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  • Multimaster Keepalived Configuration (Virtual IP with Load Balancing)

    - by Rad Akefirad
    Here are requirements: 1. High Availability 2. Load Balancing First configuration 1. Two linux servers have been configured with one static IP for each: 10.17.243.11, 10.17.243.12 2. Keepalived has been installed and configured with one VRRP instance to provide one virtual IP (10.17.243.10 as VIP, 10.17.243.11 as master and 10.17.243.12 as backup). 3. Everything works fine. The VIP is assigned to the master server (10.17.243.11) as long as it is up and running. As soon as it goes down, the VIP will be assigned to the backup server (10.17.243.12). 4. The problem here is all communication goes to the master server. Second configuration 1. I found active-active configuration for Keepalived which is possible by defining more than one VRRP instance. So that both server have two IPs (real 10.17.243.11 and virtual 10.17.243.10 for server #1 and real 10.17.243.12 and virtual 10.17.243.20 for server #2. 2. Everything works fine. we have two VIPs which are accessible (HA). But all communication coming to each IP still goes to one single machine (either server #1 or #2 depending on the IP). However I found some tricks on the DNS to overcome this limitation. But it's not acceptable in our case. Question: Is there any way to have one virtual IP which is assigned to both servers? By that I mean both servers are handling some part of workload (like the thing we do in web server load balancing)? By using either keepalived or some other tools? Thanks in advance.

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  • Setup symbolic link where users can access it with FTP

    - by Dan Shields
    I have a folder on a server where a client of mine has a bunch of folders that they upload images and what not for a site, I do a symbolic link to those folders to the root of the website. This way I can give them ftp access to upload whatever they need without having access to the root level of the website. I have another folder that I can't setup as a symbolic link to their folder, which has images they need to upload to. I know that if I create a symbolic link the other way around where the sym link is in their folder, they can't access it through FTP. There has to be a way without creating two separate FTP accounts and give a user the ability to upload to a different directory that is outside of their home directory. I see that it is ftp specific and that there are some settings that can be changed but I haven't seen any clear cut answers for the best way to handle this.

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  • CentOS Latency High Troubleshooting

    - by Sarah Weinberger
    I have two CentOS servers connected via a 10 Gb fiber optic cable with a network emulator connected between them. All three units sit on a desk in the lab. There is also a regular 1 Gbit Ethernet cable connected to each of the machines, which provide internet connectivity. When I set the latency to something roughly below 30 ms, all is fine. When the latency gets to 70ms and above, and definitely 130ms, the network layer suspends. For instance, if I set the latency (delay) to 70ms, then launching TeamViewer (or any other application that uses network connectivity) never happens or does not work. There is no timeout message, simply no response. I have to lower to latency back down to zero to see any response and have the box start working. What is the problem and how would I go about fixing it? It seems to me some sort of setting in Linux causes one of the CentOS networking drivers to sit in an infinite loop or something. eth0 is the connection to the internet, all settings are default eth2 is the 10 Gbit fiber optic connection to the other computer with the MTU set to 9600 with all other parameters at default values.

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  • How to "ignore" username and password prompt in net use

    - by Mattisdada
    I have at the moment a logon.cmd script, that I'm using to map network drives to the users profile. It looks like this: ::Onboarding net use m: /delete net use m: \\BOB\onboarding ::Bookings net use n: /delete net use n: \\BOB\bookings ::Accounts net use j: /delete net use j: \\BOB\accounts It works fine up until it gets up to a folder that the current user cannot access, it then asks for a username and password instead of erroring and continuing. Notes: This very script used to work on another Samba PDC network, but I've moved it over to another server (Still Samba PDC) and now its breaking. Is there anyway for it to ignore the username/password prompt and just continue?

