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  • Why is a fixed size buffers (arrays) must be unsafe?

    - by brickner
    Let's say I want to have a value type of 7 bytes (or 3 or 777). I can define it like that: public struct Buffer71 { public byte b0; public byte b1; public byte b2; public byte b3; public byte b4; public byte b5; public byte b6; } A simpler way to define it is using a fixed buffer public struct Buffer72 { public unsafe fixed byte bs[7]; } Of course the second definition is simpler. The problem lies with the unsafe keyword that must be provided for fixed buffers. I understand that this is implemented using pointers and hence unsafe. My question is why does it have to be unsafe? Why can't C# provide arbitrary constant length arrays and keep them as a value type instead of making it a C# reference type array or unsafe buffers?

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  • ctypes buffer modification

    - by Chris
    Hi, I need to call a c library from my python code. The c library does a lot of image manipulation, so I am passing it image buffers allocated using create_string_buffer. The problem is that I also need to manipulate and change these buffers. What is the best way to reach in and twiddle individual values in my buffers? The buffers are all uint8 buffers. Thanks!

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  • Is there any way to automatically close filename completetion buffers in Emacs?

    - by Rayne
    For example, when you open a file via C-x-C-f, you can TAB complete file names, and if there are more than one possible completions, it will pop open a completion buffer with a list of possible completions. The problem is, after you've opened the file, the window the buffer was in switches back to normal, but it doesn't close. Is there any way I can make those buffers close automatically after the file has been opened?

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  • Know more about shared pool subpool

