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• Is MarshalByRefObject special?

  - by Vilx-

  .NET has a thing called remoting where you can pass objects around between separate appdomains or even physical machines. I don't fully understand how the magic is done, hence this question. In remoting there are two base ways of passing objects around - either they can be serialized (converted to a bunch of bytes and the rebuilt at the other end) or they can inherit from MarshalByRefObject, in which case .NET makes some transparent proxies and all method calls are forwarded back to the original instance. This is pretty cool and works like magic. And I don't like magic in programming. Looking at the MarshalByRefObject with the Reflector I don't see anything that would set it apart from any other typical object. Not even a weird internal attribute or anything. So how is the whole transparent proxy thing organized? Can I make such a mechanism myself? Can I make an alternate MyMarshalByRefObject which would not inherit from MarshalByRefObject but would still act the same? Or is MarshalByRefObject receiving some special treatment by the .NET engine itself and the whole remoting feat is non-duplicatable by mere mortals?

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• Which isolation level should I use for the following insert-if-not-present transaction?

  - by Steve Guidi

  I've written a linq-to-sql program that essentially performs an ETL task, and I've noticed many places where parallelization will improve its performance. However, I'm concerned about preventing uniquness constraint violations when two threads perform the following task (psuedo code). Record CreateRecord(string recordText) { using (MyDataContext database = GetDatabase()) { Record existingRecord = database.MyTable.FirstOrDefault(record.KeyPredicate()); if(existingRecord == null) { existingRecord = CreateRecord(recordText); database.MyTable.InsertOnSubmit(existingRecord); } database.SubmitChanges(); return existingRecord; } } In general, this code executes a SELECT statement to test for record existance, followed by an INSERT statement if the record doesn't exist. It is encapsulated by an implicit transaction. When two threads run this code for the same instance of recordText, I want to prevent them from simultaneously determining that the record doesn't exist, thereby both attempting to create the same record. An isolation level and explicit transaction will work well, except I'm not certain which isolation level I should use -- Serializable should work, but seems too strict. Is there a better choice?

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• Method having an abstract class as a parameter

  - by Ferhat

  I have an abstract class A, where I have derived the classes B and C. Class A provides an abstract method DoJOB(), which is implemented by both derived classes. There is a class X which has methods inside, which need to call DoJOB(). The class X may not contain any code like B.DoJOB() or C.DoJOB(). Example: public class X { private A foo; public X(A concrete) { foo = concrete; } public FunnyMethod() { foo.DoJOB(); } } While instantiating class X I want to decide which derived class (B or C) must be used. I thought about passing an instance of B or C using the constructor of X. X kewl = new X(new C()); kewl.FunnyMethod(); //calls C.DoJOB() kewl = new X(new B()); kewl.FunnyMethod(); // calls B.DoJOB() My test showed that declaring a method with a parameter A is not working. Am I missing something? How can I implement this correctly? (A is abstract, it cannot be instantiated)

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• Wrapper class that creates objects at runtime and stores data in an array.

  - by scriptingalias

  I tried making a wrapper class that encapsulates an object, a string (for naming and differentiating the object instance), and an array to store data. The problem I'm having now is accessing this class using methods that determine the "name" of the object and also reading the array containing some random variables. import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Random; public class WrapperClass { String varName; Object varData; int[] array = new int[10]; public WrapperClass(String name, Object data, int[] ARRAY) { varName = name; varData = data; array = ARRAY; } public static void getvalues() { } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] array = new int[10]; Random random = new Random(3134234); for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (int c = 0; c < 10; c++) { array[c] = random.nextInt();//randomly creates data } WrapperClass w = new WrapperClass("c" + i, new Object(),array); } } }

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• Database Programming in C#, returning output from Stored Proc

  - by jpavlov

  I am working at gaining an understanding at how to interface stored procedures with applications. My example is simple, but it doesn't display my columns and rows in the command prompt, instead it display System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader. How do I display the rows from my stored procudure? ----Stored Proc-- ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.SelectID AS SELECT * FROM tb_User; ----- Below is the code: using System; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.IO; namespace ExecuteStoredProc { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { SqlConnection cnnUserMan; SqlCommand cmmUser; //SqlDataReader drdUser; //Instantiate and open the connection cnnUserMan = new SqlConnection("Data Source=.\\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=c:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL10.SQLEXPRESS\\MSSQL\\DATA\\UserDB.mdf; Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True"); cnnUserMan.Open(); //Instantiate and initialize command cmmUser = new SqlCommand("SelectID", cnnUserMan); cmmUser.CommandType = System.Data.CommandType.StoredProcedure; //drdUser = cmmUser.ExecuteReader(); Console.WriteLine(cmmUser.ExecuteReader()); Console.ReadLine(); } } } Thanks.

