  ERROR at line 1: ORA-56708: Could not find any datafiles with asynchronous i/o capability ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_RMIN", line 463 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER", line 1296 ORA-06512: at line 7 While this is changed in some fixes to the calibrate procedure, you should really consider switching asynchronous IO on for your data warehouse. Explain Plan Explanation To see the notes that are shown and explained here (and the above little snippet ) you can use a simple explain plan mechanism. There should  be no need to add +parallel etc. explain plan for <statement> SELECT PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY()); Auto DOP The note structure displaying why Auto DOP did not work (with the exception noted above on IO Calibrate) is like this: Automatic degree of parallelism is disabled: <reason> These are the reason codes: Parameter -  parallel_degree_policy = manual which will not allow Auto DOP to kick in  Hint - One of the following hints are used NOPARALLEL, PARALLEL(1), PARALLEL(MANUAL) Outline - A SQL outline of an older version (before 11.2) is used SQL property restriction - The statement type does not allow for parallel processing Rule-based mode - Instead of the Cost Based Optimizer the system is using the RBO Recursive SQL statement - The statement type does not allow for parallel processing pq disabled/pdml disabled/pddl disabled - For some reason (alter session?) parallelism is disabled Limited mode but no parallel objects referenced - your parallel_degree_policy = LIMITED and no objects in the statement are decorated with the default PARALLEL degree. In most cases all objects have a specific degree in which case Auto DOP will honor that degree. Parallel Degree Limited When Auto DOP does it works you may see the cap you imposed with parallel_degree_limit showing up in the note section of the explain plan: Note -----    - automatic DOP: Computed Degree of Parallelism is 16 because of degree limit This is an obvious indication that your are being capped for this statement. There is one quite interesting one that happens when you are being capped at DOP = 1. First of you get a serial plan and the note changes slightly in that it does not indicate it is being capped (we hope to update the note at some point in time to be more specific). It right now looks like this: Note -----    - automatic DOP: Computed Degree of Parallelism is 1 Dynamic Sampling With 11.2.0.2 you will start seeing another interesting change in parallel plans, and since we are talking about the note section here, I figured we throw this in for good measure. If we deem the parallel (!) statement complex enough, we will enact dynamic sampling on your query. This happens as long as you did not change the default for dynamic sampling on the system. The note looks like this: Note ----- - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=5)

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  • What should be the minimal design/scope documentation before development begins?

    - by Oliver Hyde
    I am a junior developer working on my own in the programming aspect of projects. I am given a png file with 5-6 of the pages designed, most times in specific detail. From this I'm asked to develop the back end system needed to maintain the website, usually a cataloging system with products, tags and categories and match the front end to the design. I find myself in a pickle because when I make decisions based on assumptions about the flow of the website, due to a lack of outlining details, I get corrected and am required to rewrite the code to suit what was actually desired. This process happens multiple times throughout a project, often times on the same detail, until it's finally finished, with broken windows all through it. I understand that projects have scope creep, and can appreciate that I need to plan for this, but I feel that in this situation, I'm not receiving enough outlining details to effectively plan for the project, resulting in broken code and a stressed mind. What should be the minimal design/scope documentation I receive before I begin development?

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  • How can I switch memory modules to 1600 Mhz?

    - by Salvador
    Some months ago I bought 4 Memory modules of 4GB DDR3 1600 KINGSTON HYPERX. The official Kingston manual says: *This module has been tested to run at DDR3-1600 at a low latency timing of 9-9-9-27 at 1.65V.The SPD is programmed to JEDEC standard latency DDR3-1333 timing of 9-9-9. I cannot find which is the real speed of my memory modules. I normally get from several tools that the real speed is 1333 Mhz srs@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.9 SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x005D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: 0x005F Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x005C, DMI type 17, 28 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x005D Error Information Handle: 0x0060 Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK 0 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) Manufacturer: Kingston Serial Number: 07288F23 Asset Tag: 9876543210 Part Number: 9905403-439.A00LF How can I switch memory modules to 1600 Mhz?

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  • Anti-aliasing changed after update (or something...)

    - by Mussnoon
    The anti-aliasing of my system (of GTK?) has gone weird after I did one of two things - do a system update, and install gimp 2.7 beta. See images: Before: After: Before: After: Here's the current rendering comparison between Chromium, Firefox and Opera (in that order): Does anyone know how I can get the old anti-aliasing back? As far as I can tell, I never did anything special to achieve that before. It has always been on the default settings since I installed Lucid few months ago. Update: I have tried different settings (even though I knew they were already at the "best" settings) in appearance fonts ( details) but, as expected, any change there only makes things worse.

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  • The How-To Geek Guide to Audio Editing: Basic Noise Removal

    - by YatriTrivedi
    Laying down some vocals?  Starting your own podcast?  Here’s how to remove noise from a messy audio track in Audacity quickly and easily. This is the second part in our series covering how to edit audio and create music using your PC. Be sure to check out the first part in the series, where we covered the basics of using Audacity, and then check out how to add MP3 format support as well Latest Features How-To Geek ETC HTG Projects: How to Create Your Own Custom Papercraft Toy How to Combine Rescue Disks to Create the Ultimate Windows Repair Disk What is Camera Raw, and Why Would a Professional Prefer it to JPG? The How-To Geek Guide to Audio Editing: The Basics How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 Take Better Panoramic Photos with Any Camera Make Creating App Tabs Easier in Firefox Peach and Zelda Discuss the Benefits and Perks of Being Kidnapped [Video] The Life of Gadgets in Price and Popularity [Infographic] Apture Highlights Turns Your Cursor into a Search Tool Add Classic Sci-Fi Goodness to Your Desktop with the Matrix Theme for Windows 7