    - by Liu Maclean(???)
    ????T.askmaclean.com???Shared Pool?SubPool?????,????????_kghdsidx_count ? subpool ??subpool????( ???duration)???: SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER ---------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production SQL> set linesize 200 pagesize 1400 SQL> show parameter kgh NAME                                 TYPE                             VALUE ------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ _kghdsidx_count                      integer                          7 SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug dump heapdump 536870914; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_11783.trc [oracle@vrh8 dbs]$ grep "sga heap"  /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_11783.trc HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap"  desc=0x60000058 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)"  desc=0x60036110 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(1,0)"   desc=0x60036110 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)"  desc=0x6003f938 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(2,0)"   desc=0x6003f938 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(3,0)"  desc=0x60049160 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(3,0)"   desc=0x60049160 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(4,0)"  desc=0x60052988 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(4,0)"   desc=0x60052988 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(5,0)"  desc=0x6005c1b0 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(5,0)"   desc=0x6005c1b0 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(6,0)"  desc=0x600659d8 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(6,0)"   desc=0x600659d8 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(7,0)"  desc=0x6006f200 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(7,0)"   desc=0x6006f200 SQL> alter system set "_kghdsidx_count"=6 scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area  859832320 bytes Fixed Size                  2100104 bytes Variable Size             746587256 bytes Database Buffers          104857600 bytes Redo Buffers                6287360 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug dump heapdump 536870914; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_11908.trc [oracle@vrh8 dbs]$ grep "sga heap"  /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_11908.trc HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap"  desc=0x60000058 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)"  desc=0x600360f0 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(1,0)"   desc=0x600360f0 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)"  desc=0x6003f918 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(2,0)"   desc=0x6003f918 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(3,0)"  desc=0x60049140 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(3,0)"   desc=0x60049140 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(4,0)"  desc=0x60052968 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(4,0)"   desc=0x60052968 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(5,0)"  desc=0x6005c190 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(5,0)"   desc=0x6005c190 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(6,0)"  desc=0x600659b8 FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="sga heap(6,0)"   desc=0x600659b8 SQL> SQL> alter system set "_kghdsidx_count"=2 scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area  851443712 bytes Fixed Size                  2100040 bytes Variable Size             738198712 bytes Database Buffers          104857600 bytes Redo Buffers                6287360 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug dump heapdump 2; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12003.trc [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ grep "sga heap"  /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12003.trc HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap"  desc=0x60000058 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)"  desc=0x600360b0 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)"  desc=0x6003f8d SQL> alter system set cpu_count=16 scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area  851443712 bytes Fixed Size                  2100040 bytes Variable Size             738198712 bytes Database Buffers          104857600 bytes Redo Buffers                6287360 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL>  oradebug dump heapdump 2; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12065.trc [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ grep "sga heap"  /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12065.trc HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap"  desc=0x60000058 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)"  desc=0x600360b0 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)"  desc=0x6003f8d8 SQL> show parameter sga_target NAME                                 TYPE                             VALUE ------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ sga_target                           big integer                      0 SQL> alter system set sga_target=1000M scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1048576000 bytes Fixed Size                  2101544 bytes Variable Size             738201304 bytes Database Buffers          301989888 bytes Redo Buffers                6283264 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> alter system set sga_target=1000M scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1048576000 bytes Fixed Size                  2101544 bytes Variable Size             738201304 bytes Database Buffers          301989888 bytes Redo Buffers                6283264 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> SQL> SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug dump heapdump 2; Statement processed. SQL>  oradebug tracefile_name /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12148.trc SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@vrh8 dbs]$ grep "sga heap"  /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12148.trc HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap"  desc=0x60000058 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)"  desc=0x60036690 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,1)"  desc=0x60037ee8 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,2)"  desc=0x60039740 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,3)"  desc=0x6003af98 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)"  desc=0x6003feb8 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,1)"  desc=0x60041710 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,2)"  desc=0x60042f68 _enable_shared_pool_durations:?????????10g????shared pool duration??,?????sga_target?0?????false; ???10.2.0.5??cursor_space_for_time???true??????false,???10.2.0.5??cursor_space_for_time????? SQL> alter system set "_enable_shared_pool_durations"=false scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1048576000 bytes Fixed Size                  2101544 bytes Variable Size             738201304 bytes Database Buffers          301989888 bytes Redo Buffers                6283264 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug dump heapdump 2; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12233.trc SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options\ [oracle@vrh8 dbs]$ grep "sga heap"   /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_12233.trc HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap"  desc=0x60000058 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)"  desc=0x60036690 HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)"  desc=0x6003feb8 ??:1._kghdsidx_count ??? shared pool subpool???, _kghdsidx_count???????7 ??? 7? shared pool subpool 2.??????? subpool???4? sub partition ?: sga heap(1,0) sga heap(1,1) sga heap(1,2) sga heap(1,3) ????? cpu??? ?????_kghdsidx_count, ???? ?10g ?AUTO SGA ??? shared pool duration???, duration ??4?: Session duration Instance duration (never freed) Execution duration (freed fastest) Free memory ??? shared pool duration???? ?10gR1?Shared Pool?shrink??????????,?????????????Buffer Cache???????????granule,????Buffer Cache?granule????granule header?Metadata(???buffer header??RAC??Lock Elements)????,?????????????????????shared pool????????duration(?????)?chunk??????granule?,????????????granule??10gR2????Buffer Cache Granule????????granule header?buffer?Metadata(buffer header?LE)????,??shared pool???duration?chunk????????granule,??????buffer cache?shared pool??????????????10gr2?streams pool?????????(???????streams pool duration????) reference : http://www.oracledatabase12g.com/archives/understanding-automatic-sga-memory-management.html

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  • XNA Reach profile with VMWare - Vertex Buffers not working?

    - by Nektarios
    Running XNA app, using Reach profile, in VMWare Fusion host OS Mac OSX, VM is Windows XP SP 3 (my dual-boot OS). Running on MacBook Pro w/NVidia 320M graphics card When I am booted in to XP natively, my code works. The code is drawing cubes that are set up using vertex buffers When another friend runs this same code on Windows 7, it also works for him just fine When I am running my code in the VM, it doesn't work. I have billboarding sprites running in a shader program and this part displays fine. I get no crashing or errors, the geometry just doesn't appear. I tried Debug and Release. This is very basic operation so I'm thinking VMWare isn't the problem, but it's my code.... My init code: var vertexArray = verts.ToArray(); var indexArray = indices.ToArray(); indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, typeof(Int16), indexArray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); indexBuffer.SetData(indexArray); vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionColor), vertexArray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vertexBuffer.SetData(vertexArray); My Draw code: // problem isn't here, tried no cull GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullClockwise; GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend; GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { DepthBufferEnable = true }; // Update View and Projection TileEffect.View = ((Game1)Game).Camera.View; TileEffect.Projection = ((Game1)Game).Camera.Projection; TileEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); GraphicsDevice.Indices = indexBuffer; GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, indices.Count, 0, indices.Count / 3); For LoadContent: TileEffect = new BasicEffect(GraphicsDevice) { World = Matrix.Identity, View = ((Game1)Game).Camera.View, Projection = ((Game1)Game).Camera.Projection, VertexColorEnabled = true };

