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  • How do I multiply pixels on an SDL Surface?

    - by NoobScratcher
    Okay so I'm able to put blank pixels into a surface and also draw gradient pixels rectangles,etc But I don't know how to multiply the pixels on a surface so I was hoping someone could provide me information on this topic. I was thinking you could get the members pixel and then * it by 2 but that didn't provide results I wanted so I'm now thinking that you have to actually get to the position in bytes in one location to the left and one location to the right and then store it in memory and then * that by 2 am I correct or what? If so what is it that allows me to do that and how do I do that?

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  • Accounting for waves when doing planar reflections

    - by CloseReflector
    I've been studying Nvidia's examples from the SDK, in particular the Island11 project and I've found something curious about a piece of HLSL code which corrects the reflections up and down depending on the state of the wave's height. Naturally, after examining the brief paragraph of code: // calculating correction that shifts reflection up/down according to water wave Y position float4 projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,input.positionWS.y,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,-0.8,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; reflection_disturbance.y=max(-0.15,waveheight_correction+reflection_disturbance.y); My first guess was that it compensates for the planar reflection when it is subjected to vertical perturbation (the waves), shifting the reflected geometry to a point where is nothing and the water is just rendered as if there is nothing there or just the sky: Now, that's the sky reflecting where we should see the terrain's green/grey/yellowish reflection lerped with the water's baseline. My problem is now that I cannot really pinpoint what is the logic behind it. Projecting the actual world space position of a point of the wave/water geometry and then multiplying by -.5f, only to take another projection of the same point, this time with its y coordinate changed to -0.8 (why -0.8?). Clues in the code seem to indicate it was derived with trial and error because there is redundancy. For example, the author takes the negative half of the projected y coordinate (after the w divide): float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; And then does the same for the second point (only positive, to get a difference of some sort, I presume) and combines them: waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; By removing the divide by 2, I see no difference in quality improvement (if someone cares to correct me, please do). The crux of it seems to be the difference in the projected y, why is that? This redundancy and the seemingly arbitrary selection of -.8f and -0.15f lead me to conclude that this might be a combination of heuristics/guess work. Is there a logical underpinning to this or is it just a desperate hack? Here is an exaggeration of the initial problem which the code fragment fixes, observe on the lowest tessellation level. Hopefully, it might spark an idea I'm missing. The -.8f might be a reference height from which to deduce how much to disturb the texture coordinate sampling the planarly reflected geometry render and -.15f might be the lower bound, a security measure.

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  • Is it better to cut and store all sprites needed from a spritesheet in memory, or cut them out just-in-time?

    - by xLite
    I'm not sure what's best practice here as I have little experience with this. Essentially what I am asking is... if it's better to get your single PNG with all your different sprites on it for use in-game, cut out every sprite on startup and store them in memory, then access the already-cut-out sprite from memory quickly or Only have the single PNG with all the different sprites residing in memory, and when you need, for example, a tree. You cut out the tree from the PNG and then continue to use it as normal. I imagine the former is more CPU friendly than the latter but less memory friendly, vice versa for the latter. I want to know what the norm is for game dev. This is a pixel based game using 2D art. Each PNG is actually an avatar's sprite sheet with each body part separated and then later joined to form the full body of the avatar.

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  • Information about rendering, batches, the graphical card, performance etc. + XNA?

    - by Aidiakapi
    I know the title is a bit vague but it's hard to describe what I'm really looking for, but here goes. When it comes to CPU rendering, performance is mostly easy to estimate and straightforward, but when it comes to the GPU due to my lack of technical background information, I'm clueless. I'm using XNA so it'd be nice if theory could be related to that. So what I actually wanna know is, what happens when and where (CPU/GPU) when you do specific draw actions? What is a batch? What influence do effects, projections etc have? Is data persisted on the graphics card or is it transferred over every step? When there's talk about bandwidth, are you talking about a graphics card internal bandwidth, or the pipeline from CPU to GPU? Note: I'm not actually looking for information on how the drawing process happens, that's the GPU's business, I'm interested on all the overhead that precedes that. I'd like to understand what's going on when I do action X, to adapt my architectures and practices to that. Any articles (possibly with code examples), information, links, tutorials that give more insight in how to write better games are very much appreciated. Thanks :)

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  • Is it unprofessional to leave game resources to the open eye?