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• Conditional insert as a single database transaction in HSQLDB 1.8?

  - by Kevin Pauli

  I'm using a particular database table like a "Set" data structure, i.e., you can attempt to insert the same row several times, but it will only contain one instance. The primary key is a natural key. For example, I want the following series of operations to work fine, and result in only one row for Oklahoma: insert into states_visited (state_name) values ('Oklahoma'); insert into states_visited (state_name) values ('Texas'); insert into states_visited (state_name) values ('Oklahoma'); I am of course getting an error due to the duplicate primary key on subsequent inserts of the same value. Is there a way to make the insert conditional, so that these errors are not thrown? I.e. only do the the insert if the natural key does not already exist? I know I could do a where clause and a subquery to test for the row's existence first, but it seems that would be expensive. That's 2 physical operations for one logical "conditional insert" operation. Anything like this in SQL? FYI I am using HSQLDB 1.8

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• Reference to the Main Form whilst trying to Serialize objects in C#

  - by Paul Matthews

  I have a button on my main form which calls a method to serialize some objects to disk. I am trying to add these objects to an ArrayList and then serialize them using a BinaryFormatter and a FileStream. public void SerializeGAToDisk(string GenAlgName) { // Let's make a list that includes all the objects we // need to store a GA instance ArrayList GAContents = new ArrayList(); GAContents.Add(GenAlgInstances[GenAlgName]); // Structure and info for a GA GAContents.Add(RunningGAs[GenAlgName]); // There may be several running GA's using (FileStream fStream = new FileStream(GenAlgName + ".ga", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None)) { BinaryFormatter binFormat = new BinaryFormatter(); binFormat.Serialize(fStream, GAContents); } } When running the above code I get the following exception: System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException was unhandled Message=Type 'WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1' in Assembly 'GeneticAlgApp, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' is not marked as serializable. So that means that somewhere in the objects I'm trying to save there must be a reference to the main form. The only possible references I can see are 3 delegates which all point to methods in the main form code. Do delegates get serialized as well? I can't seem to apply the [NonSerialized] attribute to them. Is there anything else I might be missing? Even better, is there a quick method to find the reference(s) that are causing the problem?

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• probelem with NSTimer

  - by zp26

  Hi I have a problem with a NSTimer I recived a "SIGABRT" error and "[NSCFTimer intValue]: unrecognized selector sent to instance " These is my code: -(void)detectionMove:(NSNumber*)arrayIndex{ static BOOL notFind = FALSE; static int countVariable = 0; static int countRilevamenti = 0; notFind = FALSE; for(int i = countVariable+1; i<[[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]count]; i++){ if(!notFind){ if((actualAccelerometerX+sensibilityMovement) >= [[[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]objectAtIndex:i]valueX] && (actualAccelerometerX-sensibilityMovement) <= [[[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]objectAtIndex:i]valueX] && (actualAccelerometerY+sensibilityMovement) >= [[[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]objectAtIndex:i]valueY] && (actualAccelerometerY-sensibilityMovement) <= [[[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]objectAtIndex:i]valueY] && (actualAccelerometerZ+sensibilityMovement) >= [[[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]objectAtIndex:i]valueZ] && (actualAccelerometerZ-sensibilityMovement) <= [[[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]objectAtIndex:i]valueZ]) { countVariable = i; notFind = TRUE; countRilevamenti++; } } } if(!notFind) return; else if(countVariable+1 == [[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]count]){ if(countRilevamenti + tollerance >= [[[[sharedController arrayMovement]objectAtIndex:[arrayIndex intValue]] arrayPositionMove]count]) movementDetected = [arrayIndex intValue]; else NSLog(@"troppo veloce"); countVariable = 0; notFind = FALSE; countRilevamenti = 0; return; } [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:timeToCatch target:self selector:@selector(detectionMove:) userInfo:(NSNumber*)arrayIndex repeats:NO]; }