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  • KVM and JBoss Java Application Server

    - by Jason
    We have a large Xen deployment running on both RHEL and CentOS and have recently started looking at KVM since this is where it looks like the future of VM's are on Linux. We can load the server and get everything running without an issue. However when we load up a new one with JBoss (4.2 Community edition, Sun JDK 6) and load a large EAR the server goes a little crazy. The %sy will jump to 80-99% and just hang for large periods of time we see a similar jump in %us on the host machine. We though at first this might be I/O as it seems to happen at start of JBoss but then would "cool down" after everything got loaded. We did some tests by extracting some large tar.gz files and using jar -xvf on the ear but could not re-create. Then we starting thinking this might be some type of memory access issues. We loaded a c-program that would generate a lot of memory activity and sure enough we saw the spikes again. Not as high mind you but we did see it jump. We then wrote a small java program to do the same thing and sure enough we saw it jump again. Any thoughts on what might be causing this? Is this just the way KVM works? As a side note we do NOT see this behavior on any other setup. Xen, VMWare and/or native iron. The system does seem a bit slower than our Xen / VMware ones.

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  • Need help with local network printing while using VPN on Ubuntu 10.10 desktop

    - by MountainX
    I can print to my HP printer via the LAN when I'm not connected to the VPN. When connected to the VPN, printing fails. OpenVPN 2.1.0 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 12 2010 I can ping the printer while connected to the VPN: $ ping 192.168.100.12 PING 192.168.100.12 (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.100.12: icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=9.17 ms --- 192.168.100.12 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss... $ ping HpPrinter.local PING HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12): icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=0.383 ms --- HpPrinter.local ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss... But here's the error when I try to print while connected to the VPN: hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: prnt/backend/hp.c 745: ERROR: open device failed stat=12: hp:/net/Officejet_Pro_L7600?zc=HpPrinter I am running iptables rules, but the problem doesn't appear related to the firewall. I've tested with no rules (i.e., no firewall). The printing problem happens when the VPN is connected. I can guess it is an mdns problem, but searching google about mdns didn't turn up anything that seemed related to this (at my level of knowledge). Any suggestions?

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  • Changes user's email on crowd doesn't apply in confluence

    - by donamir
    Hi It's my configuration: Atlassian Crowd Version: 2.0.2 (Build:#409 - 06-10-2009) Atlassian Confluence 3.0.2 I can't change users' emails in Confluence because I use Crowd as external user management. So I have to change users' emails in Crowd but changes doesn't apply in Confluence. Even users has access to crowd user console and can login to Crowd and view their profile and edit their email password but changed emails doesn't apply in Confluence. What should I do? Is it a bug? Also I should mention that emails contains dot character(.). I posted my question to Atlassian forum 3 days ago but there's no answer yet!

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  • Hang while starting several daemons [solved]

    - by Adrian Lang
    I’m running a Debian Squeeze AMD64 server. Target runlevel after boot is runlevel 2, which includes rsyslogd, cron, sshd and some other stuff, but not dovecot, postfix, apache2, etc. The system fails to reach runlevel 2 with several symptoms: The system hangs at trying to start rsyslogd Booting into runlevel 1 works, then login from the console works Starting rsyslogd from runlevel 1 via /etc/init.d/rsyslog hangs Starting runlevel 2 with rsyslogd disabled works But then, logging in via console fails: I get the motd, and then nothing Starting sshd from runlevel 1 succeeds But then, I cannot login via ssh. Sometimes password ssh login gives me the motd and then nothing, sometimes not even this. Trying to offer a public key seems to annoy the sshd enough to not talk to me any further. When rebooting from runlevel 1, the server hangs at trying to stop apache2 (which is not running, so this really should be trivial). Trying to stop apache2 when logged in in runleve 1 does hang as well. And that’s just the stuff which fails all the time. RAM has been tested, dmesg shows no problems. I have no clue. Update: (shortened) output from rsyslogd -c4 -d called in runlevel 1 rsyslogd 4.6.4 startup, compatibility mode 4, module path '' caller requested object 'net', not found (iRet -3003) Requested to load module 'lmnet' loading module '/user/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so' module of type 2 being loaded conf.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount 1 rsylog runtime initialized, version 4.6.4, current users 1 syslogd.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount now 2 I can kill rsyslogd with Strg+C, then. /var/log shows none of the configured log files, though. Update2: Thanks to @DerfK I still have no clue, but at least I narrowed down the problem. I’m now testing with /etc/init.d/apache2 stop (without an apache2 running, of course) which hangs as well and looks like an even more obvious failure. After some testing I found out that a file with one single line: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest /dev/null 2&1 hangs, while the same line executed in an interactive shell works. I was not able to further reduce this line while, i. e. every single part, the stream redirections and the commando itself is necessary to reproduce the hang. @DerfK also pointed me to strace which gave a shallow hint about what kind of hang we have here: wait4(-1for the init scripts futex(0xsomepointer, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL for rsyslogd / apache2 binaries called by the init scripts The system was installed as a Debian Lenny by my hoster in autumn 2011, I upgraded it to Squeeze immediately and kept it up to date with Squeeze, which then used to be testing. There were no big changes, though. I guess I never tried to reboot the system before. Update3: I found the problem. My /etc/nsswitch.conf specified ldap as hosts lookup backup, which is not available at that time of the boot. Relying on dns solely fixes my boot problems.