    - by ThePlan
    I'm still having problems packing my resources, after going through complicated APIs and basically just zip files which are exhausting my brain, I thought I could also pack the game with the resources visible to the human eye, in a simple folder. Would that be unprofessional? Personally, I've never even seen games do that, it would basically mean that the player could just edit whatever he wants in the game, like go in map1.txt and add an X somewhere to create a wall, or change the player sprite to a pony in MS PAINT.

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  • Transparent parts of texture are opaque black instead

    - by Aaron
    I render a sprite twice, one on top of the other. The sprites have transparent parts, so I should be able to see the bottom sprite under the top sprite. The transparent parts are black (the clear colour) and opaque instead though and the topmost sprite blocks the bottom sprite. My fragment shader is trivial: uniform sampler2D texture; varying vec2 f_texcoord; void main() { gl_FragColor = texture2D(texture, f_texcoord); } I have glEnable(GL_BLEND) and glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) in my initialization code. My texture comes from a PNG file that I load with libpng. I'm sure to use GL_RGBA when initializing the texture with glTexImage2D (otherwise the sprites look like noise).

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  • Easy road from DisplayObject to Molehill?

    - by Bart van Heukelom
    I have a finished Flash game which is rendered using the built-in display tree, i.e. Bitmaps contained in Sprites (and a text here and there, few vector graphics, and one bitmap-filled shape). For extra performance, I'd like it to use Molehill for rendering, but that's not possible out of the box. What's the easiest way to make this game use Molehill when available, but fall back to the current method if it's not available?

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  • Need to produce an animated texture of Water where each image tiles in all directions

    - by ProfVersaggi
    I need to produce a 2D 'animated' texture of "water" for a game in which each image tiles in 'all' directions, much like those produced by the Caustics Generator, but with the power and flexibility of something the likes of Blender. The final result from Caustics Generator is 32 images that are actually animated such that when the full 32 images are played in a loop they will seamlessly loop forever. They will not only loop in time, but each image also tile in all directions. This is nice, but it comes in only one flavor so to speak. I'd like to accomplish the same thing with a Blender type tool, and I have actually gotten to the point where I generate the X number of images, but they do not tile in 'all' directions, nor are they slightly animated. I've tried Blender texture animations using offsets but with only limited success. Does anyone know of how to (or of a tool) which will animate textures such that they tile in all (4) directions? Many thanks in advance ....

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  • Developing GLSL Shaders?

    - by skln
    I want to create shaders but I need a tool to create and see the visual result before I put them into my game. As to determine if there is something wrong with my game or if it's something with the shader I created. I've looked at some like Render Monkey and OpenGL Shader Designer from what I recall of Render Monkey it had a way to define your own attributes (now as "in" for vertex shaders = 330) easily though I can't remember to what extent. Shader Designer requires a plugin that I didn't even bother to look at creating cause it's an external process and plugin. Are there any tools out there that support a scripting language and I could easily provide specific input such as float movement = sin(elapsedTime()); and then define in float movement; in the vertex shader ? It'd be cool if anyone could share how they develop shaders, if they just code away and then plug it into their game hoping to get the result they wanted.

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  • What are some ways to texture map a terrain?

    - by ApocKalipsS
    I'm working with XNA on a 3D Game, and I'm trying to have a proper and nice environnement. I actually followed a tutorial to create a terrain from a heightmap. To texture it, I just apply a grass texture on it and tile it a number of times. But what I want to do is to have a really realistic texturing, but also generate it automatically (for example if I want to use Perlin noise to generate a terrain and then texture it). I already learned about multi-texturing, loading a map file with different colors for different textures, but I don't think this is really efficient, for instance for cliffs or very steep areas it will tile a texture badly as it's a view from the top. (Also, I don't know how I'll draw roads or dirt paths with that.) I'm looking for an efficient solution to realistically texture mapping procedurally-generated terrain.

