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• Django: Storing ordered, arbitrary references

  - by Sarah

  I'm new to Django, and I'm not sure what I want is possible: I have a number of items that I want each AppUser (extended User model) to be able to reference. That is, given an AppUser, I want to be able to extract its list of items in the way that AppUser has chosen to order them. In general, these items would actually be references to something else in the database, and this led me to one possible solution: Store the keys for the given objects in a CommaSeparatedIntegerField in AppUser. This way, a user could have stored {7, 3, 232, 42, 1} in their items field and both the references and their preferred order would be stored. However, this feels hacky. Since most db backends store CommaSeparatedIntegerField as a VARCHAR internally, the user is not only limited by a number of objects, but also the number of digits in their chosen items. Eg. "you may store 10 items if you choose items with itemID < 10, but only 5 items if 10 < itemID < 100". Is there a better way to do this?

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• How to add a hierarchical tag in an XML file though XSL?

  - by Hetal

  Hello, I am facing a problem in XML transformation. Sorry if the question is asked before. The XML tag hierarchy is as follows: //This tag contains the header data (Example:Pick Slip Number) Then the Detail lines are printed. The detail lines are printed. This detail line belongs to the previous Pick Slip Number. The detail lines are printed. This detail line belongs to the previous Pick Slip Number. My requirement is to: //This tag contains the header data (Example:Pick Slip Number) Then the Detail lines are printed. The detail lines are printed. This detail line belongs to the previous Pick Slip Number. The detail lines are printed. This detail line belongs to the previous Pick Slip Number. My requirement is to print the Pick Slip Number at every page on the header. Since there is no parent tag for and , I face the problem while printing. I am trying to serach something in XML transformation. But I dont know how to transform the XML tag hierarchy. I have attached the XML file for the reference. Thanks..

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• Handling primary key duplicates in a data warehouse load

  - by Meff

  I'm currently building an ETL system to load a data warehouse from a transactional system. The grain of my fact table is the transaction level. In order to ensure I don't load duplicate rows I've put a primary key on the fact table, which is the transaction ID. I've encountered a problem with transactions being reversed - In the transactional database this is done via a status, which I pick up and I can work out if the transaction is being done, or rolled back so I can load a reversal row in the warehouse. However, the reversal row will have the same transaction ID and so I get a primary key violation. I've solved this for now by negating the primary key, so transaction ID 1 would be a payment, and transaction ID -1 (In the warehouse only) would be the reversal. I have considered an alternative of generating a BIT column, where 0 is normal and 1 is reversal, then making the PK the transaction ID and the BIT column. My question is, is this a good practice, and has anyone else encountered anything like this? For reference, this is a payment processing system, so values will not be modified, so there will only ever be transactions and reversals.

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• Static selection and Ruby on Rails objects

  - by Dave

  Hi all- I have a simple problem, but am having trouble wrapping my head around it. I have an video object that should have one or more "genres". This list of genres should be prepopulated and then the user should just select one or more using autocomplete or some such. Here is the question: Is it worth creating a table with genres for the static selection? Or should it just be included in the presentation layer? If there is a static table, how do we name it correctly. I envision something like this class Video < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :genres ... end class Genre < ... belongs_to :video ... end But then we get a table called genre, that basically maps all the selected genres to their parent videos. There would need to be some static table to reference the static genres. Is this the best way to do it? Sorry if this was rambl-y a little stream of conciousness. Thanks!