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• Trying to make a plugin system in C++

  - by Pirate for Profit

  I'm making a task-based program that needs to have plugins. Tasks need to have properties which can be easily edited, I think this can be done with Qt's Meta-Object Compiler reflection capabilities (I could be wrong, but I should be able to stick this in a QtPropertyBrowser?) So here's the base: class Task : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public: explicit Task(QObject *parent = 0) : QObject(parent){} virtual void run() = 0; signals: void taskFinished(bool success = true); } Then a plugin might have this task: class PrinterTask : public Task { Q_OBJECT public: explicit PrinterTask(QObject *parent = 0) : Task(parent) {} void run() { Printer::getInstance()->Print(this->getData()); // fictional emit taskFinished(true); } inline const QString &getData() const; inline void setData(QString data); Q_PROPERTY(QString data READ getData WRITE setData) // for reflection } In a nutshell, here's what I want to do: // load plugin // find all the Tasks interface implementations in it // have user able to choose a Task and edit its specific Q_PROPERTY's // run the TASK It's important that one .dll has multiple tasks, because I want them to be associated by their module. For instance, "FileTasks.dll" could have tasks for deleting files, making files, etc. The only problem with Qt's plugin setup is I want to store X amount of Tasks in one .dll module. As far as I can tell, you can only load one interface per plugin (I could be wrong?). If so, the only possible way to do accomplish what I want is to create a FactoryInterface with string based keys which return the objects (as in Qt's Plug-And-Paint example), which is a terrible boilerplate that I would like to avoid. Anyone know a cleaner C++ plugin architecture than Qt's to do what I want? Also, am I safely assuming Qt's reflection capabilities will do what I want (i.e. able to edit an unknown dynamically loaded tasks' properties with the QtPropertyBrowser before dispatching)?

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• Subversion commands not being run by Ubuntu rc.local

  - by talentedmrjones

  Here is my rc.local for an autoscaling amazon ec2 instance based on ubuntu: (Note that user names, domains, and paths have been changed for security purposes) logger "Begin rc.local startup script:" logger "svn checkout" sudo -u nonRootUser /usr/bin/svn co svn+ssh://[email protected]/path/to/repo /var/www/html | logger logger "chown writeable folder" chown www-data /var/www/html/writeableFolder logger "restart apache" /etc/init.d/apache2 restart | logger exit 0 And here is the output of sudo tail -n 40 /var/log/syslog Mar 10 22:05:20 ubuntu logger: Begin rc.local startup script: Mar 10 22:05:20 ubuntu logger: svn checkout Mar 10 22:05:20 ubuntu logger: chown writeable folder Of course its not getting to apache2 restart because it error'd on the chown. I did find however that if I do a checkout beforehand, and set the rc.local svn command to an svn update, that it still does not run the svn command but does output apache2 restart successfully. These same svn commands work perfectly when I run them manually, tho it's strange that within rc.local they do not produce any output whatsoever to logger yet apache2 restart does. I've also tried running the svn co and svn update both with sudo -u and without. How do I get the svn command to run? Either a full checkout or an update. At this point either would be better than nothing!

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• How to know which image is being viewed in UIScrollView? Also, is it possible to loop scrolling for

  - by bruin

  This is what I'm trying to do, and I'm not sure if it's possible using UIScrollView. First, I don't care about zooming, all I care is that the user is able to scroll through images just like the Photo App, this I got. But how do I know which image he is viewing while using UIScrollView? For instance, if he stops on the 3rd image out of 10 images in the view, how do I know he's on that image? I can't find a way to access the index (is this accessible)?? Also, bonus question, once the user scrolls to the last image, I don't want the scrolling to stop but I want it to loop so that image 1 comes after image 10. And vice versa, if you scroll left passed image 1, you'll see image 10. I'm not asking for the logic, I can do this in an array very simply, I just don't know how to access (if it's even possible) the indexing of the images in the scroll view. If it's not, does anyone have a solution to do this? thanks in advance!

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• How do I access the names of VB6 modules from code?