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  • Glm Vector Transformations [duplicate]

    - by Reanimation
    This question already has an answer here: Car-like Physics - Basic Maths to Simulate Steering 2 answers I have a cube rendered on the screen which represents a car (or similar). Using Projection/Model matrices and Glm I am able to move it back and fourth along the axes and rotate it left or right. I'm having trouble with the vector mathematics to make the cube move forwards no matter which direction it's current orientation is. (ie. if I would like, if it's rotated right 30degrees, when it's move forwards, it travels along the 30degree angle on a new axes). I hope I've explained that correctly. This is what I've managed to do so far in terms of using glm to move the cube: glm::vec3 vel; //velocity vector void renderMovingCube(){ glUseProgram(movingCubeShader.handle()); GLuint matrixLoc4MovingCube = glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ProjectionMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(matrixLoc4MovingCube, 1, GL_FALSE, &ProjectionMatrix[0][0]); glm::mat4 viewMatrixMovingCube; viewMatrixMovingCube = glm::lookAt(camOrigin, camLookingAt, camNormalXYZ); vel.x = cos(rotX); vel.y=sin(rotX); vel*=moveCube; //move cube ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrixMovingCube,globalPos*vel); //bring ground and cube to bottom of screen ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(ModelViewMatrix, glm::vec3(0,-48,0)); ModelViewMatrix = glm::rotate(ModelViewMatrix, rotX, glm::vec3(0,1,0)); //manually turn glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ModelViewMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, &ModelViewMatrix[0][0]); //pass matrix to shader movingCube.render(); //draw glUseProgram(0); } keyboard input: void keyboard() { char BACKWARD = keys['S']; char FORWARD = keys['W']; char ROT_LEFT = keys['A']; char ROT_RIGHT = keys['D']; if (FORWARD) //W - move forwards { globalPos += vel; //globalPos.z -= moveCube; BACKWARD = false; } if (BACKWARD)//S - move backwards { globalPos.z += moveCube; FORWARD = false; } if (ROT_LEFT)//A - turn left { rotX +=0.01f; ROT_LEFT = false; } if (ROT_RIGHT)//D - turn right { rotX -=0.01f; ROT_RIGHT = false; } Where am I going wrong with my vectors? I would like change the direction of the cube (which it does) but then move forwards in that direction.

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  • Character equipment combinations

    - by JimFing
    I'm developing a 2d isometric game (typical Tolkien RPG) and wondering how to handle character/equipment combinations. So for example, the player wears leather boots with chain-mail and a wooden shield and a sword - but then picks up plate-armour instead of chain-mail. I'm using Blender3D to create objects, environments and characters in 3D, then a script runs to render all 3D meshes into 2D orthographic tile maps. So I can use this script to create all the combinations of character equipment for me, but there would be an explosion in terms of the combinations required.

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  • Need efficient way to keep enemy from getting hit multiple times by same source

    - by TenFour04
    My game's a simple 2D one, but this probably applies to many types of scenarios. Suppose my player has a sword, or a gun that shoots a projectile that can pass through and hit multiple enemies. While the sword is swinging, there is a duration where I am checking for the sword making contact with any enemy on every frame. But once an enemy is hit by that sword, I don't want him to continue getting hit over and over as the sword follows through. (I do want the sword to continue checking whether it is hitting other enemies.) I've thought of a couple different approaches (below), but they don't seem like good ones to me. I'm looking for a way that doesn't force cross-referencing (I don't want the enemy to have to send a message back to the sword/projectile). And I'd like to avoid generating/resetting multiple array lists with every attack. Each time the sword swings it generates a unique id (maybe by just incrementing a global static long). Every enemy keeps a list of id's of swipes or projectiles that have already hit them, so the enemy knows not to get hurt by something multiple times. Downside is that every enemy may have a big list to compare to. So projectiles and sword swipes would have to broadcast their end-of-life to all enemies and cause a search and remove on every enemy's array list. Seems kind of slow. Each sword swipe or projectile keeps its own list of enemies that it has already hit so it knows not to apply damage. Downsides: Have to generate a new list (probably pull from a pool and clear one) every time a sword is swung or a projectile shot. Also, this breaks down modularity, because now the sword has to send a message to the enemy, and the enemy has to send a message back to the sword. Seems to me that two-way streets like this are a great way to create very difficult-to-find bugs.