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• Show dialog while loading new screen

  - by darkdusky

  I have a front screen with a button which opens a second screen. The second screen can take a few seconds to load so I want to display a dialog while loading. My problem is the dialog does not display while loading second screen, but it displays when I return to first page from the second page. If I comment out the "startActivity" to open second page the dialog shows fine. I'm fairly new to android programming - I guess it has something to do with threads. //code snippet from inside onCreate: NewGame.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View arg0) { //does not get displayed before 2nd page opens showDialog(DIALOG2_KEY); //shows fine if next 2 lines commented out Intent i = new Intent(screen1.this, SudukuXL.class); startActivity(i); I've dealt with the dialog showing on returning to the front screen using onPause(). I've tried using threads to seperate the dialog from the startActivity but I've had no luck. Any help would be appreciated. I used code from Android examples to create dialog. I include below for reference: protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) { switch (id) { case DIALOG2_KEY: { ProgressDialog dialog = new ProgressDialog(this); dialog.setMessage("Loading..."); dialog.setIndeterminate(true); dialog.setCancelable(true); return dialog; } } return null; }

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• What am I doing wrong with SVN merging?

  - by randomusername

  When SVN with merge tracking works, it's really nice, I love it. But it keeps getting twisted up. We are using TortoiseSVN. We continuously get the following message: Error: Reintegrate can only be used if revisions 1234 through 2345 were previously merged from /Trunk to the reintegrate source, but this is not the case For reference, this is the method we are using: Create a Branch Develop in the branch Occasionally Merge a range of revisions from the Trunk to the Branch When branch is stable, Reintegrate a branch from the branch to the trunk Delete the branch I Merge a range of revisions from the trunk to the branch (leaving the range blank, so it should be all revisions) just prior to the reintegrate operation, so the branch should be properly synced with the trunk. Right now, the Trunk has multiple SVN merge tracking properties associated with it. Should it? Or should a Reintegrate not add any merge tracking info? Is there something wrong with our process? This is making SVN unusable - 1 out of every 3 reintegrates forces me to dive in and hack at the merge tracking info.

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• Detecting what the target object is when NullReferenceException is thrown.

  - by StingyJack

  I'm sure we all have received the wonderfully vague "Object reference not set to instance of an Object" exception at some time or another. Identifying the object that is the problem is often a tedious task of setting breakpoints and inspecting all members in each statement. Does anyone have any tricks to easily and efficiently identify the object that causes the exception, either via programmatical means or otherwise? --edit It seems I was vague like the exception =). The point is to _not have to debug the app to find the errant object. The compiler/runtime does know that the object has been allocated, and that the object has not yet been instantiated. Is there a way to extract / identify those details in a caught exception @ W. Craig Trader Your explanation that it is a result of a design problem is probably the best answer I could get. I am fairly compulsive with defensive coding and have managed to get rid of most of these errors after fixing my habits over time. The remaining ones just tweak me to no end, and lead me to posting this question to the community. Thanks for everyone's suggestions.

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• Finding out inside which iframe a script is executing

  - by juandopazo

  I have a page with several iframes. One of this iframes has a page from a different domain. Inside this iframe there's another iframe with a page from the parent domain. my page from mydomain.com -> an iframe -> iframe "#foo" from another-domain.com> -> iframe "#bar" from mydomain.com -> another iframe I need to get a reference to the "#foo" node inside the main page. The security model should allow me to do that because "#bar" has the same domain as the main page. So what I'm doing is iterating through the window.top array and comparing each element to the window object which is currently the "#bar" window object. My test code looks like: for (var i = 0; i < top.length; i++) { for (var j = 0; j < top[i].length; j++) { if (top[i][j] == window) { alert("The iframe number " + i + " contains me"); } } } This works fine in all browsers, but Internet Explorer 6 throws a security error when accesing top[i][j]. Any ideas on how to solve this on IE6? Thanks!

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• C++ universal data type

  - by Gokul

  I have a universal data type, which is passed by value, but does not maintain the type information. We store only pointers and basic data types(like int, float etc) inside this. Now for the first time, we need to store std::string inside this. So we decided to convert it into std::string* and store it. Then comes the problem of destruction. We don't like to copy the std::string every time. So i am thinking of an approach like this. Say the data type looks like this class Atom { public : enum flags { IS_STRING, IS_EMPTY, HAS_GOT_COPIED, MARKER }; private: void* m_value; std::bitset<MARKER> m_flags; public: ..... Atom( Atom& atm ) { atm.m_flags.set( HAS_GOT_COPIED ); ..... } ..... ~Atom() { if( m_flags.test(IS_STRING) && !m_flags.test(HAS_GOT_COPIED) ) { std::string* val = static_cast<std::string*>(m_value); delete val; } } }; Is this a good approach to find out whether there is no more reference to std::string*? Any comments.. Thanks, Gokul.