  - by Mark Bertenshaw

  Hi All - It is unlikely that there is an answer for this one, but I'm asking anyway. I am currently maintaining some code, which is likely to be refactored soon. Before that happens, I want to make the standard error handling code, which is injected by an Add-In, more efficient and take up less space. One thing that annoys me is that every module has a constant called m_ksModuleName that is used to construct a big string, which is then rethrown from the error handler so we can trace the error stack. This is all template code, i.e. repetivitve, but I could easily strip it down to a procedure call. Now, I have fixed the code so that you can pass the Me reference to the procedure - but you can't do that for the BAS modules. Nor can you access the project name (the part which would be passed as part of a ProgramID, for instance) - although you get given it when you raise an error yourself. All these strings are contained in the EXE, DLL or OCX - believe me, I've used a debugger to find them. But how can I access these in code? -- Mark Bertenshaw

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• Remote connection to SQL Server Express fails

  - by worlds-apart89

  I have two computers that share the same Internet IP address. Using one of the computers, I can remotely connect to a SQL Server database on the other. Here is my connection string: SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=192.168.1.101\SQLEXPRESSNI,1433;Network Library=DBMSSOCN;Initial Catalog=FirstDB;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=username;Password=password;"); 192.168.1.101 is the server, SQLEXPRESSNI is the SQL Server instance name, and FirstDB is the name of the database. Now, I have another computer with a different Internet IP address. I want to connect to the server above using the third computer that does not belong to my local area network. I dont have access to that third computer at the moment, so I want to use (if possible) the client computer in LAN again. SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=SharedInternetIP\SQLEXPRESSNI,1433;Network Library=DBMSSOCN;Initial Catalog=FirstDB;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=username;Password=password;"); Does not work Note that I am a beginner, so I am not quite sure what I am doing even though I know what I want to do. By passing the Internet IP to the SqlConnection object rather than the local IP address, how can I successfully connect to the server computer, using the client computer in the same network? Also note that my ultimate goal is to connect to the server with an external client, but I don't have access to that computer right now. I'd appreciate any help.

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• Using entity framework to connect to multiple similar tables in .net MVC.

  - by Dite

  A relative newcomer to .net MVC2 and the entity framework, I am working on a project which requires a single web application, (C# .net 4), to connect to multiple different databases depending on the route of access, (ie subdomain). No problem with this in principle and all the logic is written to transform the subdomain into an entity connection and pass this through to the Entity Model. The problem comes with the fact that the different database whilst being largely similar in structure contain 3 or 4 unique tables bespoke to that instance. To my mind there are two ways to solve this issue, neither of which i am sure will be possible. 1/ Use a separate entity model for each database. -Attempts down this route have through up conflicts where table/sp names are the same across differnt db's, or implicit conversion errors when I try and put the different models in different namespaces. or 2/ Overwrite the classes which refer to the changeable database objects based on the value of a base controller property. -I have found nothing to suggest i can even do this. My question is if either of theser routes can ever work in principle or if i should just give up on the EF and connect to the dtabases directlky using ADO. Perhaps there is another way to solve this problem i haven't thought of? Thanks for any help...

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• how to allow unamed user in svn authz file?

  - by dtrosset

  I have a subversion server running with apache. It authenticates users using LDAP in apache configuration and uses SVN authorizations to limit user access to certain repositories. This works perfectly. Apache DAV svn SVNParentPath /srv/svn SVNListParentPath Off SVNPathAuthz Off AuthType Basic AuthName "Subversion Repository" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthLDAPBindDN # private stuff AuthLDAPBindPassword # private stuff AuthLDAPURL # private stuff Require valid-user AuthzSVNAccessFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.authz Subversion [groups] soft = me, and, all, other, developpers Adding anonymous access from one machine Now, I have a service I want to setup (rietveld, for code reviews) that needs to have an anonymous access to the repository. As this is a web service, accesses are always done from the same server. Thus I added apache configuration to allow all accesses from this machine. This did not work until I add an additional line in the authorization file to allow read access to user -. Apache <Limit GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT> Order allow,deny Allow from # private IP address Satisfy Any </Limit> Subversion [Software:/] @soft = rw - = r # <-- This is the added line For instance, before I add this, all users were authenticated, and thus had a name. Now, some accesses are done without a user name! I found this - user name in the apache log files. But does this line equals to * = r that I absolutely do not want to enable, or does it only allows the anonymous unnamed user (that is allowed access only from the rietveld server)?