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  • Owner of uploads directory is `www-data` but this prevents FTP access via PHP scripts

    - by letseatfood
    To allow write access to Apache, I needed to chown www-data:www-data /var/www/mysite/uploads to my site's upload folder. This allows me to delete files from the folder via unlink() in a PHP script. Unfortunately, this prevents another PHP script, which uses FTP functions, from working. I think it is because the FTP user is mike and now that the uploads directory is owned by www-data, mike cannot access it. I added mike to the group www-data, but this does not fix the issue. Can somebody advise me on how to allow PHP FTP functions to work in addition to file deletion using PHP's unlink() function?

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  • Give root password for maintenance

    - by Jevgeni Smirnov
    After entering shutdown now in terminal I get everything running normally and then: All processes ended withing 2 seconds...done INIT: Going single user INIT: Sending processes the TERM signal INIT: Sending processes the KILL signal Give root password for maintenance(or.... I press Ctrl+D, and it shows me login screen Debian. Shutdown through GUI works properly. UPDATE 1 It seems some process hangs. Moreover I'v managed to poweroff server through several retries. Recently i'v installed only ntp and ntpdate. Nothing more. I suppose it might be it conflicting with iptables.

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  • Can any postfix guru assist me determine how emails are still being sent via my server from unauthorized sources?

    - by Dave
    Hi all, I'm getting a little concerned as I run a small server hosting a number of websites and manage the email for a few dozen people. Just recently though I've had a couple of notifications from spamcop alerting me that spam has been sent from my server, and when I have a look over the logs from time to time I can indeed see that there are many repeated attempts of mail being sent from my server. Most of the time it gets knocked back from the destination servers but sometimes its getting through. Unfortunately I'm not linux or postfix expert, I can get by but had though I had my machine locked down quite securely, I don't allow relaying, when I check the online DNS/MX tools they tend to report my server as being OK so I'm not sure where to take it now and hoping someone might be able to throw me a few pointers. I get lots of entries like this in my MAIL.INFO log Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 66B88257C12F: from=<>, size=3116, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 614C2257C1BC: from=<[email protected]>, size=2490, nrcpt=3 (queue active) and Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6471]: 0A316257C204: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384387, delays=384384/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6470]: 5848C257C20D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384373, delays=384370/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) then there tends to be connection timeouts, so from what I see even though I had relaying disabled.. something is getting by and trying to send.. So if you can help that will be greatly appreciated, and any further logging/config info I can supply. Thanks

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  • GDM login screen is not displayed with VNC

    - by niboshi
    Hi, I set up VNC server with xinetd. Also configured GDM so that XDMCP is enabled. VNC connection seems okay, but GDM login screen is not shown. Instead I can only see old bare X screen (gray meshed background and X-shaped mouse pointer), which I can't do any interaction with it. What can I do to fix the problem? No log is written below /var/log/. Server distribution: Ubuntu marverick /etc/xinetd.d/vnc is like below: service vnc1024 { disable = no socket_type = stream protocol = tcp wait = no user = nobody server = /usr/bin/Xvnc server_args = -inetd -query localhost -geometry 1024x768 -depth 24 -once securitytypes=none port = 12345 } /etc/gdm/custom.conf: [daemon] [security] DisallowTCP=false [xdmcp] Enable=true [gui] [greeter] [chooser] [debug] [servers] /etc/services is also configured. Thanks