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• Database PK-FK design for future-effective-date entries?

  - by Scott Balmos

  Ultimately I'm going to convert this into a Hibernate/JPA design. But I wanted to start out from purely a database perspective. We have various tables containing data that is future-effective-dated. Take an employee table with the following pseudo-definition: employee id INT AUTO_INCREMENT ... data fields ... effectiveFrom DATE effectiveTo DATE employee_reviews id INT AUTO_INCREMENT employee_id INT FK employee.id Very simplistic. But let's say Employee A has id = 1, effectiveFrom = 1/1/2011, effectiveTo = 1/1/2099. That employee is going to be changing jobs in the future, which would in theory create a new row, id = 2 with effectiveFrom = 7/1/2011, effectiveTo = 1/1/2099, and id = 1's effectiveTo updated to 6/30/2011. But now, my program would have to go through any table that has a FK relationship to employee every night, and update those FK to reference the newly-effective employee entry. I have seen various postings in both pure SQL and Hibernate forums that I should have a separate employee_versions table, which is where I would have all effective-dated data stored, resulting in the updated pseudo-definition below: employee id INT AUTO_INCREMENT employee_versions id INT AUTO_INCREMENT employee_id INT FK employee.id ... data fields ... effectiveFrom DATE effectiveTo DATE employee_reviews id INT AUTO_INCREMENT employee_id INT FK employee.id Then to get any actual data, one would have to actually select from employee_versions with the proper employee_id and date range. This feels rather unnatural to have this secondary "versions" table for each versioned entity. Anyone have any opinions, suggestions from your own prior work, etc? Like I said, I'm taking this purely from a general SQL design standpoint first before layering in Hibernate on top. Thanks!

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• How do I repeat function over several row.

  - by ChrisBD

  I'll admit that I'm not an Excel guru so maybe someone here can help me. On my worksheet I have several blocks of data. I calculate the sum of all items within column D of that block. Within each block I am checking the value of the cell in column C and if it contains the letter "y" and the value in column D of that row is equal to zero I must exclude the total sum of column D. Currently I am doing this by multiplying the sum value by either 1 or 0 which is produced by running a test over the cell contents. Below is an example of what I am using to test rows 23 to row 25 inclusively for data in Column D. I am also performing the same on Column E and G, but the "y" character is always in column C, hence the absolut column reference. =IF(AND($C23="y",D23=0),0,1)*IF(AND($C24="y",D24=0),0,1)*IF(AND($C25="y",D25=0),0,1) There must be a more efficient way to do this. Ideally I would like to write a function that I can paste into a cell and then select the rows or cells over which I run the test. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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• How to get the parameter names of an object's constructors (reflection)?

  - by Tom

  Say I somehow got an object reference from an other class: Object myObj = anObject; Now I can get the class of this object: Class objClass = myObj.getClass(); Now, I can get all constructors of this class: Constructor[] constructors = objClass.getConstructors(); Now, I can loop every constructor: if (constructors.length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < constructors.length; i++) { System.out.println(constructors[i]); } } This is already giving me a good summary of the constructor, for example a constructor public Test(String paramName) is shown as public Test(java.lang.String) Instead of giving me the class type however, I want to get the name of the parameter.. in this case "paramName". How would I do that? I tried the following without success: if (constructors.length > 0) { for (int iCon = 0; iCon < constructors.length; iCon++) { Class[] params = constructors[iCon].getParameterTypes(); if (params.length > 0) { for (int iPar = 0; iPar < params.length; iPar++) { Field fields[] = params[iPar].getDeclaredFields(); for (int iFields = 0; iFields < fields.length; iFields++) { String fieldName = fields[i].getName(); System.out.println(fieldName); } } } } } Unfortunately, this is not giving me the expected result. Could anyone tell me how I should do this or what I am doing wrong? Thanks!