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• Creating a HTTP handler for IIS that transparently forwards request to different port?

  - by Lasse V. Karlsen

  I have a public web server with the following software installed: IIS7 on port 80 Subversion over apache on port 81 TeamCity over apache on port 82 Unfortunately, both Subversion and TeamCity comes with their own web server installations, and they work flawlessly, so I don't really want to try to move them all to run under IIS, if that is even possible. However, I was looking at IIS and I noticed the HTTP redirect part, and I was wondering... Would it be possible for me to create a HTTP handler, and install it on a sub-domain under IIS7, so that all requests to, say, http://svn.vkarlsen.no/anything/here is passed to my HTTP handler, which then subsequently creates a request to http://localhost:81/anything/here, retrieves the data, and passes it on to the original requestee? In other words, I would like IIS to handle transparent forwards to port 81 and 82, without using the redirection features. For instance, Subversion doesn't like HTTP redirect and just says that the repository has been moved, and I need to relocate my working copy. That's not what I want. If anyone thinks this can be done, does anyone have any links to topics I need to read up on? I think I can manage the actual request parts, even with authentication, but I have no idea how to create a HTTP handler. Also bear in mind that I need to handle sub-paths and documents beneath the top-level domain, so http://svn.vkarlsen.no/whatever/here needs to be handled by a single handler, I cannot create copies of the handler for all sub-directories since paths are created from time to time.

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• invalid scalar hex value 0x8000000 and over

  - by kioto

  Hi. I found a problem getting hex value from yaml file. It couldn't get hex value 0x80000000 and over. Following is a sample C++ program. // ymlparser.cpp #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include "yaml-cpp/yaml.h" int main(void) { try { std::ifstream fin("hex.yaml"); YAML::Parser parser(fin); YAML::Node doc; parser.GetNextDocument(doc); int num1; doc["hex1"] >> num1; printf("num1 = 0x%x\n", num1); int num2; doc["hex2"] >> num2; printf("num2 = 0x%x\n", num2); return 0; } catch(YAML::ParserException& e) { std::cout << e.what() << "\n"; } } hex.yaml hex1: 0x7FFFFFFF hex2: 0x80000000 Error message is here. $ ./ymlparser num1 = 0x7fffffff terminate called after throwing an instance of 'YAML::InvalidScalar' what(): yaml-cpp: error at line 2, column 7: invalid scalar Aborted Environment yaml-cpp : getting from svn, March.22.2010 or v0.2.5 OS : Ubuntu 9.10 i386 I need to get hex the value on yaml-cpp now, but I have no idea. Please tell me how to get it another way. Thanks,

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• Can anyone get app-engine plugin working with Grails on mac os x?

  - by tim

  I have been trying for 4 days to get app-engine and grails working together on my mac to no avail. I am using latest groovy/grails and appengine sdk versions. Im following the app-engine plugin step by step on the grails site.. http://grails.org/plugin/app-engine Groovy Version: 1.7.1 JVM: 1.5.0_22 Grails 1.3.0.RC1 echo $APPENGINE_HOME reveals /Users/markstim/appengine-java-sdk-1.3.2 I perform the following steps 1. grails create-app myapp 2. cd myapp; grails list-plugins reveals hibernate 1.3.0.RC1 -- Hibernate for Grails tomcat 1.3.0.RC1 -- Apache Tomcat plugin for Grails add the following line to Config.groovy google.appengine.application="myapp" install the plugin for app-engine grails install-plugin app-engine and answer 'jpa' when asked (no errors yet) installed plugins list now looks like app-engine 0.8.9 -- Grails AppEngine plugin gorm-jpa 0.7.1 -- GORM-JPA Plugin then grails run-app and get this error as the server is coming up... [java] WARNING: Nested in org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'pluginManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [GormJpaGrailsPlugin]!: [java] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org.grails.jpa.JpaPluginSupport then if i navigate to localhost:8080 I get HTTP ERROR: 503 Problem accessing /myapp. Reason: SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE Powered by Jetty://

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• pulling a value from NSMutableDictionary