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  • 2 questions. IDO mode not caching properly / forcing buffers to named windows.

    - by user112043
    1 My ido mode does not properly cache filenames / folders. It will list files inside a folder, but from a while ago without any of the newer files showing. Any suggestions ? 2 In jde, when I have multiple windows open, compiling on one window will create a corresponding "* name of the class *" that will open on the next window in order. This is fine if I only have one window open but can I get some help writing a function that I could use to : Name a window Force all buffers of JDE compile server to only ever open in that window if it exists Force all run windows from jde in the form of * name of the class * to open in the same window if it exists. Jde automatically names the buffer " * name of the class * ", I will probably dig around the codes to find an easy fix for that... so if the code could just force all windows using a regexp containing * jde run - filename * or something along the lines would also work. Thanks for your help, first post here as well. I really would like just some ideas on what may be going wrong with 1, 2 if anyone is feeling kind.

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  • Chromium/Chrome tabs crashes on Ubuntu/Edubuntu 12.04.3

    - by Joakim Waern
    For some reason the tabs of Chromium and Chrome have started to crash (He's dead Jim) when running on Ubuntu or Edubuntu 12.04.3. It seems to happen only when I log in. I tried the browsers on Ubuntu 13.10 and everything worked fine. Any suggestions? Ps. The browser doesn't crash, just the tabs, and I can open new ones (but they also crash after a while). Here's the output command free on the terminal after a tab crash: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2041116 1722740 318376 0 2868 267256 -/+ buffers/cache: 1452616 588500 Swap: 2085884 104 2085780 Compared to the output before the crash: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2041116 1967108 74008 0 14632 253036 -/+ buffers/cache: 1699440 341676 Swap: 2085884 40 2085844

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  • Free RAM disappears - Memory leak?