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• Help with simple javascript loop

  - by Gabriel

  Hello, I have a simple javascript that I'd like to loop for multiple elements. Here's my code: <script type='text/javascript'> for(i = 1; i < 100; i++) { $('#link'+i).click(function() { $('#container').removeClass(); $('#container').addClass('templateid'+i); }); } </script> What I'd like to achieve is the same addClass function for multiple id's (e.g. link2, link3, link4), with the corresponding class (e.g. template2, template3, template4). Any help would be hugely appreciated! For reference, an individual call like this one, does work, so I don't see why the loop above doesn't function the same: <script type='text/javascript'> $('#link2').click(function() { $('#container').removeClass(); $('#container').addClass('templateid2'); }); </script>

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• Can a member struct be zero-init from the constructor initializer list without calling memset?

  - by selbie

  Let's say I have the following structure declaration (simple struct with no constructor). struct Foo { int x; int y; int z; char szData[DATA_SIZE]; }; Now let's say this struct is a member of a C++ class as follows: class CFoobar { Foo _foo; public: CFoobar(); }; If I declare CFoobar's constructor as follows: CFoobar::CFoobar() { printf("_foo = {%d, %d, %d}\n", _foo.x, _foo.y,_foo.z); for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++) printf("%d\n", _foo.szData[x]); } As you would expect, when CFoobar's constructor runs, garbage data gets printed out Obviously, the easy fix is to memset or ZeroMemory &_foo. It's what I've always done... However, I did notice that if add _foo to the constructor's initialization list with no parameters as follows: CFoobar::CFoobar() : _foo() { That this appears to zero-out the member variables of _foo. At least that was the case with g++ on linux. Now here's my question: Is this standard C++, or is this compiler specific behavior? If it's standard behavior, can someone quote me a reference from an official source? Any "gotchas" in regards to implicit zero-init behavior with more complicated structs and classes?

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• Vectors or Java arrays for Tetris?

  - by StackedCrooked

  I'm trying to create a Tetris-like game with Clojure and I'm having some trouble deciding the data structure for the playing field. I want to define the playing field as a mutable grid. The individual blocks are also grids, but don't need to be mutable. My first attempt was to define a grid as a vector of vectors. For example an S-block looks like this: :s-block { :grids [ [ [ 0 1 1 ] [ 1 1 0 ] ] [ [ 1 0 ] [ 1 1 ] [ 0 1 ] ] ] } But that turns out to be rather tricky for simple things like iterating and painting (see the code below). For making the grid mutable my initial idea was to make each row a reference. But then I couldn't really figure out how to change the value of a specific cell in a row. One option would have been to create each individual cell a ref instead of each row. But that feels like an unclean approach. I'm considering using Java arrays now. Clojure's aget and aset functions will probably turn out to be much simpler. However before digging myself in a deeper mess I want to ask ideas/insights. How would you recommend implementing a mutable 2d grid? Feel free to share alternative approaches as well. Source code current state: Tetris.clj (rev452)

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• Is it possible to aggregate over differing where clauses?