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  • Simple Mouse Move Event in F# with Winforms

    - by MarkPearl
    This evening I had the pleasure of reading one of ThomasP’s blog posts on first class events. It was an excellent read, and I thought I would make a brief derivative of his post to explore some of the basics. In Thomas’s post he has a form with an ellipse on it that when he clicks on the ellipse it pops up a message box with the button clicked… awesome. Something that got me on the post though was the code similar to the one below… // React to Mouse Move events on the form let evtMessages = frm.MouseMove |> Event.map (fun mi -> mi.Location.ToString()) |> Event.map (sprintf "Hey, you clicked on the ellipse.\nUsing: %s") |> Event.add (MessageBox.Show >> ignore) The MessageBox is a function with a string passed into it. What if I wanted to rather change a mutable value holder instead, how would the syntax go for that? Immediately the thought came to me of anonymous functions. I’ve used them before to do something like this… let HelloPerson personName = "Hello " + personName |> fun(x) -> Console.WriteLine(x) So using the same approach I adapted the event code to instead of showing a Message Box with a string passed in to it, to rather change the forms header. |> Event.map (sprintf "Your mouse position is %s") |> Event.add(fun(x) -> frm.Text <- x) Okay… it looks a bit weird with the –> x <- syntax, but makes sense and works… The next thing I wanted to do was change Thomas’s code sample from having an ellipse, and reacting to the position of the mouse and click, to rather trigger the event whenever the mouse moved. This simple involved removing some filtering code. Finally I wanted the code to work as a FSharp Project without having to run through the F# interactive. To achieve this I just needed to find out how to trigger the window event loop. This can be achieved with the code below… // Program eventloop while frm.Created do Application.DoEvents()   So lets look at the complete code sample… #light open System open System.Drawing open System.Windows.Forms // Create the main form let frm = new Form(ClientSize=Size(600,400)) // React to Mouse Move events on the form let evtMessages = frm.MouseMove |> Event.map (fun mi -> mi.Location.ToString()) |> Event.map (sprintf "Your mouse position is %s") |> Event.add(fun(x) -> frm.Text <- x) // Show the form frm.Show() // Program eventloop while frm.Created do Application.DoEvents()

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  • Boot Problem in Asus EEE PC 1015CX

    - by Sâmrat VikrãmAdityá
    I am a newbie to Linux world, although I have previously worked on Ubuntu 11.04 for daily use (Net Access and simple recordings using Audacity). I am not sure, at what level I stand as a newbie. I bought this Asus Eee PC two days back. The model is Asus 1015CX. See the specs here http://www.flipkart.com/asus-1015cx-blk011w-laptop-2nd-gen-atom-dual-core-1gb-320gb-linux/p/itmd8qu4quzu8srr . I created a live USB to install 12.10. The usb booted fine. When I clicked "Try Ubuntu" option, it showed me a black screen with a cursor blinking. I waited for 15 minutes and had to restart using the power button. On clicking the "Install Ubuntu" button, the install process went seamlessly. [I have a Windows7 installed on one of the partitions]. i installed it alongside previous windows installation. The system was then rebooted for the first time. It showed the GRUB menu and I selected the first option Ubuntu. After showing the splash screen for a second, it began showing various messages on a black screen and then it struck on "Stopping Save kernel state message". I had to force shut the system using power button. Sometimes it just gives a blank screen with a cursor blinking and on pressing power button, some messages stating that acpid is doing something and stopping services pops up and the system shuts down. I tried booting with "nomodeset" and other parameters as directed in solution to previous such problems on forums. Also Ctrl+Alt+F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6..F12 is not doing anything for me anywhere. At installation, I checked Login automatically option. On booting into recovery several options comes up. Clicking resume just gives me a blank screen with cursor blinking. on dropping to root shell and remounting filesystem as RW, I am able to supply some command that worked for others. startx -- Several messages comes up with last one stating Fatal error: No screen found sudo service lightdm start -- Gives a blank screen with a cursor blinking lspci | grep VGA -- Shows some Intel Integrated Graphic... something I don't remember I had reconfigured xserver-xorg, lightdm, reinstalled ubuntu-desktop, unity. What should I do..?? Will going back to 11.04 work..?? Or I should leave all hopes of running Ubuntu on my netbook. Please help.

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  • Window decoration of emacs23 window on fluxbox is outside screen

    - by mit
    I am starting emacs remotely over an ssh connection. But on the emacs window I cannot find a way to resize or move it. There is no fluxbox title bar visible, and I guess the title bar is above the visible viewport, because emacs starts vertically with more height than the screen has. The lower border of the emacs window is also below the viewport border, so I cannot resize the window. I am starting emacs like this: emacs23 This is the emacs version: This is GNU Emacs 23.1.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 2.20.0) of 2010-03-29 on yellow, modified by Debian The remote system that runs emacs is 10.04 Lucid Lynx amd64. The local system is running 9.10 Karmic Koala 32 bit and Fluxbox 1.1.1-2

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  • Books or help on OO Analysis

    - by Pat
    I have this course where we learn about the domain model, use cases, contracts and eventually leap into class diagrams and sequence diagrams to define good software classes. I just had an exam and I got trashed, but part of the reason is we barely have any practical material, I spent at least two good months without drawing a single class diagram by myself from a case study. I'm not here to blame the system or the class I'm in, I'm just wondering if people have some exercise-style books that either provide domain models with glossaries, system sequence diagrams and ask you to use GRASP to make software classes? I could really use some alone-time practicing going from analysis to conception of software entities. I'm almost done with Larman's book called "Applying UML and Patterns An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development, Third Edition". It's a good book, but I'm not doing anything by myself since it doesn't come with exercises. Thanks.

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