    - by Izzy
    On a fresh started system, free reports about 1.5G used RAM (8G RAM alltogether, Ubuntu 12.04 with lightdm and plasma desktop, one konsole window started). Having the apps running I use, it still consumes not more than 2G. However, having the system running for a couple of days, more and more of my free RAM disappears -- without showing up in the list of used apps: while smem --pie=name reports less than 20% used (and 80% being available), everything else says differently. free -m for example reports on about day 7: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7459 7013 446 0 178 997 -/+ buffers/cache: 5836 1623 Swap: 9536 296 9240 (so you can see, it's not the buffers or the cache). Today this finally ended with the system crashing completely: the windows manager being gone, apps "hanging in the air" (frameless) -- and a popup notifying me about "too many open files". Syslog reports: kernel: [856738.020829] VFS: file-max limit 752838 reached So I closed those applications I was able to close, and killed X using Ctrl-Alt-backspace. X tried to come up again after that with failsafeX, but was unable to do so as it could no longer detect its configuration. So I switched to a console using Ctrl-Alt-F2, captured all information I could think of (vmstat, free, smem, proc/meminfo, lsof, ps aux), and finally rebooted. X again came up with failsafeX; this time I told it to "recover from my backed-up configuration", then switched to a console and successfully used startx to bring up the graphical environment. I have no real clue to what is causing this issue -- though it must have to do either with X itself, or with some user processes running on X -- as after killing X, free -m output looked like this: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7459 2677 4781 0 62 419 -/+ buffers/cache: 2195 5263 Swap: 9536 59 9477 (~3.5GB being freed) -- to compare with the output after a fresh start: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7459 1483 5975 0 63 730 -/+ buffers/cache: 689 6769 Swap: 9536 0 9536 Two more helpful outputs are provided by memstat -u. Shortly before the crash: User Count Swap USS PSS RSS mail 1 0 200 207 616 whoopsie 1 764 740 817 2300 colord 1 3200 836 894 2156 root 62 70404 352996 382260 569920 izzy 80 177508 1465416 1519266 1851840 After having X killed: User Count Swap USS PSS RSS mail 1 0 184 188 356 izzy 1 1400 708 739 1080 whoopsie 1 848 668 826 1772 colord 1 3204 804 888 1728 root 62 54876 131708 149950 267860 And after a restart, back in X: User Count Swap USS PSS RSS mail 1 0 212 217 628 whoopsie 1 0 1536 1880 5096 colord 1 0 3740 4217 7936 root 54 0 148668 180911 345132 izzy 47 0 370928 437562 915056 Edit: Just added two graphs from my monitoring system. Interesting to see: everytime when there's a "jump" in memory consumption, CPU peaks as well. Just found this right now -- and it reminds me of another indicator pointing to X itself: Often when returning to my machine and unlocking the screen, I found something doing heavvy work on my CPU. Checking with top, it always turned out to be /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch -background none. So after this long explanation, finally my questions: What could be the possible causes? How can I better identify involved processes/applications? What steps could be taken to avoid this behaviour -- short from rebooting the machine all X days? I was running 8.04 (Hardy) for about 5 years on my old machine, never having experienced the like (always more than 100 days uptime, before rebooting for e.g. kernel updates). This now is a complete new machine with a fresh install of 8.04. In case it matters, some specs: AMD A4-3400 APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics, using the open-source ati/radeon driver (so no fglrx installed), 8GB RAM, WDC WD1002FAEX-0 hdd (1TB), Asus F1A75-V Evo mainboard. Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit with KDE4/Plasma. Apps usually open more or less permanently include Evolution, Firefox, konsole (with Midnight Commander running inside, about 4 tabs), and LibreOffice -- plus occasionally Calibre, Gimp and Moneyplex (banking software I'm already using for almost 20 years now, in a version which did fine on Hardy).

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  • Using multiple indexes with buffer objects in OpenTK

    - by Rushyo
    I've got multiple buffers in OpenGL holding data on position, normals and texcoords. I also have an equal number of buffers holding distinct index data for each of those buffers. I quite like this format (indvidual indexes for each buffer) utilised by COLLADA since it strikes me as optimally efficient at accessing each buffer. I've set up pointers to the relevant data arrays using VertexPointer, NormalPointer, etc however I have no way to assign pointers to the index buffers since DrawElements appear to only look at one ElementArrayBuffer. Can I utilise multiple indices some way or will I be better off using a different technique which can support this? I'd prefer to keep the distinct indices if at all possible.

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  • Copy paste buffer configuration best practices

    - by gasan
    Hi, there are 2 copy paste buffers in ubuntu: 1) ctrl+c, ctrl+v (alt+ins, shifg+ins); 2)mouse select and click on selected text. That buffers often appears to mix up, and second buffer doesn't work in some applications and circumstances. I'm pretty new to ubuntu. So what is the best practices for configuration these buffers? Also if you tell me, how exactly that configuration can be made, I'll be very happy.

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  • OpenGL Application displays only 1 frame

    - by Avi
    EDIT: I have verified that the problem is not the VBO class or the vertex array class, but rather something else. I have a problem where my vertex buffer class works the first time its called, but displays nothing any other time its called. I don't know why this is, and it's also the same in my vertex array class. I'm calling the functions in this order to set up the buffers: enable client states bind buffers set buffer / array data unbind buffers disable client states Then in the draw function, that's called every frame: enable client states bind buffers set pointers unbind buffers bind index buffer draw elements unbind index buffer disable client states Is there something wrong with the order in which I'm calling the functions, or is it a more specific code error? EDIT: here's some of the code Code for setting pointers: //element is the vertex attribute being drawn (e.g. normals, colors, etc.) static void makeElementPointer(VertexBufferElements::VBOElement element, Shader *shade, void *elementLocation) { //elementLocation is BUFFER_OFFSET(n) if a buffer is bound switch (element) { .... glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, elementLocation); //changes based on element .... //but I'm only dealing with } //vertices for now } And that's basically all the code that isn't just a straight OpenGL function call.