  - by BenAlabaster

  Is it possible to calculate multiple aggregates based on differing where clauses? For instance: Let's say I have two tables, one for Invoice and one for InvoiceLineItems. The invoice table has a total field for the invoice total, and each of the invoice line item records in the InvoiceLineItems table contains a field that denotes whether the line item is discountable or not. I want three sum totals, one where Discountable = 0 and one where Discountable = 1 and one where Discountable is irrelevant. Such that my output would be: InvoiceNumber Total DiscountableTotal NonDiscountableTotal ------------- ----- ----------------- -------------------- 1 53.27 27.27 16.00 2 38.94 4.76 34.18 3... The only way I've found so far is by using something like: Select i.InvoiceNumber, i.Total, t0.Total As DiscountableTotal, t1.Total As NonDiscountableTotal From Invoices i Left Join ( Select InvoiceNumber, Sum(Amount), From InvoiceLineItems Where Discountable = 0 Group By InvoiceNumber ) As t0 On i.InvoiceNumber = t0.InvoiceNumber Left Join ( Select InvoiceNumber, Sum(Amount) From InvoiceLineItems Where Discountable = 1 Group By InvoiceNumber ) As t1 On i.InvoiceNumber = t1.InvoiceNumber This seems somewhat cumbersome, it would be nice if I could do something like: Select InvoiceNumber, Sum(Amount) Where Discountable = 1 As Discountable Sum(Amount) Where Discountable = 0 As NonDiscountable Group By InvoiceNumber I realize that SQL is completely invalid, but it logically portrays what I'm trying to do... TIA P.S. I need this to run on a SQL Server 2000 instance, but I am also interested (for future reference) if/how I would achieve this on SQL Server 2005/2008.

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• creating a vector with references to some of the elements of another vector

  - by memC

  hi, I have stored instances of class A in a std:vector, vec_A as vec_A.push_back(A(i)). The code is shown below. Now, I want to store references some of the instances of class A (in vec_A) in another vector or another array. For example, if the A.getNumber() returns 4, 7, 2 , I want to put a reference to that instance of A in another vector, say std:vector<A*> filtered_A or an array. Can someone sow me how to do this?? Thanks! class A { public: int getNumber(); A(int val); ~A(){}; private: int num; }; A::A(int val){ num = val; }; int A::getNumber(){ return num; }; int main(){ int i =0; int num; std::vector<A> vec_A; for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++){ vec_A.push_back(A(i)); } std::cout << "\nPress RETURN to continue..."; std::cin.get(); return 0; }

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• retrieve only sub-pages (wordpress)

  - by Radek

  I want to list all sub-pages only one level though of one particular page. I was reading Function Reference/get pages and thought that $pages = get_pages( array( 'child_of' => $post->ID, 'parent' => $post->ID)) ; will do the trick but it is not working. It lists all pages on the same level like the page I call that code from. If I omit parent option I will get all pages even with sub-pages that I want. But I want only sub-pages. The whole function is like function about_menu(){ if (is_page('about')){ $pages = get_pages( array( 'child_of' => $post->ID, 'parent' => $post->ID)) ; foreach($pages as $page) { ?> <h2><a href="<?php echo get_page_link($page->ID) ?>"><?php echo $page->post_title ?></a></h2> <?php } } } and mine is second one

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• Doctrine YAML not generating correctly? Or is this markup wrong?

  - by ropstah

  I'm trying to get a many-to-many relationship between Users and Settings. The models seem to be generated correctly, however the following query fails: "User_Setting" with an alias of "us" in your query does not reference the parent component it is related to. $q = new Doctrine_RawSql(); $q->select('{s.*}, {us.*}') ->from('User u CROSS JOIN Setting s LEFT JOIN User_Setting us ON us.usr_auto_key = u.usr_auto_key AND us.set_auto_key = s.set_auto_key') ->addComponent('s', 'Setting s INDEXBY s.set_auto_key') ->addComponent('us', 'User_Setting us') ->where(u.usr_auto_key = ?',$this->usr_auto_key); $this->settings = $q->execute(); Does anyone spot a problem? This is my YAML: User: connection: default tableName: User columns: usr_auto_key: type: integer(4) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: true autoincrement: true notnull: true email: type: string(100) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: false default: '' notnull: true autoincrement: false password: type: string(32) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: false default: '' notnull: true autoincrement: false relations: Setting: class: Setting foreignAlias: User refClass: User_Setting local: usr_auto_key foreign: set_auto_key Setting: connection: default tableName: Setting columns: set_auto_key: type: integer(4) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: true autoincrement: true notnull: true name: type: string(50) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: false notnull: true autoincrement: false User_Setting: connection: default tableName: User_Setting columns: usr_auto_key: type: integer(4) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: true autoincrement: false notnull: true set_auto_key: type: integer(4) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: true autoincrement: false notnull: true value: type: string(255) fixed: false unsigned: false primary: false notnull: true autoincrement: false relations: Setting: foreignAlias: User_Setting local: set_auto_key foreign: set_auto_key User: foreignAlias: User_Setting local: usr_auto_key foreign: usr_auto_key