  - by Jared Gross

  I have a dictionary array with a key:@"titleLabel". I am trying to load a pickerView with ONE instance of each @"titleLabel" key so that if there are multiple objects with the same @"titleLabel" only one title will be displayed. I've done some research on this forum and looked at apples docs but haven't been able to put the puzzle together. Below is my code but I am having trouble pulling the values. Right now when I run this code it throws an error Incompatible pointer types sending 'PFObject *' to parameter of type 'NSString' which i understand but am just not sure how to remedy. Cheers! else { // found messages! self.objectsArray = objects; NSMutableDictionary *dict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; for(id obj in self.objectsArray){ PFObject *key = [self.objectsArray valueForKey:@"titleLabel"]; if(![dict objectForKey:@"titleLabel"]){ [dict setValue:obj forKey:key]; } } for (id key in dict) { NSLog(@"Objects array is %d", [self.objectsArray count]); NSLog(@"key: %@, value: %@ \n", key, [dict objectForKey:key]); } [self.pickerView reloadComponent:0]; } }];` Here is where I define the PFObject and keys: PFObject *image = [PFObject objectWithClassName:@"Images"]; [image setObject:file forKey:@"file"]; [image setObject:fileType forKey:@"fileType"]; [image setObject:title forKey:@"titleLabel"]; [image setObject:self.recipients forKey:@"recipientIds"]; [image setObject:[[PFUser currentUser] objectId] forKey:@"senderId"]; [image setObject:[[PFUser currentUser] username] forKey:@"senderName"]; [image saveInBackground];

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• How to Object Array to List

  - by Peter Black

  (C#) I have 2 classes. 1 is called Employee. The other is my "main". I am trying to take a list and assign each value in list to an array of Employee object. //Inside "Main" class int counter = NameList.Count; Employee[] employee = new Employee[counter]; for (int i = 0; i <= counter; i++) { employee[i].Name = NameList[i]; employee[i].EmpNumber = EmpNumList[i]; employee[i].DateOfHire = DOHList[i]; employee[i].Salary = SalaryList[i]; employee[i].JobDescription = JobDescList[i]; employee[i].Department = DeptList[i]; } This returns the error: An unhandled exception of type 'System.NullReferenceException' occurred in Pgm4.exe Additional information: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. I think this means that I am not calling the list properly. Any help would be much appreciated. Thank you.

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• Java: using generic wildcards with subclassing

  - by gibberish

  Say I have a class Foo, a class A and some subclass B of A. Foo accepts A and its sublclasses as the generic type. A and B both require a Foo instance in their constructor. I want A's Foo to be of type A , and B's Foo to be of type B or a superclass of B. So in effect, So I only want this: Foo<X> bar = new Foo<X>; new B(bar); to be possible if X is either A, B, or a both subclass of A and superclass of B. So far this is what I have: class Foo<? extends A>{ //construct } class A(Foo<A> bar){ //construct } class B(Foo<? super B> bar){ super(bar); //construct } The call to super(...) doesn't work, because <A> is stricter than <? super B>. Is it somehow possible to use the constructor (or avoid code duplication by another means) while enforcing these types? Edit: Foo keeps a collection of elements of the generic parameter type, and these elements and Foo have a bidirectional link. It should therefore not be possible to link an A to a Foo.

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• What is the best / proper idiom in django for modifying a field during a .save() where you need to o

  - by MDBGuy

  Hi, say I've got: class LogModel(models.Model): message = models.CharField(max_length=512) class Assignment(models.Model): someperson = models.ForeignKey(SomeOtherModel) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): super(Assignment, self).save() old_person = #????? LogModel(message="%s is no longer assigned to %s"%(old_person, self).save() LogModel(message="%s is now assigned to %s"%(self.someperson, self).save() My goal is to save to LogModel some messages about who Assignment was assigned to. Notice that I need to know the old, presave value of this field. I have seen code that suggests, before super().save(), retrieve the instance from the database via primary key and grab the old value from there. This could work, but is a bit messy. In addition, I plan to eventually split this code out of the .save() method via signals - namely pre_save() and post_save(). Trying to use the above logic (Retrieve from the db in pre_save, make the log entry in post_save) seemingly fails here, as pre_save and post_save are two seperate methods. Perhaps in pre_save I can retrieve the old value and stick it on the model as an attribute? I was wondering if there was a common idiom for this. Thanks.

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• Concise description of how .h and .m files interact in objective c?