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  • What library should I use for 2D Geometry? [closed]

    - by Luka
    I've been working on a 2D game in java, but found that java just didn't cut it for me and had forced me to a lot of bad design choices, so I've decided to port all my work to c++. The main reason I've decided change to c++ is that i had reached a point where i had 3 geometry libraries (the native, one from the game engine and one to handle "complex" polygons), none of witch worked very well together and i couldn't keep track of them. I'm new to c++, but i know all the basics. My question is, what would be a good geometry library to use, ideally it should be able to handle integer and decimal data types, have point, line, and polygon classes witch are able to check for intersection and contains. Thanks in advance, Luka

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  • LWJGL GL_QUADS texture artifact

    - by Dajgoro Labinac
    I managed to get working lwjgl in Java, and i loaded a test image(tv test card), but i keep getting weird artifacts outside the image. Image link: http://tinypic.com/r/vhv9g/6 Code: glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex2i(10, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex2i(500, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex2i(500, 500); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex2i(10, 500); glEnd(); What could be the cause?

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  • When dealing with a static game board, what are some methods to make it more interesting?

    - by Ólafur Waage
    Let's say you have a game board that you look at. It does not move but there is some action going on. For example Chess, Checkers, Solitaire. The game I'm working on is not one of these but it's a good reference. What are some methods you can apply to the game or the design that increases the appeal of the game to the user? Of course you can make it prettier but what are some other methods you can use? For example: Visual cues, game design changes, user interface arrangement, etc.

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  • b2Body moves without stopping