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• .NET memory leak?

  - by SA

  I have an MDI which has a child form. The child form has a DataGridView in it. I load huge amount of data in the datagrid view. When I close the child form the disposing method is called in which I dispose the datagridview this.dataGrid.Dispose(); this.dataGrid = null; When I close the form the memory doesn't go down. I use the .NET memory profiler to track the memory usage. I see that the memory usage goes high when I initially load the data grid (as expected) and then becomes constant when the loading is complete. When I close the form it still remains constant. However when I take a snapshot of the memory using the memory profiler, it goes down to what it was before loading the file. Taking memory snapshot causes it to forcefully run garbage collector. What is going on? Is there a memory leak? Or do I need to run the garbage collector forcefully? More information: When I am closing the form I no longer need the information. That is why I am not holding a reference to the data.

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• AS3 colorTransform over multiple frames?

  - by user359519

  (Flash Professional, AS3) I'm working on a custom avatar system where you can select various festures and colors. For example, I have 10 hairstyles, and a colorPicker to change the color. mc_myAvatar has 10 frames. Each frame has a movieclip of a different hairstyle (HairStyle1, HairStyle2, etc.) Here's my code: var hairColor:ColorTransform; hairColor = mc_myAvatar.hair.colorLayer.transform.colorTransform; hairColor.color = 0xCCCC00; mc_myAvatar.hair.colorLayer.transform.colorTransform = hairColor; This correctly changes the initial color. I have a "nextHair" button to advance mc_myAvatar.hair to the next frame. When I click the button, I get an error message saying that I have a null object reference. I added a trace, and mc_myAvatar.hair.colorLayer is null on frame 2. Why??? I've clearly named HairStyle2 as "colorLayer" in frame 2. I think the problem is related to me using the same name for different classes/movieclips, but I don't know how to fix the problem... I added a square movieclip below my hairStyle movieclips, named the square "colorLevel", and deleted the name from my hairStyle clips. When I click the next button, the square correctly maintains the color from frame to frame. However, having a square doesn't do me much good. :( I tried converting the hairStyle layer to a mask. Doing this, however, results in yet another "null object" error - mc_myAvatar.hair.colorLayer is null after frame 1. I even tried "spanning" my colorLevel across all frames (no keyframes), thinking that this would give me just one movieclip to work with. No luck. Same error! What's going on, here? Why am I getting these null objects, when they are clearly defined in my movieclip? I'm also open to suggestions on a better way to do multiple frames and colors.

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• .NET List Thread-Safe Implementation Suggestion needed

  - by Bamboo

  .Net List class isn't thread safe. I hope to achieve the minimal lock needed and yet still fulfilling the requirement such that as for reading, phantom record is allowed, and for writing, they must be thread-safe so there won't be any lost updates. So I have something like public static List<string> list = new List<string>(); In Methods that have **List.Add**/**List.Remove** , I always lock to assure thread safety lock (lockHelper) { list.Add(obj); or list.Remove(obj); } In Methods that requires **List Reading** I don't care about phantom record so I go ahead to read without any locking. In this case. Return a bool by checking whether a string had been added. if (list.Count() != 0) { return list.Contains("some string") } All I did was locking write accesses, and allow read accesses to go through without any locking. Is my thread safety idea valid? I understand there is List size expansion. Will it be ok? My guess is that when a List is expanding, it may uses a temp. list. This is ok becasue the temp list size will always have a boundary, and .Net class is well implemented, ie. there shouldn't be any indexOutOfBound or circular reference problems when reading was caught in updates.