  - by RJ86

  I have just started learning objective C and am really confused how the .h and .m files interact with each other. This simple program has 3 files: Fraction.h #import <Foundation/NSObject.h> @interface Fraction : NSObject { int numerator; int denominator; } - (void) print; - (void) setNumerator: (int) n; - (void) setDenominator: (int) d; - (int) numerator; - (int) denominator; @end Fraction.m #import "Fraction.h" #import <stdio.h> @implementation Fraction -(void) print { printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator ); } -(void) setNumerator: (int) n { numerator = n; } -(void) setDenominator: (int) d { denominator = d; } -(int) denominator { return denominator; } -(int) numerator { return numerator; } @end Main.m #import <stdio.h> #import "Fraction.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init]; [frac setNumerator: 1]; [frac setDenominator: 3]; printf( "The fraction is: " ); [frac print]; printf( "\n" ); [frac release]; return 0; } From what I understand, the program initially starts running the main.m file. I understand the basic C concepts but this whole "class" and "instance" stuff is really confusing. In the Fraction.h file the @interface is defining numerator and denominator as an integer, but what else is it doing below with the (void)? and what is the purpose of re-defining below? I am also quite confused as to what is happening with the (void) and (int) portions of the Fraction.m and how all of this is brought together in the main.m file. I guess what I am trying to say is that this seems like a fairly easy program to learn how the different portions work with each other - could anyone explain in non-tech jargon?

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• Finding What You Need in R: function arguments/parameters from outside the function's package

  - by doug

  Often in R, there are a dozen functions scattered across as many packages--all of which have the same purpose but of course differ in accuracy, performance, theoretical rigor, and so on. How do you gather all of these in one place before you start your task? So for instance: the generic plot function. Setting secondary ticks is much easier (IMHO) using a function outside of the base package, minor.tick(nx=n, ny=n, tick.ratio=n), found in Hmisc. Of course, that doesn't show up in plot's docstring. Likewise, the data-input arguments to 'plot' can be supplied by an object returned from the function 'hexbin', again, from a library outside of the base installation (where 'plot' resides). What would be great obviously is a programmatic way to gather these function arguments from the various libraries and put them in a single namespace. edit: (trying to re-state my example just above more clearly:) the arguments to plot supplied in the base package for, e.g., setting the axis tick frequency are xaxp/yaxp; however, one can also set a/t/f via a function outside of the base package, again, as in the minor.tick function from the Hmisc package--but you wouldn't know that just from looking at the plot method signature. Is there a meta function in R for this? So far, as i come across them, i've been manually gathering them in a TextMate 'snippet' (along with the attendant library imports). This isn't that difficult or time consuming, but i can only update my snippet as i find out about these additional arguments/parameters. Is there a canonical R way to do this, or at least an easier way? Just in case that wasn't clear, i am not talking about the case where multiple packages provide functions directed to the same statistic or view (e.g., 'boxplot' in the base package; 'boxplot.matrix' in gplots; and 'bplots' in Rlab). What i am talking is the case in which the function name is the same across two or more packages.

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• java: libraries for immutable functional-style data structures

  - by Jason S

  This is very similar to another question (Functional Data Structures in Java) but the answers there are not particularly useful. I need to use immutable versions of the standard Java collections (e.g. HashMap / TreeMap / ArrayList / LinkedList / HashSet / TreeSet). By "immutable" I mean immutable in the functional sense (e.g. purely functional data structures), where updating operations on the data structure do not change the original data, but instead return a new instance of the same kind of data structure. Also typically new and old instances of the data structure will share immutable data to be efficient in time and space. From what I can tell my options include: Functional Java Scala Clojure but I'm not sure whether any of these are particularly appealing to me. I have a few requirements/desirements: the collections in question should be usable directly in Java (with the appropriate libraries in the classpath). FJ would work for me; I'm not sure if I can use Scala's or Clojure's data structures in Java w/o having to use the compilers/interpreters from those languages and w/o having to write Scala or Clojure code. Core operations on lists/maps/sets should be possible w/o having to create function objects with confusing syntaxes (FJ looks slightly iffy) They should be efficient in time and space. I'm looking for a library which ideally has done some performance testing. FJ's TreeMap is based on a red-black tree, not sure how that rates. Documentation / tutorials should be good enough so someone can get started quickly using the data structures. FJ fails on that front. Any suggestions?

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