    - by SentineL
    I got a quite strange bug. It is difficult to explain it in two words, but i'll try to do this in short. My b2Body has restitution, friction, density, mass and collision group. I controlling my b2Body via setting linear velocity to it (called on every iteration): (void)moveToDirection:(CGPoint)direction onlyHorizontal:(BOOL)horizontal { b2Vec2 velocity = [controlledObject getBody]-GetLinearVelocity(); double horizontalSpeed = velocity.x + controlledObject.acceleration * direction.x; velocity.x = (float32) (abs((int) horizontalSpeed) < controlledObject.runSpeed ? horizontalSpeed : controlledObject.maxSpeed * direction.x); if (!horizontal) { velocity.y = velocity.y + controlledObject.runSpeed * direction.y; } [controlledObject getBody]->SetLinearVelocity(velocity); } My floor is static b2Body, it has as restitution, friction, density, mass and same collision group in some reason, I'm setting b2Body's friction of my Hero to zero when it is moving, and returning it to 1 when he stops. When I'm pushing run button, hero runs. when i'm releasing it, he stops. All of this works perfect. On jumping, I'm setting linear velocity to my Hero: (void)jump { b2Vec2 velocity = [controlledObject getBody]->GetLinearVelocity(); velocity.y = velocity.y + [[AppDel cfg] getHeroJumpVlelocity]; [controlledObject getBody]->SetLinearVelocity(velocity); } If I'll run, jump, and release run button, while he is in air, all will work fine. And here is my problem: If I'll run, jump, and continue running on landing (or when he goes from one static body to another: there is small fall, probably), Hero will start move, like he has no friction, but he has! I checked this via beakpoints: he has friction, but I can move left of right, and he will never stop, until i'll jump (or go from one static body to another), with unpressed running button. I allready tried: Set friction to body on every iteration double-check am I setting friction to right fixture. set Linear Damping to Hero: his move slows down on gugged moveing. A little more code: I have a sensor and body fixtures in my hero: (void) addBodyFixture { b2CircleShape dynamicBox; dynamicBox.m_radius = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius]; b2FixtureDef bodyFixtureDef; bodyFixtureDef.shape = &dynamicBox; bodyFixtureDef.density = 1.0f; bodyFixtureDef.friction = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroFriction]; bodyFixtureDef.restitution = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRestitution]; bodyFixtureDef.filter.categoryBits = 0x0001; bodyFixtureDef.filter.maskBits = 0x0001; bodyFixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = 0; bodyFixtureDef.userData = [NSNumber numberWithInt:FIXTURE_BODY]; [physicalBody addFixture:bodyFixtureDef]; } (void) addSensorFixture { b2CircleShape sensorBox; sensorBox.m_radius = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius] * 0.95; sensorBox.m_p.Set(0, -[[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius] / 10); b2FixtureDef sensor; sensor.shape = &sensorBox; sensor.filter.categoryBits = 0x0001; sensor.filter.maskBits = 0x0001; sensor.filter.groupIndex = 0; sensor.isSensor = YES; sensor.userData = [NSNumber numberWithInt:FIXTURE_SENSOR]; [physicalBody addFixture:sensor]; } Here I'm tracking is hero in air: void FixtureContactListener::BeginContact(b2Contact* contact) { // We need to copy out the data because the b2Contact passed in // is reused. Squirrel *squirrel = (Squirrel *)contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody()->GetUserData(); if (squirrel) { [squirrel addContact]; } } void FixtureContactListener::EndContact(b2Contact* contact) { Squirrel *squirrel = (Squirrel *)contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody()->GetUserData(); if (squirrel) { [squirrel removeContact]; } } here is Hero's logic on contacts: - (void) addContact { if (contactCount == 0) [self landing]; contactCount++; } - (void) removeContact { contactCount--; if (contactCount == 0) [self flying]; if (contactCount <0) contactCount = 0; } - (void)landing { inAir = NO; acceleration = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRunAcceleration]; [sprite stopAllActions]; (running ? [sprite runAction:[self runAction]] : [sprite runAction:[self standAction]]); } - (void)flying { inAir = YES; acceleration = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroAirAcceleration]; [sprite stopAllActions]; [self flyAction]; } here is Hero's moving logic: - (void)stop { running = NO; if (!inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self standAction]]; } } - (void)left { [physicalBody setFriction:0]; if (!running && !inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self runAction]]; } running = YES; moveingDirection = NO; [bodyControls moveToDirection:CGPointMake(-1, 0) onlyHorizontal:YES]; } - (void)right { [physicalBody setFriction:0]; if (!running && !inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self runAction]]; } running = YES; moveingDirection = YES; [bodyControls moveToDirection:CGPointMake(1, 0) onlyHorizontal:YES]; } - (void)jump { if (!inAir) { [bodyControls jump]; } } and here is my update method (called on every iteration): - (void)update:(NSMutableDictionary *)buttons { if (!isDead) { [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_LEFT inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(left) whenUnpressed:@selector(stop)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_RIGHT inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(right) whenUnpressed:@selector(stop)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_UP inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(jump) whenUnpressed:@selector(nothing)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_DOWN inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(nothing) whenUnpressed:@selector(nothing)]; [sprite setFlipX:(moveingDirection)]; } [self checkPosition]; if (!running) [physicalBody setFriction:[[AppDel cfg] getHeroFriction]]; else [physicalBody setFriction:0]; } - (void)updateWithButtonName:(NSString *)buttonName inButtons:(NSDictionary *)buttons whenPressed:(SEL)pressedSelector whenUnpressed:(SEL)unpressedSelector { NSNumber *buttonNumber = [buttons objectForKey:buttonName]; if (buttonNumber == nil) return; if ([buttonNumber boolValue]) [self performSelector:pressedSelector]; else [self performSelector:unpressedSelector]; } - (void)checkPosition { b2Body *body = [self getBody]; b2Vec2 position = body->GetPosition(); CGPoint inWorldPosition = [[AppDel cfg] worldMeterPointFromScreenPixel:CGPointMake(position.x * PTM_RATIO, position.y * PTM_RATIO)]; if (inWorldPosition.x < 0 || inWorldPosition.x > WORLD_WIDGH / PTM_RATIO || inWorldPosition.y <= 0) { [self kill]; } }

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  • infer half vector length in BRDF

    - by cician
    it's my first question on stack. Is it possible to infer length of the half angle vector for specular lighting from N·L and N·V without the whole view and light vectors? I may be completely off-track, but I have this gut feeling it's possible... Why? I'm working on a skin shader and I'm already doing one texture lookup with N·L+N·E and one texture lookup for specular with N·H+N·V. The latter one can be transformed into N·L+N·E lookup if only I had the half vector length. Doing so could simplify the shader a bit and move some operations into the pre-computed lookup texture. It would make a huge difference since I'm trying to squeeze as much functionality as possible to a single pass mobile version so instruction count matters. Thanks.