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• Need help optimizing this Django aggregate query

  - by Chris Lawlor

  I have the following model class Plugin(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) # more fields which represents a plugin that can be downloaded from my site. To track downloads, I have class Download(models.Model): plugin = models.ForiegnKey(Plugin) timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) So to build a view showing plugins sorted by downloads, I have the following query: # pbd is plugins by download - commented here to prevent scrolling pbd = Plugin.objects.annotate(dl_total=Count('download')).order_by('-dl_total') Which works, but is very slow. With only 1,000 plugins, the avg. response is 3.6 - 3.9 seconds (devserver with local PostgreSQL db), where a similar view with a much simpler query (sorting by plugin release date) takes 160 ms or so. I'm looking for suggestions on how to optimize this query. I'd really prefer that the query return Plugin objects (as opposed to using values) since I'm sharing the same template for the other views (Plugins by rating, Plugins by release date, etc.), so the template is expecting Plugin objects - plus I'm not sure how I would get things like the absolute_url without a reference to the plugin object. Or, is my whole approach doomed to failure? Is there a better way to track downloads? I ultimately want to provide users some nice download statistics for the plugins they've uploaded - like downloads per day/week/month. Will I have to calculate and cache Downloads at some point? EDIT: In my test dataset, there are somewhere between 10-20 Download instances per Plugin - in production I expect this number would be much higher for many of the plugins.

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• Javascript object properties access functions in parent constructor?

  - by Bob Spryn

  So I'm using this pretty standard jquery plugin pattern whereby you can grab an api after applying the jquery function to a specific instance. This API is essentially a javascript object with a bunch of methods and data. So I wanted to essentially create some private internal methods for the object only to manipulate data etc, which just doesn't need to be available as part of the API. So I tried this: // API returned with new $.TranslationUI(options, container) $.TranslationUI = function (options, container) { // private function? function monkey(){ console.log("blah blah blah"); } // extend the default settings with the options object passed this.settings = $.extend({},$.TranslationUI.defaultSettings,options); // set a reference for the container dom element this.container = container; // call the init function this.init(); }; The problem I'm running into is that init can't call that function "monkey". I'm not understanding the explanation behind why it can't. Is it because init is a prototype method?($.TranslationUI's prototype is extended with a bunch of methods including init elsewhere in the code) $.extend($.TranslationUI, { prototype: { init : function(){ // doesn't work monkey(); // editing flag this.editing = false; // init event delegates here for // languagepicker $(this.settings.languageSelector, this.container).bind("click", {self: this}, this.selectLanguage); } } }); Any explanations would be helpful. Would love other thoughts on creating private methods with this model too. These particular functions don't HAVE to be in prototype, and I don't NEED private methods protected from being used externally, but I want to know how should I have that requirement in the future.

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• Is False == 0 and True == 1 in Python an implementation detail or guaranteed by the language?

  - by EOL

  Is it guaranteed that False == 0 and True == 1, in Python? For instance, is it in any way guaranteed that the following code will always produce the same results, whatever the version of Python (existing and in the foreseeable future)? 0 == False # True 1 == True # True ['zero', 'one'][False] # is 'zero' Any reference to the official documentation would be much appreciated! Other comments would be appreciated too… :) Edit: As noted in many answers, bool inherits from int. The question can therefore be recast as: "Is this an implementation detail that might change in the future, or does the documentation officially say that programmers can rely on booleans inheriting from integers?". This question is relevant for writing robust code that won't fail because of implementation details! Edit 2: The original question is still open, I believe (even though I accepted what I thought was the closest answer): even though Python 3 officially recognizes booleans as integers, I have not yet seen any official integer values for False and True… It therefore looks to me like it is best to stay clear from the assumption that False==0 and True==1.

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