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  • "Network Error - 53" while trying to mount NFS share in Windows Server 2008 client

    - by Mike B
    CentOS | Windows 2008 I've got a CentOS 5.5 server running nfsd. On the Windows side, I'm running Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise. I have the "Files Services" server role enabled and both Client for NFS and Server for NFS are on. I'm able to successfully connect/mount to the CentOS NFS share from other linux systems but am experiencing errors connecting to it from Windows. When I try to connect, I get the following: C:\Users\fooadmin>mount -o anon 10.10.10.10:/share/ z: Network Error - 53 Type 'NET HELPMSG 53' for more information. (IP and share name have been changed to protect the innocent :-) ) Additional information: I've verified low-level network connectivity between the Windows client and the NFS server with telnet (to the NFS on TCP/2049) so I know the port is open. I've further confirmed that inbound and outbound firewall ports are present and enabled. I came across a Microsoft tech note that suggested changing the "Provider Order" so "NFS Network" is above other items like Microsoft Windows Network. I changed this and restarted the NFS client - no luck. I've confirmed that the share folder on the NFS server is readable/writable by all (777) I've tried other variations of the mount command like: mount 10.10.10.10:/share/ z: and mount 10.10.10.10:/share z: and mount -o anon mtype=hard \\10.10.10.10:/share * No luck. As per the command output, I tried typing NET HELPMSG 53 but that doesn't tell me much. Just "The network path was not found". I'm lost on how to proceed with troubleshooting. Any ideas?

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  • How to install/change locale on Debian?

    - by Hongli Lai
    I've written a web application for which the user interface is in Dutch. I use the system's date and time routines to format date strings in the application. However, the date strings that the system formats are in English but I want them in Dutch, so I need to set the system's locale. How do I do that on Debian? I tried setting LC_ALL=nl_NL but it doesn't seem to have any effect: $ date Sat Aug 15 14:31:31 UTC 2009 $ LC_ALL=nl_NL date Sat Aug 15 14:31:36 UTC 2009 I remember that setting LC_ALL on my Ubuntu desktop system works fine. Do I need to install extra packages to make this work, or am I doing it entirely wrong?

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  • Sftp via shell - how it is possible

    - by Tomasz Zielinski
    (Moved from StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4589725/sftp-via-shell-how-it-is-possible) How is it possible for tools like http://mysecureshell.sourceforge.net/ to provide SFTP access by merely specifying them as shell by typing: usermod -s /bin/MySecureShell myuser ? I'm on Debian Lenny, with default sshd/OpenSSH. Is this e.g. a feature of SSH protocol that allows user shell to handle sftp commands? I can't wrap my head around this because usually OpenSSH needs sftp-server module (or the internal one in newer versions) - and this makes me think that sftp commands don't even hit the shell and are handled earlier or by different code path..

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  • Provisioning DELL servers using only linux tools

    - by Krist van Besien
    We have taken delivery of a bunch off Dell Poweredge Rack servers. Unfortunately when ordering it was neglegted to ask for dhcp to be enabled in the built in iDRAC controlers... So they are all stuck on the same IP address. Which means that I'll have to go to each of them individually and configure a new IP in the console... In the future I want to avoid that. Now Dell proposes to deliver the next batch with auto discovery enabled. As I understand this means that when the machine wakes up for the first time the iDRAC will request a DHCP address. The DHCP server then supposedly also provides a "provisioning" server, that provides it with a username and password, and a configuration to be applied. This would allow us to for example configure things like RAID automatically. However, I can't seem to find a way to set up such a provisioning server that does not involve setting up a windows machine. I want to use Linux tools exclusively. Is there a way to do this? I want to just rack servers, switch them on, and then do everything remotely. And that using only linux tools?