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  • What are the semantics of glRotate and glTranslate's parameters?

    - by Zarkopafilis
    I have been trying to play with OpenGL after watching some tutorials and I don't understand how the glTranslatef and glRotatef functions work. I believe a simple picture would help me. I understand that glTranslatef changes the position of the "camera" (but does it change the position in wich the shapes are getting drawn)? However, I don't understand the rotation concept at all. If I do glRotatef(1,0,0,1) it makes my quad spin around. If I just do glRotatef(1,0,0,0) it makes the quad smaller (further away) but if I try to rotate around the X or Y axis, I get a black screen. I don't understand the angle either. Help would be appreciated.

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  • How to Point sprite's direction towards Mouse or an Object [duplicate]

    - by Irfan Dahir
    This question already has an answer here: Rotating To Face a Point 1 answer I need some help with rotating sprites towards the mouse. I'm currently using the library allegro 5.XX. The rotation of the sprite works but it's constantly inaccurate. It's always a few angles off from the mouse to the left. Can anyone please help me with this? Thank you. P.S I got help with the rotating function from here: http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2012/11/18/GameDev-math-recipes-Rotating-to-face-a-point.aspx Although it's by javascript, the maths function is the same. And also, by placing: if(angle < 0) { angle = 360 - (-angle); } doesn't fix it. The Code: #include <allegro5\allegro.h> #include <allegro5\allegro_image.h> #include "math.h" int main(void) { int width = 640; int height = 480; bool exit = false; int shipW = 0; int shipH = 0; ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display = NULL; ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue = NULL; ALLEGRO_BITMAP *ship = NULL; if(!al_init()) return -1; display = al_create_display(width, height); if(!display) return -1; al_install_keyboard(); al_install_mouse(); al_init_image_addon(); al_set_new_bitmap_flags(ALLEGRO_MIN_LINEAR | ALLEGRO_MAG_LINEAR); //smoother rotate ship = al_load_bitmap("ship.bmp"); shipH = al_get_bitmap_height(ship); shipW = al_get_bitmap_width(ship); int shipx = width/2 - shipW/2; int shipy = height/2 - shipH/2; int mx = width/2; int my = height/2; al_set_mouse_xy(display, mx, my); event_queue = al_create_event_queue(); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_mouse_event_source()); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source()); //al_hide_mouse_cursor(display); float angle; while(!exit) { ALLEGRO_EVENT ev; al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &ev); if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP) { switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) { case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE: exit = true; break; /*case ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT: degree -= 10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT: degree += 10; break;*/ case ALLEGRO_KEY_W: shipy -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_S: shipy +=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_A: shipx -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_D: shipx += 10; break; } }else if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES) { mx = ev.mouse.x; my = ev.mouse.y; angle = atan2(my - shipy, mx - shipx); } // al_draw_bitmap(ship,shipx, shipy, 0); //al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy, degree * 3.142/180,0); al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy,angle, 0); //I directly placed the angle because the allegro library calculates radians, and if i multiplied it by 180/3. 142 the rotation would go hawire, not would, it actually did. al_flip_display(); al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0)); } al_destroy_bitmap(ship); al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue); al_destroy_display(display); return 0; } EDIT: This was marked duplicate by a moderator. I'd like to say that this isn't the same as that. I'm a total beginner at game programming, I had a view at that other topic and I had difficulty understanding it. Please understand this, thank you. :/ Also, while I was making a print of what the angle is I got this... Here is a screenshot:http://img34.imageshack.us/img34/7396/fzuq.jpg Which is weird because aren't angles supposed to be 360 degrees only?

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  • Generating and rendering not point-like particles on GPU

    - by TravisG
    Specifically I'm talking about particles as seen (for example) in the UE4 dev video here. They're not just points and seem to have a nice shape to them that seems to follow their movement. Is it possible to create these kinds of particles (efficiently) completely on the GPU (perhaps through something like motion? Or is the only (or most efficient) way to just create a small particle texture and render small quads for each particle?