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  • Nginx + uWSGI + Django performance stuck on 100rq/s

    - by dancio
    I have configured Nginx with uWSGI and Django on CentOS 6 x64 (3.06GHz i3 540, 4GB), which should easily handle 2500 rq/s but when I run ab test ( ab -n 1000 -c 100 ) performance stops at 92 - 100 rq/s. Nginx: user nginx; worker_processes 2; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } uWSGI: Emperor /usr/sbin/uwsgi --master --no-orphans --pythonpath /var/python --emperor /var/python/*/uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] socket = 127.0.0.2:3031 master = true processes = 5 env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=x.settings env = HTTPS=on module = django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler() disable-logging = true catch-exceptions = false post-buffering = 8192 harakiri = 30 harakiri-verbose = true vacuum = true listen = 500 optimize = 2 sysclt changes: # Increase TCP max buffer size setable using setsockopt() net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 2048 # Avoid a smurf attack net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 # Optimization for port usefor LBs # Increase system file descriptor limit fs.file-max = 65535 I did sysctl -p to enable changes. Idle server info: top - 13:34:58 up 102 days, 18:35, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 118 total, 1 running, 117 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3983068k total, 2125088k used, 1857980k free, 262528k buffers Swap: 2104504k total, 0k used, 2104504k free, 606996k cached free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3889 2075 1814 0 256 592 -/+ buffers/cache: 1226 2663 Swap: 2055 0 2055 **During the test:** top - 13:45:21 up 102 days, 18:46, 1 user, load average: 3.73, 1.51, 0.58 Tasks: 122 total, 8 running, 114 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 93.5%us, 5.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.1%hi, 1.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3983068k total, 2127564k used, 1855504k free, 262580k buffers Swap: 2104504k total, 0k used, 2104504k free, 608760k cached free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3889 2125 1763 0 256 595 -/+ buffers/cache: 1274 2615 Swap: 2055 0 2055 iotop 30141 be/4 nginx 0.00 B/s 7.78 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % nginx: wo~er process Where is the bottleneck ? Or what am I doing wrong ?

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  • How can two threads access a common array of buffers with minimal blocking ? (c#)

    - by Jelly Amma
    Hello, I'm working on an image processing application where I have two threads on top of my main thread: 1 - CameraThread that captures images from the webcam and writes them into a buffer 2 - ImageProcessingThread that takes the latest image from that buffer for filtering. The reason why this is multithreaded is because speed is critical and I need to have CameraThread to keep grabbing pictures and making the latest capture ready to pick up by ImageProcessingThread while it's still processing the previous image. My problem is about finding a fast and thread-safe way to access that common buffer and I've figured that, ideally, it should be a triple buffer (image[3]) so that if ImageProcessingThread is slow, then CameraThread can keep on writing on the two other images and vice versa. What sort of locking mechanism would be the most appropriate for this to be thread-safe ? I looked at the lock statement but it seems like it would make a thread block-waiting for another one to be finished and that would be against the point of triple buffering. Thanks in advance for any idea or advice. J.

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  • Understanding this Pascal-FC threaded code

    - by dmindreader
    **Program Parcial2; type buffer = channel of integer; var buffers : array [1..2] of buffer; val:integer; process sleeper (id:integer); var i : integer; begin for i:=1 to 10 do begin sleep (random(10*id)); **buffers (id):any;** end; end; process troll; begin **buffers[1]: random(10);** end;** What are buffers(id):any and buffers[1]:random(10) doing?

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  • OpenAL device, buffer and context relationship

    - by Markus
    I'm trying to create an object oriented model to wrap OpenAL and have a little problem understanding the devices, buffers and contexts. From what I can see in the Programmer's Guide, there are multiple devices, each of which can have multiple contexts as well as multiple buffers. Each context has a listener, and the alListener*() functions all operate on the listener of the active context. (Meaning that I have to make another context active first if I wanted to change it's listener, if I got that right.) So far, so good. What irritates me though is that I need to pass a device to the alcCreateContext() function, but none to alGenBuffers(). How does this work then? When I open multiple devices, on which device are the buffers created? Are the buffers shared between all devices? What happens to the buffers if I close all open devices? (Or is there something I missed?)