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  • How hard for a Software Developer to Maintain a Server

    - by Samy
    I'm a software developer and don't have much experience as a sysadmin. I developed a web app and was considering buying a server and hosting the web app on it. Is this a huge undertaking for a web developer? What's the level of difficulty of maintaining a server and keeping up with the latest security patches and all that kind of fun stuff. I'm a single user, and not planning to sell the service to others. Can someone also recommend an OS for my case, and maybe some good learning resources that's concise and not too overwhelming.

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  • SSH into remote server using Public-private keys

    - by maria
    Hi, I have recently setup ssh on two linux machines (lets call them server-a, client-b). I have generated two ssh auth files on client-b machine using ssh key gen and can see both public and private files in .ssh dir. I have named them 'example' and 'example.pub'. Then I have added example.pub to sever-a's auth file. When I try to ssh into server-a it still requests a password authentication where as I want a password less login (private key on client-b is setup without password). When I try to ssh with '-v' .. get the following output: debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/abc/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_rsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 Password: Please help.

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  • Android webbrowser returns code 500 for webpage on Nginx webserver

    - by Paxxil
    Hey! I've come to a very weird behavior of a web browser on android mobile phone (I've tried HTC Wildfire and HTC Desire phones). I have a web server with Nginx v0.8.54. When i try to open a web page on the phone it shows me error: The requested item could not be loaded! (Status code: 500) BUT it only happens when I am requesting page through Mobile network. On Wifi it works just fine .... but there is more .... if I stop Nginx and start Apache web server it works just fine on both Mobile network and wifi. I've also tried other mobile network and it is the same behavior. Some server stats: Firewall is OFF Selinux is OFF the web page (using Nginx web server) opens normally on any other browser (IE, FF, Opera, Chrome, Safari) on the laptop or PC Nothing in nginx error.log This is the only entry in access.log when the page is requested: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx - - [17/Mar/2011:11:19:49 -0500] 200 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 27405 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.2; en-gb; Desire_A8181 Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1" "-" index.html has only "Hello World" string in it. There is no fishy javascript or anything else. .... but there is even more.... if i open the same page on another server, with the same Nginx build, with the same server and web server configuration.... it opens just fine. if anyone has any idea on what may be going on, i would really appreciate it if you let me know. Thanks! EDIT: i forgot to mention that page opens OK on Iphone and Nokia

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  • how to offer subdomain hosting with bandwidth calculation per user

    - by Ke
    Hi, Im a php developer and I would like to offer subdomain hosting,but need also to be able to calculate bandwidth for each subdomain. For the subdomains creation I will use catch-all and wildcards etc to easily set these up. The one thing im a bit stumped on is how to calculate bandwidth for each subdomain, is this possible within php? or are there better solutions for this perhaps using folders or something? Also a script will be loaded under the subdomain, this will vary per user. Is it worth giving each user a new folder and their own script, or more easy to manage one script for all users? Any considerations here? Cheers Ke

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  • sSMTP Configuration Question

    - by SevenCentral
    I've installed sSMTP on Ubuntu 10.04 via: sudo apt-get install ssmtp My configuration file is: # # Config file for sSMTP sendmail # # The person who gets all mail for userids < 1000 # Make this empty to disable rewriting. [email protected] # The place where the mail goes. The actual machine name is required no # MX records are consulted. Commonly mailhosts are named mail.domain.com mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587 # Where will the mail seem to come from? #rewriteDomain= # The full hostname hostname=somedomain.com # Are users allowed to set their own From: address? # YES - Allow the user to specify their own From: address # NO - Use the system generated From: address #FromLineOverride=YES [email protected] authpass=**** usestarttls=yes Am I transmitting my credentials in clear text? Is calling ssmtp a secure operation? Thanks.