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  • How exactly does app ranking work?

    - by qweasdzxc1
    So I've been in the app industry for around half a year and I still don't know how exactly ranking higher for your app will help increase downloads. That sounds like a question with an obvious answer but this is what's going through my mind so hear me out: Unless your app is ranked within the top 100, no one can see it in the featured categories. So even if my app jumped from 400th to 300th place, would there really even be a difference in downloads? And I'm saying 400th to 300th in ranking in my specific category. Indie developers like me don't even come close to ranking for the overall category. So far, the only usefulness of trying to get a higher rank is to get featured or something like that, but big companies have tons of money to throw on marketing...so the chances of any indie developer getting featured is rare. The only thing that I can see ranking being good for is to rank for your keywords so that when someone searches for that word, your app will hopefully appear in the top 10-25 results. Can anyone confirm my thoughts or add anything else that I might have missed out on? How exactly do users find your app if you're not in the top 100 app in your category?

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  • How do I put different textures on different walls? LWJGL

    - by lehermj
    So far I have it so you are running around in a box, but all of the walls are the same texture! I've loaded up other textures for the walls (I want the walls a different texture than the floor) but it seems as if its being ignored... Here's my code: int floorTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("floor.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int wallTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("walls.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int ceilingDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(ceilingDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int wallDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(wallDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); // North wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // West wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); // East wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // South wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int floorDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(floorDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList();

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  • Implementing AS 2.0 with FSM?

    - by Up2u
    i have seen many of references of AI and FSM like : http://www.richardlord.net/blog/fini...n-actionscript and sadly im still can't understand the point of the FSM on AS2.0 is it a must to create a class of each state ? i have a project of game and also it has an AI, the AI has 3 state n i said the state is distanceCheck, ChaseTarget, and Hit the target, the game that i create is FPS game and play via by mouse so what i mean is i have create an AI ( and is success ) but i want to convert it to FSM method ... i create : function of CheckDistanceState() and in that function i have to locked the target with an array, and sort it with the nearest distance and locked it and it trigger the function ChaseState(), and in the ChaseState() i insert the Hit() function to destroy the enemy, the 3 function that i created , i call it in the AI_cursor.onEnterframe, ( FPS game that only have a cursor in stage ) is there any chance to implement FSM to my code without to create a class ?? from what i read before , to create a class mean to create an external code outside of the frame ( i used to code in frame) and i stil dont understand about it. sorry if my explaination not clear ...

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  • GLSL per pixel lighting with custom light type

    - by Justin
    Ok, I am having a big problem here. I just got into GLSL yesterday, so the code will be terrible, I'm sure. Basically, I am attempting to make a light that can be passed into the fragment shader (for learning purposes). I have four input values: one for the position of the light, one for the color, one for the distance it can travel, and one for the intensity. I want to find the distance between the light and the fragment, then calculate the color from there. The code I have gives me a simply gorgeous ring of light that get's twisted and widened as the matrix is modified. I love the results, but it is not even close to what I am after. I want the light to be moved with all of the vertices, so it is always in the same place in relation to the objects. I can easily take it from there, but getting that to work seems to be impossible with my current structure. Can somebody give me a few pointers (pun not intended)? Vertex shader: attribute vec4 position; attribute vec4 color; attribute vec2 textureCoordinates; varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; void main() { vec4 ECposition = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; vec3 tnorm = normalize(vec3 (gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal)); fposition = ftransform(); gl_Position = fposition; gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; fposition = ECposition; lightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0) * gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; lightDistance = 5.0; lightIntensity = 1.0; lightColor = vec4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0); } Fragment shader: varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; uniform sampler2D texture; void main() { float l_distance = sqrt((gl_FragCoord.x * lightPosition.x) + (gl_FragCoord.y * lightPosition.y) + (gl_FragCoord.z * lightPosition.z)); float l_value = lightIntensity / (l_distance / lightDistance); vec4 l_color = vec4(l_value * lightColor.r, l_value * lightColor.g, l_value * lightColor.b, l_value * lightColor.a); vec4 color; color = texture2D(texture, gl_TexCoord[0].st); gl_FragColor = l_color * color; //gl_FragColor = fposition; }

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