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  • Using Audio Queue Services to play PCM data over a socket connection

    - by Rohan
    I'm writing a remote desktop client for the iPhone and I'm trying to implement audio redirection. The client is connected to the server over a socket connection, and the server sends 32K chunks of PCM data at a time. I'm trying to use AQS to play the data and it plays the first two seconds (1 buffer worth). However, since the next chunk of data hasn't come in over the socket yet, the next AudioQueueBuffer is empty. When the data comes in, I fill the next available buffer with the data and enqueue it with AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer. However, it never plays these buffers. Does the queue stop playing if there are no buffers in the queue, even if you later add a buffer? Here's the relevant part of the code: void wave_out_write(STREAM s, uint16 tick, uint8 index) { if(items_in_queue == NUM_BUFFERS){ return; } if(!playState.busy){ OSStatus status; status = AudioQueueNewOutput(&playState.dataFormat, AudioOutputCallback, &playState, CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), NULL, 0, &playState.queue); if(status == 0){ for(int i=0; i<NUM_BUFFERS; i++){ AudioQueueAllocateBuffer(playState.queue, 40000, &playState.buffers[i]); } AudioQueueAddPropertyListener(playState.queue, kAudioQueueProperty_IsRunning, MyAudioQueuePropertyListenerProc, &playState); status = AudioQueueStart(playState.queue, NULL); if(status ==0){ playState.busy = True; } else{ return; } } else{ return; } } playState.buffers[queue_hi]->mAudioDataByteSize = s->size; memcpy(playState.buffers[queue_hi]->mAudioData, s->data, s->size); AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(playState.queue, playState.buffers[queue_hi], 0, 0); queue_hi++; queue_hi = queue_hi % NUM_BUFFERS; items_in_queue++; } void AudioOutputCallback(void* inUserData, AudioQueueRef outAQ, AudioQueueBufferRef outBuffer) { PlayState *playState = (PlayState *)inUserData; items_in_queue--; } Thanks!

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  • An IOCP documentation interpretation question - buffer ownership ambiguity

    - by Poni
    Since I'm not a native English speaker I might be missing something so maybe someone here knows better than me. Taken from WSASend's doumentation at MSDN: lpBuffers [in] A pointer to an array of WSABUF structures. Each WSABUF structure contains a pointer to a buffer and the length, in bytes, of the buffer. For a Winsock application, once the WSASend function is called, the system owns these buffers and the application may not access them. This array must remain valid for the duration of the send operation. Ok, can you see the bold text? That's the unclear spot! I can think of two translations for this line (might be something else, you name it): Translation 1 - "buffers" refers to the OVERLAPPED structure that I pass this function when calling it. I may reuse the object again only when getting a completion notification about it. Translation 2 - "buffers" refer to the actual buffers, those with the data I'm sending. If the WSABUF object points to one buffer, then I cannot touch this buffer until the operation is complete. Can anyone tell what's the right interpretation to that line? And..... If the answer is the second one - how would you resolve it? Because to me it implies that for each and every data/buffer I'm sending I must retain a copy of it at the sender side - thus having MANY "pending" buffers (in different sizes) on an high traffic application, which really going to hurt "scalability". Statement 1: In addition to the above paragraph (the "And...."), I thought that IOCP copies the data to-be-sent to it's own buffer and sends from there, unless you set SO_SNDBUF to zero. Statement 2: I use stack-allocated buffers (you know, something like char cBuff[1024]; at the function body - if the translation to the main question is the second option (i.e buffers must stay as they are until the send is complete), then... that really screws things up big-time! Can you think of a way to resolve it? (I know, I asked it in other words above).

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  • swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

    - by Marco
    I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happes: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this? TIA, Marco

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  • swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

    - by Marco
    I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only Firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happens: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this?