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  • Most scalable way of serving a small set of static HTTP content

    - by Ekevoo
    The story: Hi guys. I'm among the people responsible for serving the results of the most anticipated (by number of people participating) annual entrance exam in my state. As such, when our results are published, the interest is overwhelming. In the past we delegated the responsibility of serving the results to the media, but that spoils a little the officialness of these results. This year we went with a little (long overdue) experiment of using lighttpd instead of Apache as well as other physical network optimizations I wasn't directly involved with. The results were very satisfactory. The server didn't choke even once, nor we saw any of the usual Twitter complaints on unavailability and/or slowness that were previously common. However, because we still delegated the first publication of the results to the media I'm still not 100% sure we can handle the load of actually publishing the results first. The question: Now because these files are like 14MB in total and a true lightweight Linux distribution isn't that big either, I'm thinking: what if next year we run full RAMdrive? Is there any? Is that useful? Is that worth it for a team that uses Debian almost exclusively? Are there other optimizations that I should be focusing on instead?

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  • SharePoint - force user to accept AUP when first logging in etc

    - by Chris W
    We're looking to move a bespoke intranet across to SharePoint. One query that has come up is whether we can do the following easily: When user logs in for the first time they should be forced read and accept an Acceptable Use Policy for the site. Agree a separate agreement that relates to their data being shared with other parties. (Optional) upload their profile photo. They can skip this step if they don't have one but they should be prompted to do it each time they login subsequently. The above is all nice and easy in a bespoke app but I can't see how to do this with SharePoint. Can we build a custom workflow that is tied to the user logging in? So far I can only find how to attach workflows to libraries and lists.

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  • memory tuning with rails/unicorn running on ubuntu

    - by user970193
    I am running unicorn on Ubuntu 11, Rails 3.0, and Ruby 1.8.7. It is an 8 core ec2 box, and I am running 15 workers. CPU never seems to get pinned, and I seem to be handling requests pretty nicely. My question concerns memory usage, and what concerns I should have with what I am seeing. (if any) Here is the scenario: Under constant load (about 15 reqs/sec coming in from nginx), over the course of an hour, each server in the 3 server cluster loses about 100MB / hour. This is a linear slope for about 6 hours, then it appears to level out, but still maybe appear to lose about 10MB/hour. If I drop my page caches using the linux command echo 1 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, the available free memory shoots back up to what it was when I started the unicorns, and the memory loss pattern begins again over the hours. Before: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 5005376 2124868 0 113628 422856 -/+ buffers/cache: 4468892 2661352 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 After: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 4467144 2663100 0 228 11172 -/+ buffers/cache: 4455744 2674500 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 My Ruby code does use memoizations and I'm assuming Ruby/Rails/Unicorn is keeping its own caches... what I'm wondering is should I be worried about this behaviour? FWIW, my Unicorn config: worker_processes 15 listen "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn_socket", :backlog = 1024 listen 8080, :tcp_nopush = true timeout 180 pid "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid" GC.respond_to?(:copy_on_write_friendly=) and GC.copy_on_write_friendly = true before_fork do |server, worker| STDERR.puts "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX BEFORE FORK" print_gemfile_location defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect! defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.disconnect old_pid = "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.oldbin" if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # already killed end end File.open("#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.ok", "w"){|f| f.print($$.to_s)} end after_fork do |server, worker| defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.connect end Is there a need to experiment enforcing more stringent garbage collection using OobGC (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/Unicorn/OobGC.html)? Or is this just normal behaviour, and when/as the system needs more memory, it will empty the caches by itself, without me manually running that cache command? Basically, is this normal, expected behaviour? tia

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  • How to create a software raid5 array without a spare

    - by Yannick M.
    I am trying to create a software raid5 array using mdadm: $ linux # mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 --spare-devices=0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric mdadm: chunk size defaults to 64K mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. However when inspecting /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2930279808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] [>....................] recovery = 0.3% (2970496/976759936) finish=186.1min speed=87172K/sec unused devices: <none> It seems one drive isn't active, so I check the details of the array: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Tue Jul 21 16:29:53 2009 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930279808 (2794.53 GiB 3000.61 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Jul 21 16:29:53 2009 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 0% complete UUID : ce8b2f40:821d003c:0027688e:a70977ec Events : 0.1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 4 8 49 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sdd1 And it seems there are only 3 active devices, with one spare. Is it just me, or something wrong here?

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