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  • free memory in Linux

    - by user32425
    Hi, I did free -tm on my system, and I got the output below. Is the free buffers/cache part of the used memory? And therefore we can consider it as free memory? total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 5721 5689 32 0 137 4664 -/+ buffers/cache: 887 4834 Swap: 6000 13 5987 Total: 11722 5703 6019 Thanks

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  • Why does the java -Xmx not working?

    - by Zenofo
    In my Ubuntu 11.10 VPS, Before I run the jar file: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 256 5 250 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 5 250 Swap: 0 0 0 Run a jar file that limited to maximum of 32M memory: java -Xms8m -Xmx32m -jar ./my.jar Now the memory state as follows: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 256 155 100 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 155 100 Swap: 0 0 0 This jar occupied 150M memory. And I can't run any other java command: # java -version Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap Could not create the Java virtual machine. # java -Xmx8m -version Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap Could not create the Java virtual machine. I want to know why the -Xmx parameter does not take effect? How can I limit the jar file using the memory?

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  • How can I measure actual memory usage from my running processes?

    - by NullUser
    I have two servers, server1 and server2. Both of them are identical HP blades, running the exact same OS (RHEL 5.5). Here's the output of free for both of them: ### server1: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 8017848 2746596 5271252 0 212772 1768800 -/+ buffers/cache: 765024 7252824 Swap: 14188536 0 14188536 ### server2: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 8017848 4494836 3523012 0 212724 3136568 -/+ buffers/cache: 1145544 6872304 Swap: 14188536 0 14188536 If I understand correctly, server2 is using significantly more memory for disk I/O caching, which still counts as memory used. But both are running the same OS and if I remember correctly, I configured both with the same parameters when they were installed. I did a diff on /etc/sysctl.conf and they are identical. The problem is, I am collecting memory usage and other metrics over a period of time, (eg: vmstat, iostat, etc.) while a load is generated on the system. The memory used for caching is throwing off my calculations on the results. How can I measure actual memory usage from my running processes, rather than system usage? Is used - (buffers + cached) a valid way to measure this?

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  • Debug unstable Apache server under Debian

    - by almo
    Since yesterday my Apache server that runs on a Debian machine runs very unstable. Sometiems my websites load and sometimes not. I think it has to do with the memory since my Apache log is full of Out of memory (allocated 262144) (tried to allocate 4480 bytes). I also attached a screenshot of the memory graph. A server restart resolves the problem temporarily. I looked at the processes that are using memory but the biggest one is MySQL with 6.5%. Where else can look for the problem? Edit: I did a free -m right after rebooting and one about 2 hours later. I think the trend is visible: root@xxx:~# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4016 731 3284 0 80 200 -/+ buffers/cache: 449 3566 Swap: 459 0 459 root@xxx:~# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4016 2466 1550 0 92 473 -/+ buffers/cache: 1900 2115 Swap: 459 0 459

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  • How to change memory for DomU runtime

    - by saffron
    I have a xen server with xen-4.1.3, linux-image-3.2.0-3-amd64, debian squeeze and 16Gb of RAM. The domain-0 has 1Gb of ram, the rest of memory belongs to the hypervisor. I want to start a guest domain with a minimal amount of memory and increase it runtime later. When I start a guest domain with 256Mb of ram and run xm mem-set domu 4Gb, I get ~3Gb only in domu and a guest domain free says: root@test:~# free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2830620 72868 2757752 0 2432 43504 -/+ buffers/cache: 26932 2803688 Swap: 1048572 0 1048572 And a guest domain dmesg says: [ 0.000000] Memory: 175912k/2883584k available (3527k kernel code, 448k absent, 2707224k reserved, 3210k data, 612k init) When I start a guest domain with 2Gb of ram I can run xm mem-set domu 7Gb and get ~7Gb of ram in a guest domain: root@test:~# free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 6828228 74944 6753284 0 1328 12568 -/+ buffers/cache: 61048 6767180 Swap: 1048572 0 1048572 And a guest domain dmesg: [ 0.000000] Memory: 1674960k/16651264k available (3527k kernel code, 448k absent, 14975856k reserved, 3210k data, 612k init) How can I start a guest domain with a minimal amount of ram (256Mb) and increase it under 15Gb?

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